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<document id="C086E75B3821D1DE0EC91D93625BD9AC" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701862708" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4666635" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617733749844" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Lam, Katherine &amp; Morton, Brian" docDate="2008" docId="03D0879E5C26237690873DCDFC4BFA90" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.42.9-12.749-780.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701862708" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Antipathes grandiflora Silberfeld 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="769" masterDocId="FFE9FFE65C302360915F3F52FFFDFFE8" masterDocTitle="Soft corals, sea fans, gorgonians (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) and black and wire corals (Ceriantipatharia: Antipatharia) from submarine caves in Hong Kong with a checklist of local species and a description of a new species of Paraminabea" masterLastPageNumber="780" masterPageNumber="749" pageNumber="769" updateTime="1698901139494" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4893A323CD633D6FE90D663D35537EB7">Soft corals, sea fans, gorgonians (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) and black and wire corals (Ceriantipatharia: Antipatharia) from submarine caves in Hong Kong with a checklist of local species and a description of a new species of Paraminabea</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="668070535DE72CC41ABAC99DB0F45819">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3DB68FC7985E5E3471DD265505562BFB">2008</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D0B5C26237690873DCDFC73FD5F" ID-CoL="F29X" authority="Silberfeld, 1909" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[472,910,671,695]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B90DEA9A5C26237690873DCDFD29FD5F" bold="true" box="[472,724,671,695]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Antipathes grandiflora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B795C26237693833DCDFC73FD5F" author="Silberfeld E" box="[732,910,671,695]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref10514" refString="Silberfeld E. 1909. Japanische Antipatharien. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1 - 7 Supplement, 1 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1909">Silberfeld, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="13422A0D5C26237693DC3DECFD1FFD3E" box="[643,738,702,726]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="20.[213,280,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[372,1010,165,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-115@20.[372,1010,165,1015]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 6. Junceella juncea (front) and Antipathes grandiflora (back) in Conic Island Cave." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4666645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4666645/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Figure 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36365035C262376918A3D8DFBD6FCFE" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D0B5C262376918A3D8DFD51FD1E" ID-CoL="F29X" authority="Silberfeld, 1909: 26" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1909" box="[213,684,734,759]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B90DEA9A5C262376918A3D8DFE2CFD1F" box="[213,465,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Antipathes grandiflora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B795C26237690863D8CFD51FD1E" author="Silberfeld E" box="[473,684,734,758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref10514" refString="Silberfeld E. 1909. Japanische Antipatharien. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1 - 7 Supplement, 1 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1909">Silberfeld, 1909:26</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D0B5C262376918A3DADFCEFFCFE" ID-CoL="F29X" authority="Wright &amp; Studer, 1889: 291" authorityName="Wright &amp; Studer" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1889" box="[213,786,766,791]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B90DEA9A5C262376918A3DADFE2CFCFF" box="[213,465,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Antipathes grandiflora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B795C26237690863DACFCEFFCFE" author="Wright EP &amp; Studer T" box="[473,786,766,790]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref11672" refString="Wright EP, Studer T. 1889. Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 31: 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright &amp; Studer, 1889:291</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B795C26237692403DACFC1AFCFE" author="Okutani T" box="[799,999,766,790]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" refId="ref10367" refString="Okutani T. 1994. Seashore marine organism. Tokyo, Japan: Yama-Kei Publishers." type="book" year="1994">Okutani, 1994:46</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B90DEA9A5C262376918A3C6EFEA9FCBC" box="[213,340,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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Slender colony branching in all directions at angles of between 30
<emphasis id="B90DEA9A5C26237692D03C36FC64FC94" bold="true" box="[911,921,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">°</emphasis>
90
<emphasis id="B90DEA9A5C262376929F3C36FC37FC94" bold="true" box="[960,970,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">°</emphasis>
. Distances among branches vary between a few mm to
<quantity id="4C819B6D5C26237693063CD6FD5BFC74" box="[601,678,900,924]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
. Branch length up to
<quantity id="4C819B6D5C26237692D53CD6FC1EFC74" box="[906,995,900,924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="769" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
, branches either slender and curved or sinuous. Axis thin, flexible and black. Triangular spines arise vertically or sub-vertically to the axis. Smooth, distal side of spines usually steeper than the proximal. Spines arranged in 45 longitudinal rows along branches with more rows on the older parts. Polyps, in one series, usually lie on different sides of the colony. Oral cone large, swollen. Mouth small and round or slightly transversely elongate.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B90DEA9A5C262376918A3B32FE9AFB90" box="[213,359,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">
<typeStatus id="54C2882A5C262376918A3B32FEF0FB90" box="[213,269,1120,1144]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636885C262376918A3BDAFEDDFB48" blockId="22.[213,288,1160,1184]" box="[213,288,1160,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">
<collectingCountry id="F36E76185C262376918A3BDAFEE1FB48" box="[213,284,1160,1184]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636885C262376918A3B94FEA6FB36" blockId="22.[213,347,1222,1246]" box="[213,347,1222,1246]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">
<emphasis id="B90DEA9A5C262376918A3B94FEA6FB36" box="[213,347,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636885C262376918A3BBFFE47FAED" blockId="22.[213,442,1261,1285]" box="[213,442,1261,1285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">
<collectingCountry id="F36E76185C262376918A3BBFFEE6FAED" box="[213,283,1261,1285]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36E76185C26237690773BBFFE4BFAED" box="[296,438,1261,1285]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636885C262376918A3A6AFEC5FAB8" blockId="22.[213,312,1336,1360]" box="[213,312,1336,1360]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">
<emphasis id="B90DEA9A5C262376918A3A6AFEC5FAB8" box="[213,312,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC636885C262376918A3A32FC4BFA90" blockId="22.[213,950,1376,1400]" box="[213,950,1376,1400]" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">
New record for
<collectingCountry id="F36E76185C26237690D03A32FDE5FA90" box="[399,536,1376,1400]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13422A0D5C26237693763A32FD7AFA90" box="[553,647,1376,1400]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[213,280,1286,1308]" captionTargetBox="[9,1059,165,1281]" captionTargetId="figure-43@12.[324,1059,165,1249]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Living specimens of octocorals belonging to the Acanthogorgiidae and Plexauridae. A, Acanthogorgia vegae; B, Anthogorgia divaricata; C, Muricella sp.; D, Astrogorgia sinensis and E, Menella indica. Scale bar52 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4666641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4666641/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="769">Figure 3</figureCitation>
) from Conic Island Cave.
</paragraph>
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