182 lines
16 KiB
XML
182 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="C43D456CDBBC4693B695F09233AE7A32" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10012543" ID-ZooBank="7CDE221A-1E73-416D-A984-23E64D9451A6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1697528271103" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Çiçek, Erdoğan, Jawad, Laith, Eagderi, Soheil, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Mouludi-Saleh, Atta, Sungur, Sevil & Fricke, Ronald" docDate="2023" docId="D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5357.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5357 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Carcharhinus leucas" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="2A61FF9CFFABFF85985FD605FFCEFFC0" masterDocTitle="Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1697639214288" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AF2D617FB308797DDBCD220E8A6F2EDB">Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8A7FFE342ABC10CB6B7C718FC8CA1DDB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="50469D79E04A9DE3915FDAB49DF2743B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F0538EC107C77D8A314BDC184347A1F6">Çiçek, Erdoğan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F41F221DF3E4879DF2B64ED5DADC979">Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı BektaşVeli University, Nevşehir, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="E1B6CE1E65CD1FEB836C7170DF1D2590" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="63903B0CAFCD1B8DB6818001E62EF798">Jawad, Laith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B03002C366AE0DB65B33B2FB14A6DC68">School of Environmental and Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6D20FBBC64BAAC8A0AB9AF374A3ED1EC">Eagderi, Soheil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DA17D92B452A247DF724327EFC009821">Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="5F9FCAF2C45E460DEF551B308EA748E1">Esmaeili, Hamid Reza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1D1749F4E77F4619F5EBBDC47DAFBA5C">Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8F473E6041C2629DDD200CBC67F17C4A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="112B4B39D5818F30BBD2A4A1E1BEC0FA">Mouludi-Saleh, Atta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="67CE6FAB968874DA7C3298D99C116253">Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BE2B39CF666125017DA01406367D9B39">Sungur, Sevil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C19DC5A12396BA9CCD950CED0FD66B10">Health Services Vocational School, Nevşehir Hacı BektaşVeli University, Nevşehir, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C3C1BA00A9F730CC85304A5EE27E528F">Fricke, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C0D745FF2381889B2E3F5BEC3B5E1D0D">Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B4028ED03E6B0906DFF2D0F552B07B8C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5E61C72C22151CAB8766E6B921C6119D">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="35011E35A63BCBB343DECF16ED696D62">2023-10-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F8ADADEA3FD976CE84B056C693D1C1C4">5357</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B76857A2686615A1F8831719D740A344">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0728630EF55DD41F0E9E944724647988">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EEBF76C5F0BDB0D8FD0CC54DFCA5CB53" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5357.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="02F455C20F20910096B5FD44518354A2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="16EB6579FFA8FF8698C8D387FCA2FA5D" box="[151,876,1410,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA8FF8698C8D387FCA2FA5D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,1941]" box="[151,876,1410,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="0506819EFFA8FF8698C8D387FCA2FA5D" bold="true" box="[151,876,1410,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF8698C8D387FCA2FA5D" bold="true" box="[151,876,1410,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="99F14D71FFA8FF8698C8D387FD55FA5C" ID-CoL="R3NW" authority="(Valenciennes, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[151,667,1410,1437]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucas">
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF8698C8D387FE5BFA5D" bold="true" box="[151,405,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Carcharhinus leucas</emphasis>
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(Valenciennes, 1839)
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</taxonomicName>
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[N]—Bull shark
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="16EB6579FFA8FF8698C8D3A2FB88F9C9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA8FF8698C8D3A2FB88F9C9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF8698C8D3A2FED4FA01" bold="true" box="[151,282,1447,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="EE993CAFFFA8FF869940D3A2FB8CF9C9" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Iraq" location="western Atlantic" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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Original description:
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<taxonomicName id="99F14D71FFA8FF869A54D3A2FBA2FA01" authority="Valenciennes, 1839: 42" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1839" box="[523,1132,1447,1473]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucas" subGenus="Prionodon">
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF869A54D3A2FD44FA01" box="[523,650,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Carcharias</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF869AC7D3A2FCDEFA01" box="[664,784,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Prionodon</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF869B41D3A2FCA8FA01" box="[798,870,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">leucas</emphasis>
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Valenciennes, 1839: 42
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</taxonomicName>
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[Antilles,
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<location id="5B2E6029FFA8FF869C80D3A2FA56FA01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D65887E4FFA8FF8698C8D387FD86F855:5B2E6029FFA8FF869C80D3A2FA56FA01" box="[1247,1432,1447,1473]" country="Iraq" name="western Atlantic" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">western Atlantic</location>
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;
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<typeStatus id="814A8850FFA8FF8698BCD3CEFE87FA25" box="[227,329,1483,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">syntypes</typeStatus>
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: (4)
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<collectionCode id="38E0AE37FFA8FF869926D3CEFE01FA25" box="[377,463,1483,1509]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNHN</collectionCode>
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A-9650 (1, dry), A-9652 (1, dry), uncat. (2, lost)].—
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<collectingCountry id="26E67662FFA8FF869C4ED3CEFB8FFA25" box="[1041,1089,1483,1509]" name="Iraq" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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synonyms: None.—Revisions: Compagno (1984: 478).—Illustration: photo of teeth in
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<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA8FF869B0BD3EAFB8CF9C9" author="Hussain, N. A. & Rasen, A. K. & Al, B. Y. & Coad, B. W." box="[852,1090,1519,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="140 - 143" refId="ref38291" refString="Hussain, N. A., Rasen, A. K., Al, B. Y. & Coad, B. W. (2012) Bull shark occurrence Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839) at the inland waters of southern Iraq. Journal of Duhok University, 15 (1), 140 - 143." type="journal article" year="2012">
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Hussain
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF869BEAD3EAFC28F9C9" box="[949,998,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2012)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="16EB6579FFA8FF8698C8D017FD10F991" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA8FF8698C8D017FD10F991" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF8698C8D017FE8AF9ED" bold="true" box="[151,324,1554,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Status in
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<collectingCountry id="26E67662FFA8FF869957D016FEF1F9ED" box="[264,319,1555,1581]" name="Iraq" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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First record from Iraq by
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<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA8FF869A33D016FCD2F9ED" author="Gunther, A." box="[620,796,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="36 - 38" refId="ref37798" refString="Gunther, A. (1874) A contribution to the fauna of the river Tigris. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 14 (79) (Art. 8), 36 - 38, pls. 8 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937408680918" type="journal article" year="1874">Günther (1874)</bibRefCitation>
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; confirmed by
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<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA8FF869B98D016FB4FF9ED" author="Kennedy, W. P." box="[967,1153,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="745 - 749" refId="ref39769" refString="Kennedy, W. P. (1937) Some additions to the fauna of Iraq. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 39, 745 - 749." type="journal article" year="1937">Kennedy (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA8FF869CD3D016FA59F9ED" author="Al-Hassan, L. A. & Hussain, N. A. & Soud, K. D." box="[1164,1431,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="283 - 288" refId="ref32216" refString="Al-Hassan, L. A. J, Hussain, N. A. & Soud, K. D. (1989) A preliminary annotated checklist of the fishes of Shatt Al-Arab river, Basrah, IRAQ. Polish Archives of Hydrobiology, 36 (2), 283 - 288." type="journal article" year="1989">
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Al-Hassan
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF869D55D016FAF5F9ED" box="[1290,1339,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (1989)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA8FF8698BCD032FE03F991" author="Hussain, N. A. & Rasen, A. K. & Al, B. Y. & Coad, B. W." box="[227,461,1591,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="140 - 143" refId="ref38291" refString="Hussain, N. A., Rasen, A. K., Al, B. Y. & Coad, B. W. (2012) Bull shark occurrence Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839) at the inland waters of southern Iraq. Journal of Duhok University, 15 (1), 140 - 143." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Hussain
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF86991BD032FEBBF991" box="[324,373,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2012)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
.—Iraq materials: None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="16EB6579FFA8FF8698C8D05FFC2FF8C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA8FF8698C8D05FFC2FF8C5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF8698C8D05FFE02F9B4" bold="true" box="[151,460,1626,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
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Distribution in
|
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<collectingCountry id="26E67662FFA8FF869AD1D05EFD71F9B5" box="[654,703,1627,1653]" name="Iraq" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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: Persian Gulf.—General distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas (including the Caribbean Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of California/
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<collectingCountry id="26E67662FFA8FF869C43D07AFBBCF959" box="[1052,1138,1663,1689]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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).—Habitat: The species is demersal and pelagic in tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate waters, both inshore and offshore. The species is euryhaline; it commonly moves into estuarine and fresh waters, where females normally give birth and the young can remain for up to five years. Freshwater, brackish, marine.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="16EB6579FFA8FF8698C8D10BFD09F8E9" box="[151,711,1806,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA8FF8698C8D10BFD09F8E9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,1941]" box="[151,711,1806,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF8698C8D10BFE6AF8E8" bold="true" box="[151,420,1806,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Economic importance.</emphasis>
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Commercially important.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="16EB6579FFA8FF8698C8D137FD86F855" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA8FF8698C8D137FD86F855" blockId="3.[151,1437,1410,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA8FF8698C8D137FEF1F88C" bold="true" box="[151,319,1842,1868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Conservation.</emphasis>
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Conservation status in
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<collectingCountry id="26E67662FFA8FF869A0FD136FD4FF88D" box="[592,641,1843,1869]" name="Iraq" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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||
: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: CLI, FIT, HAB.— Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |