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<document id="58137CAFC0A4DD29EEC9C4854070CE98" ID-CLB-Dataset="45466" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.215224" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a53b495-17db-421b-be56-da4dadaea543" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215224" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460437889326" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Magnacca, Karl N. &amp; Price, Donald K." docDate="2012" docId="039CB000FFC3FFB1F5EFD122AE40FAE7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03188p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3188" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Drosophila opuhe Magnacca, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFA5C878FFD7FFA4F578D04DAF04FFF6" masterDocTitle="New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698332463146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6F8FE81AEED3C04898F56AFA7ACE0ABA">New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B86BAB1E295E0C9103986A419F813071">Magnacca, Karl N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA2D1511B5A258DB05FEBBAEF648A93A">Price, Donald K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D57E1FAA087DB411A6C581670BDD83DF">2012</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC3FFB0F5EFD122AFDCFE5C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC3FFB0F5EFD122AD92FE7F" blockId="20.[151,662,367,426]" box="[151,662,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D0C2B67AFFC3FFB0F5EFD122AD92FE7F" bold="true" box="[151,662,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F5EFD122AD92FE7F" bold="true" box="[151,662,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC3FFB0F5EFD122AEFDFE7F" ID-CoL="8BY2P" authority="Magnacca" authorityName="Magnacca" box="[151,505,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuhe" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F5EFD122AE74FE7F" bold="true" box="[151,368,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Drosophila opuhe</emphasis>
Magnacca
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272607FFFC3FFB0F77FD122AD92FE7F" box="[519,662,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC3FFB0F5EFD1DFAFDCFE5C" blockId="20.[151,662,367,426]" box="[151,216,402,426]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFC3FFB0F5EFD1DFAFDCFE5C" box="[151,216,402,426]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,479,1819]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Drosophila opuhe. A. Right front leg of male, dorsal view. B. Wing. C. Male epandrium and cercus, lateral view. D. Drosophila montgomeryi epandrium and cercus, lateral view. E. Drosophila pisonia cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215230/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4A519EFFC3FFB0F5EFD77DABD2F893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215230/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[151,1436,479,1819]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC3FFB0F5EFD77DABD2F893" blockId="20.[151,1437,1840,1893]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F5EFD77DAE17F8B0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1840,1863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC3FFB0F462D77CAED5F8B1" box="[282,465,1841,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuhe">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F462D77CAED5F8B1" box="[282,465,1841,1863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Drosophila opuhe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Right front leg of male, dorsal view. B. Wing. C. Male epandrium and cercus, lateral view. D.
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC3FFB0F5CED702AEB7F893" box="[182,435,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montgomeryi">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F5CED702AEB7F893" box="[182,435,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Drosophila montgomeryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
epandrium and cercus, lateral view. E.
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC3FFB0F63BD702AB03F893" box="[835,1031,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisonia">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F63BD702AB03F893" box="[835,1031,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Drosophila pisonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cercus, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC3FFB1F5EFD7DCAD3CFF01" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC3FFB1F5EFD7DCAD3CFF01" blockId="20.[151,1436,1937,2034]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,1297]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F5EFD7DCAE15F85C" bold="true" box="[151,273,1937,1962]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is nearly identical to
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC3FFB0F7E4D7DEAC16F85C" box="[668,786,1939,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisonia">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F7E4D7DEAC16F85C" box="[668,786,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. pisonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Hawaii, differing only in the brown coloration of the anepisternum in both sexes (yellow in
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC3FFB0F72DD7FAADCFF838" box="[597,715,1975,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisonia">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F72DD7FAADCFF838" box="[597,715,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. pisonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the unusual elongate dark cerci of the male. The latter is somewhat developed in
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC3FFB0F4D6D796AD63F804" box="[430,615,2011,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montgomeryi">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F4D6D796AD63F804" box="[430,615,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. montgomeryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but to a lesser degree (compare
<figureCitation id="130E1D93FFC3FFB0F695D797AB35F804" box="[1005,1073,2010,2034]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,479,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,479,1819]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Drosophila opuhe. A. Right front leg of male, dorsal view. B. Wing. C. Male epandrium and cercus, lateral view. D. Drosophila montgomeryi epandrium and cercus, lateral view. E. Drosophila pisonia cercus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215230/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
CE);
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC3FFB0F105D796AA32F804" box="[1149,1334,2011,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montgomeryi">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC3FFB0F105D796AA32F804" box="[1149,1334,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. montgomeryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has only a dorsal stripe on the anepisternum and two faint stripes on the mesonotum, and the posterodorsal cilia of the male front tibia only cover the basal 2/3. In
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC2FFB1F7DBD0F0AC09FF22" box="[675,781,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuhe">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F7DBD0F0AC09FF22" box="[675,781,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D. opuhe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the mesonotum lacks stripes and the posterodorsal cilia extend nearly to the apex of the tibia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC2FFB1F5B1D14EADCEFBE3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC2FFB1F5B1D14EACD5FC97" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1297]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F5B1D14EAE5EFEEA" bold="true" box="[201,346,259,284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
Male.
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F4D0D149AEEBFEEA" bold="true" box="[424,495,260,284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Head.</emphasis>
Upper front, ocellar triangle, and orbits brown; lower front paler, yellowish. Frontoorbital setae normal, anterior reclinate about 2/3 as long as the proclinate and 1/3 as long as the posterior reclinate. Face white, gena yellow except for a small brown spot below the eye. Second antennal segment brown, third segment rufous; arista with about 9 dorsal and 4 ventral rays in addition to the apical fork, and numerous long median branches. One strong oral vibrissae; following oral setulae progressively smaller. Palp yellow, broad and flattened, broadest near middle, rounded apically, with a prominent black apical seta, about half as long as the palp. Labellum and mentum yellow.
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F4FCD191AEE0FE02" bold="true" box="[388,484,476,500]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Thorax.</emphasis>
Mesonotum and scutellum entirely yellow to rufous, without dark markings. Pleura broadly brown across the upper half, anepisternum almost entirely brown. Katepisternum and lower third of anepimeron yellow. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 3/4 as long as the posterior.
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F025D269AA98FDCA" bold="true" box="[1373,1436,548,572]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Legs.</emphasis>
Entirely yellow except all coxae tinged with brown. Front tibia with 2 very long curved basal cilia, and rows of about 79 anterodorsal and 810 posterodorsal cilia along its entire length, about equal in length (the two apical posterodorsals short, similar to the dorsal cilia); dorsal surface with a row of about 10 shorter cilia. Front basitarsus about 3/5 as long as tibia, with about 45 long anterodorsal and 6 shorter posterodorsal cilia. Distitarsus without elongate cilia.
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F444D29AAE8AFD06" bold="true" box="[316,398,727,752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Wings.</emphasis>
Marks present at base, over ends of major veins, dm-cu crossvein, and medially on R2+3; the last elongate, twice as long as high. Basal mark moderately large, reaching r-m crossvein. Costal fringe extending about 2/3 the distance between apex of R2+3 and R4+5.
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F782D36FAC72FCCD" bold="true" box="[762,886,802,827]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Each segment with yellow spots anterolaterally, remainder dark brown. Cerci dark brown, about 1.5 times as long as high.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC2FFB1F5B1D320AFC3FC3B" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1297]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Female. Identical to the male with the following exceptions.
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F6F9D323ACC3FC70" bold="true" box="[897,967,878,902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Head.</emphasis>
Palp lacking a distinct apical seta.
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F025D323AA98FC70" bold="true" box="[1373,1436,878,902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Legs.</emphasis>
Front legs without elongate cilia or setae.
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F709D3DCADE9FC5C" bold="true" box="[625,749,913,938]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Ovipositor long, nearly straight, brown, pointed vertically at rest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC2FFB1F5B1D397ADCEFBE3" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1297]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F5B1D397AE6AFC04" bold="true" box="[201,366,985,1010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFC2FFB1F5B1D397AE09FC04" box="[201,269,986,1010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Types</typeStatus>
. Kauai
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="548EBFB4FFC2FFB1F4F8D394AEECFC07" box="[384,488,985,1009]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
3 and allotype Ƥ, Awaawapuhi nr. road,
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFC2FFB1F6A2D394AB35FC07" box="[986,1073,985,1009]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09728" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="ft" value="3600.0">3600 ft</quantity>
., 2004,
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC2FFB1F1F1D397ABC9FC07" box="[1161,1229,986,1009]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F1F1D397ABC9FC07" box="[1161,1229,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Urera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stem reared, Z89,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFC2FFB1F5EFD3B0AE00FBE3" box="[151,260,1021,1045]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55" value="22.144">22.144°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167D1FFC2FFB1F472D3B0AE8FFBE3" box="[266,395,1021,1045]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55" value="-159.648">159.648°W</geoCoordinate>
, S.L. Montgomery (UHIM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC2FFB1F5B1D46CAA1FFBCF" box="[201,1307,1057,1082]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC2FFB1F5B1D46CAA1FFBCF" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1297]" box="[201,1307,1057,1082]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F5B1D46CAEF0FBCC" bold="true" box="[201,500,1057,1082]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
Kauai. Reared from rotting bark of
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC2FFB1F6EAD46FAB23FBCF" box="[914,1063,1057,1081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F6EAD46FAB23FBCF" box="[914,1063,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Urera glabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC2FFB1F138D46CAB83FBCF" box="[1088,1159,1057,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuhe">ōpuhe</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC2FFB1F1EAD46CAA0BFBCF" box="[1170,1295,1057,1081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC2FFB1F5B1D40BAC2AFBAB" box="[201,814,1093,1118]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC2FFB1F5B1D40BAC2AFBAB" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1297]" box="[201,814,1093,1118]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F5B1D40BAE54FBA8" bold="true" box="[201,336,1094,1118]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Hawaiian name of its host plant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F529DFFC2FFB1F5B1D424AE40FAE7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A0116FFC2FFB1F5B1D424AE40FAE7" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1297]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F5B1D424AE4AFB74" bold="true" box="[201,334,1129,1154]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Discussion.</emphasis>
The elevation given on the label is incorrect; it was actually obtained from near Awaawapuhi stream at almost
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFC2FFB1F423D4C0AEB5FB53" box="[347,433,1165,1189]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 ft</quantity>
. (P. OGrady, pers. comm.; this is consistent with “nr. road,” as
<quantity id="4CCDACF3FFC2FFB1F1E8D4C0ABE2FB53" box="[1168,1254,1165,1189]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09728" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="ft" value="3600.0">3600 ft</quantity>
. is about a mile downslope).
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC2FFB1F45FD4FFAE6EFB3F" box="[295,362,1202,1225]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F45FD4FFAE6EFB3F" box="[295,362,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Urera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is uncommon in the Kōkee area, and it is remarkable that this species persists there. Some lowland gulches of the Wailua River drainage have significant stands of
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC2FFB1F6ECD49AACD3FB18" box="[916,983,1239,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F6ECD49AACD3FB18" box="[916,983,1239,1262]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Urera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but have not been extensively surveyed for
<taxonomicName id="4C357A95FFC2FFB1F5C6D4B4AE38FAE7" box="[190,316,1273,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941DD04FFC2FFB1F5C6D4B4AE38FAE7" box="[190,316,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Drosophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>