450 lines
51 KiB
XML
450 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="546D42B865078441CDD37D5DA36D14FB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.6.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0764bd23-6190-4145-97b6-aae7db169c8a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219312" ID-ZooBank="046410E8-079F-4FBF-B0EF-361DFCE92E2C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460573078236" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anderson, Owen F." docDate="2013" docId="275FE5736D50FFD48C99FB95FCC23F60" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03609p567.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3609 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Araeosoma alternatum Mortensen 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="559" masterDocId="DB669D0B6D73FFF28C0EFFC0FFC53D72" masterDocTitle="A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothuriinids (Echinodermata: Echinothuriidae) with descriptions of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="567" masterPageNumber="521" pageNumber="556" updateTime="1698322607592" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="34E7C41F3F9C71C497113DF4A52349FA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="49C8B008CC97EEFCFCAC9451C0F09A83">
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<mods:title id="F9BD7ACD5011F2CAA4E7AFD43B912392">A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothuriinids (Echinodermata: Echinothuriidae) with descriptions of seven new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E9C6B82F8BF7FFAFA3D3EF75EBAAAC8A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D3BA0604130A0188A15A9719B3D41792">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4E4CEC410A5A32A8BE19DE9F4E76CF0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9074C02DE797E768C481339A365E9F75">Anderson, Owen F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DB57C0CB5DE5218CA8F9F2E30E6E5320">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DFBAFAC9C2E0EAE81E933886BE208AAB">
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<mods:title id="3A313410BB15EDC20A0CE3E5D5A13B5C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="27B08BE88AE5E4AAEABD10705404913C">
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<mods:date id="8A94F7DC13AC76AD9AB34D5F391A32F6">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9E4C370268FA1A7E482B922CD9183B05" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DE86AE03D29F148F342065A4EEE297DC">3609</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5AAD95E43FA4590812A79F6044B9FAFE" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="940645F220F1AF5277207F262ED3ACD2">6</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="B6175958D5EBC70B3B6111D03AADD124" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="921F313D30594890BE685FBB451B66A7">521</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="47D1DC6E18544D6F2C4DACE6A06391E8">567</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="EE91BDF204121774BE5A273D12F09289">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E3E36412CACE4F2A079EBBB63E6117B3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3609.6.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9CDAE1AA55238CF2EF646F3D6E008709" type="GBIF-Dataset">0764bd23-6190-4145-97b6-aae7db169c8a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F9A1A3DAD0947214F04B8494E2EF2F9F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="23862E5C571C216C8FFAECAE738E50B7" type="Zenodo-Dep">219312</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF0A61236F017995C8B0FB1DBAED5242" type="ZooBank">046410E8-079F-4FBF-B0EF-361DFCE92E2C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="275FE5736D50FFD48C99FB95FCC23F60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119559589" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5622890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:275FE5736D50FFD48C99FB95FCC23F60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/275FE5736D50FFD48C99FB95FCC23F60" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D50FFD18C99FB95FE0639A4" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D50FFD18C99FB95FD41391D" blockId="35.[151,644,1109,1168]" box="[151,644,1109,1135]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">
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<heading id="F401E3096D50FFD18C99FB95FD41391D" bold="true" box="[151,644,1109,1135]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D50FFD18C99FB95FD41391D" ID-CoL="G4GF" authority="Mortensen, 1934" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,644,1109,1135]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D50FFD18C99FB95FD41391D" bold="true" box="[151,644,1109,1135]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D50FFD18C99FB95FE69391D" bold="true" box="[151,428,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">Araeosoma alternatum</emphasis>
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Mortensen, 1934
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D50FFD18C99FBB8FE5639E2" blockId="35.[151,644,1109,1168]" box="[151,403,1144,1168]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">
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<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D50FFD18C99FBB8FF3A39E2" box="[151,255,1144,1168]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,912,935]" captionTargetBox="[505,1085,207,846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[476,1119,187,888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Primary spine sections (left, oral; right, aboral). A, Araeosoma migratum (NIWA 45089); B, A. bakeri (NIWA 6564); C, Hapalosoma amynina (NIWA 6621); D, A. tertii (NIWA 29453); E, A. alternatum (NIWA 53579); F, A. anatirostrum (NIWA 29442); G, A. thetidis (NIWA 29419); H, A. bidentatum (NIWA 23720); I, A. leppienae (NIWA 23724)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219315/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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E, 4C, 29–31
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D50FFD18C99FB01FE0639A4" blockId="35.[151,451,1216,1238]" box="[151,451,1216,1238]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">
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<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D50FFD18C99FB01FE0639A4" authority="Doderlein 1906" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,451,1216,1238]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coriaceum">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D50FFD18C99FB01FEDB39A4" box="[151,286,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">A. coriaceum</emphasis>
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Döderlein 1906
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D50FFD18C99FAC3FE9F3AD1" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AF4954656D50FFD18C99FAC3FEEE3A29" blockId="35.[151,1436,1283,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">
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<emphasis id="9D8288776D50FFD18C99FAC3FEA93869" box="[151,364,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">Material examined</emphasis>
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—West
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<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D50FFD18DC6FAC3FDE43869" box="[456,545,1283,1307]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">Norfolk</collectingCountry>
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Ridge (Hiroshima seamount):
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<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18F8EFAC3FBCE3869" box="[896,1035,1283,1307]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
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(
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<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18812FAC3FB293869" box="[1052,1260,1283,1307]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7511219199999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="1.75112192E8">175, 112, 192 mm</quantity>
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TD),
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<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD1893CFAC3FF6D384D" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-34.376667">34° 22.6´S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18CB8FAE7FE8E384D" box="[182,331,1319,1343]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="168.41833">168° 25.1´E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18D56FAE7FE1F384D" box="[344,474,1319,1343]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.78" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.76" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="378.0" valueMax="380.0" valueMin="376.0">376–380 m</quantity>
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, MV F168905. East coast Northland:
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<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18F80FAE7FBDF384D" box="[910,1050,1319,1343]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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(150, 124, mm TD),
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<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD1891CFAE7FA53384D" box="[1298,1430,1319,1343]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-34.96">34° 57.6´S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18C99FA8BFEEA3811" box="[151,303,1355,1379]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="175.18">175° 10.8´E</geoCoordinate>
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, 581–
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<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18D7BFA8BFE043811" box="[373,449,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.529999999999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="553.0">553 m</quantity>
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, NIWA3519. Bay of Plenty: Tumokemoke seamount,
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||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18838FA8BFB7D3811" box="[1078,1208,1355,1379]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
(
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||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD188C4FA8BFAEE3811" box="[1226,1323,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
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||
TD),
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||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD1897BFA8BFF2F38F5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-37.468334">37° 28.1´S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18CF9FAAFFEBE38F5" box="[247,379,1391,1415]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="177.11667">177° 7.0´E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18D89FAAFFDCD38F5" box="[391,520,1391,1415]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" metricValueMax="3.22" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="276.0" valueMax="322.0" valueMin="230.0">230–322 m</quantity>
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||
, NIWA46084 (dry);
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||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18EFDFAAFFCB338F5" box="[755,886,1391,1415]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18F8FFAAFFBC638F5" box="[897,1027,1391,1415]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-37.7">37° 42.0´S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD1881EFAAFFB6738F5" box="[1040,1186,1391,1415]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="176.75">176° 45.0´E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, Te Papa EC763. East Chatham Rise: Diamond Head C,
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||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18E2DFA53FD6A38D9" box="[547,687,1427,1451]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18ECCFA53FC5D38D9" box="[706,920,1427,1451]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7213912999999998" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="1.7213913E8">172, 139, 130 mm</quantity>
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||
TD),
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||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18FEEFA53FB9D38D9" box="[992,1112,1427,1451]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-44.146667">44° 8.8´S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18866FA53FAC338D9" box="[1128,1286,1427,1451]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-174.69">174° 41.4´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD1891DFA53FA5238D9" box="[1299,1431,1427,1451]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="520.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="440.0">440–600 m</quantity>
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||
, NIWA53579; Diamond Head B,
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||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18E2DFA77FD7038BD" box="[547,693,1463,1487]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18EC5FA77FCB538BD" box="[715,880,1463,1487]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55144" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="155144.0">155, 144 mm</quantity>
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||
TD),
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||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18FCFFA77FB8738BD" box="[961,1090,1463,1487]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-44.15">44° 9.0´S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18858FA77FB3838BD" box="[1110,1277,1463,1487]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-174.75667">174° 45.4´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18901FA77FA5238BD" box="[1295,1431,1463,1487]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.64" metricValueMax="6.09" metricValueMin="5.1899999999999995" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="564.0" valueMax="609.0" valueMin="519.0">519–609 m</quantity>
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||
, NIWA54042. Puysegur Bank:
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||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18DFEFA1BFDB63881" box="[496,627,1499,1523]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18E71FA1BFCC43881" box="[639,769,1499,1523]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-46.666668">46° 40.0´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18F00FA1BFC673881" box="[782,930,1499,1523]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="165.7">165° 42.0´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Te Papa EC6607 (dry). Auckland Islands:
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||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18980FA1BFEC43B65" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18D1FFA3FFEB53B65" box="[273,368,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="194.0">194 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18DBAFA3FFDED3B65" box="[436,552,1535,1559]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-49.016666">49° 1.0´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18E38FA3FFD0D3B65" box="[566,712,1535,1559]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="166.54834">166° 32.9´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18EDBFA3FFC933B65" box="[725,854,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.235" metricValueMax="6.27" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="623.5" valueMax="627.0" valueMin="620.0">620–627 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA62822 (dry);
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD1884FFA3FFB043B65" box="[1089,1217,1535,1559]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD188DFFA3FFAF53B65" box="[1233,1328,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="180.0">180 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD1897BFA3FFF253B49" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-49.121666">49° 7.3´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18CFFF9E3FE493B49" box="[241,396,1571,1595]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="166.69667">166° 41.8´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18D95F9E3FDE43B49" box="[411,545,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.82" metricValueMax="5.93" metricValueMin="5.71" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="582.0" valueMax="593.0" valueMin="571.0">571–593 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA46089;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18EDAF9E3FCA63B49" box="[724,867,1571,1595]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18F78F9E3FBD33B49" box="[886,1046,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08208" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="208208.0">208, 208 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD1886CF9E3FB293B49" box="[1122,1260,1571,1595]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-49.285">49° 17.1´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD188F3F9E3FA523B49" box="[1277,1431,1571,1595]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="166.76167">166° 45.7´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18C99F987FEDD3B2D" box="[151,280,1607,1631]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" metricValueMax="6.22" metricValueMin="6.18" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="620.0" valueMax="622.0" valueMin="618.0">618–622 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA65167;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18DCCF987FD883B2D" box="[450,589,1607,1631]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18E52F987FD363B2D" box="[604,755,1607,1631]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.30182" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="230182.0">230, 182 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18F38F987FC7D3B2D" box="[822,952,1607,1631]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-49.47">49° 28.2´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18FCBF987FB933B2D" box="[965,1110,1607,1631]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="166.62">166° 37.2´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 537–
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18892F987FB263B2D" box="[1180,1251,1607,1631]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.31" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="531.0">531 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA61623 & NIWA66710;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18D35F9ABFE093BF1" box="[315,460,1643,1667]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18DECF9ABFCC73BF1" box="[482,770,1643,1667]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.152261812150001" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="2.15226181215E11">215, 226, 181, 215 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18F5CF9ABFC253BF1" box="[850,992,1643,1667]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-50.966667">50° 58.0´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18FFDF9ABFB543BF1" box="[1011,1169,1643,1667]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="165.75">165° 45.0´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD188AAF9ABFB363BF1" box="[1188,1267,1643,1667]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="549.0">549 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA23728, NIWA29429, & NIWA29436;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18DF9F94FFDB93BD5" box="[503,636,1679,1703]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18E87F94FFCD53BD5" box="[649,784,1679,1703]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-49.921665">49° 55.3´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18F11F94FFC733BD5" box="[799,950,1679,1703]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="165.995">165° 59.7´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Te Papa EC3983 (dry).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D50FFD188D9F94FFA8A3BD5" box="[1239,1359,1679,1703]" name="Australia" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge (Seamount 5):
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18D47F973FE083BB9" box="[329,461,1715,1739]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18DECF973FD833BB9" box="[482,582,1715,1739]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="159.0">159 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18E9BF973FCD63BB9" box="[661,787,1715,1739]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-51.06167">51° 3.7´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18F2BF973FC043BB9" box="[805,961,1715,1739]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="161.97833">161° 58.7´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18FDDF973FB9F3BB9" box="[979,1114,1715,1739]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.415" metricValueMax="4.9799999999999995" metricValueMin="3.85" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="441.5" valueMax="498.0" valueMin="385.0">385–498 m</quantity>
|
||
, NIWA39933. Tasmania:
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18980F973FEC43B9D" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18D1EF917FEAA3B9D" box="[272,367,1751,1775]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="205.0">205 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18DBAF917FDED3B9D" box="[436,552,1751,1775]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-44.066666">44° 4.0´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18E3BF917FD0D3B9D" box="[565,712,1751,1775]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="146.40167">146° 24.1´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18EDAF917FC933B9D" box="[724,854,1751,1775]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.97" metricValueMax="5.24" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="497.0" valueMax="524.0" valueMin="470.0">470–524 m</quantity>
|
||
, MV F168937;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18804F917FB633B9D" box="[1034,1190,1751,1775]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD188BFF917FAE33B9D" box="[1201,1318,1751,1775]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-44.15167">44° 9.1´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD1893DF917FF6E3A61" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="147.12833">147° 7.7´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18CB4F93BFEFB3A61" box="[186,318,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="875.0" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="800.0">800–950 m</quantity>
|
||
, AM
|
||
<accessionNumber id="B0A5C9866D50FFD18D8BF93BFE1F3A61" box="[389,474,1787,1811]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J24562" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="EnaNcbi">J24562</accessionNumber>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18DE6F93BFDBC3A61" box="[488,633,1787,1811]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18E89F93BFCCA3A61" box="[647,783,1787,1811]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-44.21">44° 12.6´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18F11F93BFC6C3A61" box="[799,937,1787,1811]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="147.04333">147° 2.6´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1078–
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18FF0F93BFB8E3A61" box="[1022,1099,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.93" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="593.0">593 m</quantity>
|
||
, AM
|
||
<accessionNumber id="B0A5C9866D50FFD1889CF93BFB223A61" box="[1170,1255,1787,1811]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J24542" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="EnaNcbi">J24542</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D50FFD188FAF93BFA453A61" box="[1268,1408,1787,1811]" name="Madagascar" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18980F93BFEC93A45" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18D12F8DFFE2E3A45" box="[284,491,1823,1847]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1812013" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="1.1812013E8">118, 120, 130 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18E3EF8DFFD763A45" box="[560,691,1823,1847]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="-12.85">12° 51.0´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D50FFD18ECEF8DFFCF33A45" box="[704,822,1823,1847]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" precision="92" value="48.133335">48° 8.0´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18F4DF8DFFC483A45" box="[835,909,1823,1847]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.58" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="558.0">558 m</quantity>
|
||
, MNHN IE-2007-228. Unless stated, stored in 80% ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D50FFD18CC9F8A8FE9F3AD1" blockId="35.[151,1436,1283,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D50FFD18CC9F8A8FEFB3A0D" box="[199,318,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">Size range</emphasis>
|
||
—The median test diameter of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D50FFD18EC3F8A7FCA23A0D" box="[717,871,1895,1919]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
measured was
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18819F8A7FBB23A0D" box="[1047,1143,1895,1919]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="173.0">173 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and the largest specimen was
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D50FFD18CC7F84BFEE33AD1" box="[201,294,1931,1955]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="230.0">230 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D50FFD48CC9F86FFCC23F60" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D50FFD68CC9F86FFCF83C16" blockId="35.[151,1436,1283,2027]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D50FFD18CC9F86FFEEC3AB5" box="[199,297,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
—Before this review, the only previously recorded specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D50FFD18806F86FFB613AB5" box="[1032,1188,1967,1991]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D50FFD18806F86FFB613AB5" box="[1032,1188,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was one collected by the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D50FFD18CCEF813FEDF3A99" box="[192,282,2003,2027]" name="Germany" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">German</collectingCountry>
|
||
Deepsea Expedition of
|
||
<date id="DB4872A56D50FFD18E26F813FD4F3A99" box="[552,650,2003,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="556" value="1898" valueMax="1899">1898–99</date>
|
||
from off the southern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D50FFD18FE6F813FB823A99" box="[1000,1095,2003,2027]" name="Somalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="556">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In the report on the echinoids from this expedition (Döderlein 1906) the single specimen was mistakenly identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD688CEFF58FA993DC2" box="[1216,1372,152,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coriaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD688CEFF58FA993DC2" box="[1216,1372,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">A. coriaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen appears not to have been sighted by any other later taxonomists but, due to Döderlein’s detailed description and figures, Mortensen (1934) was able to identify this error and recognized it as a new species, which he named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68D04FEC4FE613C6E" box="[266,420,260,284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68D04FEC4FE613C6E" box="[266,420,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D57FFD68DEBFEC5FDD03C6F" box="[485,533,261,285]" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen was originally held in the Berlin Museum but is no longer there (or in the Munich Museum where much of Döderlein’s collection is housed) and it seems likely that it did not survive the second World War (A. Ziegler, MCZ Harvard, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB8904ED6D57FFD68C99FBF5FB5B393E" box="[151,1182,1077,1100]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219341/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" targetBox="[165,1425,409,1048]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D57FFD68C99FBF5FB5B393E" blockId="36.[151,1182,1077,1100]" box="[151,1182,1077,1100]" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68C99FBF5FEE53939" bold="true" box="[151,288,1077,1100]" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68D2BFBF7FDCB393E" box="[293,526,1078,1100]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68D2BFBF7FDCB393E" box="[293,526,1078,1100]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Araeosoma alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NIWA65167, (182 mm TD). Left, aboral view; right, oral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D57FFD68CC9FBB9FAF8398F" blockId="36.[151,1437,1144,2033]" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">
|
||
In 2010, three specimens of an unidentified echinothurioid collected from north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D57FFD68866FBB8FB2A39E2" box="[1128,1263,1144,1168]" name="Madagascar" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
were loaned to NIWA from the Paris Museum (MNHN). These specimens (from the same region of the Indian Ocean as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D57FFD68962FB5EFA5939C4" box="[1388,1436,1182,1206]" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68D18FB01FE7539AB" box="[278,432,1217,1241]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68D18FB01FE7539AB" box="[278,432,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) matched Döderlein’s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68F5EFB01FC2F39AB" box="[848,1002,1217,1241]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68F5EFB01FC2F39AB" box="[848,1002,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also were identical to a number of specimens of a previously undetermined species in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D57FFD68F0EFB26FC53398F" box="[768,918,1253,1277]" name="New Zealand" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Australian collections examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D57FFD68CC9FAC8FB0E3A12" blockId="36.[151,1437,1144,2033]" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">
|
||
Döderlein’s figures of the pedicellariae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68EB2FAC9FC9F3853" box="[700,858,1289,1313]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68EB2FAC9FC9F3853" box="[700,858,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
match the pedicellariae of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D57FFD688C0FAC9FAAD3852" box="[1230,1384,1288,1312]" name="New Zealand" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Australian specimens, and also those seen on the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D57FFD68FA1FAEDFBFD3837" box="[943,1080,1325,1349]" name="Madagascar" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The large, involute tridentate pedicellariae were relatively common on the specimens examined and very distinctive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D57FFD6888BFA90FB3D381A" box="[1157,1272,1360,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1337,1360]" captionTargetBox="[368,1205,575,1312]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[368,1205,575,1313]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 31. Araeosoma alternatum. SEM images of pedicellariae valves. A & B (NIWA 66710), ophicephalous pedicellariae; C & D (NIWA 53579), rostrate tridentate pedicellariae; E & F (NIWA 53579), involute tridentate pedicellariae; G & H (NIWA 53579), triphyllous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219343/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
). The smaller, rostrate tridentate pedicellariae occur in a range of sizes, the broad serrations on the blades diminishing in size with progressively smaller specimens. The unusual and prominent tooth on a distal extension of the apophysis figured by Döderlein was also present in some specimens. The particularly elongate triphyllous pedicellariae are characteristic of this species, and were readily found on the specimens examined. On one specimen from near the Auckland Islands (NIWA66710) a few ophicephalous pedicellariae were found. This is remarkable, as this
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D57FFD68943F9C6FAB83B6C" box="[1357,1405,1542,1566]" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of pedicellariae was previously unknown in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68EFDF9E9FCB63B33" box="[755,883,1577,1601]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68EFDF9E9FCB63B33" box="[755,883,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This form appears rare within the species too, although they are very small and not all specimens could be thoroughly checked. They resemble more the form seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68CE3F9B1FDC53BFB" box="[237,512,1649,1673]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hapalosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68CE3F9B1FDC53BFB" box="[237,512,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Hapalosoma pellucidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than those known from other echinothurioids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68854F9B2FB193BFB" box="[1114,1244,1650,1673]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hygrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68854F9B2FB193BFB" box="[1114,1244,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Hygrosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD688E4F9B1FAA03BFA" box="[1258,1381,1649,1672]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Sperosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD688E4F9B1FAA03BFA" box="[1258,1381,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Sperosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68C99F955FEEB3BDF" box="[151,302,1685,1709]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Tromikosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68C99F955FEEB3BDF" box="[151,302,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Tromikosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as they have a rounded rather than triangular blade, although in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68818F955FB743BDF" box="[1046,1201,1685,1709]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68818F955FB743BDF" box="[1046,1201,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the blade has only a slight medial constriction and is strengthened internally by the extension of the apophysis to the distal end of the blade. That this species should not be reassigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68EE2F91DFCBE3B87" box="[748,891,1757,1781]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hapalosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68EE2F91DFCBE3B87" box="[748,891,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Hapalosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is fairly certain, however. The large involute pedicellariae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68D45F8C1FE213A6B" box="[331,484,1793,1817]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68D45F8C1FE213A6B" box="[331,484,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68EAEF8C1FCEA3A6B" box="[672,815,1793,1817]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hapalosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68EAEF8C1FCEA3A6B" box="[672,815,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Hapalosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the tuberculation patterns are more similar to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68C99F8E5FED23A4F" box="[151,279,1829,1853]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68C99F8E5FED23A4F" box="[151,279,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. But one of the principal differences between the two genera, the form of the dactylous pedicellariae, cannot be gauged as this
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D57FFD68E43F889FDB83A13" box="[589,637,1865,1889]" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of pedicellaria has yet to be found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D57FFD68825F889FB013A13" box="[1067,1220,1865,1889]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D57FFD68825F889FB013A13" box="[1067,1220,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D57FFD78CC9F8ADFB323C6E" blockId="36.[151,1437,1144,2033]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">
|
||
Döderlein was unable to describe the apical system in any detail due to the thick covering of skin, but in two of the dried
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D57FFD68D08F851FE5A3ADA" box="[262,415,1936,1960]" name="New Zealand" pageId="36" pageNumber="557">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens (NIWA3519 & NIWA29429) some details could be made out. These show a pentagonal to star-shaped outline (about
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D57FFD68E73F875FD173ABF" box="[637,722,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
across in a specimen of
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D57FFD68804F875FBA83ABF" box="[1034,1133,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="36" pageNumber="557" unit="mm" value="122.0">122 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD), a monocyclic plate arrangement, and triangular genital plates that extend slightly into the interambulacra. The gonopore opens into an oval or sometimes almost round membranous space, enclosed or nearly enclosed by the undivided genital plate. Plate G2 is enlarged 2–3 times the size of the other genital plates to accommodate the madreporite, which is raised and entirely covers the plate. The anal opening is surrounded by an inner band of about 40 small plates and an outer band of 35–40 larger plates, most with a number of small tubercles or pedicellaria-bearing granules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB8904ED6D56FFD78C99F9D7FC0B3B3E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219342/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" targetBox="[216,1289,339,1528]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D56FFD78C99F9D7FC0B3B3E" blockId="37.[151,1436,1559,1612]" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D56FFD78C99F9D7FEE03B5E" bold="true" box="[151,293,1559,1582]" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">FIGURE 30.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D56FFD78D3FF9D8FDE53B5F" box="[305,544,1559,1581]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D56FFD78D3FF9D8FDE53B5F" box="[305,544,1559,1581]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Araeosoma alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Distribution of confirmed records within the New Zealand region, from material examined. Number of records = 17. The dashed line is the 1000 m depth contour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D56FFD78CC9F9B8FC5B3A30" blockId="37.[151,1436,1656,2035]" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">
|
||
This species is one of the largest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D56FFD78E8DF9B9FCC63BE3" box="[643,771,1657,1681]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D56FFD78E8DF9B9FCC63BE3" box="[643,771,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the test of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D56FFD78806F9B8FBAF3BE2" box="[1032,1130,1656,1680]" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is recorded as
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D56FFD7891CF9B8FAAA3BE2" box="[1298,1391,1656,1680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 mm</quantity>
|
||
TD and many of the other specimens examined are a similar size or larger. This species is also distinctive for its very stiff, leathery test; pink or light purple colouration; and the tuberculation of the oral interambulacra which, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D56FFD7898AF900FF2F3B89" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thetidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D56FFD7898AF900FF2F3B89" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">A. thetidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has a tubercle on every second plate rather than every plate in the adradial series. As explained above, these two species are very similar (several of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D56FFD78EC6F8C6FCA13A6C" box="[712,868,1798,1822]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D56FFD78EC6F8C6FCA13A6C" box="[712,868,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined were originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D56FFD78C99F8EAFECD3A30" box="[151,264,1834,1858]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thetidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D56FFD78C99F8EAFECD3A30" box="[151,264,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">A. thetidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and stand apart somewhat from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D56FFD78ECEF8EAFC853A30" box="[704,832,1834,1858]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D56FFD78ECEF8EAFC853A30" box="[704,832,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Araeosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D56FFD78CC9F88EFB1B3ADE" blockId="37.[151,1436,1656,2035]" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D56FFD78CC9F88EFE8F3A17" box="[199,330,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
—There are 17 confirmed records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D56FFD78EE2F88DFC433A17" box="[748,902,1869,1893]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="37" pageNumber="558" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8288776D56FFD78EE2F88DFC433A17" box="[748,902,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">A. alternatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D56FFD78FC4F88EFBA53A17" box="[970,1120,1869,1893]" name="New Zealand" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D56FFD7890BF88DFAAA3A17" box="[1285,1391,1869,1893]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the first taken from the Bay of Plenty in 1961, representing 59 individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D56FFD78FC5F8B1FBFB3AFB" box="[971,1086,1905,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1559,1582]" captionTargetBox="[216,1289,339,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[158,1428,319,1554]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 30. Araeosoma alternatum. Distribution of confirmed records within the New Zealand region, from material examined. Number of records = 17. The dashed line is the 1000 m depth contour." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219342/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Figure 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the western Indian Ocean, the species is known from off the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D56FFD78E1DF854FDAA3ADE" box="[531,623,1940,1964]" name="Somalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
coast (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D56FFD78EE6F855FCDD3ADF" box="[744,792,1941,1965]" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) and from north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D56FFD7885FF854FB1F3ADE" box="[1105,1242,1940,1964]" name="Madagascar" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D56FFD48CC9F877FEF03CF6" blockId="37.[151,1436,1656,2035]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1436,151,531]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">
|
||
The Australasian records cover a wide geographical range, from the West
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D56FFD78810F877FBB23ABD" box="[1054,1143,1975,1999]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Norfolk</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge in the north to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D56FFD78C99F81BFECA3A81" box="[151,271,2011,2035]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="558">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge in the south, and from Tasmania in the west to beyond the Chatham Islands in the east. There are large gaps in the distribution; in particular there are no records from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D55FFD48FD5FF58FBB13DDD" box="[987,1140,151,175]" name="New Zealand" pageId="38" pageNumber="559">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
shelf between the Bay of Plenty and the bottom of South Island. It seems likely that the species does occur in this region and the lack of records may be due to a combination of their rarity and the lack of research sampling in the area within the depth range of the species. But by far the largest gap in the distribution of the species is between the western Indian Ocean and Tasmania, a distance of over 11 0 0 0 km. This apparently discontinuous distribution is more difficult to explain, but perhaps the species will ultimately be found to exist further west in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D55FFD4882FFE89FB4D3C13" box="[1057,1160,329,353]" name="Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="559">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in other parts of the Indian Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF4954656D55FFD48CC9FE50FCC23F60" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,531]" pageId="38" pageNumber="559">
|
||
The conservative depth range for the species within Australasia is
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D55FFD48FEFFE50FBAD3CDA" box="[993,1128,400,424]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="38" pageNumber="559" unit="m" value="590.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="380.0">380–800 m</quantity>
|
||
, with a potential range of
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D55FFD48C99FE73FEEE3CB9" box="[151,299,435,459]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.27" metricValueMax="10.78" metricValueMin="3.76" pageId="38" pageNumber="559" unit="m" value="727.0" valueMax="1078.0" valueMin="376.0">376–1078 m</quantity>
|
||
. The depth recorded for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D55FFD48E79FE73FD1E3CB9" box="[631,731,435,459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="559" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was somewhat deeper (
|
||
<quantity id="680EF9806D55FFD48FFCFE73FB883CB9" box="[1010,1101,435,459]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.289" pageId="38" pageNumber="559" unit="m" value="1289.0">1289 m</quantity>
|
||
) but given that only a single depth was recorded it is possible that it was living shallower than this. The other Indian Ocean specimens were from well within the depth range found in Australasia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |