550 lines
68 KiB
XML
550 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="C72BE5779950BD93C145D9FB36C32854" ID-CLB-Dataset="32562" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4300.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c148623-3bb1-462f-aa68-4389bfa32e67" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="838519" ID-ZooBank="EE5688F1-3235-486C-B981-CBABE462E8A2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1501749260145" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trevisan, Bruna & Marques, Fernando P. L." docDate="2017" docId="03D087A8FFB4FFF3ACE357A7FA24F851" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4300.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4300 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinebothrium tetralobatum Brooks 1977" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="426" masterDocId="FFE9FFD0FFB7FFF6AC745779FFB9FFDE" masterDocTitle="Species diversity of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from Styracura (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), including the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="437" masterPageNumber="421" pageNumber="424" updateTime="1698466180038" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="BF192FF0D916335956A8F9FA0CBCC990" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9801738EF19AE248064A0AECDAD22B83">
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<mods:title id="CA5CCFCE711773ACDCE212E478B2BD2E">Species diversity of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from Styracura (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), including the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="955D5B6430A89A38CE5718C03E1DFF22" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0A10C7B317D1A01682D48E4C88F8403C">Trevisan, Bruna</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="76133B16AF547676385EB74F48B6F121" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3FA08F59A0BD263C4042253DC857A2D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="94234DCD85E4688C2BA8725C227ED9D5">Marques, Fernando P. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0AF18082E3FEB4C38227BDB8C6F34C32">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D6B3B723568F0ECA1873ADB0B342A5EF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C61674C26620621615D9B82A16806642">
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<mods:date id="A46D9522008A7A708126744EFF333BD3">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="34EE9510F51CEC9796982CC8D6569AB7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B118579342943B0570BAA0310D5E98C4">4300</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A88B30A526C22480388898221D329B8A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6486BC8D56A7A5B87B07F8F4364E2620">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DF1112190BC20E4EEEC425FB48A41CCC">421</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="21BB2C2F8A3E7ECC2EC57295FCEBF1C5">437</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="7802D39FAA0610A068D7891C1ABDFB6E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F695F1B25C41E8BEF7A25FF167251697" type="CLB-Dataset">32562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E4FCD61D517369E51CEC5F461D4735B4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4300.3.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8FDD5B2F8B03E91212359B14607CE06C" type="GBIF-Dataset">9c148623-3bb1-462f-aa68-4389bfa32e67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="536D1801C447FED3AC4A8C14EFAD89B4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CFC67567C912A039ACB15F114E077B06" type="Zenodo-Dep">838519</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FD0289BDCE0CEB95A3F3B5543777A85C" type="ZooBank">EE5688F1-3235-486C-B981-CBABE462E8A2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D087A8FFB4FFF3ACE357A7FA24F851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052031" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132630426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052031" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087A8FFB4FFF3ACE357A7FA24F851" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A8FFB4FFF3ACE357A7FA24F851" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<subSubSection id="C3636535FFB4FFF5ACE357A7FEABFEC7" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACE357A7FA21FF26" blockId="3.[151,1432,222,282]" box="[151,1432,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<heading id="D08E81D2FFB4FFF5ACE357A7FA21FF26" bold="true" box="[151,1432,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACE357A7FA21FF26" bold="true" box="[151,1432,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB4FFF5ACE357A7FD24FF26" authority="Brooks, 1977" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,669,222,248]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACE357A7FE4AFF26" bold="true" box="[151,499,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Rhinebothrium tetralobatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB4FFF5AD8D57A7FD24FF26" author="Brooks" box="[505,669,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" refString="Brooks, D. H. (1977) Six new species of tetraphyllidean cestodes, including a new genus, from a marine stingray Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) from Colombia. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 44 (1), 51 - 59." type="journal article" year="1977">Brooks, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB4FFF5AF7E57A7FBC9FF26" authority="Euzet, 1953" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1953" box="[778,1136,222,248]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">
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Rhinebothriidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB4FFF5AFAA57A7FBC9FF26" author="Euzet" box="[990,1136,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" refString="Euzet, L. (1953) Cestodes tetraphyllides nouveaux ou peu connus de Dasyatis pastinaca (L.). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 28, 339 - 351." type="journal article" year="1953">Euzet, 1953</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, order
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB4FFF5A8BF57A7FA21FF26" authorityName="Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood" authorityYear="2009" box="[1227,1432,222,248]" class="Cestoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Rhinebothriidea</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACE35678FEABFEC7" blockId="3.[151,1432,222,282]" box="[151,274,257,282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5ACEB5678FEB0FEC7" box="[159,265,257,282]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,249,1972,1994]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,249,1744,1766]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,249,1137,1159]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,249,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox-0="[594,1001,209,1910]" captionTargetBox-1="[217,1424,261,1697]" captionTargetBox-2="[179,1408,195,1098]" captionTargetBox-3="[207,1378,1321,1846]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[579,1007,195,1948]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,238,1747]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[179,1408,195,1116]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1301,1868]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Light micrograph of voucher specimens of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum from Styracura schmardae (LRP 9255)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum. A. Scolex (HWML 110067, Voucher), B. Cirrus-sac, C. Subterminal, mature proglottid, D. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (HWML 110071, Voucher)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum (MZUSP 7928 – 7929, Vouchers). A. Scolex, B. Proximal surface of anterior loculus, C. Proximal surface near centre of bothridium, D. Distal surface near centre of bothridium, E. Distal surface of transverse septa, F. Distal surface near longitudinal septum in anterior region of bothridium, G. Proximal surface in posterior region of bothridium, H. Surface of anterior portion of strobila." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Micrographs of transverse histological sections of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum (MZUSP 7930 a – 7930 c, Vouchers). A. Section at level of testes, B. Section at level of ovary. Abbreviations: Ed. Excretory duct, O. Ovary, T. Testis, U. Uterus, Vd. Vas deferens, Vit. Vitelline follicle." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/838521/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/838523/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/838525/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/838527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFB4FFF5ACE35630FABFFE74" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACE35630FA24FEBC" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" box="[151,1437,329,354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACE35630FEAAFEBC" bold="true" box="[151,275,329,354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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||
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFB4FFF5ACE35630FF6BFEBC" box="[151,210,329,354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Type</typeStatus>
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||
host:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB4FFF5AD6E5630FC5DFEBC" authority="(Werner) de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva" authorityName="(Werner) de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva" box="[282,996,329,354]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Styracura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
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||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5AD6E5630FDB1FEBF" box="[282,520,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Styracura schmardae</emphasis>
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(Werner) de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB4FFF5AF865630FB0DFEBC" authorityName="Compagno" authorityYear="1973" box="[1010,1204,329,354]" class="Elasmobranchii" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Myliobatiformes</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB4FFF5A8CA5630FA28FEBC" authorityName="de Carvalho et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[1214,1425,329,354]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potamotrygonidae</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACB35614FA82FE58" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" box="[199,1339,365,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
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<materialsCitation id="3B113CE3FFB4FFF5ACB35614FA82FE58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585352661" box="[199,1339,365,390]" country="Colombia" latitude="11.016666" location="Caribbean Sea" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-74.25" municipality="La Cienaga" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Magdalena" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACB35614FED0FE58" bold="true" box="[199,361,365,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFB4FFF5ACB35614FEBBFE58" box="[199,258,365,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8EA66065FFB4FFF5AD1B5614FDACFE58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087A8FFB4FFF3ACE357A7FA24F851:8EA66065FFB4FFF5AD1B5614FDACFE58" box="[367,533,365,390]" country="Colombia" latitude="11.016666" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-74.25" municipality="La Cienaga" name="Caribbean Sea" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Magdalena">Caribbean Sea</location>
|
||
,
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||
<quantity id="4C819B5BFFB4FFF5AE545614FDDEFE58" box="[544,615,365,390]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
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||
west of
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA2ACC4FFB4FFF5AEB25617FCF3FE58" box="[710,842,365,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">La Cienaga</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85CFFB4FFF5AF215614FC6DFE58" box="[853,980,365,390]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFB4FFF5AFAB5614FBF4FE58" box="[991,1101,365,390]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFB4FFF5A82A5617FB05FE58" box="[1118,1212,366,390]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="925" value="11.016666">11°01'N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFB4FFF5A8BC5614FA97FE58" box="[1224,1326,365,390]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="925" value="-74.25">74°15'W</geoCoordinate>
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||
).
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACB356E8FABFFE74" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" box="[199,1286,401,426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B113CE3FFB4FFF5ACB356E8FABFFE74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585352662" box="[199,1286,401,426]" country="Colombia" latitude="11.0" location="Tasajeras" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-74.26667" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Magdalena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACB356E8FE17FE74" bold="true" box="[199,430,401,426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Additional locality:</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EA66065FFB4FFF5ADC156E8FD99FE74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087A8FFB4FFF3ACE357A7FA24F851:8EA66065FFB4FFF5ADC156E8FD99FE74" box="[437,544,401,426]" country="Colombia" latitude="11.0" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-74.26667" name="Tasajeras" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" stateProvince="Magdalena">Tasajeras</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85CFFB4FFF5AE5F56E8FD13FE74" box="[555,682,401,426]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFB4FFF5AEC156E8FC9DFE74" box="[693,804,401,426]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFB4FFF5AF4756E8FC2BFE74" box="[819,914,401,426]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="925" value="10.966666">10°58'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFB4FFF5AFEA56E8FBB8FE77" box="[926,1025,401,425]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="925" value="-74.316666">74°19'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFB4FFF5A84C56E8FB3EFE77" box="[1080,1159,401,425]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="925" value="11.0">11°0'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D5079FFB4FFF5A8E756E8FB43FE74" box="[1171,1274,401,426]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" precision="925" value="-74.26667">74°16'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFB4FFF5ACB356CCFDFBFE10" box="[199,578,437,462]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACB356CCFDFBFE10" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" box="[199,578,437,462]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACB356CCFE32FE10" bold="true" box="[199,395,437,462]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Site of infection:</emphasis>
|
||
Spiral intestine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFB4FFF5ACB356A0FE4EFD79" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACB356A0FBC1FE2C" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" box="[199,1144,473,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACB356A0FECEFE2C" bold="true" box="[199,375,473,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype (USNPC 73967) and 6 paratypes (HWML 20253, 20266).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACB35684FDC8FD80" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACB35684FD96FDC8" bold="true" box="[199,559,509,534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Voucher specimens deposited:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68AE7BFFB4FFF5AE435687FD29FDCB" box="[567,656,510,533]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">HWML</collectionCode>
|
||
110067–110075 (9 complete worms); LRP 9254–9269 (14 complete worms);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED68AE7BFFB4FFF5AC8F5558FEE1FDE7" box="[251,344,545,569]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
7926a–7926e and 7927a–7927d (9 complete worms), 7928–7929 (2 SEM vouchers), and 7930a– 7930c (voucher and histological sections).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACB35513FE4EFD79" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACB35513FD1DFD5D" bold="true" box="[199,676,618,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Prevalence of infection and distribution</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5AED95511FD02FD5C" box="[685,699,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">―</emphasis>
|
||
80% (four of five spiral intestines), seeming to be restricted to the Atlantic coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFB4FFF5ADF455F7FE4AFD79" box="[384,499,654,679]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFB4FFF5ACB355CBFB2DFA45" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACB355CBFD2DFC35" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACB355CBFECDFD15" bold="true" box="[199,372,690,715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
[Based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFB4FFF5AE5B55CAFDE6FD15" box="[559,607,691,715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, and 58 additional mature specimens, which includes 53 whole mounts, two worms observed with SEM, and three prepared as cross-sections]. Worms craspedote (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5A93755AFFA32FD31" box="[1347,1419,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[594,1001,209,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[579,1007,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Light micrograph of voucher specimens of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum from Styracura schmardae (LRP 9255)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838521/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), euapolytic, 4.1–19.0 mm (n = 42) long, composed of 80–206 (n = 42) proglottids. Scolex 278–801 (n = 48) in maximum width, composed of four stalked and bilobed bothridia constricted at center, with muscular rims (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5A91B5467FF1CFC85" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[217,1424,261,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,238,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum. A. Scolex (HWML 110067, Voucher), B. Cirrus-sac, C. Subterminal, mature proglottid, D. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (HWML 110071, Voucher)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838523/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 3A). Bothridia 487–1,094 (n = 48) long by 122–328 (n = 48) wide, divided by 23–34 (n = 48) transverse septa and one medial longitudinal septum into 47–69 (n = 32) loculi; with anterior-most loculus single, 26–50 (n = 31) long by 31–59 (n = 31) wide; posterior-most loculi double. Cephalic peduncle absent. Proximal and distal surface of bothridia covered with acicular filitriches and gladiate spinitriches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5AFBF54D7FBA9FC19" box="[971,1040,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1137,1159]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,195,1098]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1408,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum (MZUSP 7928 – 7929, Vouchers). A. Scolex, B. Proximal surface of anterior loculus, C. Proximal surface near centre of bothridium, D. Distal surface near centre of bothridium, E. Distal surface of transverse septa, F. Distal surface near longitudinal septum in anterior region of bothridium, G. Proximal surface in posterior region of bothridium, H. Surface of anterior portion of strobila." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B–G). Anterior portion of strobila covered with capilliform filitriches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5AE5954ABFDC9FC35" box="[557,624,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1137,1159]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,195,1098]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1408,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum (MZUSP 7928 – 7929, Vouchers). A. Scolex, B. Proximal surface of anterior loculus, C. Proximal surface near centre of bothridium, D. Distal surface near centre of bothridium, E. Distal surface of transverse septa, F. Distal surface near longitudinal septum in anterior region of bothridium, G. Proximal surface in posterior region of bothridium, H. Surface of anterior portion of strobila." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACB3548EFB2DFA45" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
Immature proglottids wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity, 68–178 (n = 42) in number (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5ACEB5363FF59FBED" box="[159,224,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[594,1001,209,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[579,1007,195,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Light micrograph of voucher specimens of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum from Styracura schmardae (LRP 9255)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838521/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Terminal mature proglottids 173–900 (n = 41) long by 73–220 (n = 42) wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5A82B5363FB1BFBED" box="[1119,1186,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[217,1424,261,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,238,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum. A. Scolex (HWML 110067, Voucher), B. Cirrus-sac, C. Subterminal, mature proglottid, D. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (HWML 110071, Voucher)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838523/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C,D), 6–62 (n = 42) in number. Some terminal proglottids with sperm-filled vas deferens and atrophied testes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5A81A5347FB08FB89" box="[1134,1201,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[217,1424,261,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,238,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum. A. Scolex (HWML 110067, Voucher), B. Cirrus-sac, C. Subterminal, mature proglottid, D. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (HWML 110071, Voucher)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838523/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Testes in anterior ¼ to ½ of proglottid, oval, 15–44 (n = 37) long by 10–32 (n = 37) wide, two (n = 38) in number, arranged opposite one another (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5AD5E53FFFED7FB41" box="[298,366,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[217,1424,261,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,238,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum. A. Scolex (HWML 110067, Voucher), B. Cirrus-sac, C. Subterminal, mature proglottid, D. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (HWML 110071, Voucher)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838523/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 4A). Cirrus sac in anterior ½ of proglottid, round to pyriform, 25–78 (n = 38) long by 28–69 (n = 38) wide, containing coiled cirrus; cirrus armed with spinitriches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5AFCD53D3FC47FB1D" box="[953,1022,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[217,1424,261,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,238,1747]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum. A. Scolex (HWML 110067, Voucher), B. Cirrus-sac, C. Subterminal, mature proglottid, D. Terminal, mature proglottid in which testes are atrophied (HWML 110071, Voucher)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838523/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Genital atrium indistinct. Genital pore 18–33% (n = 41) of proglottid length from anterior end, irregularly alternating. Vagina opening into genital atrium anterior to cirrus sac, thick-walled, weakly sinuous, somewhat enlarged in proximal part, with antero-medial portion adjacent to cirrus sac, both directed laterally to common genital atrium. Vaginal sphincter absent. Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, bilobed in dorso-ventral view, tetralobed in cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A3BFFB4FFF5A8E85243FB5BFA8D" box="[1180,1250,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[207,1378,1321,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1301,1868]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Micrographs of transverse histological sections of Rhinebothrium tetralobatum (MZUSP 7930 a – 7930 c, Vouchers). A. Section at level of testes, B. Section at level of ovary. Abbreviations: Ed. Excretory duct, O. Ovary, T. Testis, U. Uterus, Vd. Vas deferens, Vit. Vitelline follicle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B), symmetrical, 68–348 (n = 42) long by 40–112 (n = 42) wide at isthmus. Vitelline follicles extending length of proglottid, longer 7–24 (n = 15) than wide 4–19 (n = 15). Detached gravid proglottids and eggs not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636535FFB4FFF3ACB352DFFA24F851" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB4FFF5ACB352DFFCC7F8DD" blockId="3.[151,1437,329,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACB352DFFE82FA61" bold="true" box="[199,315,1446,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB4FFF5AEF552DFFC7AFA60" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1977" box="[641,963,1446,1470]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5AEF552DFFC7AFA60" box="[641,963,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Rhinebothrium tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on six specimens and did not include information on tegumental structures (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5AED652B2FD07FA3C" box="[674,702,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">i.e</emphasis>
|
||
., microtriches). In addition, we also detected some discrepancies between the original description and re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFB4FFF5AF415296FCDCF9D9" box="[821,869,1519,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB4FFF5AFC85297FBE6F9D9" author="Brooks" box="[956,1119,1518,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" refString="Brooks, D. H. (1977) Six new species of tetraphyllidean cestodes, including a new genus, from a marine stingray Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) from Colombia. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 44 (1), 51 - 59." type="journal article" year="1977">Brooks (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB4FFF5A8B85296FAC4F9D8" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1977" box="[1228,1405,1518,1542]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5A8B85296FB64F9D8" box="[1228,1245,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5A8985297FAC4F9D8" box="[1260,1405,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as being
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B5BFFB4FFF5ACA8516BFEECF9F4" box="[220,341,1554,1579]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, with a genital pore position between 44 and 48% from anterior end of proglottid and an ovary measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B5BFFB4FFF5AD2F514EFE62F991" box="[347,475,1590,1615]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3246" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.0292" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" unit="in" value="249.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="198.0">198–300 in</quantity>
|
||
length. These accounts differ from our measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFB4FFF5A8FA514EFB07F991" box="[1166,1214,1591,1615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5A963514EFA8BF990" box="[1303,1330,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">i.e</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B5BFFB4FFF5A93C514FFF7CF9AC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" unit="mm" value="7.55" valueMax="9.7" valueMin="5.4">5.4–9.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 23–33%, and 86–159, respectively). Furthermore, the examination of additional material shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB4FFF5A9F05122FE91F948" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1977" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5A9F05122FA2CF9AC" box="[1412,1429,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5ACE35107FE91F948" box="[151,296,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from 4.1 to 19.0 mm in length, possesses genital pores that are located 18 to 33% from the anterior end, and that the ovary is
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B5BFFB4FFF5AE5951DBFD1BF965" box="[557,674,1698,1723]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2832" metricValueMax="8.8392" metricValueMin="1.7271999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" unit="in" value="208.0" valueMax="348.0" valueMin="68.0">68–348 in</quantity>
|
||
length (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FB0305FFB4FFF5AF7051DBFCE2F965" box="[772,859,1698,1723]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic characters of Rhinebothium tetralobatum from the original description and the present study. Measurements are given as the range, followed by number of worms in parentheses and are in micrometers, unless otherwise indicated." pageId="3" pageNumber="424">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Also,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB4FFF5AFC951DBFBDAF965" author="Brooks" box="[957,1123,1698,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" refString="Brooks, D. H. (1977) Six new species of tetraphyllidean cestodes, including a new genus, from a marine stingray Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) from Colombia. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 44 (1), 51 - 59." type="journal article" year="1977">Brooks (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the presence of a cephalic peduncle, which was not seen in either the newly collected specimens, or the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2881CFFB4FFF5A82251BEFB3FF901" box="[1110,1158,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, and described the worms as apolytic rather than euapolytic (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB4FFF5AEC75193FCCBF8DD" author="Caira" box="[691,882,1770,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="424" refString="Caira, J. N., Jensen, K. & Healy, C. J. (1999) On the phylogenetic relationships among tetraphyllidean, lecanicephalidean and diphyllidean tapeworm genera. Systematic Parasitology, 42, 77 - 151." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Caira
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB4FFF5AE835192FC91F8DD" box="[759,808,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="424">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF066636FFB3FFF2ACE350CDFA32F814" box="[151,1419,1972,1994]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/838521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" targetBox="[594,1001,209,1910]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB3FFF2ACE350CDFA32F814" blockId="4.[151,1419,1972,1994]" box="[151,1419,1972,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB3FFF2ACE350CDFEABF814" bold="true" box="[151,274,1972,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrograph of voucher specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB3FFF2AEBB50CDFC49F814" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1977" box="[719,1008,1972,1994]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB3FFF2AEBB50CDFC49F814" box="[719,1008,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Rhinebothrium tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB3FFF2A85A50CCFABCF814" box="[1070,1285,1972,1994]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Styracura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB3FFF2A85A50CCFABCF814" box="[1070,1285,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Styracura schmardae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LRP 9255).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF066636FFB2FFF3ACE357E1FDF3FF31" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB2FFF3ACE357E1FDF3FF31" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3ACE357E1FEB5FF71" bold="true" box="[151,268,152,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric and meristic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AEAE57EEFBB8FF71" box="[730,1025,151,175]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Rhinebothium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AEAE57EEFBB8FF71" box="[730,1025,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Rhinebothium tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the original description and the present study. Measurements are given as the range, followed by number of worms in parentheses and are in micrometers, unless otherwise indicated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB2FFF3ACEB5673FB5DFB70" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<table id="F979C41EFFB20009ACEB5673FAB9FB70" box="[159,1280,266,1198]" gridcols="3" gridrows="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB5673FAB9FEFE" box="[159,1280,266,288]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB5673FD95FEFE" box="[159,556,266,288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009AEB25673FCE0FEFE" box="[710,857,266,288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Brooks (1977)</th>
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009A8105673FAB9FEFE" box="[1124,1280,266,288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Present study</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB564DFAB9FE94" box="[159,1280,308,330]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB564DFD95FE94" box="[159,556,308,330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Total length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB2564DFCE0FE94" box="[710,857,308,330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">15.0–30.0 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A810564DFAB9FE94" box="[1124,1280,308,330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">4.1–19.0 (42)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB5624FAB9FEAD" box="[159,1280,349,371]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB5624FD95FEAD" box="[159,556,349,371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Total number of proglottids</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB25624FCE0FEAD" box="[710,857,349,371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">82–100 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A8105624FAB9FEAD" box="[1124,1280,349,371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">80–206 (42)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB56FFFAB9FE42" box="[159,1280,390,412]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB56FFFD95FE42" box="[159,556,390,412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Scolex width</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB256FFFCE0FE42" box="[710,857,390,412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A81056FFFAB9FE42" box="[1124,1280,390,412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">278–801 (48)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB56C9FAB9FE18" box="[159,1280,432,454]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB56C9FD95FE18" box="[159,556,432,454]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Botrhidia length</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB256C9FCE0FE18" box="[710,857,432,454]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">564–804 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A81056C9FAB9FE18" box="[1124,1280,432,454]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">487–1,094 (48)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB56A0FAB9FE31" box="[159,1280,473,495]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB56A0FD95FE31" box="[159,556,473,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Botrhidia width</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB256A0FCE0FE31" box="[710,857,473,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">228–264 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A81056A0FAB9FE31" box="[1124,1280,473,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">122–328 (48)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB557BFAB9FDC6" box="[159,1280,514,536]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB557BFD95FDC6" box="[159,556,514,536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Apical sucker length</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB2557BFCE0FDC6" box="[710,857,514,536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A810557BFAB9FDC6" box="[1124,1280,514,536]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">26–50 (31)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB5555FAB9FD9C" box="[159,1280,556,578]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB5555FD95FD9C" box="[159,556,556,578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Apical sucker width</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB25555FCE0FD9C" box="[710,857,556,578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A8105555FAB9FD9C" box="[1124,1280,556,578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">31–59 (31)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB552CFAB9FDB5" box="[159,1280,597,619]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB552CFD95FDB5" box="[159,556,597,619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Number of loculi</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB2552CFCE0FDB5" box="[710,857,597,619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">50–54 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A810552CFAB9FDB5" box="[1124,1280,597,619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">47–69 (32)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB5507FAB9FD4A" box="[159,1280,638,660]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB5507FD95FD4A" box="[159,556,638,660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Number of mature proglottids</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB25507FCE0FD4A" box="[710,857,638,660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A8105507FAB9FD4A" box="[1124,1280,638,660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">6–62 (42)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB55D1FAB9FD60" box="[159,1280,680,702]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB55D1FD95FD60" box="[159,556,680,702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Mature/terminal proglottid length</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB255D1FCE0FD60" box="[710,857,680,702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">360–564 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A81055D1FAB9FD60" box="[1124,1280,680,702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">173–900 (41)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB55A8FAB9FD39" box="[159,1280,721,743]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB55A8FD95FD39" box="[159,556,721,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Mature/terminal proglottid width</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB255A8FCE0FD39" box="[710,857,721,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">96–156 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A81055A8FAB9FD39" box="[1124,1280,721,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">73–220 (42)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB5583FAB9FCCE" box="[159,1280,762,784]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB5583FD95FCCE" box="[159,556,762,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Terminal proglottid ratio</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB25583FCE0FCCE" box="[710,857,762,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A8105583FAB9FCCE" box="[1124,1280,762,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">1.6–5.1 (41)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB545DFAB9FCE4" box="[159,1280,804,826]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB545DFD95FCE4" box="[159,556,804,826]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Genital pore position from anterior end</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB2545DFCE0FCE4" box="[710,857,804,826]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">44–48 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A810545DFAB9FCE4" box="[1124,1280,804,826]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">18–33 (41)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB5434FAB9FCBD" box="[159,1280,845,867]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB5434FD95FCBD" box="[159,556,845,867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Number of testes</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB25434FCE0FCBD" box="[710,857,845,867]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">2 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A8105434FAB9FCBD" box="[1124,1280,845,867]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">2 (38)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB540FFAB9FC52" box="[159,1280,886,908]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB540FFD95FC52" box="[159,556,886,908]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Testes length</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB2540FFCE0FC52" box="[710,857,886,908]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A810540FFAB9FC52" box="[1124,1280,886,908]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">15–44 (37)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB54D9FAB9FC68" box="[159,1280,928,950]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB54D9FD95FC68" box="[159,556,928,950]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Testes width</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB254D9FCE0FC68" box="[710,857,928,950]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">35–58 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A81054D9FAB9FC68" box="[1124,1280,928,950]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">10–32 (37)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB54B0FAB9FC01" box="[159,1280,969,991]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB54B0FD95FC01" box="[159,556,969,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Cirrus sac length</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB254B0FCE0FC01" box="[710,857,969,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A81054B0FAB9FC01" box="[1124,1280,969,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">25–78 (38)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB548BFAB9FBD6" box="[159,1280,1010,1032]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB548BFD95FBD6" box="[159,556,1010,1032]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Cirrus sac width</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB2548BFCE0FBD6" box="[710,857,1010,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">50–60 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A810548BFAB9FBD6" box="[1124,1280,1010,1032]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">28–69 (38)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB5365FAB9FBEC" box="[159,1280,1052,1074]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB5365FD95FBEC" box="[159,556,1052,1074]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Ovary length</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB25365FCE0FBEC" box="[710,857,1052,1074]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">198–300 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A8105365FAB9FBEC" box="[1124,1280,1052,1074]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">68–348 (42)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB533CFAB9FB85" box="[159,1280,1093,1115]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB533CFD95FB85" box="[159,556,1093,1115]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Ovary width</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB2533CFCE0FB85" box="[710,857,1093,1115]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">60–90 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A810533CFAB9FB85" box="[1124,1280,1093,1115]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">40–112 (42)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB5317FAB9FB5A" box="[159,1280,1134,1156]" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB5317FD95FB5A" box="[159,556,1134,1156]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Vitelline follicles length</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB25317FCE0FB5A" box="[710,857,1134,1156]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A8105317FAB9FB5A" box="[1124,1280,1134,1156]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">7–24 (15)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934FCFFB20009ACEB53E1FAB9FB70" box="[159,1280,1176,1198]" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<th id="76985D80FFB20009ACEB53E1FD95FB70" box="[159,556,1176,1198]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Vitelline follicles width</th>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009AEB253E1FCE0FB70" box="[710,857,1176,1198]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">30–40 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76985D80FFB20009A81053E1FAB9FB70" box="[1124,1280,1176,1198]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">4–19 (15)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB2FFF3ACB35396FC62F9B1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1262,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
Among 41 valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AE735397FD16FAD8" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[519,687,1262,1286]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AE735397FD16FAD8" box="[519,687,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Rhinebothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AEB45396FCCAFAD8" box="[704,883,1262,1286]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Rhinebothium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AEB45396FCCAFAD8" box="[704,883,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R. tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares the presence of two testes per proglottid with five other members of the genus. This group includes the freshwater species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3A840526AFF77FA91" authority="Reyda & Marques, 2011" authorityName="Reyda & Marques" authorityYear="2011" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fulbrighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A840526AFBFCFAF4" box="[1076,1093,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A820526AFB07FAF5" box="[1108,1214,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">fulbrighti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB2FFF3A8B2526BFF77FA91" author="Reyda" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" refString="Reyda, F. B. & Marques, F. P. L. (2011) Diversification and Species boundaries of Rhinebothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) in South American Freshwater Stingrays (Batoidea; Potamotrygonidae). PLoS ONE, 6 (8), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0022604" type="journal article" year="2011">Reyda & Marques, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AC8A524EFD38FA91" authority="Castelnau" authorityName="Castelnau" box="[254,641,1334,1359]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AC8A524EFDBEFA90" box="[254,519,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Potamotrygon orbignyi</emphasis>
|
||
Castelnau
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Bay of Marajó,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFB2FFF3AFC3524FFC46FA91" box="[951,1023,1334,1359]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
; the marine Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3A88D524EFE0BFAAD" authority="Huber & Schmidt, 1985" authorityName="Huber & Schmidt" authorityYear="1985" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="biorchidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A88D524EFAB3FA90" box="[1273,1290,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A968524FFA25FA90" box="[1308,1436,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">biorchidum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB2FFF3ACE35223FE0BFAAD" author="Huber" box="[151,434,1370,1395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" refString="Huber, P. M. & Schmidt, G. D. (1985) Rhinebothrium biorchidum n. sp., a tetraphyllidean cestode from a yellow-spotted stingray, Urolophus jamaicensis, in Jamaica. Journal of Parasitology, 71 (1), 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3281968" type="journal article" year="1985">Huber & Schmidt, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AD905222FC96FAAD" authority="Cuvier" authorityName="Cuvier" box="[484,815,1370,1395]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Urotrygonidae" genus="Urobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AD905222FD6EFAAC" box="[484,727,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Urobatis jamaicensis</emphasis>
|
||
Cuvier
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFB2FFF3AF095223FC62FAAD" box="[893,987,1370,1395]" name="Jamaica" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AF9F5222FACCFAAD" authority="Campbell, 1970" authorityName="Campbell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1003,1397,1370,1395]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinicephalum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AF9F5222FC45FAAC" box="[1003,1020,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A87B5222FB0BFAAD" box="[1039,1202,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">spinicephalum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB2FFF3A8CA5223FACCFAAD" author="Campbell" box="[1214,1397,1370,1395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" refString="Campbell, R. A. (1970) Notes on tetraphyllidean cestodes from the Atlantic Coast of North America, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 498 - 508." type="journal article" year="1970">Campbell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3ACE35206FD69FA49" authority="Hildebrand & Schroeder" authorityName="Hildebrand & Schroeder" box="[151,720,1406,1431]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Hypanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3ACE35206FE35FA48" box="[151,396,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Hypanus americanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hildebrand & Schroeder)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85CFFB2FFF3AFB05207FB9BFA49" box="[964,1058,1406,1431]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFB2FFF3A8405206FB3DFA49" box="[1076,1156,1407,1431]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
; the eastern Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3A9F05206FDA3FA65" authority="Appy & Dailey, 1977" authorityName="Appy & Dailey" authorityYear="1977" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ditesticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A9F05206FA2CFA48" box="[1412,1429,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3ACE352DAFE99FA65" box="[151,288,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">ditesticulum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB2FFF3AD5352DAFDA3FA65" author="Appy" box="[295,538,1442,1467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" refString="Appy, R. & Dailey, M. D. (1977) A new species of Rhinebothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and redescription of three rhinebothriate species from the round stingray, Urolophus halleri Cooper in southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 76, 116 - 127." type="journal article" year="1977">Appy & Dailey, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AE3052DAFCEAFA65" authority="Cooper" authorityName="Cooper" authorityYear="1863" box="[580,851,1443,1467]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Urotrygonidae" genus="Urobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="halleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AE3052DAFD40FA65" box="[580,761,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Urobatis halleri</emphasis>
|
||
Cooper
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85CFFB2FFF3AFEC52DBFBB4FA65" box="[920,1037,1442,1467]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFB2FFF3A86C52DAFBD1FA65" box="[1048,1128,1443,1467]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3A8D152DAFE84FA01" authority="Dailey & Carvajal, 1976" authorityName="Dailey & Carvajal" authorityYear="1976" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rhinobati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A8D152DAFB0FFA64" box="[1189,1206,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A8B052DAFA95FA65" box="[1220,1324,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">rhinobati</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4FFFB2FFF3A94052DBFE84FA01" author="Dailey" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" refString="Dailey, M. D. & Carvajal, J. (1976) Helminth parasites of Rhinobatos planiceps Garman 1880, including two new species of cestodes, with comments on host specificity of the genus Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890. Journal of Parasitology, 62 (6), 939 - 942." type="journal article" year="1976">Dailey & Carvajal, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AD1D52BFFD79FA01" authority="Garman" authorityName="Garman" box="[361,704,1478,1503]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AD1D52BFFDE4FA00" box="[361,605,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Rhinobatos planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
Garman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the coast
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85CFFB2FFF3AF0252BFFBB9FA01" box="[886,1024,1478,1503]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Antofagasta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762EFFB2FFF3A87952BFFBF4FA01" box="[1037,1101,1478,1503]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Biogeographical distribution aside,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AC955292FE3BF9DD" authorityName="Huber & Schmidt" authorityYear="1985" box="[225,386,1515,1539]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="biorchidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AC955292FF4BF9DC" box="[225,242,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AD765292FE3BF9DD" box="[258,386,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">biorchidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3ADE75292FDA5F9DD" authorityName="Dailey & Carvajal" authorityYear="1976" box="[403,540,1515,1539]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rhinobati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3ADE75292FE1DF9DC" box="[403,420,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3ADC05292FDA5F9DD" box="[436,540,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">rhinobati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AE2A5292FC9AF9DD" authorityName="Campbell" authorityYear="1970" box="[606,803,1515,1539]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinicephalum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AE2A5292FDD6F9DC" box="[606,623,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AEF45292FC9AF9DD" box="[640,803,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">spinicephalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AFC05292FBDCF9DD" box="[948,1125,1515,1539]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Rhinebothium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AFC05292FC7CF9DC" box="[948,965,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AFA15292FBDCF9DD" box="[981,1125,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having fewer segments (15–26, 18–33, 36–49 vs. 80–206, respectively) and a smaller number of bothridial loculi (22–30, 22, 32–34 vs. 47–69, respectively). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AE64514AFD16F995" authorityName="Huber & Schmidt" authorityYear="1985" box="[528,687,1587,1611]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="biorchidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AE64514AFD98F994" box="[528,545,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AE5B514AFD16F995" box="[559,687,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">biorchidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AE91514AFCD5F995" authorityName="Dailey & Carvajal" authorityYear="1976" box="[741,876,1587,1611]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rhinobati">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AE91514AFD4FF994" box="[741,758,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AF70514AFCD5F995" box="[772,876,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">rhinobati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3A898514AFA25F995" box="[1260,1436,1587,1611]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Rhinebothium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A898514AFA25F995" box="[1260,1436,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R. tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their smaller size (1.2–2.5,
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B5BFFB2FFF3AD9F512EFDCAF9B0" box="[491,627,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. 4.1–19.0 mm, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BEFFB2FFF3ACB35105FA24F851" blockId="5.[151,1437,1262,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3ACB35105FDBCF94A" authorityName="Appy & Dailey" authorityYear="1977" box="[199,517,1658,1684]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ditesticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3ACB35105FDBCF94A" box="[199,517,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Rhinebothrium ditesticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AE485105FD7CF94A" authorityName="Reyda & Marques" authorityYear="2011" box="[572,709,1660,1684]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fulbrighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AE485105FDF4F94D" box="[572,589,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AE2F5105FD7CF94A" box="[603,709,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">fulbrighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AFB95105FBC4F94A" box="[973,1149,1660,1684]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Rhinebothium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AFB95105FC67F94D" box="[973,990,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AF985105FBC4F94A" box="[1004,1149,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their total length (9.6– 28.7 and 3.1–18.0 mm vs. 4.1–19.0, respectively) and the number of proglottids (160–276 and 40–168 vs. 80–206, respectively). Besides the slightly overlap,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AEE651BCFC99F902" authorityName="Reyda & Marques" authorityYear="2011" box="[658,800,1732,1756]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fulbrighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AEE651BCFC99F902" box="[658,800,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R. fulbrighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses fewer bothridial loculi in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3A9F051BCFE91F8DE" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Rhinebothium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A9F051BCFE91F8DE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R. tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(43–53 vs. 47–69, respectively). In addition to that, the former has been described as having only two ovarian lobes whereas the latter has four.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AE115075FC25F8FA" authorityName="Appy & Dailey" authorityYear="1977" box="[613,924,1804,1828]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinobothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ditesticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AE115075FC25F8FA" box="[613,924,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Rhinebothrium ditesticulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3A8BE5074FAC0F8FA" box="[1226,1401,1804,1828]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Rhinebothium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A8BE5074FB62F8FA" box="[1226,1243,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3A89C5075FAC0F8FA" box="[1256,1401,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the morphology of the bothridia. It has a single posterior-most loculus on the bothridia and the anterior and posterior bothridial surfaces are completely separated, whereas,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3DFFB2FFF3AF18502CFBA4F8B2" box="[876,1053,1876,1900]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Rhinebothium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetralobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAACFFB2FFF3AF18502CFBA4F8B2" box="[876,1053,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">R. tetralobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess two posterior-most loculi and the anterior and posterior bothridial surfaces are not completely separated, but have a constriction at the center.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |