235 lines
23 KiB
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235 lines
23 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3207" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0783928d-6dd6-4f5b-b3d0-3da109a2d0f2" ID-PMC="PMC3487633" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-221-19" ID-PubMed="23129979" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-221-19" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 221" ModsDocTitle="Redescription of arenicolous dipluran Parajapyx pauliani (Diplura, Parajapygidae) and DNA barcoding analyses of Parajapyx from China" checkinTime="1451248748674" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bu, Yun, Gao, Yan, Potapov, Mikhail B. & Luan, Yun-Xia" docDate="2012" docId="B5C9C6611A876CE762460CE72C61EE15" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 221: 19-29" docOrigin="ZooKeys 221" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3207" docTitle="Parajapyx pauliani Pages 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="3D6A355CFF87FFE5265AD126D62EFF86" masterDocTitle="Redescription of arenicolous dipluran Parajapyx pauliani (Diplura, Parajapygidae) and DNA barcoding analyses of Parajapyx from China" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1668154446228" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Redescription of arenicolous dipluran Parajapyx pauliani (Diplura, Parajapygidae) and DNA barcoding analyses of Parajapyx from China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bu, Yun</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gao, Yan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Potapov, Mikhail B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Luan, Yun-Xia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>221</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>29</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3207</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3207</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-221-19</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037018" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5C9C6611A876CE762460CE72C61EE15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5C9C6611A876CE762460CE72C61EE15" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Parajapyx_pauliani" authority="Pages, 1959" authorityName="Pages" authorityYear="1959" class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">
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Parajapyx pauliani
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pagés">Pages</normalizedToken>
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, 1959
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-17Tables 23
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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4 females, South China, Hainan Island, Sanya city, shingly beach of Ximaozhou island (samples No. 6 and 8),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.233334">18°14'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="109.36667">109°22'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 5-IV-2011; 1 female, from sand beach of the Ximaozhou Island (sample No. 17), 6-IV-2011; 2 female, South China, Hainan Island, Changjiang County, Changhua town, from sand beach of Qizi Bay (sample No. 54),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.35">19°21'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="108.666664">108°40'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 7-IV-2011, coll. Y. Bu, C. W. Huang, M. B. Potapov and N. A. Kuznetsova. All specimens are kept at Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, CAS.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Body length and width of adult female 2.8-3.0 mm, and 0.3-0.35 mm, respectively (four specimens, antenna and cerci not included). Tegument smooth, without ornamentation (Fig. 1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="head">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Head.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Length 0.23-0.25 mm, width 0.23-0.25 mm. Dorsal side with 5+5 interior (Di), 5+5 exterior (De), and 10+10 lateral setae (Dl) (only show five on the picture), without front setae (Fig. 2). Labrum with two pairs of medial setae (1+1 M and 1+1 n), 6+6 m. On ventral side internal lobe (li) with 1+1 m; external lobe (le) with 9 +9 setae; coxae (cx) with 1 M and 3n; labial palpus absent, replaced with 1 M accompanied by two normal seate; admentum with 11 setae, 3 M and 8 n; pli oral region with 4-5 setae; submentum with 2+2 setae (Fig. 3).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Mouthparts. Lacinia composed by five lobes, the first lobe (distal) is very acute and smooth, and the following four larger and pectinate. Mandible with five teeth and three denticles between them. Maxillary palpus with 10 n and 2 m setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Antenna with 21 segments, length 0.8 mm. Antenna segment I with seven microsetae dorsally and 5 setae, Ant. II and III each with 9 setae, Ant. IV with 11 setae, Ant. I-IV without sensilla and trichobothria, Ant. V with two bacilliform sensilla (BS) and 14-17 setae, Ant. VI with three BS and 16-18 setae, Ant. VII with three BS and 17-20 setae; Ant. VIII-XIX each with 4 BS and 18-28 setae, Ant. XX with 6 BS and 34-35 setae, Ant. XXI with eight BS and four placoid sensilla, and 55-60 seate. Single microsensillum asymmetrically present on Ant. IX-XIII, XVII, and XIX.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Thorax. Chaetotaxy of thorax as show in Table 2, 3. Pro-, meso- and metanotum each with 5+5 M setae and 6-17 n setae (Figs 4-6). Pro-, meso- and metasternum as show in Figs 7-9. Leg III length 0.3 mm, coxa with 1 M, 3 n and 2 m; trochanter with 1 M and 2 n dorsally, 1 m ventrally; femur with 10 n and 3 m setae; tibia with 8 n; tarsus with 10 n; claw symmetrical and with single medial unguis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Abdomen. Chaetotaxy of the abdomen as shown in Table 2 and 3. Urotergite I (Fig. 12): prescutum with 4+4 m and 2+2 n, scutum with 6+6 m, 5+5 M and (10-14)+(9-14) n. Urotergites II-VII (Figs 13-14): prescutum with 4+4 m and 2+2 n, scutum with (6-8)+(6-8) m, 8+8 M and (9-18)+(9-19) n. Urotergite VIII with 12+12 m, 8+8 M and (9-10)+2(3)+(7-13) n. Urotergite IX with 7+7 m, 3+3 M and 2+1+2 n. Urotergite X with 4+4 m, 6+1+6 M and (6-8)+(6-8) n.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="22" start="start">Urosternite</pageBreakToken>
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I (Fig. 15): prescutum with 2+2 m and 5 +5 n, scutum with 5+5 m, 10+10 M and (10-18)+1(2)(3)+(11-18) n. Subcoxal organ composed by 10-13 setae, including 6-8 slender glandular setae and 4-5 sensory setae, without medial glandular organ (Fig. 11). Urosternites II to VII (Figs 16-17): prescutum with 4 +4 m and (5-7)+1+(5-7) n setae, scutum with 5 +5 m, 12 +12 M, (7-12) + 2(3)+(6-11) n. Urosternite VIII with 4+4 m, 2 +2 M, (4-5)+(4-5) n. Urosternite IX with 4+4 m, 2 +2 M and 3+3 n. Urosternite X with 4 +4 m, 6+6 M and 3+1+3 n. Eversible vesicles present on the urosternites II-III, diameter 32-37
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. Styli on urosternites I-III each with one short sensilla and one m seta, on urosternites IV-VII with single seta m. Female genital papilla with 10+2+10 n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Cerci (Fig. 10) singly segmented, symmetrical, with five distinct internal teeth, crooked; t3 larger than others; interval between t1-t2 as two times as t2-t3 and t3-t4; t2-t4 with shoulder, dorsal side with 9 M, 5 n and 5 m, ventral side with7 M, 3 n and 3 m; each cercus with 7-8 evaporation plates.</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="CA4FFFD5B67A200E9FA2DA383671F250" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CA4FFFD5B67A200E9FA2DA383671F250" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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Table 2. Chaetotaxy of dorsal side of body in adult
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">Parajapyx pauliani</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<table pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<th colspan="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="2">segments</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="2">m</th>
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<th colspan="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">M</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="2">n</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">ma</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">mp</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">la</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">lp</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="4770ED92C2CAFD446B9698AFED271359" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4770ED92C2CAFD446B9698AFED271359" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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Table 3. Chaetotaxy of ventral side of body in adult
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">Parajapyx pauliani</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<table pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">segments</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">m</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">M</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">n</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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Figures 1-17.
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">Parajapyx pauliani</taxonomicName>
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1 Habitus 2 head, dorsal view (Di= dorsal interior setae; De= dorsal exterior setae; Dl= dorsal lateral setae) 3 head, ventral view (ad= admentum cx= coxae lp= labial palps area sm= submentum po= pli oral region) 4 pronotum 5 mesonotum 6 metanotum 7 prosternum (al= anterior lobe ml= middlelobe pl= posterior lobe, same for figs 8-9) 8 mesosternum 9 metasternum 10 cerci 11 subcoxal organ of urosternite I, right side 12 urotergite I 13 urotergite II 14 urotergite VII 15 urosternite I (so= subcoxal organ) 16 urosternite II (ev= eversible vesicles) 17 urosternite VII. Scale bar: 0.5 mm in Fig. 1; 0.1 mm in Figs 2-17.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">So far, the species is known only from two localities: Hainan, China and Madagascar.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">Parajapyx pauliani</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by the antenna with 21 segments, nota each with 5+5 M setae and numerous normal setae, urotergites II-VII each with
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="23" start="start">8</pageBreakToken>
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+8 M setae and numerous normal setae, and prescutum of urotergites II-V each with 2+2 normal setae. Ithas more normal setae than in other congeners. The numbers of M and m setae are relatively stable, but the numbers of normal setae are quite variable in different individuals.
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</paragraph>
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<subSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="littoral habitat of parajapyx pauliani">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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Littoral habitat of
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">Parajapyx pauliani</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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Three intertidal locations where
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">Parajapyx pauliani</taxonomicName>
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was found are shown in Figs 18-20. All habitats are positioned lower than supralittoral, devoid of halophytes, and are directly influenced by sea water. The animal lives in shingly or sand beaches (Figs 18-20), between particles of different size: from 9 mm (with the whole variation from 5 to 16 mm, n=100) to 1.5 mm (1.0-2.3 mm, n=150) in diameter.
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">Parajapyx pauliani</taxonomicName>
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appears to
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="24" start="start">be</pageBreakToken>
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a dipluran member of a genuine littoral community and is often associated with collembolan species like
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<taxonomicName genus="Yuukianura" lsidName="Yuukianura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" rank="genus">Yuukianura</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName class="Collembola" family="Isotogastruridae" genus="Isotogastrura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isotogastrura trichaetosa" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichaetosa">Isotogastrura trichaetosa</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Potapov, MB" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" pagination="23 - 29" title="First record of the littoral family Isotogastruridae (Collembola) in Asia." url="10.3897/zookeys.136.1666" volume="136" year="2011">Potapov et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Collembola" family="Onychiuridae" genus="Thalassaphorura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thalassaphorura" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thalassaphorura</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName class="Collembola" family="Neanuridae" genus="Oudemansia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oudemansia" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oudemansia</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName class="Collembola" family="Hypogastruridae" genus="Acherontiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acherontiella" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acherontiella</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName genus="Archisotoma" lsidName="Archisotoma" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" rank="genus">Archisotoma</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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Figures 18-20. Habitats of
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">Parajapyx pauliani</taxonomicName>
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in Hainan (S China). 18 shingly beach of Ximaozhou Island, inset shows the size of stone 19 sand beach of Ximaozhou Island, inset show the size of sand granules 20 sand beach of Qizi Bay, inset show the size of sand granules ✱ indicates the sample site.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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Figure 21. Neighbour-joining tree (p-distance, Bootstrap 1000 replicates) of Chinese
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parajapyx</taxonomicName>
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inferred from COI gene sequences. Numbers on the nodes show the bootstrap values (> 50%).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="the dna barcoding">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">The DNA barcoding</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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The DNA barcoding of 18 individuals from five
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parajapyx</taxonomicName>
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species from China were sequenced, and deposited in GenBank (the accession numbers showed in Table 1). The genetic divergence between individuals of the same species is 1.9% in average, with span 1.5-5.3%, and it is 19.1% in average, with span 16.3-21.3% between different
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parajapyx</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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The Neighbour-joining tree was constructed based on the barcoding sequences (Fig. 21).
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx pauliani" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">Parajapyx pauliani</taxonomicName>
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is clustered with
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx isabellae" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabellae">Parajapyx isabellae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx isabellae" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabellae">Parajapyx isabellae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx emeryanus" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeryanus">Parajapyx emeryanus</taxonomicName>
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are valid species respectively well supported by barcoding analyses. Two individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx isabellae" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabellae">Parajapyx isabellae</taxonomicName>
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(Syn.
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx paucidentis" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucidentis">Parajapyx paucidentis</taxonomicName>
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) (teeth absent on the cerci) clustered together with five individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx isabellae" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabellae">Parajapyx isabellae</taxonomicName>
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(teeth present on the cerci). The genetic divergence between
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx isabellae" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabellae">Parajapyx isabellae</taxonomicName>
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(Syn.
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx paucidentis" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucidentis">Parajapyx paucidentis</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx isabellae" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabellae">Parajapyx isabellae</taxonomicName>
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is only 1.7% in average (with span 0.8-2.6%). In addition, individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx yangi" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">Parajapyx yangi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Entognatha" family="Parajapygidae" genus="Parajapyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parajapyx hwashanensis" order="Diplura" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hwashanensis">Parajapyx hwashanensis</taxonomicName>
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clustered together with high support value, and the genetic divergence between them is low (0.2%).
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |