451 lines
71 KiB
XML
451 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="AE50F734E2E36E9B0B5ED83A95FECAC5" ID-CLB-Dataset="22581" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4767.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cab7562c-80d6-4c50-be4c-1818403c0c4b" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3770819" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6A6A15AA-9B6D-4168-8857-29E183D965B9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588014284861" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Vacelet, Jean" docDate="2020" docId="0390B8069829FB5CFF10FBCDFAD1FEBA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4767.2.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4767 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Abyssocladia microstrongylata Vacelet 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="269" masterDocId="FFA9C07E9821FB50FF87FB54FFFAFFA5" masterDocTitle="Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia" masterLastPageNumber="276" masterPageNumber="257" pageNumber="265" updateTime="1698837364441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DF5285D8BC95AF428CD29E5FEEB6B5A5">
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<mods:title id="07056955A324186D321EA81BE151B450">Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A383481861C35C6DAA97607CC8A65F2D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F61A79A16D493A597B07404ECB13533B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="49DE82B260C7CB19F69D6EF5DCB1525F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3FBA2CB122BFAF48AE0AFEE413FDEE5A">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0481940C507F6D96DFD039EC34CE1559">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0A6AE79FF20DD3DC02ABC6C528727FEE">
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<mods:title id="D4A87431B0556BDCDE503B4ABAFD9100">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DD84D9208108AB460F64CDA87AA223DD">
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<mods:date id="29AFAC25D97A5AB76EFE2BEDE00036FB">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="72080078B7265EABD2AF88146EC677B0" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="BABC14104888237C555917F0A0DCA808">2020-04-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="343B9F78485637E32E0E7969E924B53F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EBA206BFDB5873CA1A1950B236A198E1">4767</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="296F2A56DC4D23AA0CBEBA7DF0179CD5" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9E99DEFAC46DD2C8EC67B844975DA0D2">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0CAC070166140289A6073E62A3C33BB7">257</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6D14C6A71DE6646B7F0C5D23FBB5A6E7">276</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="C9EF29586F71AE45648DCEF14202831F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EF7F337AA440D9D949F5221AF02BDB89" type="CLB-Dataset">22581</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="92955BC6A08C667E24B21B001ACCAF88" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4767.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5E451F3C10222B4628A039E0C8213548" type="GBIF-Dataset">cab7562c-80d6-4c50-be4c-1818403c0c4b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BDD45DA8DA442C070CAEE54EED9AB2D2" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9631380C7070A7FF26B1F5CFBD05AC57" type="Zenodo-Dep">3770819</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0390B8069829FB5CFF10FBCDFAD1FEBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3798812" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163812692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3798812" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B8069829FB5CFF10FBCDFAD1FEBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390B8069829FB5CFF10FBCDFAD1FEBA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
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<subSubSection id="C3235A9B9829FB58FF10FBCDFD95FF11" box="[151,623,153,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF10FBCDFD95FF11" blockId="8.[151,623,153,216]" box="[151,623,153,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
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<heading id="D0CEBE7C9829FB58FF10FBCDFD95FF11" bold="true" box="[151,623,153,180]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF10FBCDFD95FF11" bold="true" box="[151,623,153,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3972939829FB58FF10FBCDFDF0FF11" ID-CoL="86WNR" authority="Vacelet, 2020" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,522,153,180]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microstrongylata" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF10FBCDFDF0FF11" bold="true" box="[151,522,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Abyssocladia microstrongylata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E68799829FB58FD96FBCEFD95FF11" box="[529,623,154,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B9829FB58FF10FBE9FEF1FF7D" box="[151,267,189,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF10FBE9FEF1FF7D" blockId="8.[151,623,153,216]" box="[151,267,189,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FF18FBE9FEF9FF7D" box="[159,259,189,216]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetBox-1="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B9829FB58FF10FA51FF4FFD22" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF10FA51FBF9FEE6" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF10FA51FE70FE85" bold="true" box="[151,394,261,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B51034D9829FB58FE1DFA52FBF9FEE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609008332" collectingDate="2016-08-25" collectionCode="MEOW" country="New Caledonia" elevation="1014" latitude="-23.366667" location="Expedition" longLatPrecision="1256" longitude="167.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" specimenCode="MNHN-IP-2015-1471" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FE1DFA52FDFDFE85" bold="true" box="[410,519,262,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29829FB58FE1DFA52FDFDFE85" box="[410,519,262,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="DB9FA16B9829FB58FD90FA51FCE8FE85" box="[535,786,261,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">MNHN-IP-2015-1471</specimenCode>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FCAEFA51FC7FFE85" box="[809,901,261,288]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Fig 5A</figureCitation>
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), KANACONO
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<location id="8EE65FCB9829FB58FBD3FA51FB28FEBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390B8069829FB5CFF10FBCDFAD1FEBA:8EE65FCB9829FB58FBD3FA51FB28FEBA" box="[1108,1234,261,287]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-23.366667" longLatPrecision="1256" longitude="167.9" name="Expedition" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Expedition</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32E49809829FB58FB61FA52FA67FEBA" box="[1254,1437,261,288]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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||
(MEOW), beam trawl CP4754,
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||
<date id="FF872FD09829FB58FE7AFA7DFD85FEE1" box="[509,639,297,324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" value="2016-08-25">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFC3D6389829FB58FE7AFA7DFD85FEE1" box="[509,639,297,324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" value="2016-08-25">25/08/2016</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79829FB58FD0DFA7DFD1CFEE6" box="[650,742,297,323]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" precision="925" value="-23.366667">23°22’S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79829FB58FD69FA7DFCA6FEE1" box="[750,860,297,324]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" precision="925" value="167.9">167°54’E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FCE0FA7DFC04FEE6" box="[871,1022,297,323]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" metricValueMax="1.019" metricValueMin="1.009" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="m" value="1014.0" valueMax="1019.0" valueMin="1009.0">
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||
<elevation id="0014EE239829FB58FCE0FA7DFC04FEE6" box="[871,1022,297,323]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" metricValueMax="1.019" metricValueMin="1.009" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="m" value="1014.0" valueMax="1019.0" valueMin="1009.0">1009–1019m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40FA1AFF2AFE2E" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF40FA1AFEB3FEC2" bold="true" box="[199,329,333,360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29829FB58FF40FA1AFECEFECD" box="[199,308,334,360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
1
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
MNHN-IP-2015-1472. Same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29829FB58FD76FA19FCADFEC2" box="[753,855,333,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
. A specimen broken in two fragments, with holdfast base.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40FAC2FB41FE0A" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" box="[199,1211,405,432]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF40FAC2FEAEFE0A" bold="true" box="[199,340,405,432]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29829FB58FF40FAC2FEC5FE15" box="[199,319,406,432]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
2
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
MNHN-IP-2015-1473. Same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29829FB58FD7AFAC1FC99FE0A" box="[765,867,405,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. A specimen in two fragments.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40FAEEFD7DFDB9" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF40FAEEFEA3FE76" bold="true" box="[199,345,441,468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29829FB58FF40FAEEFEC5FE71" box="[199,319,442,468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
3
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||
</emphasis>
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||
MNHN-IP-2015-1474 (
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||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FDF2FAEDFD08FE76" box="[629,754,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Fig 5B, C</figureCitation>
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||
), several specimens or fragments, without the attachment base, two of them with a short papilla. KANACONO Expedition,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E49809829FB58FC10FA8AFBB0FE52" box="[919,1098,477,504]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Station beam trawl CP4751,
|
||
<date id="FF872FD09829FB58FF10F955FEE0FDB9" box="[151,282,513,540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" value="2016-08-25">25/08/2016</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79829FB58FEA2F955FE7BFDBE" box="[293,385,513,539]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" precision="925" value="-23.35">23°21’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79829FB58FE0FF955FE0CFDB9" box="[392,502,513,540]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" precision="925" value="167.95">167°57’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FD86F955FD78FDB9" box="[513,642,513,540]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.72" metricValueMax="9.98" metricValueMin="9.459999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="m" value="972.0" valueMax="998.0" valueMin="946.0">946–998 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40F971FF4FFD22" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF40F971FE37FDE5" bold="true" box="[199,461,549,576]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Additional specimens</emphasis>
|
||
. Several specimens or fragments, Station CP 4753
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79829FB58FBBBF971FB62FD9A" box="[1084,1176,549,575]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" precision="925" value="-23.3">23°18’S</geoCoordinate>
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79829FB58FB22F971FAEAFDE5" box="[1189,1296,549,576]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" precision="925" value="167.95">167°57’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FA9AF971FA63FDE5" box="[1309,1433,549,576]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" metricValueMax="9.52" metricValueMin="7.58" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="m" value="855.0" valueMax="952.0" valueMin="758.0">758–952m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF872FD09829FB58FF10F91DFEE0FDC1" box="[151,282,585,612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" value="2016-08-25">25/08/2016</date>
|
||
. Station CP 4754,
|
||
<date id="FF872FD09829FB58FE68F91DFD88FDC1" box="[495,626,585,612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" value="2016-08-25">25/08/2016</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79829FB58FDF8F91DFD24FDC6" box="[639,734,585,611]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" precision="925" value="-23.366667">23°22’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79829FB58FD6DF91DFCA3FDC1" box="[746,857,585,612]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" precision="925" value="167.9">167°54’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FCE2F91DFBF8FDC1" box="[869,1026,585,612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" metricValueMax="1.019" metricValueMin="1.009" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="m" value="1014.0" valueMax="1019.0" valueMin="1009.0">1009–1019 m</quantity>
|
||
(with
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29829FB58FBC9F91DFB4AFDC6" box="[1102,1200,585,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29829FB58FB6EF91EFAAEFDC1" box="[1257,1364,586,612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
1 and 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B9829FB58FF40F9C5FD5BFD56" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40F9C5FD5BFD56" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF40F9C5FEB8FD09" bold="true" box="[199,322,657,684]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3972939829FB58FECFF9C5FE1FFD0E" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[328,485,657,683]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a single axis, with bottle-brush filament arrangement and a few buds, three classes of styles, arcuate cleistochelae, arcuate isochelae, abyssochelae, sigma and sigmancistra, and a thick coating of microstrongyles on the axis and on the filaments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B9829FB59FF40F9A9FC7FF93E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40F9A9FA89FBF9" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF40F9A9FEABFCBD" bold="true" box="[199,337,765,792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. The sponge has a straight or slightly curved single axis, flattened in one plane, bearing numerous thin filaments perpendicularly arranged in two lateral rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FCA8F875FC96FC99" box="[815,876,801,828]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is attached by a small, enlarged base. The most complete specimen attains
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FE4FF811FDE2FCC5" box="[456,536,837,864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, but most are fragments devoid of attachment base or apical part. The axis is slightly flattened,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FE2BF83DFDE7FC21" box="[428,541,873,900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide by
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FD06F83DFD2CFC21" box="[641,726,873,900]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick. In some specimens, the basal part is devoid of lateral filaments or has only very short filaments; this nude basal part attains
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FC07F8D9FC34FC0D" box="[896,974,909,936]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in one specimen. The filaments,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FAB8F8D9FA7AFC0D" box="[1343,1408,909,936]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FEE4F8E5FE08FC69" box="[355,498,945,972]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="200.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="150.0">150–250 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at the base, with a spacing of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FC4FF8E5FBA3FC69" box="[968,1113,945,972]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.125" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="212.5" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="175.0">175–250 µm</quantity>
|
||
, are preserved only in places and are often reduced to the spicule axis. The attachment base,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FCD1F881FC48FC55" box="[854,946,981,1008]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, is very hard and includes a few rocky fragments.A few specimens have one or two short buds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FCD4F8ADFC34FBB6" box="[851,974,1017,1044]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Figs 5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FC65F8ADFBC4FBB1" box="[994,1086,1017,1044]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with an axis
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FA80F8ADFAA6FBB1" box="[1287,1372,1017,1044]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, ending in an enlarged button
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FDB6FF49FD76FB9D" box="[561,652,1053,1080]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The consistency is rigid, but the sponge breaks easily. The color is brown in ethanol, with reproductive elements appearing darker in transparency, when present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FA93FF15FA9CFBF9" box="[1300,1382,1089,1116]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Fig 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40FF31FD33F9F6" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF40FF31FED4FB25" bold="true" box="[199,302,1125,1152]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
. In most specimens the main skeleton is a thick axis in the stem,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FC79FF31FB60FB25" box="[1022,1178,1125,1152]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="1000.0" valueMax="1250.0" valueMin="750.0">750–1250 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, composed mainly of long, fusiform styles or substrongyles 1 arranged in parallel, and also including a few styles 2. Some substrongyles 3, similar to the substrongyles 3 of the attachment base, are irregularly arranged around the main axis. These spicules are present in highly variable number in this position: they are sometimes absent, but may be very numerous in specimens or parts of specimens with stems attaining
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FC4DFFA1FBF6FAB5" box="[970,1036,1269,1296]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width in which the main axis of long styles is only
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FEECFE4DFE01FA91" box="[363,507,1305,1332]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.875" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.75" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="387.5" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="375.0">375–400 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FDCDFE4DFD67FA91" box="[586,669,1305,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Fig 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The axis of the filaments,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FC5EFE4DFB93FA91" box="[985,1129,1305,1332]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="160.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="120.0">120–200 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, is made of the same styles 1, which are as long as those of the main axis, but generally less fusiform in shape. The filaments are implanted in the main axis by a basal part, in which the spicules are slightly diverging and cross the base of the opposite filament (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FECBFED1FE33FA05" box="[332,457,1413,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Figs 5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The end of the filaments appears fragile and most are broken. In a few cases, however, the filament ends in a bunch-like bouquet of a few diverging styles, 300–400 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FC78FEFDFBA2FA61" box="[1023,1112,1449,1476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Both stem and filament axes are covered by a dense feltwork of microstrongyles, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FCA2FE99FC5CFA4D" box="[805,934,1485,1512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="85.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="70.0">70–100 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick on the stem,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FBFCFE99FB15FA4D" box="[1147,1263,1485,1512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick along the filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FE8AFEA5FEA6F9A9" box="[269,348,1521,1548]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Fig 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); this dense coating is preserved only in places. Arcuate cleistochelae 1 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FBF8FEA5FB0FF9A9" box="[1151,1269,1521,1548]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="55.0">55–70 µm</quantity>
|
||
), abyssochelae 2 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FF33FD41FEFBF995" box="[180,257,1557,1584]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
|
||
), sigmas and sigmancistras are present in the stem, dispersed without order, but mostly abundant between the stem axis and the feltwork of microstrongyles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40FD09FD8AF8AD" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
The enlarged attachment base,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FDA1FD09FD7EF9DD" box="[550,644,1629,1656]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and including a few rocky fragments, is made of a dense, hard feltwork of thick styles or substrongyles 3, some remarkably short and thick. Long styles are absent from the attachment base. The microscleres include sigmancistras, a few microstrongyles which are considerably less abundant than in the other parts of the sponge and abundant abyssochelae 2 similar to those of the other parts but generally smaller (17–22 instead of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59829FB58FE6AFDB9FD9EF8AD" box="[493,612,1773,1800]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="25.0">25–32 µm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40FC45FC8DF832" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">The few buds observed have a cover of a feltwork of microstrongyles near the base, and a short axis of styles diverging near the middle in an enlarged button made of diverging fascicles, sometime with an irregular coating of arcuate cleistochelae 1 at the end, most of them with the alae and teeth outwardly directed. The microstrongyles are present at the end of the button, but do not form a dense feltwork.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB58FF40FCF5FA98F81E" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" box="[199,1378,1953,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029829FB58FF40FCF5FED3F819" bold="true" box="[199,297,1953,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FEBFFCF5FE8CF819" box="[312,374,1953,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Fig 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are many transitions between the megascleres, which are difficult to characterize.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109829FB59FF40FC91FE23FF72" blockId="8.[151,1437,261,2016]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">
|
||
Styles or substrongyles 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959829FB58FE7EFC91FD95F845" box="[505,623,1989,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="265">Fig 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) of the axis of the main stem and of the filaments: straight or slightly curved, highly variable in size, the longer ones strongly fusiform and often with a blunt tip, especially in the main axis: 338–1800 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FED8FBE8FE2FFF72" box="[351,469,188,215]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="15.0">15–45 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40FBB5FE44FEE6" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Styles 2, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FEBAFBB5FE6AFF59" box="[317,400,225,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
) mixed with styles
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FDFFFBB5FD5CFF5E" box="[632,678,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
the axis and in the filaments, straight and only weakly fusiform: 150–875 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FE90FA50FE7BFEBA" box="[279,385,260,287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Some, generally thinner and more uniform in size, diverge in bouquet at the end of the filaments: 300–400 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FEE0FA7CFE44FEE6" box="[359,446,296,323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 µm</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40FA19FC5DFE0A" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Styles or substrongyles 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FE75FA19FDBDFECD" box="[498,583,333,360]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
), thick and slightly curved, the tip being in general similar to the head. The longer ones are slightly fusiform and thus transition to styles 1: 18–580 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FC4EFA24FBBFFE2E" box="[969,1093,368,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.64" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="20.7" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="6.4">6.4–35 µm</quantity>
|
||
. They are more numerous near the base, especially the smaller ones, which may be only 18 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FCD7FAC1FC59FE0A" box="[848,931,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40FAEDFA85FE76" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" box="[199,1407,440,468]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Thin styles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FED5FAEDFE61FE71" box="[338,411,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6J</figureCitation>
|
||
), straight or slightly curved near the head, 220–290 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FC7EFAECFB92FE76" box="[1017,1128,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Found only in embryos.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40FA89FA89FDC6" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Microstrongyles or microsubstrongyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FD0BFA89FD26FE5D" box="[652,732,477,504]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
), abundant everywhere except in the attachment base, are more or less curved, sometimes strongly angular, with a smooth surface or more often bearing a variable number of swellings. The two ends are often slightly unequal: 17–50 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FD7EF970FC9DFD9A" box="[761,871,548,575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Some spicules are intermediates with the styles or substrongyles 3, and although less numerous than the small microstrongyles with swellings are always present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40F939FD0DFD0E" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Arcuate cleistochelae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FE4AF939FDDBFD2D" box="[461,545,621,648]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
): curved shaft, opposite central tooth and alae separated by a short distance: 55–70 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FF7EF9C4FE94FD0E" box="[249,366,656,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">20–35 µm</quantity>
|
||
, very rarely 50 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FDBBF9C5FD7FFD0E" box="[572,645,657,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40F9E1FB14FD56" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Abyssochelae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FEF5F9E1FE32FD75" box="[370,456,693,720]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
): strongly curved shaft, opposite central tooth and alae which are very thick and nearly touching or even in contact: 16–40 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FDBEF98CFD54FD56" box="[569,686,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 µm</quantity>
|
||
, with a height / width ratio varying from 1.2 to 1.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40F9A9FACDFC9E" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Arcuate isochelae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FE26F9A9FE0DFCBD" box="[417,503,765,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
): found only in a few specimens with embryos and probably juvenile stages, with large well separated teeth and most often bearing short, acute spines:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FC27F874FBEFFC9E" box="[928,1045,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="17.0">17–35 µm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FBA6F874FB53FC9E" box="[1057,1193,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.775" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="17.75" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.5">17.5–18 µm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29828FB59FB4AF875FAC9FC9E" box="[1229,1331,801,827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40F811FA7CFCFA" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" box="[199,1414,836,864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Sigmancistras (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FEF4F811FE40FCC5" box="[371,442,837,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6I</figureCitation>
|
||
), generally in two sizes,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FD56F810FCDBFCFA" box="[721,801,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FCD0F810FC4FFCFA" box="[855,949,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
(with the smaller being more numerous).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40F83DFF20FC02" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Sigmas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FEADF83DFE88FC21" box="[298,370,873,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6I</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FE0FF83DFE05FC26" box="[392,511,873,899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="12.0">12–20 µm</quantity>
|
||
, possibly in two sizes, the larger being very rare and not observed in some specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40F8E5FBC6FC6E" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" box="[199,1084,945,972]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Microraphides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FEFEF8E5FE31FC69" box="[377,459,945,972]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6K</figureCitation>
|
||
) found only in some embryos, very small: 4 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FC51F8E5FBCDFC6E" box="[982,1079,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40F880FD6EFBFE" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029828FB59FF40F880FD59FC4A" bold="true" box="[199,675,980,1007]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Living tissue and reproductive elements</emphasis>
|
||
. The living tissue is poorly preserved and is mainly observed in the reproductive elements. No living tissue is visible on the surfaces of the axis or the filaments. Two
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29828FB59FB76F8ADFAD6FBB6" box="[1265,1324,1017,1043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of bodies which are most probably reproductive elements are present in the middle of the axis of several specimens, located in a cavity between the spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FD8EFF15FDB5FBFE" box="[521,591,1088,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E–H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40FF31FD42FA42" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
The largest
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29828FB59FEC8FF31FE78FBDA" box="[335,386,1125,1151]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, very likely embryos at diverse development stages, are roundish or ovoid with an enlarged pole, varying from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FEE8FFDCFE3CFB06" box="[367,454,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter to 625 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FD32FFDDFCF5FB06" box="[693,783,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="320.0">320 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Their cellular content may be composed of cells about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FA07FFDCFF47FB62" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter with numerous round inclusions of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FD54FFF9FCF7FB62" box="[723,781,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, but these cells cannot be clearly distinguished given the quality of histological fixation and the thickness of the polished slides available. The tissue of these probable embryos contains numerous spicules, varying according to the maturation stage. Some have only isochelae
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FF10FE4CFEF0FA96" box="[151,266,1304,1331]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 µm</quantity>
|
||
long with a very thin shaft. Others have isochelae of the same size, but more similar to the abyssochelae of adult tissue (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FEC0FE69FE61FAF2" box="[327,411,1340,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
), and numerous sigmas
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FD29FE69FCD8FAF2" box="[686,802,1341,1367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FC42FE69FBE2FAF2" box="[965,1048,1340,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
) have one pole devoid of spicules and the other part with abyssochelae
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FDB6FE34FD5FFADE" box="[561,677,1376,1403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 µm</quantity>
|
||
, sigmas and fascicles of thin styles 220–250 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FB2EFE34FAEEFADE" box="[1193,1300,1376,1403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
as shown in Figs G, J. Sigmancistras were not observed in these embryos. It is highly probable that arcuate isochelae with large spinose teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FEB2FEFDFE7FFA61" box="[309,389,1449,1476]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[214,1374,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Fig 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
) which have been observed in a few specimens only, are located in maturing embryos, but they were not observed in the few sections examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40FEA5FC7FF93E" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
Smaller inclusions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130215959828FB59FE22FEA5FDE6F9AE" box="[421,540,1520,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1422,181,1832]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Figs 5F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FDB7FEA5FD59F9AE" box="[560,675,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, likely sperm cysts in diverse stages of maturation, were observed also in the center of the stem of the same sponges, but in a different location than the embryos. They contain either poorly distinct cells
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FE72FD6DFDB7F9F6" box="[501,589,1593,1619]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, which are probably maturing spermatozoa, or small filaments,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FF10FD09FF29F9D2" box="[151,211,1629,1655]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 µm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FEBFFD08FE72F9D2" box="[312,392,1628,1655]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, which are probably sperm cells. An envelope of elongate cells is visible around some of these presumed sperm cysts, which are devoid of spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B9828FB59FF40FDF0FC41F8A2" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40FDF0FC41F8A2" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029828FB59FF40FDF0FE00F91A" bold="true" box="[199,506,1700,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Distribution and Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens were collected by trawl or dredge from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FBEFFDF0FB1DF91A" box="[1128,1255,1700,1727]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" metricValueMax="9.52" metricValueMin="7.58" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="m" value="855.0" valueMax="952.0" valueMin="758.0">758–952 m</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A4F59828FB59FA99FDF1FF57F946" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" metricValueMax="1.019" metricValueMin="1.009" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" unit="m" value="1014.0" valueMax="1019.0" valueMin="1009.0">1009–1019 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, SE of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E49809828FB59FECEFD9DFE0DF946" box="[329,503,1737,1763]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
between
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79828FB59FDE3FD9DFD44F946" box="[612,702,1737,1763]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" precision="925" value="-23.3">23°18 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79828FB59FD41FD9CFCD5F946" box="[710,815,1736,1763]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" precision="925" value="167.95">167°57 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79828FB59FCE0FD9DFC38F946" box="[871,962,1737,1763]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" precision="925" value="-23.383333">23°23 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D6FD79828FB59FC4EFD9CFBCCF946" box="[969,1078,1736,1763]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" precision="925" value="167.9">167°54 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. The enlarged, solid attachment base of some of them indicates that they were living on rocky substrate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B9828FB59FF40FC45FB1DF88E" box="[199,1255,1809,1835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40FC45FB1DF88E" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" box="[199,1255,1809,1835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029828FB59FF40FC45FEB4F88E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1809,1835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3972939828FB59FED2FC45FDEEF88E" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2020" box="[341,532,1809,1835]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microstrongylata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029828FB59FED2FC45FDEEF88E" box="[341,532,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">microstrongylata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for the numerous, characteristic microstrongyles of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3235A9B9828FB5CFF40FC61FAD1FEBA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8609109828FB59FF40FC61FA67F87A" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029828FB59FF40FC61FECEF8EA" bold="true" box="[199,308,1845,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This species has an external shape often found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3972939828FB59FC14FC61FBCAF8EA" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[915,1072,1845,1871]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and well documented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3972939828FB59FADBFC61FF0CF8D6" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029828FB59FADBFC61FF0CF8D6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In this genus, the new species is well characterized by the presence in great number of microstrongyles forming a dense coating around the main axis and the filaments. This
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482B7B29828FB59FC27FC29FC2AF832" box="[928,976,1917,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of spicule has not been reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3972939828FB59FADBFC29FF0CF81E" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029828FB59FADBFC29FF0CF81E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor more generally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3972939828FB59FE73FCF5FD6FF81E" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[500,661,1953,1979]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Strongyles of rather similar shape are found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3972939828FB59FB2CFCF5FE42F87A" authority="Hestetun, Rapp & Xavier, 2017" authorityName="Hestetun, Rapp & Xavier" authorityYear="2017" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="266" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="boletiphora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD5029828FB59FB2CFCF5FAB7F81E" box="[1195,1357,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="266">A. boletiphora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA874E19828FB59FAD4FCF5FE42F87A" author="Hestetun, J. T. & Rapp, H. T. & Xavier, J." pageId="9" pageNumber="266" pagination="166 - 189" refId="ref10217" refString="Hestetun, J. T., Rapp, H. T. & Xavier, J. (2017) Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge seamounts. Deep-Sea Research II, 137, 166 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2016.03.004" type="journal article" year="2017">Hestetun, Rapp & Xavier, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they are larger and do not constitute a thick coating around the axis and the filaments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF465998982BFB5AFF10FC16FCA5F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3770831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770831/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="267" startId="10.[151,250,1858,1883]" targetBox="[165,1422,181,1832]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982BFB5AFF10FC16FCA5F862" blockId="10.[151,1437,1858,1991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982BFB5AFF10FC16FEF7F8FE" bold="true" box="[151,269,1858,1883]" pageId="10" pageNumber="267">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982BFB5AFE9EFC17FDAEF8FE" authority="Vacelet, 2020" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,596,1859,1883]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="267" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microstrongylata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982BFB5AFE9EFC17FDAEF8FE" box="[281,596,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="267">Abyssocladia microstrongylata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982BFB5AFDDDFC17FD51F8FE" bold="true" box="[602,683,1859,1883]" pageId="10" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E6879982BFB5AFDDDFC17FD51F8FE" box="[602,683,1859,1883]" pageId="10" pageNumber="267" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Frag-ment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF465998982AFB5BFF10FC2CFB2AF87C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3770833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770833/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="268" startId="11.[151,250,1912,1937]" targetBox="[214,1374,181,1886]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982AFB5BFF10FC2CFB2AF87C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1912,2009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="268">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982AFB5BFF10FC2CFEF6F834" bold="true" box="[151,268,1912,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="268">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397293982AFB5BFE90FC2DFDABF834" authority="Vacelet, 2020" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,593,1913,1937]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="268" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microstrongylata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982AFB5BFE90FC2DFDABF834" box="[279,593,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="268">Abyssocladia microstrongylata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD502982AFB5BFDD1FC2DFD5CF834" bold="true" box="[598,678,1913,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="268">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E6879982AFB5BFDD1FC2DFD5CF834" box="[598,678,1913,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="268" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40FBCDFAADFF72" blockId="12.[151,1436,153,287]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">The spicule slides made from diverse fragments show a certain variability especially in microscleres, possibly related to the presence of embryos which may contain spicules not found in the skeleton of the adult sponge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860910982DFB5CFF40FBB5FAD1FEBA" blockId="12.[151,1436,153,287]" pageId="12" pageNumber="269">The presence of such a remarkably dense coating of microstrongyles on the surface of the sponge raises the question of the role such a cover plays in prey capture. This will be discussed in a general remark below.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |