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<mods:title id="292E68555A516C316237BF0B672995BC">Freshwater fishes of Iraq: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DFB260915654A2797F6C82F5F34507E3">Çiçek, Erdoğan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F55F7B1A92825AFAA44EF2BE54F21055">Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı BektaşVeli University, Nevşehir, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3ED772D877FB5BC40D1CBC10667787D5">Jawad, Laith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="492EFAB974B7AA811FDB7DA72E3E41D7">Eagderi, Soheil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F9A26648C3B2394A06669A6E191608B">Esmaeili, Hamid Reza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="065E7E07A4ED5C4D5D4AB59B5BD94EC5">Mouludi-Saleh, Atta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A55034B7920AF7DA7A8A5C14C3D9976B">Sungur, Sevil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="285DE2024426CB3E6BA147E348CBAD06">Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="0506819EFFA6FF8898C8D5F3FCD8FBD0" bold="true" box="[151,790,1014,1040]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="99F14D71FFA6FF8898C8D5F3FDD1FBD0" ID-CoL="33HRJ" ID-ENA="2653404" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,543,1014,1040]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpio">
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA6FF8898C8D5F3FE94FBD0" bold="true" box="[151,346,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cyprinus carpio</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA6FF88993ED5F3FDD1FBD0" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[353,543,1014,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref40481" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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[I]—Common carp
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA6FF8898C8D21FFED4FBF4" bold="true" box="[151,282,1050,1076]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
Original description:
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<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA6FF889A4FD21EFD09FBF4" box="[528,711,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cyprinus carpio</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA6FF889A91D21FFC7DFBF4" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[718,947,1050,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref40481" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 320</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[Europe;
<typeStatus id="814A8850FFA6FF889C7CD21EFB47FBF5" box="[1059,1161,1051,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">syntypes</typeStatus>
: BMNH 1853.11.12.139 (1, skin)].—
<collectingCountry id="26E67662FFA6FF889936D23BFE57FB98" box="[361,409,1086,1112]" name="Iraq" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Iraq</collectingCountry>
synonyms: None.—Revisions:
<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA6FF889AA1D23AFC72FB98" author="Berg, L. S." box="[766,956,1086,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 496" refId="ref33166" refString="Berg, L. S. (1949) Ryby presnych vod SSSR i sopredelnych stan. [Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 2. 4 th Edition. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR. [Guide to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R.], Moskva. Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries, No. 29, 467 - 925. [in Russian, English translation appeared in Israel Program of Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1964, pp. 1 - 496]" type="journal article" year="1949">Berg (1949: 831)</bibRefCitation>
.—Illustration:
<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA6FF889C34D23AFAEAFB98" author="Berg, L. S." box="[1131,1316,1086,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 496" refId="ref33166" refString="Berg, L. S. (1949) Ryby presnych vod SSSR i sopredelnych stan. [Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 2. 4 th Edition. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR. [Guide to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R.], Moskva. Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries, No. 29, 467 - 925. [in Russian, English translation appeared in Israel Program of Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1964, pp. 1 - 496]" type="journal article" year="1949">Berg (1949: 833</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 572).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA6FF8898C8D267FD22FB61" blockId="13.[151,1437,1014,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA6FF8898C8D267FE88FBBC" bold="true" box="[151,326,1122,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Status in
<collectingCountry id="26E67662FFA6FF889955D267FE8FFBBC" box="[266,321,1122,1148]" name="Iraq" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Iraq</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Introduced by the government of Iraq during the period 19601972 (
<bibRefCitation id="3A604B03FFA6FF889C03D267FB3EFBBC" author="Jawad, L." box="[1116,1264,1122,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="581 - 593" refId="ref38468" refString="Jawad, L. (2003) Impact of environmental change on the freshwater fish fauna of Iraq. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 60 (6), 581 - 593. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0020723032000087934" type="journal article" year="2003">Jawad, 2003</bibRefCitation>
); confirmed by Al-Faisal
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA6FF88990DD282FE4DFB60" box="[338,387,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
. (2014).—Iraq materials: None.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA6FF8898C8D2AFFBD5FA94" blockId="13.[151,1437,1014,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA6FF8898C8D2AFFE0DFB04" bold="true" box="[151,451,1194,1220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="26E67662FFA6FF889A27D2AEFD67FB05" box="[632,681,1195,1221]" name="Iraq" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Iraq</collectingCountry>
: Tigris and Euphrates River basins and translocated somewhere.— General distribution: Western Europe (native to the Black Sea basin, possibly also Caspian and Aral seas basins), widely introduced worldwide, also many multicolor varieties.—Habitat: This species inhabits Warm, deep, slow-flowing, and still waters, such as lowland rivers and large, well-vegetated lakes. Introduced in all
<typeStatus id="814A8850FFA6FF8898BCD33EFED0FA95" box="[227,286,1339,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">types</typeStatus>
of water bodies. Spawns along shores or in backwaters. Freshwater.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA6FF8898C8D35BFD09FAB8" blockId="13.[151,1437,1014,1473]" box="[151,711,1374,1400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA6FF8898C8D35BFE6AFAB8" bold="true" box="[151,420,1374,1400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Economic importance.</emphasis>
Commercially important.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA6FF8898C8D387FB8DFA5C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1014,1473]" box="[151,1091,1410,1437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA6FF8898C8D387FE75FA5C" bold="true" box="[151,443,1410,1436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Reasons of introduction.</emphasis>
Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="16EB6579FFA6FF8898C8D3A3FD0FFA00" box="[151,705,1446,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="5E4E36F2FFA6FF8898C8D3A3FD0FFA00" blockId="13.[151,1437,1014,1473]" box="[151,705,1446,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="6C85EAE0FFA6FF8898C8D3A3FEF1FA00" bold="true" box="[151,319,1446,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Conservation.</emphasis>
Not relevant (introduced species).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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