502 lines
77 KiB
XML
502 lines
77 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/aemnp.2022.014" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7300472" ID-ZooBank="7EF65AA0-A787-4534-8514-2D29999D48F4" approvalRequired="8" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="8" checkinTime="1667844047353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Benda, Daniel, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf & Straka, Jakub" docDate="2022" docId="03D8B6727B06FF9906879B0FCE10360C" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.62.1.185-195.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 62 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2022.014" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.6:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Xenos pallens Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="191" masterDocId="FFE1CE0A7B03FF9F066E9811CA403E2D" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Xenos (Strepsiptera: Xenidae), parasites of social wasps of the genus Mischocyttarus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the New World" masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="185" pageNumber="190" updateTime="1667844509443" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Xenos (Strepsiptera: Xenidae), parasites of social wasps of the genus Mischocyttarus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the New World</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Benda, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic & Corresponding author: e-mail: benda. daniel @ email. cz</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pohl, Hans</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beutel, Rolf</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Straka, Jakub</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-10-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>62</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>185</mods:start>
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<mods:end>195</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2022.014</mods:url>
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||
</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/aemnp.2022.014</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1804-6487</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7300472</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7EF65AA0-A787-4534-8514-2D29999D48F4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D8B6727B06FF9906879B0FCE10360C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8B6727B06FF9906879B0FCE10360C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
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<subSubSection box="[233,677,798,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="5.[233,677,798,821]" box="[233,677,798,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
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||
<heading box="[233,677,798,821]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[233,677,798,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
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<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Straka" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[233,580,798,821]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[233,387,798,821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Xenos pallens</emphasis>
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Benda & Straka
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[591,677,798,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[393,517,833,852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="5.[150,760,833,2079]" box="[393,517,833,852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
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||
(
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<figureCitation box="[399,476,833,852]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="6.[151,182,779,798]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1436,189,763]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId-0="figure-561@6.[151,1437,189,763]" captionTargetId-1="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Fig. 3. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., host, female, cephalothorax. A – Mischocyttarus costaricensis Richards, 1945, stylopised by X. pallens sp. nov., lateral view; B – the same specimen, dorsal view; C – holotype of X. pallens sp. nov., ventral side of cephalothorax; D – holotype of X. pallens sp. nov., dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviation: cl – clypeus." captionText-1="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300478" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7300478/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[485,510,833,852]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[153,184,483,502]" captionTargetBox="[163,747,195,458]" captionTargetId="figure-761@8.[153,758,189,466]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawing of cephalothorax of all known Xenos species parasitizing wasps of the genus Mischocyttarus Saussure, 1853. A – X. bicolor Benda & Straka sp. nov.; B – X. pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., C – X. americanus (Brèthes, 1923)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300482/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">5B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[150,760,833,2079]" box="[150,714,868,887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,271,868,887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
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<typeStatus box="[150,195,868,887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[276,372,868,887]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion box="[381,477,868,887]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
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, San Vito env., Las Alturas.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[150,760,833,2079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,282,902,921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Type material.</emphasis>
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Hඈඅඈඍඒඉൾ:
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<specimenCount box="[386,402,902,921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[412,460,902,921]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">CNC</collectionCode>
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), cephalothorax on mounting board (abdomen not preserved). “
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[388,527,929,948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
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<collectingCountry box="[388,523,929,948]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[546,665,929,948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Pඎඇඍൺඋൾඇൺඌ:</emphasis>
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San Vito / env., Las Alturas,
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<quantity box="[307,373,955,974]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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/
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<date box="[391,494,955,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" value="1995-08-16">16.viii.1995</date>
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/ J.
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<collectionCode box="[533,550,955,974]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">R</collectionCode>
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. Vockeroth lgt. //
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[704,759,955,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Brsp2</emphasis>
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/ host:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[210,342,982,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[210,342,982,1001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Mischocyttarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authority="Richards" authorityName="Richards" box="[361,556,982,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaricensis">
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<emphasis box="[361,472,982,1001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">costaricensis</emphasis>
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Richards
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</taxonomicName>
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, / 1945” Host:
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<taxonomicName authority="Richards, 1945" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1945" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaricensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Mischocyttarus costaricensis</emphasis>
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Richards, 1945
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</taxonomicName>
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. Pൺඋൺඍඒඉൾඌ:
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<specimenCount box="[577,625,1009,1028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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+ 1
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||
<collectionCode box="[661,691,1009,1028]" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc." pageId="5" pageNumber="190">MP</collectionCode>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[702,750,1009,1028]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">CNC</collectionCode>
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), from the same host specimen as
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<typeStatus box="[428,505,1035,1054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[150,760,833,2079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,557,1064,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Diagnosis of female cephalothorax.</emphasis>
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Differing from
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<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">X. bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[230,310,1096,1119]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[356,505,1096,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Clypoxenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis box="[356,372,1096,1119]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">X</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[383,505,1096,1119]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by following characters. Cephalothorax almost completely pale as in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[603,752,1128,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Clypoxenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis box="[603,619,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">X</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[630,752,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but in contrast to
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<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[347,456,1160,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis box="[347,363,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">X</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis box="[379,456,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">bicolor</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[465,550,1160,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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with posterior two thirds dark. Some parts of cephalothorax, especially maxillae and abdominal areas, dark and sclerotized. Smallest known species parasitizing
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[430,590,1256,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[430,590,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Mischocyttarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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wasps: cephalothorax length:
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||
<quantity box="[324,494,1288,1311]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.83" valueMax="0.86" valueMin="0.8">0.80–0.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
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||
<quantity box="[585,755,1288,1311]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="8.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.9099999999999999" valueMax="0.96" valueMin="0.86">0.86–0.96 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Other two species significantly larger:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[563,670,1320,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[563,579,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[593,670,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[677,760,1320,1343]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(length
|
||
<quantity box="[234,394,1352,1375]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" metricValueMax="1.14" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="1.02" valueMax="1.14" valueMin="0.9">0.90–1.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity box="[476,636,1352,1375]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.12" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="1.18" valueMax="1.24" valueMin="1.12">1.12–1.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Clypoxenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[656,672,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(length
|
||
<quantity box="[299,395,1384,1407]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="1.43">1.43 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity box="[470,568,1384,1407]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Mesosternal and metasternal pigmented papillae well visible, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[150,258,1448,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[150,166,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,258,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[266,350,1448,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
where papillae are unrecognizable on dark posterior part of cephalothorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[150,760,833,2079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
Description of female cephalothorax.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Shape and colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Size of cephalothorax of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[532,630,1544,1567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: length
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity box="[276,376,1576,1599]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.86">0.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Shape of cephalothorax somewhat variable but always slightly wider than long, length
|
||
<quantity box="[150,308,1640,1663]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.83" valueMax="0.86" valueMin="0.8">0.80–0.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity box="[385,543,1640,1663]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="8.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.9099999999999999" valueMax="0.96" valueMin="0.86">0.86–0.96 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Meso-metathoracic segmental border region usually very slightly constricted laterally, but not in all individuals. Anterior head margin protruding in
|
||
<typeStatus box="[292,387,1736,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, usually but not always slightly protruding. Thorax slightly widening posteriorly. Colouration mostly pale, with shades of light brown dominating. Some parts of cephalothorax, especially maxillae and abdominal regions, dark and sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[150,760,833,2079]" lastBlockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,339,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Head capsule.</emphasis>
|
||
Length of head slightly less than half of cephalothorax, proportion head/cephalothorax 0.45 (0.44–0.47) including lateral cephalic extension. Head colouration predominantly pale, not forming specific pattern. Only maxillae, lower edge of mouth opening, and area along border between head and prothorax distinctly darkened. Clypeal region well delimited from labral area. Clypeal lobe on apical margin of clypeal area usually but not always protruding (compare cl on
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1219,1301,254,277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,182,779,798]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,189,763]" captionTargetId="figure-561@6.[151,1437,189,763]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., host, female, cephalothorax. A – Mischocyttarus costaricensis Richards, 1945, stylopised by X. pallens sp. nov., lateral view; B – the same specimen, dorsal view; C – holotype of X. pallens sp. nov., ventral side of cephalothorax; D – holotype of X. pallens sp. nov., dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviation: cl – clypeus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300478/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1311,1347,254,277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Numerous sensilla present on clypeal surface, scattered through clypeal surface but mainly concentrated medially. Cuticle of frontal region slightly wrinkled, reticulated (fr,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1344,1424,350,373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Segmental border between head and prothorax indicated by indistinct coloured stripes laterally and by transition of colouration on dorsomedian region (sbhp,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1304,1386,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On ventral side head and prothorax distinctly separated by birth opening medially, and by a suture laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1188,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Supraantennal sensillary field</emphasis>
|
||
slightly wrinkled, with dispersed sensilla (ssf,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1083,1169,574,597]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Medial paired furrows indistinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" box="[858,1229,638,661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,959,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Antenna.</emphasis>
|
||
Vestige not investigated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,954,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Labrum.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral field elliptic to nearly circular, not protruding. Dorsal field elongated, slightly arcuate, distinctly protuberant, ~ 4–5× wider than long in midline (dlf,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[828,915,766,789]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal field laterally as long as medially, with dispersed setae or sensilla inserted in small concavities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,968,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
anteromedially directed at angle of 45° (40–50°), enclosed in mandibular capsule (md,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1339,1425,862,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandibular bulge more or less distinctly raised, with several sensilla. Cuticle of mandible partially smooth and partially wrinkled. Tooth narrow, wider in some individuals, directing ventrally or apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,944,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
partially fused with labial area but distinguishable from it, slightly raised anterolaterally near mandible but not distinctly prominent (mx,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1176,1260,1086,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cuticle slightly wrinkled to reticulated, distinctly sclerotized. Maxillary apex not projecting beyond mandible anteriorly, maxillary base not overlapping with mandibular base but adjacent. Vestige of palp presented, very inconspicuous, located medially on ventral side of maxilla. Maxillary base distinctly produced anterolaterally as submaxillary groove, well visible as dark interrupted line parallel to border between head and prothorax (mdb, smxg,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1181,1266,1342,1365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,951,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Labium.</emphasis>
|
||
Labial area recognisable between maxillae, delimited anteriorly by mouth opening and posteriorly by birth opening. Flat, wider than long, cuticular surface very slightly reticulated. Anterior labial surface around mouth opening distinctly sclerotized and darkened; posterior region pale (lba,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1008,1094,1534,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1029,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Mouth opening</emphasis>
|
||
widely arcuate in
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1233,1330,1566,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Variable, slightly arcuate in some individuals, medially nearly straight, distinctly sclerotized at margin (os,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1303,1388,1630,1653]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[828,1437,190,2069]" lastBlockId="6.[151,760,938,2081]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,951,1662,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,943,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pro-mesothoracic and meso-metathoracic borders distinct ventrally, indicated by mesal furrows (sbpm, sbmm,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[986,1071,1726,1749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
), borders on dorsal side indistinct. Border between metathorax and abdomen usually formed by ridge or indicated by change of cuticular sculpture. Thoracic segments constricted laterally between lateral cephalic extension and abdominal area around spiracles. Prosternal extension without different cuticular sculpture or protuberance, evenly arched. Whole prosternum pale. Cuticle of thoracic segments on ventral side reticulate to nearly smooth. Prosternum in the centre with conspicuous pigmented papillae. In three available cephalothoraces 29 (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[835,934,2046,2069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), 32, or 51 prosternal papillae (pstp,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1338,1425,2046,2069]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesosternal papillae forming two groups each situated close to lateral margin, each group containing 7 (7
|
||
<emphasis box="[711,724,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">–</emphasis>
|
||
17) papillae. Metasternal group contains 5 (5
|
||
<emphasis box="[585,598,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">–</emphasis>
|
||
18) papillae. In contrast to prosternum, pigmented papillae absent medially on mesosternum and metasternum (mstp, mtstp,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colouration of meso- and metathorax pale on both sides. Cuticle of dorsal side of thorax slightly reticulated, without papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7300478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300478/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" startId="6.[151,182,779,798]" targetBox="[160,1436,189,763]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,779,851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Straka" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[212,474,779,798]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[212,332,779,798]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Xenos pallens</emphasis>
|
||
Benda & Straka
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[479,548,779,798]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, host, female, cephalothorax. A –
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards, 1945" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1945" box="[838,1223,779,798]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaricensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[838,1086,779,798]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Mischocyttarus costaricensis</emphasis>
|
||
Richards, 1945
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stylopised by
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[1351,1437,779,798]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1351,1364,779,798]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1375,1437,779,798]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[151,220,806,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, lateral view; B – the same specimen, dorsal view; C – holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[789,875,806,825]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[789,802,806,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,875,806,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[879,948,806,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, ventral side of cephalothorax; D – holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[1351,1437,806,825]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1351,1364,806,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1375,1437,806,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[151,220,832,851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviation: cl – clypeus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,760,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,594,1194,1217]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,587,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Abdominal segment I and spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral region of abdominal segment I below spiracles darker on dorsal side, contrasting to pale thorax. Spiracles on posterior half of cephalothorax very slightly elevated, with anterolateral (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[158,255,1322,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) or anterodorsal orientation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="191" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,760,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,544,1354,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Diagnosis of male cephalotheca.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[556,716,1354,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[556,716,1354,1377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Xenos pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[338,446,1386,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[338,446,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">X. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[453,537,1386,1409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by a combination of characters. Cephalotheca protruding anteriorly, pointed apically (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[253,340,1450,1473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colouration predominantly dark, but overall lighter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[392,499,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[392,499,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">X. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[507,593,1482,1505]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, with extensive bright areas forming specific pattern. Part of genal region bordering mandible, maxilla, and labium conspicuously pale (gn,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[261,350,1578,1601]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occipital bulge very indistinct but present (ob,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[292,419,1610,1633]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Figs 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[552,664,1610,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,664,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">X. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[674,760,1610,1633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Maxillary base pale, anterior part of maxilla and vestige of palp entirely dark (mx,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[444,530,1674,1697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); maxilla completely dark in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[233,339,1706,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[233,339,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">X. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[346,429,1706,1729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="191" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,760,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
Description of male cephalotheca.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Shape and colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In frontal view rounded and broadly elliptic, length
|
||
<quantity box="[151,248,1802,1825]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.74">0.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity box="[324,422,1802,1825]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.90 mm</quantity>
|
||
; in lateral view protruding anteriorly, pointed apically. Colouration predominantly dark with some extensive pale areas forming specific pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,760,938,2081]" lastBlockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,426,1898,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,419,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Cephalothecal capsule</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Entire compound eyes pale, well visible, with darker remnants of individual cornea lenses visible. Genal region around eyes pale laterally but darker medially. Areas of gena bordering with mandible, maxilla, and labium conspicuously pale (gn,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[560,649,2026,2049]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus moderately pale. Clypeal lobe distinctly arcuate in frontal view, prominent in lateral view, pointed. Sensilla mainly concentrated on clypeal lobe. Frontal impression distinct (fi,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[828,911,1002,1025]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occipital bulge very indistinct (ob,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1305,1424,1002,1025]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Figs 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Diameter of gena between maxillary base and compound eye ~ 2.5 larger than diameter of vestigial antenna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1198,1098,1121]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Supraantennal sensillary field</emphasis>
|
||
dark, kidney-shaped, slightly bulging, without furrows, delimited medially by distinct frontal impression.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,954,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
of standard shape, dark, with small plates and complete torulus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1084,1174,1226,1249]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Periantennal area not clearly delimited from supraantennal sensillary field, dark coloured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,953,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Labrum.</emphasis>
|
||
Labral area distinct. Dorsal field conspicuous, mostly dark but lighter on central area, with dispersed setae well visible. Ventral field inconspicuous, entirely dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,963,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
orientation almost straight towards midline. Colouration overall lighter than posterior part of maxilla. Mandibular bulge with sensilla, separated from pointed tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,944,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
distinct, prominent. Vestige of palp present. Maxillary base bright, anterior part and vestige of palp entirely dark (mx,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1026,1110,1610,1633]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,182,1484,1503]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,190,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-199@7.[150,1436,189,1469]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7300480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7300480/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1156,1642,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1149,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Labium and hypopharynx</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Labium distinctly visible between and below maxillae. Prementum and postmentum entirely dark, separated by more or less distinct transverse furrow. Hypopharyngeal protuberance absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1037,1770,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1030,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Mouth opening</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Well visible, not covered by ventral labral field, slightly arcuate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="191" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" box="[828,1380,1834,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[828,888,1834,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Host.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards, 1945" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1945" box="[894,1377,1834,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaricensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,1204,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Mischocyttarus costaricensis</emphasis>
|
||
Richards, 1945
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[828,1132,1866,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
Closely related species to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka, 2022" authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1413,1429,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[828,905,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[911,995,1898,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, part of a New World clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1793" box="[1318,1383,1898,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1318,1383,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Xenos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
containing a lineage parasitizing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1135,1219,1930,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1135,1219,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Polistes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bൾඇൽൺ et al. 2021).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="191" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[828,956,1962,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benda & Pohl & Beutel & Straka" authorityYear="2022" box="[1098,1175,1962,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Xeninae" genus="Xenos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1098,1175,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(= pale, yellowish), referring to the characteristic pale colouration of the female cephalothorax; an adjective.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[828,1104,2058,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[828,1437,938,2081]" box="[828,1104,2058,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[828,974,2058,2081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[980,1100,2058,2081]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |