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<document id="E38EACD233B83AC43166A31E14E3A182" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174936" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5f0eeb3c-efc6-44a1-bdb3-a6f942f83c26" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174936" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459791163280" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kononenko, Vladimir" docDate="2006" docId="03B31806CB1BFFA1FEF74CFB77FC8D7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01371p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1371" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Apamea permixta Kononenko, 2006, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FF8A607ECB1AFFA4FFFF4877743A8E1A" masterDocTitle="Apamea permixta, sp. n., from China — the putative sister species of A. commixta (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Xyleninae: Apameini)" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698219261900" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7DF0A8BE96FE70D7C16A0F8C9698F88C">Apamea permixta, sp. n., from China — the putative sister species of A. commixta (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Xyleninae: Apameini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3C1B0FA777C523104CE94E47F56EDF05">Kononenko, Vladimir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A1ED9A3BFA8889FAB815351565F43CD3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="BC6A006BB249F3F4D99DA7E3D5094C4E">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="857FFB4E97B08E38946AEB3C31BEC565" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174936</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B31806CB1BFFA1FEF74CFB77FC8D7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6255661" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119350488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6255661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B31806CB1BFFA1FEF74CFB77FC8D7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B31806CB1BFFA1FEF74CFB77FC8D7C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection id="C300FA9BCB1BFFA5FEF74CFB75A48AD3" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB1BFFA5FEF74CFB76158ABC" blockId="1.[264,559,1164,1225]" box="[264,559,1164,1190]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="D0ED1E7CCB1BFFA5FEF74CFB76158ABC" bold="true" box="[264,559,1164,1190]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FEF74CFB76158ABC" bold="true" box="[264,559,1164,1190]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FEF74CFB75E48ABC" ID-CoL="95X7Q" box="[264,478,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permixta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FEF74CFB75E48ABC" bold="true" box="[264,478,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Apamea permixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC879CB1BFFA5FE124CFB76158ABC" box="[493,559,1164,1190]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB1BFFA5FEF74CD875A48AD3" blockId="1.[264,559,1164,1225]" box="[264,414,1199,1225]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
(
<figureCitation id="1321B595CB1BFFA5FEEF4CD875608AD3" box="[272,346,1199,1225]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[264,1318,478,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,478,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Adults and distribution map of A. permixta and A. commixta. 1. A. permixta sp. n., male, holotype, China, Prov. Fujan. 2. A. commixta, male, Japan, Honshu. 3. Geographic distribution of A. permixta (black dot) and A. commixta (hatched area)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174937/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321B595CB1BFFA5FE964CD875AF8AD3" box="[361,405,1199,1225]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[287,1313,337,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,326,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Genitalia of Apamea spp. 4. A. permixta sp. n., male, paratype. China, Prov. Fujan. Genitalia prep. ZFMK 1852 VK. 5. A. commixta sp. n., male, Japan, Honshu. Genitalia prep. ZFMK 1830 VK. 6. A. permixta sp. n., female, paratype. China, Prov. Guandong. Genitalia prep. VSK 9 / 050698. 7. A. commixta sp. n., female, Japan, Honshu. Genitalia prep. VSK 10 / 050698." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174938/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">4, 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300FA9BCB1BFFA6FEF74C89764C8C3E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB1BFFA5FEF74C89760988E3" blockId="1.[264,1323,1278,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FEF74C8975B28B02" bold="true" box="[264,392,1278,1304]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The adult of the new species is superficially similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FBB34C88755E8B5B" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FBB34C8871118B02" box="[1100,1323,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Apamea commixta</emphasis>
(Butler)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F30DE980CB1BFFA5FE534D5075D58B5B" box="[428,495,1319,1345]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="1321B595CB1BFFA5FE004D50767C8B5B" box="[511,582,1319,1345]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[264,1318,478,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,478,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Adults and distribution map of A. permixta and A. commixta. 1. A. permixta sp. n., male, holotype, China, Prov. Fujan. 2. A. commixta, male, Japan, Honshu. 3. Geographic distribution of A. permixta (black dot) and A. commixta (hatched area)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174937/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) and probably represents its sister-species. The two species are similar in appearance to the dark form of
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FD0E4D3877F18B73" authority="Esper" authorityName="Esper" box="[753,971,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenata">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FD0E4D3877518B72" box="[753,875,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">A. crenata</emphasis>
(Esper)
</taxonomicName>
, with a uniform pattern of the forewing extensively suffused by dark reddish-brown (
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FC3D4D0070208B8A" box="[962,1050,1399,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenata">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FC3D4D0070208B8A" box="[962,1050,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">crenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FBB34D0070FC8B8A" box="[1100,1222,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">alepecuris</emphasis>
Esper). Superficially,
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FE4F4DE876068BA2" box="[432,572,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FE4F4DE876068BA2" box="[432,572,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">A. permixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FCB94DE877E78BA2" box="[838,989,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FCB94DE877E78BA2" box="[838,989,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it can be separated by details of the structures of the male and especially the female genitalia. The male genitalia of the new species (
<figureCitation id="1321B595CB1BFFA5FE0D4D9876038813" box="[498,569,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[287,1313,337,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,326,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Genitalia of Apamea spp. 4. A. permixta sp. n., male, paratype. China, Prov. Fujan. Genitalia prep. ZFMK 1852 VK. 5. A. commixta sp. n., male, Japan, Honshu. Genitalia prep. ZFMK 1830 VK. 6. A. permixta sp. n., female, paratype. China, Prov. Guandong. Genitalia prep. VSK 9 / 050698. 7. A. commixta sp. n., female, Japan, Honshu. Genitalia prep. VSK 10 / 050698." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174938/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FCBC4D9877EC8812" box="[835,982,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FCBC4D9877EC8812" box="[835,982,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321B595CB1BFFA5FC194D9870178813" box="[998,1069,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[264,1318,478,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,478,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Adults and distribution map of A. permixta and A. commixta. 1. A. permixta sp. n., male, holotype, China, Prov. Fujan. 2. A. commixta, male, Japan, Honshu. 3. Geographic distribution of A. permixta (black dot) and A. commixta (hatched area)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174937/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) by a slightly shorter and broader valva, a broader juxta, a smaller and thinner harpe and digitus, a more rounded cucullus, and the absence of a prominent spine on the ventral angle of the cucullus, which is present in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FE4F4E107672889A" box="[432,584,1639,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FE4F4E107672889A" box="[432,584,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The aedeagus is more massive, compared with that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FAEE4E10754088B2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FAEE4E10754088B2" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a narrower, but more acute sclerotised apical part (carina). The vesica is wider than in
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FE524EC0767288CA" box="[429,584,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FE524EC0767E88CA" box="[429,580,1719,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">A. commixta</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with a bulbous portion at the base and a stronger, fairly large, apical spinelike cornutus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB1BFFA6FEC74F70764C8C3E" blockId="1.[264,1323,1278,1904]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1323,284,1899]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
The female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FDAB4F7076E4893A" box="[596,734,1799,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FDAB4F7076E4893A" box="[596,734,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">A. permixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 6) show more conspicuous differences from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1BFFA5FE8D4F58763D8952" box="[370,519,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1BFFA5FE8D4F58763D8952" box="[370,519,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 7), having narrower and more curved lobes of the ovipositor, narrower anterior and posterior apophyses, a narrower ductus bursae, a sclerotised triangular projection on the ductus bursae, and the presence of a sacklike appendix bursae, which is absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB18FFA6FE1C4933764C8F47" box="[483,630,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB18FFA6FE1C4933764C8F47" box="[483,630,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two species comprise a well defined species-group in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB18FFA6FE76491B75D38F9F" box="[393,489,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB18FFA6FE76491B75D38F9F" box="[393,489,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Apamea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The group shares the following characters in the male and female genitalia: shape of valva, short digitus in the central part of valva, rather strong harpe, structures of the vesica in males, structure of the oviposior, and the width of the anterior and posterior apophyses in the females. A related species-group is not known in the European or Far Eastern fauna.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300FA9BCB18FFA1FEC74A4576ED8C54" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB18FFA6FEC74A4575878BC4" blockId="2.[264,1323,284,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB18FFA6FEC74A4575EA8C56" bold="true" box="[312,464,562,588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Description.</emphasis>
Adult. (
<figureCitation id="1321B595CB18FFA6FDC04A4576B18C56" box="[575,651,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[264,1318,478,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,478,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Adults and distribution map of A. permixta and A. commixta. 1. A. permixta sp. n., male, holotype, China, Prov. Fujan. 2. A. commixta, male, Japan, Honshu. 3. Geographic distribution of A. permixta (black dot) and A. commixta (hatched area)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174937/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Wing expanse
<quantity id="4CE204F5CB18FFA6FC9A4A4577F88C56" box="[869,962,562,588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
, length of forewing
<quantity id="4CE204F5CB18FFA6FB354A45711D8C56" box="[1226,1319,562,588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
. Antennae of male ciliate, those of female filiform. Palpi relatively short, laterally flattened, third segment approximately one-third length of second, ventrally covered by long dark-brownish scales. Head: Blackish-brown suffused with grey scales, and with tufts of black hairlike scales. Thorax: Covered by brown scales, mixed with yellowish-grey hairlike scales. Tegulae and patagia rufous at base, outlined with a dark-brown line. Abdomen: Grey, dorsally with tufts formed by dark brown scales. Forewing: Ground colour of upper surface dark rufous-brown, with paler rufous–brown suffusion in the central part of the wing; elements of wing pattern obscure, darker or lighter than ground colour. Basal line and basal streak represented by black dashes on costal and mid part of base of wings. Basal area from costa to basal streak filled with rufous brown. Antemedial line represented by wide black dash on costa continuing as thin black line crossing wing, outlined inside by pale line. Antemedial field filled with dark-brown scales. Stigmata pale rufous, lighter than ground colour, with brown filling inside and outlined with dark brown. Claviform black, streaklike, connecting the antemedial and postmedial lines. Medial field downwards from the claviform dark-brown, in the central part pale, rufous-brown. Medial line marked only by costa by a black dash. Postmedial line defined by rufous on the outer side, bent outward below costa, then minutely dentate to vein M2, then strongly incurved. Postmedial field dark rufous-brown. Subterminal line rufous, pale, thin, indistinct, defined on inner side above and below veins M1 and M2 by narrow black streaks. Terminal field dark reddish-brown, terminal line is a row of semi-lunar black streaks. Fringes brown with fine pale line at base. Hindwing: Greyish, tinged with brown, paler in basal and central parts, with a black discal spot and traceable curved postmedial line with broad fuscous band beyond it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB18FFA7FEC74D9C76898FB7" blockId="2.[264,1323,284,1899]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,429]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB18FFA6FEC74D9C75CE881F" bold="true" box="[312,500,1515,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1321B595CB18FFA6FDF14D9B765B881C" box="[526,609,1516,1542]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[287,1313,337,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,326,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Genitalia of Apamea spp. 4. A. permixta sp. n., male, paratype. China, Prov. Fujan. Genitalia prep. ZFMK 1852 VK. 5. A. commixta sp. n., male, Japan, Honshu. Genitalia prep. ZFMK 1830 VK. 6. A. permixta sp. n., female, paratype. China, Prov. Guandong. Genitalia prep. VSK 9 / 050698. 7. A. commixta sp. n., female, Japan, Honshu. Genitalia prep. VSK 10 / 050698." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Abdomen: Coremata absent. Genitalia: Uncus simple, moderately wide. Tegumen with moderate and quadrangular peniculus covered with hairlike setae. Juxta tip arrow-shaped. Valva moderate in width, wider apically. Sacculus small. Costa well developed, basally bent, outwards straight. Pointed sclerotised costal process (digitus) directed ventrally, not reaching triangular cucullus. Clasper barlike, sclerotised. Harpe (ampulla) sclerotised, relatively short, slightly curved. Outer ventral part of valva less sclerotised. Cucullus large, about one-third length of valva, well separated, trigonate, with well defined ‘neck’, its apical margin moderately convex; ventral angle of cucullus without prominent anal spine as in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB18FFA6FC104F5D70BF8959" box="[1007,1157,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB18FFA6FC104F5D70BF8959" box="[1007,1157,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Corona well developed with a row of numerous spines of equal size. Surface of cucullus covered by irregular rows of strong setae, more dense in apical part and ventral angle. Aedeagus relatively small, straight, with apical part (carina) strongly sclerotised, slightly curved. Vesica relatively short, about half the length of aedeagus, bulbous ventrally, armed by a short, strong spine with a wide base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF65F998CB19FFA7FEF74F7E77C6897A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174937/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[264,1318,478,1800]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB19FFA7FEF74F7E77C6897A" blockId="3.[264,1323,1801,1888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB19FFA7FEF74F7E7589893B" bold="true" box="[264,435,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
Adults and distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB19FFA7FCF74F7E77BE893A" box="[776,900,1801,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB19FFA7FCF74F7E77BE893A" box="[776,900,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">A. permixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB19FFA7FC474F7E7007893A" box="[952,1085,1801,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB19FFA7FC474F7E7007893A" box="[952,1085,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB19FFA7FB9A4F7E70DB893A" box="[1125,1249,1801,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permixta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB19FFA7FB9A4F7E70DB893A" box="[1125,1249,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">A. permixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB19FFA7FB174F7E7119893B" bold="true" box="[1256,1315,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC879CB19FFA7FB174F7E7119893B" box="[1256,1315,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, holotype, China, Prov. Fujan. 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB19FFA7FD234F5E7751895A" box="[732,875,1833,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB19FFA7FD234F5E7751895A" box="[732,875,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Japan, Honshu. 3. Geographic distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB19FFA7FE584F3E7619897A" box="[423,547,1865,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB19FFA7FE584F3E7619897A" box="[423,547,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">A. permixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black dot) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB19FFA7FD2D4F3E776D897A" box="[722,855,1865,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB19FFA7FD2D4F3E776D897A" box="[722,855,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(hatched area).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF65F998CB1EFFA0FEF74E9770C9897A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[287,1313,337,1759]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB1EFFA0FEF74E9770C9897A" blockId="4.[264,1324,1760,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FEF74E97758988E2" bold="true" box="[264,435,1760,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">FIGURES 4–7.</emphasis>
Genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1EFFA0FDC14E9676AF88E2" box="[574,661,1761,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FDC14E9676AF88E2" box="[574,661,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Apamea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. 4.
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1EFFA0FD174E96775F88E2" box="[744,869,1761,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permixta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FD174E96775F88E2" box="[744,869,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">A. permixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FC944E97779C88E2" bold="true" box="[875,934,1760,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC879CB1EFFA0FC944E97779C88E2" box="[875,934,1760,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, paratype. China, Prov. Fujan. Genitalia prep. ZFMK 1852VK. 5.
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1EFFA0FD614F7377138901" box="[670,809,1796,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FD614F7377138901" box="[670,809,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FCCA4F74774C8901" bold="true" box="[821,886,1795,1819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC879CB1EFFA0FCCA4F74774C8901" box="[821,886,1795,1819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, Japan, Honshu. Genitalia prep. ZFMK1830 VK. 6.
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1EFFA0FE1C4F5176588927" box="[483,610,1830,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permixta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FE1C4F5176588927" box="[483,610,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">A. permixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FD944F5176928924" bold="true" box="[619,680,1830,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC879CB1EFFA0FD944F5176928924" box="[619,680,1830,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female, paratype. China, Prov. Guandong. Genitalia prep. VSK9/050698. 7.
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1EFFA0FE354F3E766A897A" box="[458,592,1865,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FE354F3E766A897A" box="[458,592,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC879CB1EFFA0FDA94F3F76A8897A" box="[598,658,1864,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1EFFA0FDA94F3F76A8897A" bold="true" box="[598,658,1864,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female, Japan, Honshu. Genitalia prep. VSK10/050698.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB1FFFA1FEC7496C76ED8C54" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1FFFA1FEC7496C76318F2F" bold="true" box="[312,523,283,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(Ffig. 6). Ovipositor strongly sclerotized, papillae annales large, heavily sclerotised, curved ventrally. Anterior and posterior apophyses large, wide, moderately sclerotised, about equal in length, spatulate towards the end, but narrower than in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1FFFA1FED349E375FF8FB7" box="[300,453,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1FFFA1FED349E375FF8FB7" box="[300,453,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Antrum with a short heavily sclerotised ventral band. Ductus bursae relatively short and slightly sclerotised, narrower than in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1FFFA1FC4549CB70758FCF" box="[954,1103,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1FFFA1FC4549CB70758FCF" box="[954,1103,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with two heavily sclerotised patches laterally, one forming a sclerotised triangular projection. Bursae copulatrix membranous, rounded, with a large, slightly sclerotised, elongate appendix bursae, which is absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C1AD293CB1FFFA1FDC24A4376EA8C57" box="[573,720,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="commixta">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1FFFA1FDC24A4376EA8C57" box="[573,720,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">A. commixta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300FA9BCB1FFFA1FEC74A2C75838D0C" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB1FFFA1FEC74A2C75838D0C" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1FFFA1FEC74A2C75D68C6F" bold="true" box="[312,492,603,629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<typeStatus id="54A117B2CB1FFFA1FEC74A2C75498C6F" box="[312,371,603,629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54A117B2CB1FFFA1FE084A2B76538C6C" box="[503,617,604,630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male, with label [
<collectingCountry id="F30DE980CB1FFFA1FCBD4A2B77B48C6C" box="[834,910,604,630]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">China</collectingCountry>
, Prov. Fujan] Kuatun (
<quantity id="4CE204F5CB1FFFA1FB644A2B70D68C6C" box="[1179,1260,604,630]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
).
<geoCoordinate id="EE2ECFD7CB1FFFA1FAFE4A2B757D8C84" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="27.666666">27° 40' n</geoCoordinate>
, Br.
<geoCoordinate id="EE2ECFD7CB1FFFA1FE784AF376308C84" box="[391,522,644,670]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-117.666664">117° 40' o</geoCoordinate>
. L.J. Klapperich.
<date id="FFA48FD0CB1FFFA1FD174AF377488C84" box="[744,882,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" value="1938-06-01">1 Jun 1938</date>
(Fukion);
<typeStatus id="54A117B2CB1FFFA1FC084AF370568C84" box="[1015,1132,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D1C6299CB1FFFA1FB834AF370E78C84" box="[1148,1245,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, same locality and collector,
<date id="FFA48FD0CB1FFFA1FDF44ADB76A08CDC" box="[523,666,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" value="1936-06-12">12 Jun 1936</date>
(Genitalia praep.
<collectionCode id="ED0B31D5CB1FFFA1FC934ADB77848CDC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[876,958,684,710]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">ZFMK</collectionCode>
1852VK);
<specimenCount id="9D1C6299CB1FFFA1FBBD4ADB709D8CDC" box="[1090,1191,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
with label: [
<collectingCountry id="F30DE980CB1FFFA1FEF04AA375618CF4" box="[271,347,724,750]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">China</collectingCountry>
, Prov. Guangdong] Linping, Sudchina Pr., Kwangtung, H.Höne. Genitalia prep. VSK9/
<date id="FFA48FD0CB1FFFA1FEA54A8B758F8D0C" box="[346,437,764,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" value="98-05-06">050698</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300FA9BCB1FFFA1FEC74B5377FC8D7C" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA5A910CB1FFFA1FEC74B5377FC8D7C" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96E7502CB1FFFA1FEC74B5375EB8D24" bold="true" box="[312,465,804,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1321B595CB1FFFA1FE164B53760D8D24" box="[489,567,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[264,1318,478,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,478,1914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Adults and distribution map of A. permixta and A. commixta. 1. A. permixta sp. n., male, holotype, China, Prov. Fujan. 2. A. commixta, male, Japan, Honshu. 3. Geographic distribution of A. permixta (black dot) and A. commixta (hatched area)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174937/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The species is known only from the
<typeStatus id="54A117B2CB1FFFA1FBC74B5370518D24" box="[1080,1131,804,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
locality in the southeastern part of
<collectingCountry id="F30DE980CB1FFFA1FE094B3B76058D7C" box="[502,575,844,870]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">China</collectingCountry>
, Fujan and Guangdong Province.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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