131 lines
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131 lines
16 KiB
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<document id="96A519C305A2D1A3B622FFC8CFCDDCC6" ID-DOI="10.26879/1220" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962250" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1712859670786" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle" docDate="2024" docId="03B387E8FFA43207866BFD4E9A91FCA6" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.27.1.a2.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.4:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lampropeltis similis Holman 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FF8AFF90FFA8320B8770FFDA9964FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1715215045661" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="EA4546A1D4EF205ABF1CF27C16A076C5">Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A3C437D30D524FB16A6C24C7F6CE0F7">Jacisin Iii, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="72D0BE1899767EA22080F71E638DE0CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AC2C72C48FCD45BDFF1B5F4582C6411E">Lawing, A. Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D822C026579DCDE60E714A2F87D8401E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="80C9237DD99B40E8E29C1F5AD1CB190B">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E82066BBE7BE3E04311446CA881F5298">
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<mods:date id="BB11D93345876A8D0AAC7D19721203C1">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="48791B0E106D88459C7D98B1D8E0B09E">a 2</mods:title>
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<mods:detail id="23D14CEF535BF64F47903635E71F9070" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="54D707E672909FCC913F53F5843B71F6">27</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5CB7F80AB894AEC9892D66631DDE3BC8">http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="16EA314CA53ED9655B07477B9C0A7C57">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="49B4ACD54E13E6B2FFB9E3178B1BD801" type="DOI">10.26879/1220</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D068EDB18DDF792BC280B7BD79C520BA" type="ISSN">1094-8074</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387E8FFA43207866BFD4E9A91FCA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387E8FFA43207866BFD4E9A91FCA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387E8FFA43207866BFD4E9A91FCA6" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA43207866BFD4E9BD9FD7C" box="[283,701,657,685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA43207866BFD4E9BD9FD7C" blockId="12.[283,701,657,717]" box="[283,701,657,685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0ED8192FFA43207866BFD4E9BD9FD7C" box="[283,701,657,685]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA43207866BFD4E9BD5FD74" authority="Holman, 1964" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1964" box="[283,689,660,685]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA43207866BFD4E9B60FD74" box="[283,516,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lampropeltis similis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA43207857BFD4E9BD5FD74" author="Holman, J. A." box="[523,689,660,685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="631 - 637" refId="ref19619" refString="Holman, J. A. 1964. Fossil snakes from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska. Copeia, 1964: 631 - 637. https: // doi. org / 1441438" type="journal article" year="1964">Holman, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<superScript id="7C6F9BB6FFA4320785C1FD4B9BD9FD7C" attach="none" box="[689,701,657,677]" fontSize="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">†</superScript>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA4320786CBFD6E9B79FD14" box="[443,541,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA4320786CBFD6E9B79FD14" blockId="12.[283,701,657,717]" box="[443,541,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<figureCitation id="13212A7BFFA4320786CBFD6E9B79FD14" box="[443,541,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[192,283,1624,1647]" captionTargetBox="[190,1437,166,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-83@13.[190,1437,166,1605]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Trunk vertebra of Lampropeltis similis from the Penny Creek local fauna. From top left: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, and lateral views (anterior to the left). Scale bar equals 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10962264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10962264/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA4320787B0FD049879FCCE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA4320787B0FD049879FCCE" blockId="12.[192,793,734,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320787B0FD049848FD2E" bold="true" box="[192,300,734,759]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED0BAE3BFFA432078644FD0498E6FD21" box="[308,386,734,760]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">UNSM</collectionCode>
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139982 (14 pre-cloacal trunk vertebrae).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA4320787B0FCC49ADAFF06" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA4320787B0FCC498B0FBAE" blockId="12.[192,793,734,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320787B0FCC4983EFCEE" bold="true" box="[192,346,798,823]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
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In anterior view, the neural arch is moderately vaulted. The cotyle is a depressed oval bordered by deeply excavated pits, and is slightly larger than the ventrally restricted, inverted Ushaped neural canal. The zygosphene curves dorsally, and the prezygapophyseal articular facets tilt slightly upward. The diapophyses and parapophyses are distinct elements of the parapophyses, with the latter portion more distally pointed than the former; however, they are not as clearly separated as in most other colubrids.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA43207878AFBA49844FA2E" blockId="12.[192,793,734,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">In dorsal view, the vertebrae are approximately as long as they are wide at the prezygapophyses, and the width at the well-developed, rounded prezygapophyseal accessory processes is greater than it is long through the zygapophyses. The neural spine tilts slightly ventrally in its anterior portion. The prezygapophyseal articular facets are oval to ovoid and slightly tilted upward. The epizygapophyseal spines are absent. The anterior edge of the zygosphene is slightly convex to slightly sinuate; the posterior notch of the zygosphene is Vshaped.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA43207878AFA249876F9AE" blockId="12.[192,793,734,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">In lateral view, the neural spine is significantly longer than it is tall, and dips slightly downward cranially. The hemal keel is visible and quite strong.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA43207878AF9A49819F90E" blockId="12.[192,793,734,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">In posterior view, the neural arch is moderately vaulted, and the condyle is a dorso-ventrally depressed oval.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA43207878AF9049ADAFF06" blockId="12.[192,793,734,1879]" lastBlockId="12.[840,1441,166,895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">In ventral view, the strong hemal keel is spatulate or oblong in shape, but not wide throughout most of its length. Subcentral ridges are present and concave from below, but not exceptionally developed. The postzygapophyseal articular facets are ovoid.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA432078438FF3C9A91FCA6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA432078438FF3C9A91FCA6" blockId="12.[840,1441,166,895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078438FF3C9AA4FF26" bold="true" box="[840,960,230,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
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These vertebrae in particular appear to be more similar to the general morphology of the milksnakes of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078343FEFC9C32FEE6" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1075,1366,294,319]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangulum">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078343FEFC9C32FEE6" box="[1075,1366,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lampropeltis triangulum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex or the kingsnake
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA43207832CFE9C9C1CFE86" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[1116,1400,326,351]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calligaster">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA43207832CFE9C9C1CFE86" box="[1116,1400,326,351]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lampropeltis calligaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as opposed to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078374FEBC9D10FEA6" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1028,1140,358,383]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alterna">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078374FEBC9D10FEA6" box="[1028,1140,358,383]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. alterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA4320783EDFEBC9CC4FEA6" box="[1181,1440,358,383]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyromelana-zonata">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320783EDFEBC9CC4FEA6" box="[1181,1440,358,383]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. pyromelana-zonata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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groupings. They possess long neural spines, moderately depressed neural arches, distinct hemal keels with deep subcentral grooves, and robust, distinct subcentral ridges (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA4320783F0FE3C9C56FE26" author="Parmley, D." box="[1152,1330,486,511]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="266 - 274" refId="ref21929" refString="Parmley, D. 1990. Late Pleistocene snakes from Fowlkes Cave, Culberson County, Texas. Journal of Herpetology, 24: 266 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564393" type="journal article" year="1990">Parmley, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA43207824EFE3C9D7AFDC6" author="Parmley, D. & Hunter, K. B." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="526 - 543" refId="ref22088" refString="Parmley, D. and Hunter, K. B. 2010. Fossil Snakes of the Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Pratt Slide Local Fauna of Nebraska, with the description of a new natricine colubrid. Journal of Herpetology, 44: 526 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 09 - 248.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Parmley and Hunter, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). More specifically,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078275FDDC9C08FDC6" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1964" box="[1285,1388,518,543]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078275FDDC9C08FDC6" box="[1285,1388,518,543]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. similis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has previously been described as similar in appearance to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA4320784C8FD9C9D3FFD86" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[952,1115,582,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangulum">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320784C8FD9C9D3FFD86" box="[952,1115,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. triangulum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; however,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA43207839DFD9C9C38FD86" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1964" box="[1261,1372,582,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA43207839DFD9C9C38FD86" box="[1261,1372,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. similis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possesses a less depressed neural arch in the trunk region (more similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA4320783D7FD5C9C58FD46" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[1191,1340,646,671]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calligaster">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320783D7FD5C9C58FD46" box="[1191,1340,646,671]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. calligaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) with an inverse U-shaped rather than depressed ovoidshaped neural canal, a thinner hemal keel.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA432078234FD1C9AF1FD26" author="Holman, J. A." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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also stated a centrum that “is not as triangular from below” as an additional apomorphy for
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA4320782FAFCDC9AF4FCE6" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1964" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320782FAFCDC9AF4FCE6" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. similis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but we are unable to confirm this as a consistent character throughout the vertebral column of the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |