287 lines
29 KiB
XML
287 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="DA880ECAEAF11ED7D5CEA7F4514C7056" ID-CLB-Dataset="42365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242729" ID-ZooBank="D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936415633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gravili, Cinzia, Vito, Doris De, Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di, Martell, Luis, Piraino, Stefano & Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2015" docId="03F887DEFF60FF2E9CD60DCCD577FA82" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03908p187.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3908 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gastroblasta raffaelei Lang 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="FFC1FFA6FFF6FFB99C410F49D739FFD6" masterDocTitle="The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1698583517399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="14EE85EAEBD778BA4B67493DA04BF321">
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<mods:title id="8B08B99623346F2B256ED9A73C81D035">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3FC67F7F2830380F8F7A5B452FE19903" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="29F89FDE1CCD499E59AD7A867CB80FBE">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C158B8E4316D23F3C482E32D3C0790A">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DA665F86CE2289B2964EB216253D42A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E10E70F034638D39464B77BF60CA30E9">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="6E6DE0053CBC74A181C0C92F1C4C11D5">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F077E42419CD05E2AF367B30A1A1DE7F">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="881D5CA143E7F039F84FCDE0CD9E2568">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C5E44E683BF9E41EAF47728EB22E556E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5BD242ACC1C60AF140E6FFE140BBF808">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3C96C7A3EFC1F038BD7F838C043DDEE9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A1CEAEA45E8803B99B7F1E805EEE835E">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFF60FF2E9CD60DCCD577FA82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107208" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591284" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107208" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFF60FF2E9CD60DCCD577FA82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFF60FF2E9CD60DCCD577FA82" lastPageId="151" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF60FF2F9CD60DCCD5A3FCD6" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF60FF2F9CD60DCCD516FD49" blockId="150.[151,559,645,704]" box="[151,559,645,671]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FF60FF2F9CD60DCCD516FD49" bold="true" box="[151,559,645,671]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF60FF2F9CD60DCCD516FD49" ID-CoL="6K9PP" authority="Lang, 1886" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,559,645,671]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Gastroblasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="raffaelei">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9CD60DCCD516FD49" bold="true" box="[151,559,645,671]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9CD60DCCD6A4FD49" bold="true" box="[151,413,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Gastroblasta raffaelei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF60FF2F9DE50DCCD516FD49" author="Lang" box="[420,559,645,671]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" refString="Lang, A. (1886) Gastroblasta Raffaelei. Eine durch eine Art unvollstandiger Theilung entstehende Medusen-Kolonie. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 19, 735 - 763." type="journal article" year="1886">Lang, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF60FF2F9CD60DEED613FD16" blockId="150.[151,559,645,704]" box="[151,298,679,704]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFF60FF2F9CD60DEED7CBFD16" box="[151,242,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURE 107" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[438,1146,818,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[431,1155,811,1898]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 107. Gastroblasta raffaelei: A, hydranth with 2 gonothecae inside the sponge Ircinia sp.; B, hydranth; C, gonotheca; D, newly liberated medusa; E, 4 - day-old-medusa; F, 10 - day-old-medusa (E and F same scale bar); G, medusa during fission process; H, adult medusa (28 - day-old) (modified after Gravili et al. 2007). Scale bars: A, C, D, E, F, H, 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm; G, 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242836/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
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A–H
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF60FF2F9CD60DA3D5A3FCD6" blockId="150.[151,666,746,768]" box="[151,666,746,768]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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See Gravili
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9D510DA2D67AFCD6" box="[272,323,746,768]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">et al.</emphasis>
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(2007) for a complete synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF2E6640FF60FF2F9CD60836D7D2F827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242836/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" targetBox="[438,1146,818,1887]" targetPageId="150">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF60FF2F9CD60836D7D2F827" blockId="150.[151,1436,1919,2033]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9CD60836D615F842" bold="true" box="[151,300,1919,1941]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">FIGURE 107.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF60FF2F9D730836D52BF843" box="[306,530,1919,1941]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Gastroblasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="raffaelei">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9D730836D52BF843" box="[306,530,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Gastroblasta raffaelei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9E5E0836D508F842" bold="true" box="[543,561,1919,1940]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
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, hydranth with 2 gonothecae inside the sponge
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF60FF2F985508C9D361F843" box="[1044,1112,1920,1941]" class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F985508C9D361F843" box="[1044,1112,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Ircinia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F98C80836D3A3F842" bold="true" box="[1161,1178,1919,1940]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
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, hydranth;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F994F0836D219F843" bold="true" box="[1294,1312,1919,1941]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
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, gonotheca;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9CD608D7D790F865" bold="true" box="[151,169,1950,1971]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
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, newly liberated medusa;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9DFB08D7D6F2F865" bold="true" box="[442,459,1950,1971]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">E</emphasis>
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, 4-day-old-medusa;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9EE008D7D597F865" bold="true" box="[673,686,1950,1971]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">F</emphasis>
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, 10-day-old-medusa (E and F same scale bar);
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F98DB08D7D392F862" bold="true" box="[1178,1195,1950,1972]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">G</emphasis>
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, medusa during fission process;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9CB108F4D63DF804" bold="true" box="[240,260,1981,2002]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">H</emphasis>
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, adult medusa (28-day-old) (modified after Gravili
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF60FF2F9F5108F7D405F804" box="[784,828,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007). Scale bars: A, C, D, E, F, H, 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm; G, 2.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF61FF2E9CD60FDED59AFF03" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9CD60FDED59AFF03" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9CD60FDED6B9FF66" bold="true" box="[151,384,151,176]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 114p and HCUS-S
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF61FF2E9E860FD1D43CFF66" box="[711,773,152,176]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="114.0">114m</quantity>
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(Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp and medusa stages.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF61FF2E9C860F96D57FFBD9" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860F96D493FF2E" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" box="[199,938,223,248]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860F96D668FF2E" bold="true" box="[199,337,223,248]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations; Gravili
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9F600FA8D46BFF2E" box="[801,850,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2007):
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860E4DD445FE06" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860E4DD60AFECB" bold="true" box="[199,307,260,285]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza stolonal, embedded in the body of sponges; colonies stolonal; hydrocauli partially embedded in the sponge tissues, arising from both the oscula and the surface of the host; hydranth with peduncled hypostome; with about 16 amphicoronate tentacles; hydrotheca about 0.25 mm high, slightly broader than high, usually with 8 broader than high cusps with doubled rim, diaphragm present, with 3–4 annulations below subhydrothecal chamber. Gonothecae smooth, about 0.70 mm high, wide at distal end and tapering gradually below, borne on hydrorhiza, each containing a single medusa bud.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860E95D555FDCE" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860E95D537FE23" bold="true" box="[199,526,476,501]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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||
Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFF61FF2E9D6B0E95D667FE23" box="[298,350,476,501]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
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and substrate.
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</emphasis>
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Living embedded in sponges of the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF61FF2E9FB80E94D36EFE22" box="[1017,1111,477,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Petrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9FB80E94D36EFE22" box="[1017,1111,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Petrosia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF61FF2E98CF0E94D3E0FE22" box="[1166,1241,477,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Irciniidae" genus="Ircinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E98CF0E94D3E0FE22" box="[1166,1241,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Ircinia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(depth: 0.5–
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||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF61FF2E99280E95D2ADFE22" box="[1385,1428,476,501]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
) (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9CDF0D49D6BBFDCE" author="Boero" box="[158,386,511,536]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Gravili
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9DA50D48D52CFDCE" box="[484,533,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860D6DD41FFD7E" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860D6DD614FDEB" bold="true" box="[199,301,548,573]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Medusa.</emphasis>
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||
Adult. Umbrella more or less elliptical, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF61FF2E9F7C0D6DD446FDEA" box="[829,895,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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||
wide; up to 9 complete and 7 rudimentary urnshaped manubria; mouth of every manubrium with 4 simple lips each; with up to 20 radial and centripetal canals; gonads sometimes developed in the middle parts of one or more radial canals; with 26 well developed marginal tentacles and 17 rudimentary ones; 34 marginal statocysts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860DFDD592FCEE" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
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Developmental stages. Newly released medusa with umbrella hemispherical, almost
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF61FF2E98CA0DFDD3F4FD1A" box="[1163,1229,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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wide and 0.6 mm high; mouth with 4 lips; 4 radial canals; no gonads on radial canals; velum broad, with a narrow opening; 4 pearshaped tentacular bulbs; each marginal bulb bearing a tentacle; 8 statocysts, each with one (sometimes two) statolith, in couples between adjacent tentacles.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860C0DD54BFC8B" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" box="[199,626,836,861]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860C0DD602FC8B" bold="true" box="[199,315,836,861]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
Microbasic mastigophores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860C2ED67AFC11" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860C2ED66DFC56" bold="true" box="[199,340,871,896]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Seasonality.</emphasis>
|
||
February (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9DA30C21D5BAFC56" author="Boero" box="[482,643,871,896]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Boero, F. (1980 b) Life cycles of hydroids and hydromedusae: some cases of difficult interpretation. Memorie di Biologia marina e di Oceanografia, 10 (Supplement), 141 - 147." type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="b">Boero 1980b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and July–October (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9FC90C21D3B1FC56" author="Boero" box="[904,1160,871,896]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the Ligurian Sea; March–October (De Vito 2006; this study), November (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9F620CC5D33CFC72" author="Piraino" box="[803,1029,908,933]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9FC00CC4D487FC73" box="[897,958,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and May (Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E98B30CC4D211FC73" box="[1266,1320,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007) in Salento waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860C9DD57FFBD9" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860C9DD6FDFC3B" bold="true" box="[199,452,980,1005]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
February (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9E7F0C9DD5EBFC3B" author="Boero" box="[574,722,980,1005]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Boero, F. (1980 b) Life cycles of hydroids and hydromedusae: some cases of difficult interpretation. Memorie di Biologia marina e di Oceanografia, 10 (Supplement), 141 - 147." type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="b">Boero 1980b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the Ligurian Sea; April (De Vito 2006; this study), and May (Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9CB70CB0D611FBC6" box="[246,296,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007) in Salento waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF61FF2E9C860B55D6C8FBAB" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860B55D303FBE2" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" box="[199,1082,1052,1077]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860B55D659FBE3" bold="true" box="[199,352,1052,1077]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Mediterranean (Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9EC50B54D58CFBE3" box="[644,693,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004; Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9F210B54D4A1FBE3" box="[864,920,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007, 2008a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860B76D6C8FBAB" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860B76D689FB8E" bold="true" box="[199,432,1087,1112]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Moderately frequent at Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006; Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E98890B08D3C3FB8E" box="[1224,1274,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007, 2008a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9CD60B2DD650FBAA" author="Piraino" box="[151,361,1124,1149]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9CAE0B2CD61EFBAB" box="[239,295,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF61FF2E9C860BCED440FB3E" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860BCED440FB3E" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860BCED602FB76" bold="true" box="[199,315,1159,1184]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The whole life cycle was examined in the present study.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF61FF2E984D0BCED233FB76" box="[1036,1290,1159,1184]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Gastroblasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="raffaelei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E984D0BCED233FB76" box="[1036,1290,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Gastroblasta raffaelei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only leptomedusan hydroid exclusively living in symbiosis with sponges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9FD60BE5D366FB13" author="Puce" box="[919,1119,1196,1221]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Puce, S., Calcinai, B., Bavestrello, G., Cerrano, C., Gravili, C. & Boero, F. (2005 b) Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) symbiotic with Porifera: a review. Marine Ecology, 26 (2), 73 - 81. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.2005.00050. x" type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9F970BE4D33CFB13" box="[982,1029,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The medusa can reproduce by fission (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9D7E0B86D6EDFB3E" author="Russell" box="[319,468,1231,1256]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9DA10B86D5A9FB3E" author="Cornelius" box="[480,656,1231,1256]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1982) Hydroids and medusae of the family Campanulariidae recorded from the eastern North Atlantic, with a world synopsis of genera. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 42 (2), 37 - 148." type="journal article" year="1982">Cornelius 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9EB00B98D41BFB3E" box="[753,802,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF61FF2E9C860BBDD577FA82" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF61FF2E9C860BBDD577FA82" blockId="151.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9C860BBDD669FADB" bold="true" box="[199,336,1268,1293]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9D180BBCD6D1FADB" author="Lang" box="[345,488,1268,1293]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Lang, A. (1886) Gastroblasta Raffaelei. Eine durch eine Art unvollstandiger Theilung entstehende Medusen-Kolonie. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 19, 735 - 763." type="journal article" year="1886">Lang (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9DB70BBCD5ADFADA" author="Mayer" box="[502,660,1268,1293]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae. Vol. I & II. Washington, Carnegie Institution, 735 pp." type="book" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9EE30BBDD48DFADA" author="Neppi" box="[674,948,1268,1293]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Neppi, V. & Stiasny, G. (1913) Die Hydromedusen des Golfes von Triest. Arbeiten aus der Zoologischen Instituten der Universiiat Wien und der Zoologischen Station in Triest, 20 (1), 23 - 92." type="journal article" year="1913">Neppi & Stiasny (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF61FF2E9F9F0BBDD3F1FADB" box="[990,1224,1268,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Phialidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9F9F0BBDD3F1FADB" box="[990,1224,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Phialidium variabile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E98980BBDD2AEFADB" author="Vannucci" box="[1241,1431,1268,1293]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Vannucci, M. (1966) Total net plankton volume and hydromedusae from fixed stations in the Gulf of Naples. In: Barnes, H. (Ed.), Some contemporary studies in marine sciences. Allen and Unwin, London, pp. 675 - 697." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vannucci (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9CD60A51D607FAE6" author="Boero" box="[151,318,1303,1328]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Boero, F. (1980 b) Life cycles of hydroids and hydromedusae: some cases of difficult interpretation. Memorie di Biologia marina e di Oceanografia, 10 (Supplement), 141 - 147." type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="b">Boero (1980b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9D0B0A51D506FAE6" author="Boero" box="[330,575,1303,1328]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9E0A0A51D5D6FAE6" author="De" box="[587,751,1303,1328]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="De Vito, D. (2002) Diversita, variabilita spazio-temporale e cicli vitali degli idrozoi (Hydroidomedusae) di Totte del Serpe (Canale d'Otranto). Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, University of Salento, 81 pp." type="book" year="2002">De Vito (2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2006), Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9FF50A50D4DCFAE6" box="[948,997,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2004),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E980D0A51D21CFAE6" box="[1100,1317,1303,1328]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Puce, S., Calcinai, B., Bavestrello, G., Cerrano, C., Gravili, C. & Boero, F. (2005 b) Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) symbiotic with Porifera: a review. Marine Ecology, 26 (2), 73 - 81. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.2005.00050. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E98CB0A50D383FAE6" box="[1162,1210,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E99C90A50D78DFA83" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007, 2008a),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF61FF2E9D270A75D573FA82" box="[358,586,1340,1365]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF61FF2E9DFC0A74D6CFFA83" box="[445,502,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |