250 lines
39 KiB
XML
250 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="F2884DB64AB87A67A0770C5D256A2552" ID-CLB-Dataset="27648" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4545.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bdb8184b-4737-46d7-9db0-fcd8857c516a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2618657" ID-ZooBank="305033F2-E92F-4439-AF7A-E00A563027D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553930202890" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leocádio, Michele & Mermudes, José Ricardo M." docDate="2019" docId="B511AB04FD10FFF259C9FB4CFBCEBF0E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4545.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4545 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stolas nudicollis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="4928D37CFD15FFF5595EFFE0FFB6BB73" masterDocTitle="Description of immatures of Stolas aenea (Olivier, 1790) and Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini)" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1698715842546" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="69C2AB8C45C44AC138004E12A8EFFAA1">Description of immatures of Stolas aenea (Olivier, 1790) and Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F1DA106369798F3FDB20C9D83AE9EE28">Leocádio, Michele</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A02811395F2A3A181FCAA4F8C23E97EC">Mermudes, José Ricardo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="28BDAA2C220AE8493D26126ED11FA27A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E50F83446199F68CF999BC8C64EDD397">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="11FA3BD5A6EA4A8E0474EC270BD60922">
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<mods:date id="D4D2B57EFEB1BE750C1886991BD909CA">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6525CC906AEC8106479857EBA9CC0ABC">2019-01-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B18BBAAC772C5FCB1BC8172250DB034A">4545</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B511AB04FD10FFF259C9FB4CFBCEBF0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5923318" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154530611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5923318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B511AB04FD10FFF259C9FB4CFBCEBF0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B511AB04FD10FFF259C9FB4CFBCEBF0E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="75A24999FD10FFF059C9FB4CFD8EBFB5" box="[151,568,1196,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF059C9FB4CFD8EBFB5" blockId="5.[151,568,1196,1255]" box="[151,568,1196,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="664FAD7EFD10FFF059C9FB4CFD8EBFB5" bold="true" box="[151,568,1196,1222]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FAB86191FD10FFF059C9FB4CFD8EBFB5" ID-CoL="52T86" authority="(Boheman, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[151,568,1196,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Stolas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudicollis">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF059C9FB4CFD8EBFB5" bold="true" box="[151,568,1196,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF059C9FB4CFEEBBFB5" bold="true" box="[151,349,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Stolas nudicollis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="592967E3FD10FFF05832FB4CFD86BFB5" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[364,560,1196,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refId="ref6489" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1850) Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus primus. Officina Nordstedtiana, Holmiae, 452 pp., 4 tabs. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8973" type="book" year="1850">Boheman, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="75A24999FD10FFF059C9FB2EFE91BF94" box="[151,295,1230,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF059C9FB2EFE91BF94" blockId="5.[151,568,1196,1255]" box="[151,295,1230,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A5830697FD10FFF059C1FB2EFEA9BF94" box="[159,287,1230,1255]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 38–42" captionStart-1="FIGURES 43–50" captionStart-2="FIGURES 51–58" captionStartId-0="11.[151,264,1509,1532]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,264,1974,1997]" captionTargetBox-0="[230,1370,203,1438]" captionTargetBox-1="[187,1389,205,1947]" captionTargetBox-2="[179,1412,205,1943]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1436,135,1561]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[171,1416,193,1961]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[171,1416,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 38–42. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850) and host plant. (38) Host plant Mikania sp. 2; (39–40) egg, habitus and detail of chorion surface; (41) last instar larva with faecal shield; (42) Adults male and female in copula." captionText-1="FIGURES 43–50. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), first instar larva. (43–44) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (45) head; (46) maxillae and labium; (47) labrum; (48) epipharynx; (49–50) mandible, dorsal and ventral." captionText-2="FIGURES 51–58. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), last instar larva. (51–52) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (53) head; (54) maxillae and labium; (55) labrum; (56) epipharynx; (57–58) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2618673/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2618675/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2618677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Figs 39‒58</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="75A24999FD10FFF059C9FAF6FDF1BECD" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF059C9FAF6FD16BE04" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF059C9FAF6FF41BE5C" bold="true" box="[151,247,1302,1327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Biology.</emphasis>
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Eggs were laid directly on leaf surface, without a filamentous stalk. Newly hatching larvae cut a circle around the micropylar area to make their way out of the egg. First instar larvae were gregarious, in contrast with fifth instar larvae, which fed solitary (
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<figureCitation id="A5830697FD10FFF05B61FABEFD25BE04" box="[575,659,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–42" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1509,1532]" captionTargetBox="[230,1370,203,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,135,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38–42. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850) and host plant. (38) Host plant Mikania sp. 2; (39–40) egg, habitus and detail of chorion surface; (41) last instar larva with faecal shield; (42) Adults male and female in copula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618673/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF05999FA62FDF1BECD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF05999FA62FEFBBEE8" bold="true" box="[199,333,1410,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Host plant.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FAB86191FD10FFF0580BFA62FDA6BEE8" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[341,528,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Stolas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudicollis">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF0580BFA62FDA6BEE8" box="[341,528,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Stolas nudicollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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individuals fed on
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<taxonomicName id="FAB86191FD10FFF05BB1FA62FCFBBEE8" box="[751,845,1410,1435]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Mikania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF05BB1FA62FCFBBEE8" box="[751,845,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Mikania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2 (
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<taxonomicName id="FAB86191FD10FFF05AC2FA63FBACBEE8" box="[924,1050,1411,1435]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="A5830697FD10FFF05D6DFA62FB30BEE8" box="[1075,1158,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–42" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1509,1532]" captionTargetBox="[230,1370,203,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,135,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38–42. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850) and host plant. (38) Host plant Mikania sp. 2; (39–40) egg, habitus and detail of chorion surface; (41) last instar larva with faecal shield; (42) Adults male and female in copula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618673/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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) in the field. This is the first host plant record for
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<taxonomicName id="FAB86191FD10FFF058E8FA47FDF6BECC" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[438,576,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Stolas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudicollis">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF058E8FA47FDF6BECC" box="[438,576,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">S. nudicollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="75A24999FD10FFF25999FA2AFBCEBF0E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF05999FA2AFAEBBE90" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" box="[199,1373,1482,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF05999FA2AFDB4BE90" bold="true" box="[199,514,1482,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Egg. Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
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(n = 11). Length: 1.38‒1.52 (mean = 1.48); width: 0.55‒0.70 (mean = 0.62).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF05999FA0FFD04BD59" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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Egg is elongate-oval (
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<figureCitation id="A5830697FD10FFF058E3FA0EFDA6BD74" box="[445,528,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–42" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1509,1532]" captionTargetBox="[230,1370,203,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,135,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38–42. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850) and host plant. (38) Host plant Mikania sp. 2; (39–40) egg, habitus and detail of chorion surface; (41) last instar larva with faecal shield; (42) Adults male and female in copula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618673/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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), pale-yellow. Chorion surface is densely punctured (
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<figureCitation id="A5830697FD10FFF05D38FA0EFB0DBD74" box="[1126,1211,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–42" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1509,1532]" captionTargetBox="[230,1370,203,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,135,1561]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38–42. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850) and host plant. (38) Host plant Mikania sp. 2; (39–40) egg, habitus and detail of chorion surface; (41) last instar larva with faecal shield; (42) Adults male and female in copula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618673/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
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). Micropylar area is dark brown elevated, tapering towards the apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF05999F9D6FC83BD00" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF05999F9D6FD12BD3C" bold="true" box="[199,676,1590,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">First instar larva. Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
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(n = 4). Body length: 1.2‒1.7 (mean = 1.5); body width: 0.8; head width; 0.6; supra-anal process length: 1.1‒1.5 (mean = 1.3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF05999F99EFC33BDC8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">First instar larvae were fixed after death, which resulted in a darker color and a dry aspect. Besides general body aspect and color, morphological description was not affected.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF05999F926FED5BC38" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF05999F926FEB7BDAC" box="[199,257,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Body</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="A5830697FD10FFF0584FF926FE22BDAC" box="[273,404,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–50" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionTargetBox="[187,1389,205,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1416,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 43–50. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), first instar larva. (43–44) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (45) head; (46) maxillae and labium; (47) labrum; (48) epipharynx; (49–50) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Figs 43‒44</figureCitation>
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) elongate, slightly flattened dorsoventrally, widest across the metathorax; with 14 pairs of lateral scoli and a pair of supra-anal processes. Integument yellow. Head, pronotum, lateral scoli, supra-anal processes and legs dark brown. Dorsal side of the body with some brown protuberances bearing dark setae. Body surface granulose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D071A12FD10FFF35999F8B6FEB9B9BF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD10FFF05999F8B6FEB2BC1C" box="[199,260,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="A5830697FD10FFF05846F8B6FED9BC1C" box="[280,367,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–50" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionTargetBox="[187,1389,205,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1416,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 43–50. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), first instar larva. (43–44) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (45) head; (46) maxillae and labium; (47) labrum; (48) epipharynx; (49–50) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
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) strongly sclerotized and hypognathous. Endocarina complete, connected to fronto-clypeal suture. Antennae short, set in membranous ring, and two-segmented: first antennomere cylindrical, wider than long; second antennomere cylindrical, longer than wide, with one sensillum at the base; five peg-like sensilla and one long sensory appendix at apex. Vertex with four lateral minute setae. Frons with five rows with very long setae: row Fa with three setae, Fb with five setae, Fc with three setae, Fd with one seta and Fe with two setae. Tempora with three long setae. Six paired prominent stemmata laterally. Clypeus transverse (
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<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35D1BFF5CFB2FBBA6" box="[1093,1177,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–50" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionTargetBox="[187,1389,205,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1416,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 43–50. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), first instar larva. (43–44) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (45) head; (46) maxillae and labium; (47) labrum; (48) epipharynx; (49–50) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618675/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
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), five times wider than long, with pair of lateral setae and sensilla. Labrum (
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<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35A7AFF3FFCCABB8B" box="[804,892,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–50" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionTargetBox="[187,1389,205,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1416,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 43–50. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), first instar larva. (43–44) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (45) head; (46) maxillae and labium; (47) labrum; (48) epipharynx; (49–50) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618675/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
) two times wider than long, anterior margin emarginated; with four long setae and two campaniform sensilla medially; two short setae and two campaniform sensilla close to emargination. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35BCFFEC7FD53BA33" box="[657,741,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–50" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionTargetBox="[187,1389,205,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1416,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 43–50. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), first instar larva. (43–44) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (45) head; (46) maxillae and labium; (47) labrum; (48) epipharynx; (49–50) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618675/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
) medially with two short setae and many pore-like sensilla; anterior margin with six robust setae on lateral sides and eight short setae on median emargination. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35C34FEACFF68BAFB" captionStart="FIGURES 43–50" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionTargetBox="[187,1389,205,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1416,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 43–50. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), first instar larva. (43–44) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (45) head; (46) maxillae and labium; (47) labrum; (48) epipharynx; (49–50) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618675/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Figs 49‒50</figureCitation>
|
||
) strongly sclerotized, with four distinct triangular teeth irregularly serrated and one small proximal serrated protuberance; dorsally with two long setae at the base and two medially sensilla. Maxillae and labium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35C1EFE74FA23BADE" box="[1344,1429,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–50" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionTargetBox="[187,1389,205,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1416,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 43–50. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), first instar larva. (43–44) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (45) head; (46) maxillae and labium; (47) labrum; (48) epipharynx; (49–50) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618675/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
) connate. Maxillary palpi two-segmented, with a distinct palpiger. First palpomere with two setae and one campaniform sensillum ventrally, second palpomere conic and rounded at apex, with group of apical sensilla, one setae and one campaniform sensillum dorsally. Mala and lacinia not distinctly delimited from palpiger. Palpiger with two long setae and two campaniform sensilla ventrally. Lacinia on dorsal side of palpiger bearing spines at apex. Mala with nine stout, pointed setae and one campaniform sensillum. Paired stipes each with three long, pointed setae. Labial palpi one-segmented with group of apical sensilla and one campaniform sensillum laterally. Prementum with six setae and four campaniform sensilla. Postmentum with two pairs of short setae and a pair of long setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD13FFF35999FD37FDB3B8BB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD13FFF35999FD37FE96B983" box="[199,288,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum with one pair of lateral prominent spiracles and three rows of very long setae, disposed as
|
||
<date id="49063CD2FD13FFF35CDBFD37FF7BB866" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" value="2010-06-06">6- 6-10</date>
|
||
. Mesonotum with two rows of protuberances: first row with eight protuberances with ten setae disposed as 2- 1-1-1-1-1-1-2; second row with six protuberances with ten setae disposed as 2-1-2-2-1-2. Metanotum with the same pattern of setae. Thoracic sternites with a few sparse and very long setae. Legs stout, three-segmented; coxa with at least four very long setae and five short setae at base. Femur strongly sclerotized, with at least seven long setae, one short seta and five campaniform sensilla at base. Tibiotarsus with single claw at the apex, with numerous stout, pointed setae around claw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD13FFF35999FC34FBEFBF47" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD13FFF35999FC34FEE3B89E" box="[199,341,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Lateral scoli</emphasis>
|
||
unbranched, with numerous long pointed setae along its length and one seta at apex. Four pairs of scoli on prothorax, one pair on mesothorax, one pair on metathorax and one pair on abdominal segments I‒VIII. Scoli of pairs X‒XI shortest, XIII‒XIV longest, shorter than the supra-anal processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD13FFF35999FBDFFD35BFB6" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD13FFF35999FBDFFE87BF2B" box="[199,305,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
with ten segments. Tergites I‒VIII with one pair of prominent lateral spiracles, their diameter slightly decreasing posteriorly. Each abdominal tergite bearing a row of setae: tergite I with 12 setae, tergites II‒VIII with ten setae. Ventrites with numerous long setae disposed in rows. Supra anal-processes unbranched, with numerous long setae; apex membranous and unarmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD13FFF35999FB2FFBE3BE7E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD13FFF35999FB2FFD13BF9B" bold="true" box="[199,677,1231,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Last instar larva. Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 2). Body length: 12.1‒13.7 (mean = 12.9); body width: 7.3; head width: 2.5‒2.6 (mean = 2.55); supra-anal process length: 2.3‒2.4 (mean = 2.35).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD13FFF35999FAF7FF50BD5E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD13FFF35999FAF7FEB7BE43" box="[199,257,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Body</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF3584FFAF7FE24BE43" box="[273,402,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–58" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1974,1997]" captionTargetBox="[179,1412,205,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 51–58. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), last instar larva. (51–52) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (53) head; (54) maxillae and labium; (55) labrum; (56) epipharynx; (57–58) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618677/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Figs 51‒52</figureCitation>
|
||
) oval, flattened dorsoventrally; widest across the metathorax and first abdominal segment; with 14 pairs of lateral scoli and a pair of supra-anal process. Dorsal side pale yellow, with brown spots uniformly distributed. Thorax dorsal side with lateral pale brown spots. Pronotum with one spot on anterior margin and two spots on posterior margin. Mesonotum with four medial spots. Metanotum with four large spots. Abdominal tergites I‒VI with similar pattern of spots: medially with six small spots and laterally one small and one large. Head, legs and lateral scoli brown, except for pair of scoli XIV, yellow. Pair of supra-anal processes yellow. Thoracic sternites pale yellow. Abdominal sternites II‒IV pale yellow with lateral brown spots, sternites V‒VIII brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD13FFF25999F9D7FC31BABC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD13FFF35999F9D7FEB2BD23" box="[199,260,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35844F9D7FEC5BD23" box="[282,371,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–58" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1974,1997]" captionTargetBox="[179,1412,205,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 51–58. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), last instar larva. (51–52) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (53) head; (54) maxillae and labium; (55) labrum; (56) epipharynx; (57–58) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618677/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
) strongly sclerotized, hypognathous and dorsally covered by the pronotum, visible only ventrally. Endocarina complete, connected to fronto-clypeal suture. Antennae short, set in membranous ring, and two-segmented: first antennomere cylindrical, wider than long, with a short seta on the internal margin; second antennomere cylindrical, longer than wide with one seta at the base; five peg-like sensilla and one sensory appendix at apex. Vertex with four lateral minute setae. Frons with about 44 pairs of setae distributed uniformly. Tempora with five long setae. Six lateral prominent stemmata, two grouped pairs positioned lateral-frontal and one pair ventral-lateral. Clypeus transverse (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35B06F8EFFD1DBC5B" box="[600,683,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–58" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1974,1997]" captionTargetBox="[179,1412,205,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 51–58. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), last instar larva. (51–52) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (53) head; (54) maxillae and labium; (55) labrum; (56) epipharynx; (57–58) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618677/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
), 5.2 times wider than long, with pair of lateral setae. Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35C31F8EFFF02BC3E" captionStart="FIGURES 51–58" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1974,1997]" captionTargetBox="[179,1412,205,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 51–58. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), last instar larva. (51–52) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (53) head; (54) maxillae and labium; (55) labrum; (56) epipharynx; (57–58) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618677/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
) two times wider than long, anterior margin emarginated; with four long setae and two campaniform sensilla medially; two short setae and two campaniform sensilla close to emargination. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35DFEF8B7FB44BC03" box="[1184,1266,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–58" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1974,1997]" captionTargetBox="[179,1412,205,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 51–58. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), last instar larva. (51–52) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (53) head; (54) maxillae and labium; (55) labrum; (56) epipharynx; (57–58) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618677/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
) medially with two short setae and two groups of nine pore-like sensilla; anterior margin with six robust setae on lateral sides and seven (it is possible one seta is missing, since the number of setae in the emargination is always even) short setae on median emargination. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD13FFF35B1CF824FD73BCAE" box="[578,709,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–58" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1974,1997]" captionTargetBox="[179,1412,205,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 51–58. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), last instar larva. (51–52) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (53) head; (54) maxillae and labium; (55) labrum; (56) epipharynx; (57–58) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618677/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Figs 57‒58</figureCitation>
|
||
) strongly sclerotized, with four distinct triangular teeth slightly serrated and one small proximal serrated protuberance; dorsally with two long setae and one sensillum. Maxillae and labium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A5830697FD12FFF25879FF5CFECCBBA6" box="[295,378,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 51–58" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1974,1997]" captionTargetBox="[179,1412,205,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 51–58. Stolas nudicollis (Boheman, 1850), last instar larva. (51–52) Habitus, dorsal and ventral; (53) head; (54) maxillae and labium; (55) labrum; (56) epipharynx; (57–58) mandible, dorsal and ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618677/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
) connate. Maxillary palpi two-segmented, with a distinct palpiger. First palpomere with two setae and one campaniform sensillum ventrally; second palpomere conic, with group of apical sensilla, one seta and one campaniform sensillum dorsally. Mala and lacinia not distinctly delimited from palpiger. Palpiger with two long setae and one campaniform sensillum ventrally. Lacinia on dorsal side of palpiger bearing spines at apex. Mala with nine stout, pointed setae and one campaniform sensillum. Paired stipes each with three long, pointed setae and one campaniform sensillum. Labial palpi one-segmented with group of apical sensilla and one campaniform sensillum laterally. Prementum with four long setae, two short setae and four campaniform sensilla. Postmentum with a pair of short setae and three pairs of long setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD12FFF25999FE3CFD59B983" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD12FFF25999FE3CFEA9BA86" box="[199,287,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum with one pair of lateral prominent spiracles and numerous short setae: 12 on anterior margin, six on each lateral margin and 14 on posterior margin. Mesonotum with one seta on each lateral side and two rows of setae: anterior row with eight setae and posterior row with six setae. Metanotum with one seta on each lateral side and two rows of setae: anterior row with eight setae and posterior row with 16 setae. Pro-, meso- and metasternum with numerous setae arranged in four groups: two lateral and two medial. Legs stout, threesegmented; coxa with numerous long setae; femur strongly sclerotized, with short and long setae distributed uniformly; with two very long setae and five campaniform sensilla at the base. Tibiotarsus with single claw at the apex, with numerous stout pointed setae around claw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD12FFF25999FD1CFBBEB82F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD12FFF25999FD1CFEE0B866" box="[199,342,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Lateral scoli</emphasis>
|
||
unbranched, with numerous spiniform projections bearing long pointed setae. Four pairs of scoli on prothorax, one pair on mesothorax, one pair on metathorax and one pair on abdominal segments I‒VIII. Scoli of pairs IX‒X shortest; V, XII‒XIII longest, longer than the supra-anal processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD12FFF25999FC87FBB6B89E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD12FFF25999FC87FE87B8F3" box="[199,305,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
with ten segments. Tergites I‒VIII with one pair of prominent lateral spiracles, their diameter slightly decreasing posteriorly, pair of tergite VIII extremely small. Abdominal sternites I‒VI with many setae distributed uniformly, sternites VII‒VIII with fewer setae. Supra anal-processes unbranched, with smooth surface, many short setae at the base; thickened basally and tapering towards apex; apex unarmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D071A12FD12FFF25999FC17FBCEBF0E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD12FFF25999FC17FE7CBF63" bold="true" box="[199,458,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8DD0104FFD12FFF25888FC18FBC2BF0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147526033" collectingDate="2013-10-10" collectingDateMax="2014-07-05" collectingDateMin="2013-10-10" collectionCode="DZRJ" collectorName="Leocadio, M. & First & Last & Leocadio & Mermudes" country="Brazil" county="Cachoeiras de Macacu" latitude="-22.447416" location="Brown Trail" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.771557" municipality="Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="DZRJ1106, DZRJ1107, DZRJ1108" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="45AF5A82FD12FFF25888FC18FD88BF63" box="[470,574,1016,1040]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF7CD4F0FD12FFF25B13FC17FD4DBF63" box="[589,763,1015,1040]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="D466629EFD12FFF25A54FC17FBA2BF7C" box="[778,1044,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Cachoeiras de Macacu</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="DD638068FD12FFF25D7DFC18FA2EBF63" box="[1059,1432,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="38674CC9FD12FFF259C9FBFDFE94BF46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B511AB04FD10FFF259C9FB4CFBCEBF0E:38674CC9FD12FFF259C9FBFDFE94BF46" box="[151,290,1052,1077]" country="Brazil" county="Cachoeiras de Macacu" latitude="-22.447416" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.771557" municipality="Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu" name="Brown Trail" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Brown Trail</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="588C7CD5FD12FFF2586BFBFCFE60BF47" box="[309,470,1052,1077]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" precision="1" value="-22.447416">22°26'50,7" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="588C7CD5FD12FFF258B8FBFCFD25BF47" box="[486,659,1052,1077]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" precision="1" value="-42.771557">42°46'17,6" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="38674CC9FD12FFF25BF4FBFDFD54BF47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B511AB04FD10FFF259C9FB4CFBCEBF0E:38674CC9FD12FFF25BF4FBFDFD54BF47" box="[682,738,1053,1076]" country="Brazil" county="Cachoeiras de Macacu" latitude="-22.447416" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-42.771557" municipality="Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu" name="Eggs" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD12FFF25BF4FBFDFD54BF47" box="[682,738,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Eggs</emphasis>
|
||
</location>
|
||
: 13 collected on
|
||
<collectingDate id="5942C53AFD12FFF25AEEFBFCFB94BF47" box="[944,1058,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" value="2013-10-10">
|
||
<date id="49063CD2FD12FFF25AEEFBFCFB94BF47" box="[944,1058,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" value="2013-10-10">10.x.2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="904D7FC4FD12FFF25D6FFBFCFB7DBF47" box="[1073,1227,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Leocádio, M.</collectorName>
|
||
col. (
|
||
<specimenCode id="6D1EB269FD12FFF25C4EFBFCFA27BF46" box="[1296,1425,1052,1077]" collectionCode="DZRJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">DZRJ1106</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD12FFF259C9FBA1FED3BF2B" box="[151,357,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectorName id="904D7FC4FD12FFF259C9FBA1FF7BBF2B" box="[151,205,1089,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">First</collectorName>
|
||
instar larvae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: 4 collected on
|
||
<collectingDate id="5942C53AFD12FFF25B45FBA0FD38BF2B" box="[539,654,1088,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" value="2013-10-10">
|
||
<date id="49063CD2FD12FFF25B45FBA0FD38BF2B" box="[539,654,1088,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" value="2013-10-10">10.x.2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="904D7FC4FD12FFF25BC4FBDFFC87BF24" box="[666,817,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Leocádio, M.</collectorName>
|
||
col. (
|
||
<specimenCode id="6D1EB269FD12FFF25A2FFBA0FC59BF2B" box="[881,1007,1088,1112]" collectionCode="DZRJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">DZRJ1107</specimenCode>
|
||
) (one dissected).
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCCC600FD12FFF25DE8FBA1FAC9BF2B" box="[1206,1407,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<collectorName id="904D7FC4FD12FFF25DE8FBA1FB50BF2B" box="[1206,1254,1089,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Last</collectorName>
|
||
instar larvae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: 1 collected on
|
||
<collectingDate id="5942C53AFD12FFF25878FB84FE1EBF0E" box="[294,424,1124,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" value="2014-07-05">
|
||
<date id="49063CD2FD12FFF25878FB84FE1EBF0E" box="[294,424,1124,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" value="2014-07-05">05.vii.2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="904D7FC4FD12FFF258EAFB84FDAABF0E" box="[436,540,1124,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Leocádio</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="904D7FC4FD12FFF25B61FB84FD01BF0E" box="[575,695,1124,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Mermudes</collectorName>
|
||
col. (
|
||
<specimenCode id="6D1EB269FD12FFF25BA8FB84FCC2BF0F" box="[758,884,1124,1148]" collectionCode="DZRJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">DZRJ1108</specimenCode>
|
||
) (only head dissected)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |