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<document id="D6461306B2D69687FFD854AB68E7002D" ID-CLB-Dataset="25305" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.562" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f6af87ae-7f5c-482a-8437-cba6bdcf88f5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3474305" ID-ZooBank="6567F621-7A92-4D1A-8902-A1E76325AF94" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1570394176492" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R. &amp; Schuchert, Peter" docDate="2019" docId="03C0D256AD42612EFDCCA6315F0EF8A9" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-562_galea_schuchert.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 562" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Billardia hyalina Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFF9AA2EAD4E6123FFD5A44F5B5CFFB2" masterDocTitle="Some thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1737040101154" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="53D83312EE1213BD96166BC4B312391F">Some thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C0D256AD42612EFDCCA6315F0EF8A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3475279" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159646985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3475279" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0D256AD42612EFDCCA6315F0EF8A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0D256AD42612EFDCCA6315F0EF8A9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" scope_family="Syntheciidae" scope_order="Leptothecata" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Hydroidolina">
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD42612FFDCCA6315F47FD2B" box="[537,1051,638,665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD42612FFDCCA6315F47FD2B" blockId="12.[537,1051,638,700]" box="[537,1051,638,665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD42612FFDCCA6315F47FD2B" box="[537,1051,638,665]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD42612FFDCCA6315F47FD2B" ID-CoL="68KTP" authority="Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003" authorityName="Vervoort &amp; Watson" authorityYear="2003" box="[537,1051,638,665]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Syntheciidae" genus="Billardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD42612FFDCCA63159BBFD2B" bold="true" box="[537,743,638,665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Billardia hyalina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD42612FFD3BA6305F47FD2B" author="Vervoort &amp; Watson" box="[750,1051,639,665]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref40049" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BD66340AD42612FFD10A6ED5833FD0E" blockId="12.[537,1051,638,700]" box="[709,879,673,700]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="13527FC5AD42612FFD10A6ED5857FD0E" box="[709,779,673,700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[354,1240,1184,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[350,1244,1181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Billardia hyalina Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003. A–C. Portion of stem with proximal parts of three consecutive cladia (A), detail of stem apophysis for insertion of hydrotheca (B, note regenerations), hydrotheca (C), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-474. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3474315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3474315/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6EB56FBAD42612FFCCDA6ED5833FD0E" box="[792,879,674,700]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of Billardia hyalina Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003, in µm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1633C8AD43612EFF68A5435F0CFE94" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF1633C8AD43612EFF68A5435F0CFE94">Table 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD42612FFF68A6AC58CAFD4F" box="[189,918,739,766]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD42612FFF68A6AC58CAFD4F" blockId="12.[189,918,739,766]" box="[189,918,739,766]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB79446EAD42612FFF68A6AC58CAFD4F" box="[189,918,739,766]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD42612FFF68A6AC59AEFD4F" authority="Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 413" authorityName="Vervoort &amp; Watson" authorityPageNumber="413" authorityYear="2003" box="[189,754,739,766]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Syntheciidae" genus="Billardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hialina">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD42612FFF68A6AC5ADCFD4F" box="[189,384,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Billardia hialina</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC84551AD42612FFE52A6AB59AEFD4F" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[391,754,739,766]" page="413" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD42612FFE52A6AB59AEFD4F" author="Vervoort &amp; Watson" box="[391,754,739,766]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref40049" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 413</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 102A–C.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD42612FFF68A76B5FDAFC06" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD42612FFF68A76B5AF6FC8C" blockId="12.[189,426,804,830]" box="[189,426,804,830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD42612FFF68A76B5AF6FC8C" bold="true" box="[189,426,804,830]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD42612FFF68A76B5AF6FC8C" bold="true" box="[189,426,804,830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD42612FFF68A71C5FDAFC06" blockId="12.[189,1398,851,948]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="3B01691DAD42612FFF68A71C5FDEFC06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2424121613" collectingDate="2017-09-23" collectionCode="MK" country="New Caledonia" elevation="380" latitude="-20.083334" location="New Caledonia" longLatPrecision="1269" longitude="158.88333" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED78FB85AD42612FFF68A71C5AC0FCDF" box="[189,412,851,877]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PACIFIC OCEAN</collectionCode>
• a colony without gonothecae,
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD42612FFCE4A71C58DAFCDC" box="[817,902,851,878]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
high; off
<collectingCountry id="F37E23D0AD42612FFBD2A71B5F98FCDF" box="[1031,1220,851,878]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, stn DW5041;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D0587AD42612FFF68A73B5A7FFC22" box="[189,291,884,912]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-20.083334">20°05′ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D0587AD42612FFEE5A73B5AF4FC23" box="[304,424,884,913]" degrees="158" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="158.88333">158°53′ E</geoCoordinate>
; 410–
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD42612FFE25A7395961FC23" box="[496,573,886,913]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="380.0">
<elevation id="00448473AD42612FFE25A7395961FC23" box="[496,573,886,913]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="380.0">380 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD74580AD42612FFD9CA73959BAFC22" box="[585,742,886,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-09-23">
<collectingDate id="EF93BC68AD42612FFD9CA73959BAFC22" box="[585,742,886,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2017-09-23">23 Sep. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
; KANADEEP leg.; a portion of stolon was removed for DNA extraction, DNA 1394; barcode identifier
<accessionNumber id="943AFEA3AD42612FFD3EA7D6582AFC01" box="[747,886,921,947]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK073106" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectionCode id="ED78FB85AD42612FFD3EA7D65847FC01" box="[747,795,921,947]" country="Kenya" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MK</collectionCode>
<date id="FFD74580AD42612FFCCEA7D6582AFC01" box="[795,886,921,947]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="06-07-31">073106</date>
</accessionNumber>
; MNHN-IK-2015-474
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD42612EFF68A7945F85FAA0" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD42612FFF68A7945A12FC47" blockId="12.[189,334,987,1013]" box="[189,334,987,1013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD42612FFF68A7945A12FC47" bold="true" box="[189,334,987,1013]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD42612FFF68A7945A12FC47" bold="true" box="[189,334,987,1013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD42612EFF68A0465F85FAA0" blockId="12.[189,1399,1033,1130]" lastBlockId="13.[189,1399,902,1299]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Colony erect, up to
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD42612FFE69A046594EFB96" box="[444,530,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
high, arising from creeping, branching, tortuous stolon. Stem simple, monosiphonic, composed of a short (ca
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD42612FFD40A0625993FBF5" box="[661,719,1069,1095]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long), proximal, smooth part, and a distal, comparatively longer hydrothecate and hydrocladiate part, the latter divided almost regularly into internodes by means of transverse nodes; each internode slightly geniculate, composed of an indistinct apophysis supporting a cladium, an axillary hydrotheca associated to it, and two alternate hydrothecae above. Cladia generally alternate, coplanar, usually unbranched, divided into internodes by means of transverse nodes; up to
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD43612EFE86A7BA5AFFFBA2" box="[339,419,1013,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
long and composed of up to ten hydrothecae internodes; first internode with a long, athecate, proximal part and two alternate hydrothecae distally; remainder of hydrocladium composed of internodes with three successive, alternate hydrothecae. Hydrothecae with the same shape and size on both stem and cladia; borne on short apophyses, often renovated several times; exceedingly long, tapering imperceptibly from aperture to base, slightly asymmetrical, proximal adaxial wall slightly more convex than abaxial wall, elsewhere both straight; base with annular constriction to which the base of the hydranth attaches; rim circular, not everted; perisarc thin, smooth, transparent and easily collapsible; hydranths without caecum, with 20–22 long, filiform tentacles. Gonothecae not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1633C8AD42612FFF68A3C55E2BF859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3474315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3474315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3474315/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[354,1240,1184,1894]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD42612FFF68A3C55E2BF859" blockId="12.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD42612FFF68A3C55A57F816" bold="true" box="[189,267,1930,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD42612FFEC1A3C5584BF816" authority="Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003" authorityName="Vervoort &amp; Watson" authorityYear="2003" box="[276,791,1930,1956]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD42612FFEC1A3C55A81F816" box="[276,477,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Billardia hyalina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD42612FFE30A3C5584BF816" author="Vervoort &amp; Watson" box="[485,791,1930,1956]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref40049" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD42612FFCF6A3C55800F816" bold="true" box="[803,860,1930,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A–C</emphasis>
. Portion of stem with proximal parts of three consecutive cladia (A), detail of stem apophysis for insertion of hydrotheca (B, note regenerations), hydrotheca (C), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-474. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 µm; C = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1633C8AD43612EFF68A5435F0CFE94" ID-Table-UUID="DF1633C8AD43612EFF68A5435F0CFE94" box="[189,1104,267,294]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1633C8AD43612EFF68A5435F0CFE94" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[189,1357,331,830]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD43612EFF68A5435F0CFE94" blockId="13.[189,1104,267,294]" box="[189,1104,267,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD43612EFF68A5435A43FE97" bold="true" box="[189,287,267,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 2.</emphasis>
Measurements of
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD43612EFE2CA54458ABFE97" authority="Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003" authorityName="Vervoort &amp; Watson" authorityYear="2003" box="[505,1015,267,294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD43612EFE2CA544599DFE97" box="[505,705,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Billardia hyalina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD43612EFD1DA54358ABFE97" author="Vervoort &amp; Watson" box="[712,1015,267,294]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref40049" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD43612EFD34A5035FBAFC8F" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFD34A5045827FED6" box="[737,891,331,356]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD43612EFD34A5035827FED6" bold="true" box="[737,891,332,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Present study</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFBF4A5045E11FED6" box="[1057,1357,331,356]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD43612EFBF4A5035E11FED1" author="Vervoort &amp; Watson" box="[1057,1357,331,356]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref40049" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD43612EFBF4A5035E11FED1" bold="true" box="[1057,1357,331,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A5365E11FE23" box="[189,1357,377,401]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A5365E11FE23" box="[189,1357,377,401]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD43612EFF68A5365BABFE23" bold="true" box="[189,247,377,401]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Stem</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A5E95E11FE0D" box="[189,1357,422,447]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A5E95AA7FE0D" box="[189,507,422,447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">- internode length</th>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFD34A5E95827FE0D" box="[737,891,422,447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2370–2695</td>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFBF4A5E95E11FE0D" box="[1057,1357,422,447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2870–3200</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A59B5E11FE5E" box="[189,1357,468,492]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A59B5AA7FE5E" box="[189,507,468,492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">- diameter at node</th>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFD34A59B5827FE5E" box="[737,891,468,492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">240–590</td>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFBF4A59B5E11FE5E" box="[1057,1357,468,492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">215–375 (basally 490)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A64E5E11FDAB" box="[189,1357,513,537]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A64E5E11FDAB" box="[189,1357,513,537]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD43612EFF68A64E5A55FDAB" bold="true" box="[189,265,513,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cladia</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A6635E11FDF5" box="[189,1357,556,583]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A6635AA7FDF5" box="[189,507,556,583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">- length of 1st internode</th>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFD34A6635827FDF5" box="[737,891,556,583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1340–1830</td>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFBF4A6635E11FDF5" box="[1057,1357,556,583]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A6195E11FD3C" box="[189,1357,598,654]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A6195AA7FD3C" box="[189,507,598,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">- distance between successive hydrothecae</th>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFD34A6195827FD3C" box="[737,891,598,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">605–1170</td>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFBF4A6195E11FD3C" box="[1057,1357,598,654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A6D25E11FD04" box="[189,1357,669,694]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A6D25AA7FD04" box="[189,507,669,694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">- diameter at node</th>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFD34A6D25827FD04" box="[737,891,669,694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">155–210</td>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFBF4A6D25E11FD04" box="[1057,1357,669,694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A6845E11FD51" box="[189,1357,715,739]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A6845E11FD51" box="[189,1357,715,739]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD43612EFF68A6845A1FFD51" bold="true" box="[189,323,715,739]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hydrotheca</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A6B75E11FCA2" box="[189,1357,760,784]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A6B75AA7FCA2" box="[189,507,760,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">- total depth</th>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFD34A6B75827FCA2" box="[737,891,760,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">945–1190</td>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFBF4A6B75E11FCA2" box="[1057,1357,760,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1230–1395</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD439EDCFF68A76A5E11FC8C" box="[189,1357,805,830]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="7688087EAD439EDCFF68A76A5AA7FC8C" box="[189,507,805,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">- diameter at rim</th>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFD34A76A5827FC8C" box="[737,891,805,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">315–355</td>
<td id="7688087EAD439EDCFBF4A76A5E11FC8C" box="[1057,1357,805,830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">325–345</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD43612EFF68A1735A95F915" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD43612EFF68A1735A73FAE4" blockId="13.[189,303,1340,1366]" box="[189,303,1340,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD43612EFF68A1735A73FAE4" bold="true" box="[189,303,1340,1366]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD43612EFF68A1735A73FAE4" bold="true" box="[189,303,1340,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD43612EFF68A1235AA1FA19" blockId="13.[189,1399,1388,1451]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The exceedingly long, almost tubular hydrothecae, with easily collapsible perisarc, are diagnostic (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD43612EFF10A1DE5AADFA19" author="Vervoort &amp; Watson" box="[197,497,1425,1451]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref40049" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD43612EFF68A19B5A95F915" blockId="13.[189,1399,1492,1703]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Occasionally, the stem internodes bear three alternate hydrothecae (instead of only two) above the axillar hydrotheca; consequently, the cladia flanking them are given off on the same side of the stem. Similarly, two cladia separated by an axillary stem hydrotheca were found. Aberrant, additional, ‘twin’ cladia are given off at the same level from the lower half of the stem, and point towards either the frontal or dorsal sides of the colony. Moreover, one distal cladium shows the beginning of secondary branching below one of its hydrothecae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD43612EFF68A29F5F0EF8A9" box="[189,1106,1744,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD43612EFF68A29F5A0AF958" blockId="13.[189,342,1744,1770]" box="[189,342,1744,1770]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD43612EFF68A29F5A0AF958" bold="true" box="[189,342,1744,1770]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD43612EFF68A29F5A0AF958" bold="true" box="[189,342,1744,1770]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD43612EFF68A34F5F0EF8A9" blockId="13.[189,1106,1792,1819]" box="[189,1106,1792,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Norfolk Ridge (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD43612EFEA3A34F59FEF8A8" author="Vervoort &amp; Watson" box="[374,674,1792,1819]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref40049" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
), off
<collectingCountry id="F37E23D0AD43612EFD0AA34E58C8F8A8" box="[735,916,1792,1819]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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