treatments-xml/data/4F/CB/60/4FCB60FD35ECF2A55E213AF56B795186.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6175" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c2d6af1-fa7c-4215-8888-a12103c9a03d" ID-PMC="PMC4714344" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-546-21" ID-PubMed="26798303" ID-ZBK="076059EADBE54848993B5EDAA90E305E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-546-21" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 546" ModsDocTitle="Lepidasthenialoboi sp. n. from Puerto Madryn, Argentina (Polychaeta, Polynoidae)" checkinTime="1451243622091" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Gonzalez, Norma Emilia &amp; Salazar-Silva, Patricia" docDate="2015" docId="4FCB60FD35ECF2A55E213AF56B795186" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 546: 21-37" docOrigin="ZooKeys 546" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6175" docTitle="Lepidasthenia loboi Salazar-Vallejo, Gonzalez &amp; Salazar-Silva, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="75B1A4B8-4684-49AD-87EA-922AFC4384F2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF8FFFA73B56FF83FFFA9C52F52C6645" masterDocTitle="Lepidasthenialoboi sp. n. from Puerto Madryn, Argentina (Polychaeta, Polynoidae)" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668162337477" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Lepidasthenialoboi sp. n. from Puerto Madryn, Argentina (Polychaeta, Polynoidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gonzalez, Norma Emilia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Salazar-Silva, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number>546</mods:number>
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<mods:start>21</mods:start>
<mods:end>37</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6175</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6175</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127877659" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:75B1A4B8-4684-49AD-87EA-922AFC4384F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4FCB60FD35ECF2A55E213AF56B795186" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Taxon classification Animalia Phyllodocida Polynoidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/75B1A4B8-4684-49AD-87EA-922AFC4384F2" class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="27">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 1, 2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia esbelta" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="esbelta">Lepidasthenia esbelta</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Barnich, R" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="395 - 410" title="Remarks on some scale worms (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from the Southwest Atlantic with notes on the genus Eucranta Malmgren, 1866, and description of a new Harmothoe species." url="10.1007/s12526-012-0117-4" volume="42" year="2012">Barnich et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 406-407 (non Amaral &amp; Nonato, 1982).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
Southwestern Atlantic, Argentina. Cerro Avanzado, 16 km southward from Puerto Madryn (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-42.816666">42°49'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.066666">65°04'W</geoCoordinate>
), Golfo Nuevo. Holotype (ECOSUR 176), and 12 paratypes, rocky shore, intertidal, in mudstone, within tubes of 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus antarcticus" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">Thelepus antarcticus</taxonomicName>
Kinberg, 1867, coll. 27 Feb. 2013, J.M. Orensanz, N.E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
&amp; S.I. Salazar-Vallejo [Paratypes: Two (ECOSUR 177), 45-64 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, 83-97 chaetigers; two paratypes (LACM 7040), 30-32 mm long, 4 mm wide, 63-77 chaetigers; two paratypes (MACN), 40-58 mm long, 4.0-4.5 mm wide, 78-90 chaetigers; three paratypes (MZUSP 2857), 12-42 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, 37-83 chaetigers; two paratypes (ZUEC 17781, 17782), 36-39 mm long, 4 mm wide, 79-80 chaetigers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
Southwestern Atlantic, Argentina. One specimen (ECOSUR), San Antonio Oeste (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-40.733334">40°44'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.95">64°57'W</geoCoordinate>
), Golfo San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matías">Matias</normalizedToken>
, 3 m, coll. 10 Oct. 2005, J.M. Orensanz (30 mm long, 4 mm wide, 70 chaetigers). Six anterior fragments (ECOSUR), Cerro Avanzado, 16 km southward from Puerto Madryn (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-42.816666">42°49'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.066666">65°04'W</geoCoordinate>
), rocky shore, intertidal, in mudstone, with 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus antarcticus" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">Thelepus antarcticus</taxonomicName>
Kinberg, 1867, coll. 27 Feb. 2013, J.M. Orensanz, N.E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
&amp; S.I. Salazar-Vallejo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
Holotype (ECOSUR 176) twisted, almost complete (without anal cirri). Body 64 mm long, 5 mm wide (at chaetiger 1, without chaetae), 99 chaetigers. 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="28" start="start">Antennae</pageBreakToken>
, palps and tentacular cirri pale. Dorsal cirri with blackish cirrophore, cirrostyles with subdistal blackish ring, tips pale (Fig. 1A). Dorsum with almost continuous thick, lateral, longitudinal dark-brown bands; bands continuous in chaetigers 1-4, medial areas paler; chaetiger 5 pale, alternating with blackish transverse band (Fig. 1B, C). First transverse band (chaetiger 6) slightly longer than corresponding segment, followed by irregular transverse bands occupying slightly more than half of segment length along 6 chaetigers, middorsal areas with irregular brownish spots, bands then alternating to chaetiger 21, thereafter darker bands every three segments but intermediate segments paler, maculated. First elytra greyish, largest (Fig. 1A); following ones 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="29" start="start">blackish</pageBreakToken>
, markedly smaller. Venter smooth; anterior third pale, posterior two-thirds with discontinuous darker, blackish bands along nephridial lobes areas; midventral region slightly less pigmented, ventral chord area paler (Fig. 1D). Far posterior segments with darker pigmentation ventrally. Nephridial papillae projecting, dark.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
Figure 1. 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype (ECOSUR 176) A Anterior end, right lateral view B Dorsal surfaces, medial (left) and posterior (right) regions C Dorsal surface, posterior end (arrow points to an asymmetrical parapodium) D Ventral surface, posterior end (inset: close-up of right parapodia). Bars: 1.1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B, D), 1.3 mm (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Prostomium with eyes black, medium-sized (as wide as antennal width), central on prostomium; anterior eyes more separated than posterior ones (Fig. 2A). Medial antenna slightly longer than laterals; ceratophores of similar width, slightly longer than wide; ceratostyles tapered, with long tips. Palps 3-4 times thicker than antennae, right one 2.5 times longer than medial antenna, left one regenerating. Segment 1 with tentacular cirri 1.3 times as long as, and slightly thicker than, antennae, tapered, with long tips mucro.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
Figure 2. 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A Paratype (ECOSUR 177b), anterior end, dorsal view, first two pairs of elytra removed B Paratype (ECOSUR 177a), chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: neurochaetal tips) C Same, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: neurochaetal tips) D Same, chaetiger 29, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: neurochaetae) E Same, chaetiger 59, right parapodium, anterior view, larger chaetae broken (inset: neurochaetae) F Same, chaetiger 80, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: neurochaetae). Bars: 0.1 mm (A), 40 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
), 45 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(E), 25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Elytra on segments 2, 4, 5, alternating with dorsal cirri to chaetiger 26, thereafter on every three segments but last 7 segments more irregular. First pair of elytra largest, covering prostomium and middorsal region, grayish, slightly darker around junction area, laterally with a paler, thin area. Second pair of elytra blackish, oval, less than half as large as first elytra, slightly overlapping anterior elytra, not covering middorsal region, laterally with a paler, thin area. Third pair of elytra blackish, subcircular, less than half as large as second elytra, non-overlapping with previous elytra, not covering middorsal region. Following elytra with same pigmentation, progressively reducing in size, up to chaetiger 20, about twice as large as junction area.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Parapodia sub-biramous throughout body. Notopodia reduced to a projecting, digitate lobe, reducing in size posteriorly. Neuropodia projecting lobes throughout body, neurochaetal lobes truncate or rounded. Dorsal cirri with cirrophores blackish, about as long as wide, cirrostyles tapered, with long tips, longer anteriorly, slightly reducing in length and pigmentation posteriorly, about twice as long as neuropodium. Ventral cirri small, tapered, basal-half blackish, tips mucronate, arising at base of parapodia, about as long as half neuropodial length.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Notopodia without notochaetae. Neurochaetae of different size and shape. Anterior chaetigers with about 15 neurochaetae per bundle, of similar width, smaller ventrally, each with bidentate tips, accessory tooth smaller, directed distally, and 10 or more series of subdistal lamellae (Fig. 2B, C). Medial chaetigers with one giant (thicker, more than twice as wide as other ones), brownish, superior neurochaeta with series of 5-6 tiny spines, tips unidentate, and about 10 thinner bidentate chaetae with series of 5-6 lamellae, becoming thinner and smaller ventrally (Fig. 2D, E). Posterior neuropodia with 1-2 slightly wider, superior chaetae and 4-5 thinner neurochaetae (Fig. 2F). Neuraciculae hyaline, tapered.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Posterior region tapered; pygidium truncate, anus dorsal. Nephridial papillae from chaetiger 9; anterior region with papillae pale, smaller along anterior body half, progressively larger and darker in posterior body half.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Pharynx (observed in some paratypes) with marginal prismatic papillae, upper ones larger, 9 upper and 9 lower. Two pairs of dark brown jaws.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
This species name honors the late 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
Orensanz, in recognition of his many contributions to the study of Southwestern Atlantic and Antarctic polychaetes, of his continued support of our research dreams, and for his participation 
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="30" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
the field trip that collected the species. The specific epithet is derived from his nickname, Lobo, and is a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
Cerro Avanzado rocky shore, intertidal, Puerto Madryn (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-42.816666">42°49'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.066666">65°04'W</geoCoordinate>
), Golfo Nuevo, Argentina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
Paratypes 12-64 mm long, 2-6 mm wide, 37-99 chaetigers. Smallest specimen with transverse bands restricted to anterior region; larger specimens more heavily pigmented and showing variation in the amount of spots or darkening of paler areas between successive transverse bands. Intensity of pigmentation increased in larger specimens, and in some (including holotype), posterior region had an irregular pattern probably due to imperfect regeneration, which is rather uncommon in other errant polychaetes (
<bibRefCitation author="Yanez-Rivera, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="137 - 143" title="Regeneration in the stinging fireworm Eurythoe (Annelida): Lipid and triglyceride evaluation." url="10.1016/j.jembe.2014.05.023" volume="459" year="2014">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yáñez-Rivera">Yanez-Rivera</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. has been confused with 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia esbelta" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="esbelta">Lepidasthenia esbelta</taxonomicName>
Amaral &amp; Nonato, 1982, described from southern Brazil because both live with 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus" order="Terebellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Thelepus</taxonomicName>
, have similar size and pigmentation patterns, and giant neurochaetae. However, they differ in several diagnostic features such as the size of eyes, the type of cephalic and parapodial appendages, size of anterior elytra, topology of parapodial cirri, and tips of neura 
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="31" start="start">ciculae</pageBreakToken>
. In 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. eyes are of the same size, cephalic and parapodial cirri have long tapered tips, second pair of elytra is larger than third, ventral cirri arise basally to neuropodia such that they do not reach the tips of the chaetal lobe, and neuraciculae are tapered. On the contrary, in 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia esbelta" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="esbelta">Lepidasthenia esbelta</taxonomicName>
posterior eyes are larger than the anterior ones, cephalic and parapodial appendages are subdistally swollen, the second and third pairs of elytra are of the same size, ventral cirri are medially placed such that their tips reach the tips of the neurochaetal lobe, and the neuroaciculae have falcate tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
Another species has been recorded from Brazil by 
<bibRefCitation author="Nonato, EF" journalOrPublisher="Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="63 - 91" title="Sobre algunos poliquetas de escama do Nordeste do Brasil." url="10.1590/S0373-55241969000100008" volumeTitle="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" year="1970">Nonato and Luna (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, and by 
<bibRefCitation author="Amaral, ACZ" journalOrPublisher="Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brasilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" title="Anelideos poliquetos da costa brasileira, 3. Aphroditidae e Polynoidae." year="1982">Amaral and Nonato (1982)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia virens" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">Lepidasthenia virens</taxonomicName>
(Blanchard in Gay, 1849). These records indicate a lepidastheniin without notochaetae that resembles 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
because of the type of antennae and tentacular cirri, although palps are shorter than antennae, and by the relative size and position of parapodial cirri, although they illustrated a mature female with hypertrophied dorsal cirrophores. They gave no further detail and the affinities between these two species cannot be clarified. However, two issues deserve comments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
First, 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia virens" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">Lepidasthenia virens</taxonomicName>
was described briefly with material from Calbuco (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-41.766666">41°46'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.13333">73°08'W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
, Chile. The description and illustration indicates that elytra are large enough to touch each other along the body but while leaving the middorsal surface uncovered (
<bibRefCitation author="Blanchard, E" editor="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="5 - 39" title="Anulares." url="http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/mc0019535.pdf" volumeTitle="Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Zoologia" year="1849">Blanchard 1849</bibRefCitation>
:16, Pl. 1, Fig. 2: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“…">&quot;...</normalizedToken>
dejando descubierta la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="porción">porcion</normalizedToken>
del medio del dorso, y en cuanto 
<normalizedToken originalValue="á">a</normalizedToken>
la longitud del cuerpo apenas si se cubren&quot;). 
<bibRefCitation author="Ehlers, E" journalOrPublisher="Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" title="Die Polychaeten des magellanischen und chilenischen Strandes: Ein faunisticher Versuch. Fetschrift zur Feier des Hundertfuenfzigjaerigen Bestehens der Koeniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Goettingen." year="1901">Ehlers (1901</bibRefCitation>
:54, Pl. 3, Figs 10-16) described 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia irregularis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="irregularis">Lepidasthenia irregularis</taxonomicName>
with material from the same locality; this species has elytra touching each other, leaving the middorsal surface bare, and notochaetae are present in anterior parapodia. If 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia virens" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">Lepidasthenia virens</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia irregularis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="irregularis">Lepidasthenia irregularis</taxonomicName>
are synonyms then they both belong in 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidametria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidametria" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lepidametria</taxonomicName>
by having notochaetae and large elytra overlapping or touching successive ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
Second, 
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 155" title="Polychaetous annelids, 1. Aphroditidae to Pisionidae." url="http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15799coll82/id/15606" volume="7" year="1939">Hartman (1939</bibRefCitation>
: 46) noticed this synonymy but because she studied material from a more tropical region, her illustrations do not match 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ehlers’">Ehlers'</normalizedToken>
ones. Her specimens have no notochaetae, and neurochaetae are very abundant (ca. 20 per bundle vs about 10 per bundle). Consequently, the Eastern tropical Pacific material belongs to another, probably undescribed species, and they differ from true 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia virens" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">Lepidasthenia virens</taxonomicName>
(? = 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia irregularis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="irregularis">Lepidasthenia irregularis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" type="ecological notes">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus antarcticus" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">Thelepus antarcticus</taxonomicName>
Kinberg, 1867 builds its tubes with a mucoid protein forming a semi-transparent matrix with attached fragments of shells or other calcareous fragments. Tubes run inside rock crevices or fractures and are difficult to track individually because they break when the rock is fragmented. There were 34 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus antarcticus" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">Thelepus antarcticus</taxonomicName>
specimens plus six belonging to two other terebellid species, making it the most frequent thelepodid (or terebellid) in the rocky intertidal environment. About half of 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
specimens remained inside 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Thelepus</taxonomicName>
tubes, whereas the others left the tubes as the rock was broken. In total, there were 19 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
specimens taken at Cerro Avanzado, and there were polynoids in only one-third of the 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Thelepus</taxonomicName>
tubes, half the rate of association between 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus crispus" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="crispus">Thelepus crispus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Halosydna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halosydna brevisetosa" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevisetosa">Halosydna brevisetosa</taxonomicName>
found by 
<bibRefCitation author="Morgan, JB" journalOrPublisher="Portland State University" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" title="Physiological and behavior studies of Thelepuscrispus and its commensal Halosydnabrevisetosa." url="http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3010&amp;context=open_access_etds" year="1974">Morgan (1974)</bibRefCitation>
. It would be interesting to conduct a more detailed study to find out what are the functional relationships between 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus antarcticus" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">Thelepus antarcticus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Some specimens exhibited regeneration of palps, antennae, or both, indicating there must be some in 
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="32" start="start">teractions</pageBreakToken>
with other invertebrates, possibly other scale-worms. Some of the anterior fragments were dissected for gut contents but none were found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
The specimens were found in two localities in two southern Argentina Gulfs: Cerro Avanzado, Puerto Madryn, Golfo Nuevo, and San Antonio Oeste, Golfo San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matías">Matias</normalizedToken>
, but might co-occur with 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus antarcticus" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">Thelepus antarcticus</taxonomicName>
throughout its distribution. 
<bibRefCitation author="Kinberg, JGH" journalOrPublisher="Ofversigt af Konglelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Foerhandlingar" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="337 - 357" title="Annulata Nova (Anthostomea, Chloraemea, Chaetopterea, Maldanea, Ammocharidea, Ampharetea, Terebellea, Hermellea, Serpulea, Teletusea, Hirudinacea)." volume="23" year="1867 (1866)">Kinberg (1867</bibRefCitation>
: 345) described 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus antarcticus" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">Thelepus antarcticus</taxonomicName>
from the intertidal in York Bay, Bucket Island, Magellan Strait. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 158" title="PolychaetaMyzostomidae and Sedentaria of Antarctica." url="10.1029/ar007" volume="7" year="1966">Hartman (1966</bibRefCitation>
:109) and 
<bibRefCitation author="Rozbaczylo, N" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia y Tecnologia Marinas" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="71 - 90" title="Poliquetos bentonicos submareales de fondos blandos de la region de Aysen: Clado Terebellida (Annelida, Polychaeta)." volume="29" year="2006">Rozbaczylo et al. (2006</bibRefCitation>
: 83) regarded it as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus plagiostoma" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="plagiostoma">Thelepus plagiostoma</taxonomicName>
(Schmarda, 1861: 41), described from New Zealand. However, this synonymy was not based upon a study of type material so these two species must be regarded as distinct until a future comparison involving type specimens indicates otherwise. The distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus antarcticus" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">Thelepus antarcticus</taxonomicName>
would correspond to Patagonian shores, along southern Chile and Argentina, in intertidal to shallow water bottoms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="key to species of lepidasthenia malmgren, 1867 with giant neurochaetae">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
Key to species of 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lepidasthenia</taxonomicName>
Malmgren, 1867 with giant neurochaetae
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<table pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<tr pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<td colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<td colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<td colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia elegans" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elegans">Lepidasthenia elegans</taxonomicName>
(Grube, 1840)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<td colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia ornata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ornata">Lepidasthenia ornata</taxonomicName>
Treadwell, 1937
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<td colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia esbelta" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="esbelta">Lepidasthenia esbelta</taxonomicName>
Amaral &amp; Nonato, 1982
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<td colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia loboi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loboi">Lepidasthenia loboi</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
* A junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia virens" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">Lepidasthenia virens</taxonomicName>
(Blanchard in Gay, 1849) fide 
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="243 - 310" title="Polychaetous annelids erected by Treadwell, 1891 - 1948, together with a brief chronology." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/89272/summary" volume="109" year="1956">Hartman (1956</bibRefCitation>
: 271); they are probably different. 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia virens" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">Lepidasthenia virens</taxonomicName>
was described from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
, southern Chile, whereas 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia ornata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ornata">Lepidasthenia ornata</taxonomicName>
is from western Mexico. If 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia virens" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="virens">Lepidasthenia virens</taxonomicName>
is the same as 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidasthenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidasthenia irregularis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="irregularis">Lepidasthenia irregularis</taxonomicName>
Ehlers, 1901, both described from the same locality in Chile, and having large notopodia, the latter provided with notochaetae, then both belong in 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Polynoidae" genus="Lepidametria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidametria" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lepidametria</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>