446 lines
60 KiB
XML
446 lines
60 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7D340D689B91DE4E4ACC36E820159E07">Fairy moths of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) of India and Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D77E26C3656DD4AC76D117A474028FEC">Kozlov, Mikhail V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="BEF0930467E2EC72558DA3E0357611C5">
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<mods:date id="C6CFCEDFC148354270D7B53EF9F618E8">2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC62AED1C70E9A7FAA3" ID-CoL="468QM" ID-ENA="3028323" authority="(Meyrick, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,672,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62AED1C70E9A7FAA3" bold="true" box="[151,672,1363,1390]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62AED1C70EAD4FAA3" bold="true" box="[151,467,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nemophora smaragdaspis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA39FFC62B981C77E99FFAA3" author="Meyrick, E." box="[482,664,1364,1390]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="65 - 96" refId="ref64930" refString="Meyrick, E. (1924) Exotic Microlepidoptera. Vol. 3 (3). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 65 - 96." type="book chapter" year="1924">Meyrick, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006556FA39FFC62AED1C5BEACAFA5F" box="[151,461,1400,1427]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA39FFC62AED1C5BEACAFA5F" blockId="46.[151,672,1363,1427]" box="[151,461,1400,1427]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13212A58FA39FFC62AE51C5BEA24FA5F" box="[159,291,1400,1426]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–62" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-28@64.[151,1436,181,1469]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 57–62.Adults of Nemophora spp. 57, N. fletcherella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India; 58, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Tonglu, West Bengal, India; 59, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907), male, paralectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 60, ditto, female, paralectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 61, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924), male, from Jubing, Nepal; 62, ditto, female, from Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Scale: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012792/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 61, 62</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13212A58FA39FFC62B541C5BEA5EFA5E" box="[302,345,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–108" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,187,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-15@67.[151,1435,181,1320]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 93–108. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 93, N. scitulella (Walker, 1864); 94, N. chrysocrossa (Meyrick, 1922); 95, N. amphimetalla (Meyrick, 1912); 96, N. ferruginea Kozlov, sp. nov.; 97, N. pyrotechna (Meyrick, 1912); 98, N. kashmirella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 99, N. solstitiella (Walsingham in Walsingham & Durrant, 1900), typical form; 100, N. fuscomaculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 101, N. nitidulella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 102, N. fletcherella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 103, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov.; 104, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907); 105, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924); 106, N. chrysidias (Meyrick, 1928); 107, N. athlophora (Meyrick, 1912), typical form; 108, N. costimaculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012800/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">105</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13212A58FA39FFC62B1E1C5BEA88FA5F" box="[356,399,1400,1426]" captionStart="FIGURES 134–139" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,183,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-28@72.[164,1423,181,1864]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 134–139. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 134, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov.; 135, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907); 136, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924); 137, N. chrysidias (Meyrick, 1928); 138, N. athlophora (Meyrick, 1912); 139, N. costimaculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012810/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">136</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13212A58FA39FFC62BE01C5BEAC3FA5F" box="[410,452,1400,1426]" captionStart="FIGURES 163–166" captionStartId="79.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,199,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-20@79.[177,1411,199,1843]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 163–166. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 163, N. fletcherella Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India, gen. prep. 30659 (NHM); 164, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, Tonglu, West Bengal, India, gen. prep. 30642 (NHM); 165, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907), from Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India, gen. prep. 30661 (NHM); 166, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924), from Shillong, Meghalaya, India, gen. prep. 30651 (NHM); a: genital complex, ventral view; b: phallus; c: apex of phallus. Scale: 0.2 mm (valid for a and b only)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012824/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">166</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3006556FA39FFC62AED1CE2E984FA17" box="[151,643,1472,1498]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A11F3FA39FFC62AED1CE2E984FA17" box="[151,643,1472,1498]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10CCFA39FFC62AED1CE2E978FA17" author="Meyrick, E." box="[151,639,1472,1498]" page="79" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1924">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC62AED1CE2E978FA17" ID-CoL="97MSK" authority=": Meyrick 1924: 79" authorityName=": Meyrick" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,639,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemotois" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
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<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62AED1CE2EAABFA17" box="[151,428,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nemotois smaragdaspis:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA39FFC62BC91CE3E978FA17" author="Meyrick, E." box="[435,639,1472,1498]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="65 - 96" refId="ref64930" refString="Meyrick, E. (1924) Exotic Microlepidoptera. Vol. 3 (3). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 65 - 96." type="book chapter" year="1924">Meyrick 1924: 79</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3006556FA39FFC628F31CE3EF22F937" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA39FFC628F31CE3E910F943" blockId="46.[151,1437,1472,1787]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC628F31CE3E9F3FA17" bold="true" box="[649,756,1472,1498]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<typeStatus id="54A1887FFA39FFC628F31CE3E9F3FA17" box="[649,756,1472,1498]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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♁:
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<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA39FFC629661CE3E851FA17" box="[796,854,1472,1498]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49DEF83FFA39FFC6291B1CE3E8DAFA17" box="[865,989,1472,1498]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
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, Shillong (
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25
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<superScript id="7C6F9B95FA39FFC62E151CE3EF70FA03" attach="left" box="[1135,1143,1472,1486]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">o</superScript>
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34′ N
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2E501AFA39FFC62EBC1CE3EE2CFA17" box="[1222,1323,1472,1500]" degrees="91" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="91.88333">
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91
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<superScript id="7C6F9B95FA39FFC62E9B1CE3EFEEFA03" attach="left" box="[1249,1257,1472,1486]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">o</superScript>
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53′ E
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</geoCoordinate>
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); labelled:
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circle with red border, print ‘Holo-│ type’; 6 ×
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, black ink ‘Shillong │
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<collectingRegion id="49DEF83FFA39FFC62EE31CC7EFE3FA33" box="[1177,1252,1508,1534]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Assam</collectingRegion>
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│ TBF[letcher]. 5000'. 6.[19]24’; 13 ×
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, black ink + print ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC6297D1F2BE871F9EF" box="[775,886,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemotois" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nemotois</taxonomicName>
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│ smaragdaspis │ 1/1 Meyr. │ E. Meyrick det. │ in Meyrick Coll.’; 6 ×
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, print ‘Meyrick Coll. │ B. M. 1938–290’; 3 ×
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<quantity id="4CE29B38FA39FFC62E401F0FEF8EF98A" box="[1082,1161,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
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, black ink ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC62F7E1F0FEA39F9A7" authority="Meyr." authorityName=": Meyrick" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemotois" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">smaragdaspis Meyr.</taxonomicName>
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’; 8 ×
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, print ‘
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<typeStatus id="54A1887FFA39FFC628681F73E9AFF9A7" box="[530,680,1616,1642]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
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♁ │
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<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC6289F1F72E8B4F9A7" box="[741,947,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC6289F1F72E848F9A7" box="[741,847,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemotois" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nemotois</taxonomicName>
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||
smarag-
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
│
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC629AF1F73EF1AF9A7" box="[981,1053,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">daspis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA39FFC62E5E1F73EFCEF9A7" author="Meyrick, E." box="[1060,1225,1616,1642]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="65 - 96" refId="ref64930" refString="Meyrick, E. (1924) Exotic Microlepidoptera. Vol. 3 (3). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 65 - 96." type="book chapter" year="1924">Meyrick, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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│ teste M. Kozlov 2005’ (NHM) [examined].
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||
</paragraph>
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||
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|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10CCFA39FFC62AED1FBAE97EF97F" author="Clarke, J. F. G." box="[151,633,1688,1715]" page="287" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1955">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC62AED1FBAE97EF97F" ID-CoL="97MSK" authority=": Clarke 1955: 287" authorityName="Clarke" authorityPageNumber="287" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,633,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemotois" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62AED1FBAEAAAF97F" box="[151,429,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nemotois smaragdaspis:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA39FFC62BCE1FBBE97EF97F" author="Clarke, J. F. G." box="[436,633,1688,1715]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref62610" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1955) Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. Vol. 1. The British Museum (Natural History), London, 332 pp." type="book" year="1955">Clarke 1955: 287</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA39FFC62AED1F9FEF22F937" blockId="46.[151,1437,1472,1787]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A11F3FA39FFC62AED1F9FEF22F937" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10CCFA39FFC62AED1F9FE9B8F91B" author="Diakonoff, A." box="[151,703,1724,1751]" page="171" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1951">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC62AED1F9FE9B8F91B" ID-CoL="468QM" authority=": Diakonoff 1951: 171" authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityPageNumber="171" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,703,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62AED1F9FEACFF91B" box="[151,456,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nemophora smaragdaspis:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA39FFC62BAA1F9FE9B8F91B" author="Diakonoff, A." box="[464,703,1724,1751]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="133 - 182" refId="ref62785" refString="Diakonoff, A. (1951) Records and descriptions of Microlepidoptera. Treubia, 21, 133 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.14203 / treubia. v 21 i 1.2651" type="journal article" year="1951">Diakonoff 1951: 171</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10CCFA39FFC628B61F9FEF7BF91A" author="Hirowatari, T. & Yamamoto, H." box="[716,1148,1724,1751]" page="30" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA39FFC628B61F9FEF7BF91A" author="Hirowatari, T. & Yamamoto, H." box="[716,1148,1724,1751]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="30 - 35" refId="ref63225" refString="Hirowatari, T. & Yamamoto, H. (2004) Discovery of Nemophora smaragdaspis (Meyrick) (Adelidae) from Akiyoshidai, Japan. Tinea, 18 (1), 30 - 35." type="journal article" year="2004">Hirowatari & Yamamoto 2004: 30–35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10CCFA39FFC62EF21F9FEE5FF91B" author="Ji, E. & Lee, S. & Park, K. T. & Cho, S." box="[1160,1368,1724,1750]" page="896" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA39FFC62EF21F9FEE5FF91B" author="Ji, E. & Lee, S. & Park, K. T. & Cho, S." box="[1160,1368,1724,1750]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="896 - 902" refId="ref63567" refString="Ji, E., Lee, S., Park, K. T. & Cho, S. (2018) Seven species of Adelidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 21 (3), 896 - 902. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2018.05.013" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ji
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62ED91F9EEFDBF91B" box="[1187,1244,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018: 896
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 898– 900;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10CCFA39FFC62B541FC2E93DF936" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6670878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6670878" author="Das, A. & Singh, N." box="[302,570,1760,1787]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/697887AA740CFFF141D9FBB9507EFB7D" page="265" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="2022">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA39FFC62B541FC2E93DF936" author="Das, A. & Singh, N." box="[302,570,1760,1787]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="251 - 270" refId="ref62701" refString="Das, A. & Singh, N. (2022) An annotated catalogue of nonditrysian Lepidoptera of India. Zootaxa, 5154 (3), 251 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5154.3.1 [Denis, M. & Schifferm ¸ ller, I.] (1775) Ankundung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlinge der Wienergegend. Vlg. Augustin Bernardi, Wien, 323 pp., 3 pl." type="book chapter" year="2022">Das & Singh 2022: 265</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10CCFA39FFC6283C1FC3E8B6F937" author="Hirowatari, T. & Yagi, S. & Liao, C. - Q. & Huang, G. - H. & Wang, M." box="[582,945,1760,1786]" page="391" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="2022">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA39FFC6283C1FC3E8B6F937" author="Hirowatari, T. & Yagi, S. & Liao, C. - Q. & Huang, G. - H. & Wang, M." box="[582,945,1760,1786]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="391 - 400" refId="ref63316" refString="Hirowatari, T., Yagi, S., Liao, C. - Q., Huang, G. - H. & Wang, M. (2022) Discovery of Nemophora chrysoprasias Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) from China, with notes on its related species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 15 (3), 391 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. japb. 2022.04.009" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Hirowatari
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC628BC1FC2E9F9F937" box="[710,766,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022: 391–392
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 396–399.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006556FA39FFC62AED1E01EF55F864" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA39FFC62AED1E01EF55F864" blockId="46.[151,1437,1826,2033]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62AED1E01EA4CF8F1" bold="true" box="[151,331,1826,1852]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723C80FA39FFC62B231E00EFEEF8F0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4128758334" box="[345,1257,1826,1855]" collectingDate="1928-06-18" collectingDateMax="1928-06-23" collectingDateMin="1928-06-18" collectionCode="NHM" collectorName="Khasi Hills" country="India" elevation="1650" location="Meghalaya" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Meghalaya">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA39FFC62B231E00EA91F8F0" box="[345,406,1827,1853]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF83FFA39FFC62BD81E00E918F8F0" box="[418,543,1827,1853]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
|
||
. 2 ♁
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD54FA39FFC628211E00E983F8F0" box="[603,644,1827,1853]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26EF530BFA39FFC628E81E00E817F8F0" box="[658,784,1827,1853]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Khasi Hills</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B38FA39FFC629661E01E876F8F0" box="[796,881,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1650.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0037D1EEFA39FFC629661E01E876F8F0" box="[796,881,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1650.0">1650 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA4101DFA39FFC629071E00EF1CF8F0" box="[893,1051,1827,1853]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1928-06-18" valueMax="1928-06-23" valueMin="1928-06-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9F5FA39FFC629071E00EF1CF8F0" box="[893,1051,1827,1853]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1928-06-18" valueMax="1928-06-23" valueMin="1928-06-18">18–23.vi.1928</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(Fletcher) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE18FA39FFC62EE11E00EFE6F8F0" box="[1179,1249,1827,1853]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">NHM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723C80FA39FFC62E8F1E00EA6EF8AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4128758505" collectingDate="1899-07" collectingDateMax="1899-08-31" collectingDateMin="1899-07" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Khasi Hills" country="India" elevation="1650" location="Meghalaya" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Meghalaya">
|
||
1 ♁, ibid.,
|
||
<date id="FFA4101DFA39FFC62F111E00EBFEF8AC" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1899-07" valueMax="1899-08-31" valueMin="1899-07-00">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9F5FA39FFC62F111E00EBFEF8AC" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1899-07" valueMax="1899-08-31" valueMin="1899-07-00">vii.‒ viii.1899</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE18FA39FFC62B7D1E64EA66F8AC" box="[263,353,1863,1889]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723C80FA39FFC62B091E64E80DF8AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4128758332" box="[371,778,1863,1891]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Shillong" country="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1">
|
||
2 ♁,
|
||
<collectorName id="26EF530BFA39FFC62BD31E64E90FF8AC" box="[425,520,1863,1889]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Shillong</collectorName>
|
||
, 29.v. (Singh) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE18FA39FFC628D71E64E805F8AC" box="[685,770,1863,1889]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723C80FA39FFC6296E1E64EE4CF8AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4128758393" box="[788,1355,1862,1891]" country="India" elevation="1219" location="Bihar" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bihar">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF83FFA39FFC6296E1E64E855F8AC" box="[788,850,1863,1889]" country="India" name="Bihar" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bihar</collectingRegion>
|
||
. 1 ♁, Parasnath Hill,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B38FA39FFC62E431E64EF8DF8AC" box="[1081,1162,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="4000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0037D1EEFA39FFC62E431E64EF8DF8AC" box="[1081,1162,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 ft</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 1858 (Atkinson)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723C80FA39FFC62F2E1E64E83EF848" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4128758484" collectingDate="2000-04-20" country="Nepal" elevation="1500" location="Nepal" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA39FFC62F2E1E64EE9EF8AC" box="[1364,1433,1863,1889]" name="Nepal" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
. 2 ♁, N of Pokhara, Ghale Gaun,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B38FA39FFC628731E49E967F848" box="[521,608,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1500.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0037D1EEFA39FFC628731E49E967F848" box="[521,608,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA4101DFA39FFC628161E48E9D8F848" box="[620,735,1899,1925]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2000-04-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9F5FA39FFC628161E48E9D8F848" box="[620,735,1899,1925]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2000-04-20">20.iv.2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(Allen)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723C80FA39FFC6293F1E48EA87F864" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4128758460" collectingDate="1984-06-02" collectionCode="NHM" collectorName="Godaveri" country="Nepal" elevation="1625" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD54FA39FFC6293F1E48E876F848" box="[837,881,1899,1925]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26EF530BFA39FFC629051E48E8E0F848" box="[895,999,1899,1925]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Godaveri</collectorName>
|
||
, mixed forest,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B38FA39FFC62EF71E49EE2EF848" box="[1165,1321,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1625.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1550.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0037D1EEFA39FFC62EF71E49EE2EF848" box="[1165,1321,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1625.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1550.0">1550–1700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA4101DFA39FFC62F4F1E48EE9BF848" box="[1333,1436,1899,1925]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1984-06-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9F5FA39FFC62F4F1E48EE9BF848" box="[1333,1436,1899,1925]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1984-06-02">2.vi.1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(Allen) (all in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE18FA39FFC62B491EACEA7FF864" box="[307,376,1935,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">NHM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723C80FA39FFC62BF31EACEF49F864" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4128758340" box="[393,1102,1935,1963]" collectingDate="1984-05-03" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="Dierl" country="Nepal" elevation="1600" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 ♁,
|
||
<collectorName id="26EF530BFA39FFC62BBA1EACE925F864" box="[448,546,1935,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Prov. Nr.</collectorName>
|
||
3
|
||
<collectorName id="26EF530BFA39FFC628461EACE96AF864" box="[572,621,1935,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">East</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26EF530BFA39FFC628021EACE9E7F864" box="[632,736,1935,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Jumbling</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B38FA39FFC628911EACE847F864" box="[747,832,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0037D1EEFA39FFC628911EACE847F864" box="[747,832,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA4101DFA39FFC629311EACE8AFF864" box="[843,936,1935,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1984-05-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9F5FA39FFC629311EACE8AFF864" box="[843,936,1935,1961]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1984-05-03">3.v.1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(Dierl) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE18FA39FFC62E721EACEF41F864" box="[1032,1094,1935,1961]" country="Germany" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006556FA39FFC72ABD1E91EAA0FED0" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA39FFC72ABD1E91EAA0FED0" blockId="46.[151,1437,1826,2033]" lastBlockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62ABD1E91EA30F801" bold="true" box="[199,311,1970,1996]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC62B3D1E90E976F800" authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityYear="1951" box="[327,625,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62B3D1E90E976F800" box="[327,625,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nemophora smaragdaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC6288E1E90E8ADF800" authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityYear="1951" box="[756,938,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysocrossa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC6288E1E90E8ADF800" box="[756,938,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. chrysocrossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A58FA39FFC629C61E90EF4EF800" box="[956,1097,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–48" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-28@62.[189,1398,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 41–48. Adults of Nemophora spp. 41, N. scitulella (Walker, 1864), male, from Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; 42, ditto, female, from Hambantota, Sri Lanka; 43, N. chrysocrossa (Meyrick, 1922), male, lectotype, from Shillong, Meghalaya, India; 44, ditto, female, from Shillong, Meghalaya, India; 45, N. amphimetalla (Meyrick, 1912), male, paralectotype, from Palani Hills, Tamil Nadu, India; 46, N. ferruginea Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India; 47, N. pyrotechna (Meyrick, 1912), male, lectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 48, ditto, female, paralectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India. Scale: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012788/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 43, 44</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC62E1A1E90EFF1F800" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2023" box="[1120,1270,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62E1A1E90EFF1F800" box="[1120,1270,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. nitidulella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A58FA39FFC62F721E90EE93F800" box="[1288,1428,1970,1997]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–56" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[183,1395,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-15@63.[183,1404,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 49–56. Adults of Nemophora spp. 49, N. kashmirella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Kashmir, India; 50, N. solstitiella (Walsingham in Walsingham & Durrant, 1900), male, holotype, from Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India; 51, ditto, female, Mukteshwar Kumaon Hills, Uttarakhand, India; 52, N. fuscomaculella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Godawari, Nepal; 53, ditto, male, paratype, from Mao, Manipur, India; 54, ditto, female, paratype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 55, N. nitidulella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Kathmandu, Nepal; 56, ditto, female, paratype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India. Scale: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012790/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 55, 56</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC62AB21EF4EA31F83D" authorityName=": Das & Singh" authorityYear="2022" box="[200,310,2007,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62AB21EF4EA31F83D" box="[200,310,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. pyrites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A58FA39FFC62B3C1EF4EAC8F83C" box="[326,463,2006,2033]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–62" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-28@64.[151,1436,181,1469]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 57–62.Adults of Nemophora spp. 57, N. fletcherella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India; 58, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Tonglu, West Bengal, India; 59, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907), male, paralectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 60, ditto, female, paralectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 61, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924), male, from Jubing, Nepal; 62, ditto, female, from Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Scale: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012792/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 59, 60</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the forewing colouration and pattern. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA39FFC62E281EF4EE00F83C" authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityYear="1951" box="[1106,1287,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysocrossa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA39FFC62E281EF4EE00F83C" box="[1106,1287,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. chrysocrossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the larger size, ochreous frons, presence of basal spot in the forewing, complete external silver-grey band in the forewing and the relatively long vinculum (3.4–3.7 × length of valva), from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA38FFC7295B1998E8B2FF18" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2023" box="[801,949,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC7295B1998E8B2FF18" box="[801,949,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. nitidulella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the narrow yellow band in the forewing fascia and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA38FFC72B3719FCEABDFF35" authorityName=": Das & Singh" authorityYear="2022" box="[333,442,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72B3719FCEABDFF35" box="[333,442,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. pyrites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by shorter PLB, shorter male antennae and thick, apically hook-shaped lateral processes in apical part of phallus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006556FA38FFC72ABD1805E820F9E0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA38FFC72ABD1805E907FC04" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72ABD1805EA49FE8D" bold="true" box="[199,334,294,320]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A58FA38FFC72BDB1804EAF6FE8C" box="[417,497,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–62" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-28@64.[151,1436,181,1469]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 57–62.Adults of Nemophora spp. 57, N. fletcherella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India; 58, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Tonglu, West Bengal, India; 59, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907), male, paralectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 60, ditto, female, paralectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 61, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924), male, from Jubing, Nepal; 62, ditto, female, from Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Scale: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012792/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
). FWL 6.4–9.0 mm; WLR 0.32–0.38. Vertex ochreous to ochreous brown, frons bright ochreous yellow. Eyes enlarged, closely approaching each other; interocular index 1.0–1.1; occipital distance 0.02– 0.06. PLB 0.3–0.5 × vertical eye diameter (1.00–1.15 × length of scape), yellow to ochreous brown. Proboscis light brown, base with bronze scales. Antenna 2.1–2.4 × FWL; pegs present. Scape dorsally brown, ventrally ochreous yellow; basal part of flagellum (until 0.4 × FWL) dark brown; basal 12–20 flagellomeres dorsally with semi-erect coppery black scales; colour of flagellum at the level of forewing fascia gradually changes to white or grey, in some specimens with rings of brown scales. Tegula and thorax dark brown with brilliant lustre. Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A58FA38FFC72E8218DCEE50FDD4" box="[1272,1367,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–108" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,187,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-15@67.[151,1435,181,1320]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 93–108. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 93, N. scitulella (Walker, 1864); 94, N. chrysocrossa (Meyrick, 1922); 95, N. amphimetalla (Meyrick, 1912); 96, N. ferruginea Kozlov, sp. nov.; 97, N. pyrotechna (Meyrick, 1912); 98, N. kashmirella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 99, N. solstitiella (Walsingham in Walsingham & Durrant, 1900), typical form; 100, N. fuscomaculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 101, N. nitidulella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 102, N. fletcherella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 103, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov.; 104, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907); 105, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924); 106, N. chrysidias (Meyrick, 1928); 107, N. athlophora (Meyrick, 1912), typical form; 108, N. costimaculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012800/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 105</figureCitation>
|
||
) from glossy brilliant green basally to coppery brown apically, shining brilliant to indigo blue, with bright yellow to ochreous medial band of fascia reaching costa at 0.35–0.38 × FWL; width of this band is 0.18–0.23 × FWL at costa and 0.09–0.13 × FWL at dorsum. Medial band on both sides bordered by narrow dark brown lines and then surrounded by glossy silver-grey bands followed by dark brown diffuse bands; proximal band is often reduced to triangular spot reaching 0.3–0.7 × forewing width. The specimen from Parasnath Hill has also a small ochreous spot adjacent to the outer margin of forewing fascia at 0.35 × forewing width. Basal spot small, dark brown. Distal part of forewing sparsely scattered with dark brown scales, which in some specimens form diffuse tornal spot (can be reliably distinguished at high magnification only). Fringe dark brown to bronze. Hindwing from light brown basally to coppery brown apically; costal area grey; medial light yellow spot at costa small, only slightly wider than costal area (clearly visible in specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA38FFC72B121A44EAAEFC4C" box="[360,425,871,897]" name="Nepal" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
only); fringe light grey basally to brown apically. Legs bronze to light brown; all tarsomeres ochreous brown to yellow; fore tibia with a tuft of bronze scales. Epiphysis at 0.5, reaching or almost reaching apex of tibia. Abdomen brown to bronze.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA38FFC72ABD1AF0EE54FB94" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A58FA38FFC72B521AF0EA7DFC20" box="[296,378,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–62" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-28@64.[151,1436,181,1469]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 57–62.Adults of Nemophora spp. 57, N. fletcherella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India; 58, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Tonglu, West Bengal, India; 59, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907), male, paralectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 60, ditto, female, paralectotype, from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India; 61, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924), male, from Jubing, Nepal; 62, ditto, female, from Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Scale: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012792/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
||
). FWL
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B38FA38FFC72BB51AF0E950FC20" box="[463,599,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.699999999999999" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="6.699999999999999" valueMax="7.3" valueMin="6.1">6.1–7.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; WLR 0.37–0.39. Antenna 1.10–1.25 × FWL. Scape ochreous brown; basal 0.50–0.55 of flagellum densely covered with coppery black scales, which are semi-erect distally, at the level of forewing fascia; distal half of flagellum with rings of brown and grey scales on each segment. Yellow spot in the middle of costal margin in hindwing more prominent than in males, reaching 0.35 × hindwing width. Otherwise similar to male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA38FFC72ABD1D40E820F9E0" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A58FA38FFC72B011D40EAE0FBB0" box="[379,487,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 134–139" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,183,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-28@72.[164,1423,181,1864]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 134–139. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 134, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov.; 135, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907); 136, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924); 137, N. chrysidias (Meyrick, 1928); 138, N. athlophora (Meyrick, 1912); 139, N. costimaculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012810/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs. 136</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A58FA38FFC72B8F1D40E924FBB0" box="[501,547,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 163–166" captionStartId="79.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,199,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-20@79.[177,1411,199,1843]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 163–166. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 163, N. fletcherella Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India, gen. prep. 30659 (NHM); 164, N. angustialata Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, Tonglu, West Bengal, India, gen. prep. 30642 (NHM); 165, N. pyrites (Meyrick, 1907), from Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India, gen. prep. 30661 (NHM); 166, N. smaragdaspis (Meyrick, 1924), from Shillong, Meghalaya, India, gen. prep. 30651 (NHM); a: genital complex, ventral view; b: phallus; c: apex of phallus. Scale: 0.2 mm (valid for a and b only)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8012824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8012824/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">166</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegumen wide, dome-shaped, with small medial ridge. Socii elongate, 0.8 × diameter of phallus. Vinculum 3.4–4.0 × length of valva, V-shaped, with slightly convex lateral margins and almost straight to gently W-shaped distal margin. Tips of valvae are at about same level as tip of tegumen. Ventral valvar margin with prominent lobe (from 0.60 × length of valva in the specimen from Shillong to 0.85 × length of valva in the specimen from Parasnath Hill) directed posteroventrally (see from the side); dorsal valvar margin almost straight; tip of valva narrowly rounded to pointed. Valvae fused basally up to 0.15–0.25 × total length; their internal margins indistinct. Anellus 0.20–0.45 × length of valva; its proximal margin from wide (2 × diameter of phallus, see from ventral side) in the specimen from Shillong to narrow (1 × diameter of phallus) in the specimen from Parasnath Hill. Transtilla with long medial process. Juxta 0.45–0.55 × length of phallus; arrow head moderately wide (WLR 0.4–0.6), with pointed to narrowly rounded tip and short pointed lateral arms. Phallus 0.95–1.15 × length of vinculum, C-shaped, with two well-sclerotized, apically hook-shaped, processes arising from lateral walls of phallus at 0.7 × its length (counting from its base). Base of phallus narrowly funnel-shaped; tip formed by ventrally directed spoon-shaped lobe with serrate margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006556FA38FFC72ABD1F15E9DCF99C" box="[199,731,1590,1617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA38FFC72ABD1F15E9DCF99C" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,731,1590,1617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72ABD1F15EA66F99D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1590,1616]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA38FFC72B1D1F14EAA6F99C" box="[359,417,1591,1617]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF83FFA38FFC72BCA1F14EAF6F99C" box="[432,497,1591,1617]" country="India" name="Bihar" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Bihar</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF83FFA38FFC72B861F14E97AF99C" box="[508,637,1591,1617]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA38FFC728EA1F14E9D0F99C" box="[656,727,1591,1617]" name="Nepal" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006556FA38FFD82ABD1F79EE1FFEA8" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA38FFC72ABD1F79E86FF954" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72ABD1F79EA4FF9B9" bold="true" box="[199,328,1626,1652]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
. The specimen deposited in MNHN bears an identification label with the manuscript name ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72ADB1F5CEA4CF954" box="[161,331,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">croceofasciella</emphasis>
|
||
’; however, this name had never been published.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536DDFA38FFD82ABD1F80EE1FFEA8" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="48.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The description above is based on specimens collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA38FFC7290B1F80E8ACF970" box="[881,939,1699,1725]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA38FFC7299B1F80EF2FF970" box="[993,1064,1699,1725]" name="Nepal" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Importantly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA38FFC72EB91F80EE87F970" authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityYear="1951" box="[1219,1408,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72EB91F80EE87F970" box="[1219,1408,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. smaragdaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in these countries does not exhibit sexual dimorphism in forewing pattern, which is discovered in specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA38FFC72F261FE4EE9BF92C" box="[1372,1436,1735,1761]" name="Japan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA38FFC72AE51FC8EAF3F8C8" author="Hirowatari, T. & Yamamoto, H." box="[159,500,1771,1797]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="30 - 35" refId="ref63225" refString="Hirowatari, T. & Yamamoto, H. (2004) Discovery of Nemophora smaragdaspis (Meyrick) (Adelidae) from Akiyoshidai, Japan. Tinea, 18 (1), 30 - 35." type="journal article" year="2004">Hirowatari &Yamamoto 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). I suggest three possible explanations for this discrepancy. First, specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA38FFC72AC91E2CEBF4F8E4" box="[179,243,1807,1833]" name="Japan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Honshu) may belong not to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA38FFC728401E2CE9F1F8E4" authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityYear="1951" box="[570,758,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC728401E2CE9F1F8E4" box="[570,758,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. smaragdaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but to another, yet undescribed, species. Second, males from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA38FFC72AED1E10EBD0F880" box="[151,215,1843,1869]" name="Japan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
may belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA38FFC72BF81E10E939F880" authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityYear="1951" box="[386,574,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72BF81E10E939F880" box="[386,574,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. smaragdaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas female of another species could be incorrectly associated with these males. Third, the species could include both monomorphic and dimorphic populations, as it was reported e.g. for the wood tiger moth,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA38FFC72BF21E58EF36F858" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758) (Hegna et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[392,1073,1914,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Parasemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plantaginis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72BF21E58E981F858" box="[392,646,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Parasemia plantaginis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA38FFC728EF1E58E842F858" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[661,837,1914,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref64492" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tom 1. Regnum animale, ed. 10. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA38FFC729261E58EF2DF858" author="Hegna, R. H. & Galarza, J. A. & Mappes, J." box="[860,1066,1914,1941]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1469 - 1481" refId="ref63021" refString="Hegna, R. H., Galarza, J. A. & Mappes, J. (2015) Global phylogeography and geographical variation in warning coloration of the wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis). Journal of Biogeography, 42 (8), 1469 - 1481. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12513" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Hegna
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC729D71E58E8D8F858" box="[941,991,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the latter explanation seems unlikely, because no geographical variation in expression of sexual dimorphism was found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA38FFC72F6C1EBCEA45F810" authority="(Walker, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decisella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72F6C1EBCEE9AF874" box="[1302,1437,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. decisella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA38FFC72AE51EE0EA3DF810" author="Walker, F." box="[159,314,1987,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref66437" refString="Walker, F. (1863) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 27: Crambites & Tortricites. British Museum, London, pp. 1 - 286." type="book chapter" year="1863">Walker, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu lato) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA38FFC72B9F1EE0E811F810" author="Kozlov, M. V. & Robinson, G. S." box="[485,790,1987,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="39 - 56" refId="ref64356" refString="Kozlov, M. V. & Robinson, G. S. [1996] (1995) Identity and distribution of two dimorphic oriental fairy moths - Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) and Nemophora cantharites (Meyrick, 1928) (Lepidoptera, Adelidae). Nota Lepidopterologica, 18 (1), 39 - 56." type="journal article" year="1996">Kozlov & Robinson 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a species which is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA38FFD82EA61EE0EAF8FF7C" authority="(Hirowatari & Yamamoto 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Hirowatari & Yamamoto" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA38FFC72EA61EE0EE9AF810" box="[1244,1437,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. smaragdaspis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA27FFD82AE519B4EAF0FF7C" author="Hirowatari, T. & Yamamoto, H." box="[159,503,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="30 - 35" refId="ref63225" refString="Hirowatari, T. & Yamamoto, H. (2004) Discovery of Nemophora smaragdaspis (Meyrick) (Adelidae) from Akiyoshidai, Japan. Tinea, 18 (1), 30 - 35." type="journal article" year="2004">Hirowatari & Yamamoto 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The taxonomic affinities of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD54FA27FFD8294619B4E8A5FF7C" box="[828,930,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D5EFA27FFD82EDE19B4EE67FF7C" baseAuthorityName="Hirowatari & Yamamoto" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1188,1376,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdaspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA27FFD82EDE19B4EE67FF7C" box="[1188,1376,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">N. smaragdaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D764DFA27FFD82AED1998EBD9FF18" box="[151,222,187,213]" name="South Korea" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which differ in forewing coloration from the Japanese specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B2CFA27FFD829911998EF8EFF18" author="Ji, E. & Lee, S. & Park, K. T. & Cho, S." box="[1003,1161,187,213]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="896 - 902" refId="ref63567" refString="Ji, E., Lee, S., Park, K. T. & Cho, S. (2018) Seven species of Adelidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 21 (3), 896 - 902. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2018.05.013" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ji
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEACFFA27FFD82E721998EF3BFF18" box="[1032,1084,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), also remain uncertain. Furthermore, a specimen from Parasnath Hill differs in male genitalia from a specimen from Shillong to such an extent that I intended to describe it as a different species in the current publication. However, keeping in mind all the uncertainties mentioned above, I decided not to perform any action that could affect nomenclature of this species or species group until more specimens are available for both morphological analysis and DNA barcoding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |