2173 lines
256 KiB
XML
2173 lines
256 KiB
XML
<document id="9F609B962420B4F825966067752B2252" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a18" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97ab7886-552e-4bde-8390-75e1c6497fe4" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3695511" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:392603E1-AC9A-4A4D-923D-307216718171" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583244695639" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Daguenet, Thibault & Sen, Sevket" docDate="2019" docId="039D7A61916FFFF4E0B6FB9D2F21F9D4" docLanguage="en" docName="GEODIVERSITAS.41.18.663-677.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 41 (18)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nyctereutes donnezani" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="673" masterDocId="FFA40219916AFFF8E047FFCB2E48FF9B" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of Nyctereutes Temminck, 1838 (Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) from early Pliocene of Çalta, Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="677" masterPageNumber="663" pageNumber="666" updateTime="1698724253597" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5B10E75B9EC55358C016187EE8A5929A">
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<mods:title id="1B0925DEE257CAAC9DEC0ECF82C6CE2F">Phylogenetic relationships of Nyctereutes Temminck, 1838 (Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) from early Pliocene of Çalta, Turkey</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="076CD97B87A6AA22B81B3F9F07C3CD40">Daguenet, Thibault</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F89B7E7FA0031719716F3577C70C4D9D">Sen, Sevket</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D1E748BC297C78412CCF159EC44D6FBC">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5974B030D5BB0665F4A27799C9D7B2F1">
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<mods:date id="5A4C4B4FD9B19ADBC338400E8751A627">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1E8E9F1AB6D36BC1DB91E3856DE2962A">2019-10-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5F184A6B72EE5ACB6C6C54F68AB7694E">41</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="15A302352E7BB3A9160CEF88116E671A">18</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7F3E3996B5C2427A9719B854CA772002" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a18</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039D7A61916FFFF4E0B6FB9D2F21F9D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3704091" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162381580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3704091" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D7A61916FFFF4E0B6FB9D2F21F9D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D7A61916FFFF4E0B6FB9D2F21F9D4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="673" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
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<subSubSection id="C32E98FC916FFFFDE0B6FB9D2C29FB35" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE0B6FB9D2CD2FBEB" blockId="5.[241,666,1109,1136]" box="[241,666,1109,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
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<heading id="D0C37C1B916FFFFDE0B6FB9D2CD2FBEB" box="[241,666,1109,1136]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE0B6FB9D2CD2FBEB" authority="(Deperet, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[241,666,1109,1136]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE0B6FB9D2FACFBEB" bold="true" box="[241,484,1109,1136]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Nyctereutes donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916FFFFDE1B4FB9D2CDAFBEB" author="DEPERET C." box="[499,658,1110,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" pagination="7 - 195" refId="ref12997" refString="DEPERET C. 1890. - Les animaux pliocenes du Roussillon. M e moires de la Societe geologique de France, 3: 7 - 195. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42304579" type="journal article" year="1890">Depéret, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE0C3FB5E2C29FB35" blockId="5.[132,775,1173,1774]" box="[132,609,1173,1199]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">CRANIAL AND DENTAL REMAINS FROM ÇALTA</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E98FC916FFFF4E0C3FB7D2F21F9D4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="673" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE0C3FB7D2C81F975" blockId="5.[132,775,1173,1774]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE0C3FB7D2C5DFB6B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220406" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Two rather complete skulls (MNHN.F.ACA291, ACA292) belonging to fully adult individuals;</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE259FB1D2F04FA8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220413" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">damaged right upper canine (ACA300);</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE112FB3E2C5CFAAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220416" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">right P4 on a piece of bone (ACA298); two isolated M1 (ACA296, ACA297);</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE25EFADD2F0AFAF4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220405" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
a palate (unnumbered) at the Natural History Museum of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F00595916FFFFDE1BDFAFE2C00FAD4" box="[506,584,1333,1359]" country="Turkey" name="Ankara" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Ankara</collectingRegion>
|
||
bearing right and left P4-M2 series;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE10EFA9D2EA0FA0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220412" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">a left isolated M1 (AKÇ-136) at the same museum;</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE0A8FABE2EB0FA2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220408" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">right mandible with the alveolus of p1 and p2-m3 (ACA549);</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE0BAFA5E2CD5FA4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220407" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">fragment of right mandible with p4-m2 (ACA294); fragment of right mandible with c-p3 (ACA295);</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE2E2FA7E2D4FFA74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220409" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">fragment of left mandible with m1-m2 and alveolus of m3 (ACA387);</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE0C3FA3E2EA0F9B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220411" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">fragment of left mandible with p4 and alveoli of p1-p3 (FSL- 212806);</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE0A8F9DF2CD3F9B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220410" box="[239,667,1556,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">right m1 on a piece of bone (ACA548);</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE2E5F9DF2F05F9D4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220414" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">left lower canine (ACA299);</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5CC12A916FFFFDE111F9FF2C81F975" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573220415" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
fragment of left mandible with m1-m2 (AKÇ-134) and another fragment of left mandible with m1-m2 (unnumbered) in the collections of the Natural History Museum of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F00595916FFFFDE142F95F2F1EF935" box="[261,342,1684,1710]" country="Turkey" name="Ankara" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Ankara</collectingRegion>
|
||
. In addition to the cranial remains, there are a few postcranial bones that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916FFFFDE1A5F97F2CD2F954" author="GINSBURG L." box="[482,666,1716,1743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" pagination="379 - 396" refId="ref13293" refString="GINSBURG L. 1998. - Carnivores, in SEN S. (ed.), Le gisement de vertebres pliocenes de Calta, Ankara, Turquie. Geodiversitas 20: 379 - 396." type="journal article" year="1998">Ginsburg (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and measured. They are not used in the present study.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE0C3F8D82F93F8B7" blockId="5.[132,775,1811,2029]" box="[132,475,1811,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISON</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE0C3F8F82EF1F8D6" blockId="5.[132,775,1811,2029]" box="[132,185,1843,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE0C3F8F82EF1F8D6" box="[132,185,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Skull</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE0C3F8982CE5F876" blockId="5.[132,775,1811,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
The description of the cranial and dental remains is largely inspired by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916FFFFDE143F8B82FF3F815" author="GINSBURG L." box="[260,443,1907,1934]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" pagination="379 - 396" refId="ref13293" refString="GINSBURG L. 1998. - Carnivores, in SEN S. (ed.), Le gisement de vertebres pliocenes de Calta, Ankara, Turquie. Geodiversitas 20: 379 - 396." type="journal article" year="1998">Ginsburg (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who provided a detailed comparative description of the Çalta fossils with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE23CF8582F70F855" authority="vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE23CF8582D4FF836" box="[635,775,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Vulpes vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE24CF87F2C33F856" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[523,635,1972,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE24CF87F2C33F856" box="[523,635,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in particular
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE0C3F81F2F5BF876" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[132,275,2003,2029]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE0C3F81F2F5BF876" box="[132,275,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE10EF81F2C4BF876" box="[329,515,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Pomel, 1843).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE304FF312AC4FC4A" blockId="5.[813,1456,249,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
In dorsal view, the Çalta skulls are narrow, elongated, and the muzzle thins progressively forward like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE561FED22BE7FEA8" authority="vulpes" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1318,1455,281,307]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE561FED22BE7FEA8" box="[1318,1455,281,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Vulpes vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but unlike in the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE460FEF12BE0FEC8" authority="(Gray, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1063,1448,313,339]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE460FEF12B53FEC8" box="[1063,1307,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Nyctereutes procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray, 1834)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE36AFE922DD3FEE9" box="[813,923,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE7916FFFFDE3A6FE922A6CFEE8" box="[993,1060,345,371]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE41AFE922B50FEE8" box="[1117,1304,345,371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
from western Europe, which have a much more massive skull and short muzzle. In dorsal view, the narrowing of the muzzle is progressive on the Çalta skulls, while it is abrupt in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE507FE722BE7FE49" box="[1344,1455,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE31CFE122A5BFE69" box="[859,1043,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
. The nasal bones are thin and long like in all other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE452FE322AC7FD89" box="[1045,1167,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE452FE322AC3FD89" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[1045,1163,505,530]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctereutes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and they reach the level of the orbital constriction, distal to the maxillary-frontal suture. The posterodorsal part of the maxillae is slightly inclined as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE36AFD922DDCFDE9" box="[813,916,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and more than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE408FD922AECFDE9" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1103,1188,600,626]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE408FD922AECFDE9" box="[1103,1188,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The postorbital processes are thick and well developed. They present a dorsal depression as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE321FD532D89FD29" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[870,961,664,690]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE321FD532D89FD29" box="[870,961,664,690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE397FD532A76FD2A" box="[976,1086,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE431FD532B79FD29" box="[1142,1329,664,690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
. The ridges issuing from the distal margin of the postorbital processes join the sagittal crest behind the postorbital constriction, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE3D3FD332A86FC8A" authority="Tedford & Qiu, 1991" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[916,1230,759,785]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE3D3FD332DACFC8A" box="[916,996,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916FFFFDE3AFFD3C2A86FC8A" author="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z." box="[1000,1230,759,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" pagination="176 - 189" refId="ref14526" refString="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z. 1991. - Pliocene Nyctereutes (Carnivora: Canidae) from Yushe, Shanxi, with comments on Chinese fossil raccoon-dogs. Vertebrata Palasiatica 29 (3): 176 - 189." type="journal article" year="1991">Tedford & Qiu, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE4B4FD332BE0FC8A" box="[1267,1448,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE36AFCD32DD2FCAA" box="[813,922,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE396FCD32A3CFCAA" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[977,1140,791,817]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE396FCD32A3CFCAA" box="[977,1140,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the fusion of the postorbital ridges with the sagittal crest takes place in the middle of the braincase, i.e. much more caudally than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE4A8FC932B08FCEA" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[1263,1344,856,881]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE4A8FC932B08FCEA" box="[1263,1344,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the skulls of Çalta. The sagittal crest is stronger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE512FCB32BE7FC0A" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1365,1455,887,913]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE512FCB32BE7FC0A" box="[1365,1455,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE31DFC5C2A5AFC2A" box="[858,1042,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
. The braincase is curved as in the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE3DEFC7C2A44FC4B" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[921,1036,951,976]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE3DEFC7C2A44FC4B" box="[921,1036,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE405FC7C2AC4FC4A" box="[1090,1164,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE405FC7C2AC0FC4A" box="[1090,1160,951,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vulpes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE304FC1C2A8BFA8B" blockId="5.[813,1456,249,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
In lateral view, the jugal bone is larger in the specimens from Çalta than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE44FFC3C2A3FFB8B" box="[1032,1143,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE4E8FC3C2B42FB8B" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1199,1290,1014,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE4E8FC3C2B42FB8B" box="[1199,1290,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The tympanic bullae are more rounded than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE4DAFBDC2AB2FBAB" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1181,1274,1046,1072]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE4DAFBDC2AB2FBAB" box="[1181,1274,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE573FBDC2DABFBCA" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE573FBDC2BE7FBAB" box="[1332,1455,1046,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Canis lupus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The paroccipital process (or jugular process) is appressed to the tympanic bullae and descends ventrally the level or even below the level of the bullae. This process is much higher in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE3D0FB5C2DBAFB2B" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[919,1010,1174,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE3D0FB5C2DBAFB2B" box="[919,1010,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE446FB5C2A1CFB2B" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[1025,1108,1175,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE446FB5C2A1CFB2B" box="[1025,1108,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE424FB5C2A9AFB2B" box="[1123,1234,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE54DFB5C2D04FB4B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
. The nuchal crest fully dominates the occipital surface. It is stronger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE457FB1D2A22FB6B" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1040,1130,1238,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE457FB1D2A22FB6B" box="[1040,1130,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE4E6FB1D2AB0FB6B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1185,1272,1238,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE4E6FB1D2AB0FB6B" box="[1185,1272,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">C. lupus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is similar in thickness to that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE445FB3D2AF4FA94" box="[1026,1212,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE3CAFADE2AD9FA74" blockId="5.[813,1456,249,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916FFFFDE3CAFADE2A71FAAB" author="GINSBURG L." box="[909,1081,1301,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" pagination="379 - 396" refId="ref13293" refString="GINSBURG L. 1998. - Carnivores, in SEN S. (ed.), Le gisement de vertebres pliocenes de Calta, Ankara, Turquie. Geodiversitas 20: 379 - 396." type="journal article" year="1998">Ginsburg (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not note that the two skulls from Çalta are different in size, MNHN.F.ACA291 being clearly larger than ACA292. In particular, the former is more robust and has stronger sagittal and nuchal crests, better defined temporal line and occiput structures, thicker zygomatic process of the maxillary bone, elongated but less rounded braincase, and thicker postarticular process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE304FA3E2B71F8D6" blockId="5.[813,1456,249,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
An anecdote deserves to be mentioned here. When the second author (S. Sen) was cleaning and preparing the fossils from Çalta in 1974, Björn Kurtén (
|
||
<date id="FF8AEDB7916FFFFDE4EFF9FE2B6DF9D4" box="[1192,1317,1589,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" value="1924" valueMax="1988">1924-1988</date>
|
||
), the famous Finnish vertebrate paleontologist, visited the Institute of Paleontology of the Museum in Paris. He came to see the Çalta fossils under preparation, and asked for carnivores. He took the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916FFFFDE3C7F97E2DB9F955" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[896,1009,1717,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="666" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE3C7F97E2DB9F955" box="[896,1009,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
skulls of Çalta in his hands, observed them for a while, and said only “Monsieur et Madame”, and he left. We agree with B. Kurtén in considering the differences noted here above as due to sexual dimorphism. We will see that such differences also exist on the mandibles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFDE36AF8B82DDAF816" blockId="5.[813,1456,1907,2030]" box="[813,914,1907,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916FFFFDE36AF8B82DDAF816" box="[813,914,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916FFFFFE36AF8582EB6FC4A" blockId="5.[813,1456,1907,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[132,776,727,2030]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="668" pageId="5" pageNumber="666">
|
||
The ascending ramus is broken in all of the seven fragments of mandible from Çalta, which all represent parts of the corpus and bear various numbers of teeth. The corpus is quite long and moderately thick, and its depth increases progressively backward, more so on specimen MNHN.F.ACA549 than on ACA294 and FSL-212806. The ventral margin is slightly convex, mainly below the p4 and the molars. The symphyseal process is well defined under the p2, interrupting the ventral profile of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F2916DFFFFE11EFCBC2FDEFC0A" box="[345,406,887,913]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,911,929]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[132,1455,214,868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene: A-C, right mandible MNHN.F.ACA549 in occlusal (A), labial (B) and lingual (C), views; D-F, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA294 in occlusal (D), labial (E) and lingual (F) views;G-I, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA295 in occlusal (G), labial (H) and lingual (I) views; J, K, left mandible fragment FSL-212806 in lingual (J) and labial (K) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695521/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). This process is apparently absent in the extant species, but variably present in fossil species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE0C3FC7C2EBFFC4B" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[132,247,951,976]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE0C3FC7C2EBFFC4B" box="[132,247,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B9BFF916CFFFEE0C3F8082CE5F870" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3695513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695513/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="667" startId="6.[132,143,1987,2005]" targetBox="[194,1394,215,1954]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916CFFFEE0C3F8082CE5F870" blockId="6.[132,1455,1987,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="667">
|
||
FIG. 1. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916CFFFEE092F8082FDBF84E" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[213,403,1987,2005]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="667" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916CFFFEE092F8082FDBF84E" box="[213,403,1987,2005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="667">Nyctereutes donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene. Skull MNHN.F.ACA292, probably belonging to a female individual, in dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916CFFFEE530F8082BCCF84E" bold="true" box="[1399,1412,1987,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="667">A</emphasis>
|
||
), occipital (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916CFFFEE087F8112E85F877" bold="true" box="[192,205,2010,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="667">B</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916CFFFEE159F8112F64F877" bold="true" box="[286,300,2010,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="667">C</emphasis>
|
||
) and right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916CFFFEE185F8112F98F877" bold="true" box="[450,464,2010,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="667">D</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Scale bar: 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B9BFF916DFFFFE0C3FF162F74FE9E" ID-Table-UUID="DF4B9BFF916DFFFFE0C3FF162F74FE9E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B9BFF916DFFFFE0C3FF162F74FE9E" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" targetBox="[134,742,320,670]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916DFFFFE0C3FF162F74FE9E" blockId="7.[132,775,221,262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of upper and lower teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE2E5FF162E91FE9D" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE2E5FF162E91FE9D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Nyctereutes donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Çalta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916DFFFFE174FE8B2C9BFD05" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<table id="F93439D7916D0007E0C1FE8B2CAEFD05" box="[134,742,320,670]" gridcols="6" gridrows="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FE8B2CAEFECF" box="[134,742,320,340]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFE8B2FE7FECF" box="[235,431,320,340]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE174FE8B2F32FECF" bold="true" box="[307,378,320,340]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Length</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E263FE8B2CAEFECF" box="[548,742,320,340]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE237FE8B2CE3FECF" bold="true" box="[624,683,320,340]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Width</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FE952CAEFEE9" box="[134,742,350,370]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FE952EF7FEE9" box="[134,191,350,370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE0C1FE952EF7FEE9" bold="true" box="[134,191,350,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Tooth</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFE952F0EFEE9" box="[235,326,350,370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE0BFFE952F72FEE9" bold="true" box="[248,314,350,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Range</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FE952FE7FEE9" box="[373,431,350,370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE130FE952FE7FEE9" bold="true" box="[375,431,350,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Mean</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FE952C49FEE9" box="[482,513,350,370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE1ADFE952FB2FEE9" bold="true" box="[490,506,350,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FE952CC8FEE9" box="[548,640,350,370]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE268FE952C39FEE9" bold="true" box="[559,625,350,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Range</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFE952CAEFEE9" box="[682,742,350,370]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE2E9FE952CAEFEE9" bold="true" box="[686,742,350,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Mean</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FE4A2CAEFE0E" box="[134,742,385,405]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FE4A2EF7FE0E" box="[134,191,385,405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE0C1FE4A2EDDFE0E" bold="true" box="[134,149,385,405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">C</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFE4A2F0EFE0E" box="[235,326,385,405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FE4A2FE7FE0E" box="[373,431,385,405]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FE4A2C49FE0E" box="[482,513,385,405]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FE4A2CC8FE0E" box="[548,640,385,405]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFE4A2CAEFE0E" box="[682,742,385,405]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">4.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FE522CAEFE36" box="[134,742,409,429]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FE522EF7FE36" box="[134,191,409,429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">P4</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFE522F0EFE36" box="[235,326,409,429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">15.0-15.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FE522FE7FE36" box="[373,431,409,429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">15.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FE522C49FE36" box="[482,513,409,429]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">6/5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FE522CC8FE36" box="[548,640,409,429]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">7.2-7.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFE522CAEFE36" box="[682,742,409,429]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">7.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FE7A2CAEFE5E" box="[134,742,433,453]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FE7A2EF7FE5E" box="[134,191,433,453]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">M1</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFE7A2F0EFE5E" box="[235,326,433,453]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">10.8-12.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FE7A2FE7FE5E" box="[373,431,433,453]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">11.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FE7A2C49FE5E" box="[482,513,433,453]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FE7A2CC8FE5E" box="[548,640,433,453]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">11.9-14.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFE7A2CAEFE5E" box="[682,742,433,453]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">13.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FE022CAEFE46" box="[134,742,457,477]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FE022EF7FE46" box="[134,191,457,477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">M2</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFE022F0EFE46" box="[235,326,457,477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">7.3-9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FE022FE7FE46" box="[373,431,457,477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">8.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FE022C49FE46" box="[482,513,457,477]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FE022CC8FE46" box="[548,640,457,477]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">10.9-11.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFE022CAEFE46" box="[682,742,457,477]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">11.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FE292CAEFE6D" box="[134,742,482,502]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FE292EF7FE6D" box="[134,191,482,502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">c</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFE292F0EFE6D" box="[235,326,482,502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FE292FE7FE6D" box="[373,431,482,502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">8.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FE292C49FE6D" box="[482,513,482,502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FE292CC8FE6D" box="[548,640,482,502]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFE292CAEFE6D" box="[682,742,482,502]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">5.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FE312CAEFD95" box="[134,742,506,526]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FE312EF7FD95" box="[134,191,506,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">p1</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFE312F0EFD95" box="[235,326,506,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FE312FE7FD95" box="[373,431,506,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FE312C49FD95" box="[482,513,506,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FE312CC8FD95" box="[548,640,506,526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFE312CAEFD95" box="[682,742,506,526]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FDD92CAEFDBD" box="[134,742,530,550]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FDD92EF7FDBD" box="[134,191,530,550]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">p2</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFDD92F0EFDBD" box="[235,326,530,550]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">8.2-8.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FDD92FE7FDBD" box="[373,431,530,550]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">8.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FDD92C49FDBD" box="[482,513,530,550]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FDD92CC8FDBD" box="[548,640,530,550]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">3.3-3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFDD92CAEFDBD" box="[682,742,530,550]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">3.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FDE12CAEFDA5" box="[134,742,554,574]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FDE12EF7FDA5" box="[134,191,554,574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">p3</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFDE12F0EFDA5" box="[235,326,554,574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">8.4-9.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FDE12FE7FDA5" box="[373,431,554,574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">8.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FDE12C49FDA5" box="[482,513,554,574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FDE12CC8FDA5" box="[548,640,554,574]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">3.4-3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFDE12CAEFDA5" box="[682,742,554,574]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">3.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FD892CAEFDCD" box="[134,742,578,598]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FD892EF7FDCD" box="[134,191,578,598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">p4</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFD892F0EFDCD" box="[235,326,578,598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">9.8-10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FD892FE7FDCD" box="[373,431,578,598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FD892C49FDCD" box="[482,513,578,598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FD892CC8FDCD" box="[548,640,578,598]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">4.2-4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFD892CAEFDCD" box="[682,742,578,598]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">4.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FD912CAEFDF5" box="[134,742,602,622]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FD912EF7FDF5" box="[134,191,602,622]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">m1</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFD912F0EFDF5" box="[235,326,602,622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">15.4-17.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FD912FE7FDF5" box="[373,431,602,622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">16.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FD912C49FDF5" box="[482,513,602,622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FD912CC8FDF5" box="[548,640,602,622]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">6.5-8.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFD912CAEFDF5" box="[682,742,602,622]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">7.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FDB92CAEFD1D" box="[134,742,626,646]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FDB92EF7FD1D" box="[134,191,626,646]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">m2</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFDB92F0EFD1D" box="[235,326,626,646]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">9.1-10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FDB92FE7FD1D" box="[373,431,626,646]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">9.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FDB92C49FD1D" box="[482,513,626,646]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FDB92CC8FD1D" box="[548,640,626,646]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">6.2-7.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFDB92CAEFD1D" box="[682,742,626,646]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">7.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C935916D0007E0C1FD412CAEFD05" box="[134,742,650,670]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<th id="76D5A049916D0007E0C1FD412EF7FD05" box="[134,191,650,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">m3</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E0ACFD412F0EFD05" box="[235,326,650,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E132FD412FE7FD05" box="[373,431,650,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E1A5FD412C49FD05" box="[482,513,650,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E263FD412CC8FD05" box="[548,640,650,670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A049916D0007E2EDFD412CAEFD05" box="[682,742,650,670]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">4.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916DFFFFE0DCFC1C2B12FE49" blockId="7.[132,776,727,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[813,1456,217,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
One of the diagnostic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE256FC1C2CCDFC6B" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[529,645,983,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE256FC1C2CCDFC6B" box="[529,645,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence of the subangular lobe, which is the insertion ridge of the digastric muscle. This muscle links the corpus of the mandible to the paroccipital process. The digastric muscle is involved in all complex jaw action, mainly by pulling the lower jaw backward and pivoting it at the jaw joint to open the mouth. The subangular lobe is strong on the specimen MNHN.F.ACA549, similar in importance to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE2F1FB7D2E82FB74" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE2F1FB7D2E82FB74" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE1FCFB1D2C58FB74" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[443,528,1238,1263]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE1FCFB1D2C58FB74" box="[443,528,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Yushe Basin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE0CAFB3D2F68FA8B" author="DEPERET C." box="[141,288,1270,1296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="7 - 195" refId="ref12997" refString="DEPERET C. 1890. - Les animaux pliocenes du Roussillon. M e moires de la Societe geologique de France, 3: 7 - 195. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42304579" type="journal article" year="1890">Depéret 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE16CFB3E2C41FA8B" author="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z." box="[299,521,1269,1296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="176 - 189" refId="ref14526" refString="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z. 1991. - Pliocene Nyctereutes (Carnivora: Canidae) from Yushe, Shanxi, with comments on Chinese fossil raccoon-dogs. Vertebrata Palasiatica 29 (3): 176 - 189." type="journal article" year="1991">Tedford & Qiu 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but weak on specimen ACA294 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F2916DFFFFE0B3FADE2F7AFAAB" box="[244,306,1301,1328]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,911,929]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[132,1455,214,868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene: A-C, right mandible MNHN.F.ACA549 in occlusal (A), labial (B) and lingual (C), views; D-F, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA294 in occlusal (D), labial (E) and lingual (F) views;G-I, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA295 in occlusal (G), labial (H) and lingual (I) views; J, K, left mandible fragment FSL-212806 in lingual (J) and labial (K) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695521/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lobe is stronger and placed distally in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE0C3FAFD2F75FAD4" box="[132,317,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE10DFAFD2FFEFAD4" box="[330,438,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE1ACFAFD2C3CFAD4" box="[491,628,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. abdeslami</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE2C4FAFE2D48FAD4" author="BOULE M." box="[643,768,1333,1359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="321 - 330" refId="ref12848" refString="BOULE M. 1889. - Le Canis megamastoides du Pliocene moyen de Perrier (Puy de Dome). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, serie 3, 17: 321 - 330. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 31611854" type="journal article" year="1889">Boule 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE0C3FA9E2F52FAF4" author="DEPERET C." box="[132,282,1365,1391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="7 - 195" refId="ref12997" refString="DEPERET C. 1890. - Les animaux pliocenes du Roussillon. M e moires de la Societe geologique de France, 3: 7 - 195. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42304579" type="journal article" year="1890">Depéret 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE160FA9E2C8AFAF4" author="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. & PIVETEAU J." box="[295,706,1365,1391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref14679" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. & PIVETEAU J. 1930. - Les mammiferes fossiles de Nihowan (Chine). Annales de Paleontologie 19: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1930">Teilhard de Chardin & Piveteau 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE297FA9E2EF5FA0B" author="VIRET J." pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref14771" refString="VIRET J. 1954. - Le loess a bancs durcis de Saint-Vallier (Drome) et sa faune de mammiferes villafranchiens. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Lyon 4: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1954">Viret 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE089FABE2F16FA14" author="MARTIN R." box="[206,350,1397,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="39 - 58" refId="ref13750" refString="MARTIN R. 1971. - Les affinites de Nyctereutes megamastoides (Pomel), Canide du gisement villafranchien de Saint-Vallier (Drome). Palaeovertebrata 5: 39 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.18563 / pv. 4.2.39 - 58" type="journal article" year="1971">Martin 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE129FABE2C16FA14" author="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z." box="[366,606,1397,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="176 - 189" refId="ref14526" refString="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z. 1991. - Pliocene Nyctereutes (Carnivora: Canidae) from Yushe, Shanxi, with comments on Chinese fossil raccoon-dogs. Vertebrata Palasiatica 29 (3): 176 - 189." type="journal article" year="1991">Tedford & Qiu 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE229FABE2CB7FA14" author="KOUFOS G. D." box="[622,767,1397,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref13527" refString="KOUFOS G. D. 1993. - Late Pliocene carnivores from western Macedonia (Greece). Palaontologische Zeitshrift 67: 357 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02990288" type="journal article" year="1993">Koufos 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE0C3FA5E2F52FA34" author="GERAADS D." box="[132,282,1429,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="127 - 164" refId="ref13181" refString="GERAADS D. 1997. - Carnivores du Pliocene terminal de Ahl al Oughlam (Casablanca, Maroc). Geobios 30: 127 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (97) 80263 - X" type="journal article" year="1997">Geraads 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE160FA5D2FA4FA34" author="DE VOS J. & VAN DER MADE J. & ATHANASSIOU A. & LYRAS G. A. & SONDAAR P. Y. & DERMITZAKIS M." box="[295,492,1429,1456]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="37 - 69" refId="ref12938" refString="DE VOS J., VAN DER MADE J., ATHANASSIOU A., LYRAS G. A., SONDAAR P. Y. & DERMITZAKIS M. 2002. - Preliminary note on the late Pliocene fauna from Vatera (Lesvos, Greece). Annales geologiques des Pays helleniques 39: 37 - 69." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
De Vos
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE13CFA5D2FE6FA34" box="[379,430,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE1BEFA5E2CE3FA34" author="ROOK L. & BARTOLINI LUCENTI S. & BUKHSIANIDZE M. & KIPANIDZE D." box="[505,683,1429,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="1258 - 1271" refId="ref14123" refString="ROOK L., BARTOLINI LUCENTI S., BUKHSIANIDZE M. & LORD- KIPANIDZE D. 2017. - The Kvabebi Canidae record revisited (late Pliocene, Sighnaghi, eastern Georgia). Journal of Paleontology 91 (6): 1258 - 1271. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2017.73" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Rook
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE27DFA5D2C25FA34" box="[570,621,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as in the extant species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE13AFA7D2D4AFA54" authority="(Hidaka et al. 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Hidaka" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[381,770,1461,1487]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE13AFA7D2C68FA54" box="[381,544,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE268FA7E2CBFFA54" author="HIDAKA S. & MATSUMOTO M. & HIJI H. & OHSAKO S. & NISHIDA H." box="[559,759,1461,1487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref13329" refString="HIDAKA S., MATSUMOTO M., HIJI H., OHSAKO S. & NISHIDA H. 1998. - Morphology and morphometry of skulls of raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides and badgers, Meles meles. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 60: 161 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.1292 / jvms. 60.161" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Hidaka
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE2C2FA7D2CF1FA54" box="[645,697,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The degree of development of this lobe, which is weak in the species from late the Miocene/early Pliocene (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE214FA3E2C93F994" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[595,731,1525,1551]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE214FA3E2C93F994" box="[595,731,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE0C3F9DE2E9CF9B5" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[132,212,1557,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE0C3F9DE2E9CF9B5" box="[132,212,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but strong in the younger species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE20CF9DE2D48F9B5" box="[587,768,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE0C3F9FE2FC0F9D5" box="[132,392,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. sinensis, N. abdeslami</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE1FAF9FE2C17F9D5" box="[445,607,1588,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE1FAF9FE2C17F9D5" box="[445,607,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), is used to distinguish species. However, as shown by the specimens from Çalta, the robustness of this lobe may also be due to sexual dimorphism. To quantify the importance of the subangular lobe, we calculated the index (depth of the body behind m2/ depth of the body in front of p4) × 100. This index is 148 on the mandible with a strong subangular lobe (ACA549), and 130 on the mandible with a weak subangular lobe ACA294. We hypothesize that this difference in the development of the subangular lobe is due to sexual dimorphism, a strong subangular lobe being characteristic of male individuals. This value is 147 for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F75D5916DFFFFE113F85F2FCAF835" box="[340,386,1940,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">type</typeStatus>
|
||
mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE249F85F2CD3F836" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[526,667,1939,1965]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE249F85F2CD3F836" box="[526,667,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan, 133 for the mandible of Layna,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE7916DFFFFE278F8782C36F856" box="[575,638,1971,1997]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 123 for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F75D5916DFFFFE0C3F81F2EFAF875" box="[132,178,2004,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">type</typeStatus>
|
||
mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE10FF81F2FD4F876" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[328,412,2004,2029]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE10FF81F2FD4F876" box="[328,412,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but 142 for the other mandible referred to this species from the Upper Gaozhuang Formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE320FF322A0FFE88" author="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z." box="[871,1095,249,275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="176 - 189" refId="ref14526" refString="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z. 1991. - Pliocene Nyctereutes (Carnivora: Canidae) from Yushe, Shanxi, with comments on Chinese fossil raccoon-dogs. Vertebrata Palasiatica 29 (3): 176 - 189." type="journal article" year="1991">Tedford & Qiu 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1G). In other words, all these specimens are similar in the robustness of the subangular lobe if we consider that the large values indicate male individuals and the small values female individuals. This index cannot be applied to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE3FCFEB22A3CFE09" box="[955,1140,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE4C7FEB22AA4FE09" box="[1152,1260,377,402]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE4BEFEB22BC9FE09" box="[1273,1409,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. abdeslami</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE36AFE522D84FE29" box="[813,972,408,434]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE36AFE522D84FE29" box="[813,972,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because in these species the subangular lobe is situated in a different position, as we will see below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916DFFFFE304FE132BF8FB0B" blockId="7.[813,1456,217,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
Another character of the subangular lobe is its position and shape.On specimen MNHN.F.ACA549 it extends from beneath the distal half of m1 to behind m3, and its distal margin is curved. The mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE404FDF22A9AFDC9" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1091,1234,568,594]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE404FDF22A9AFDC9" box="[1091,1234,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE36AFD922D33FDE9" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[813,891,601,626]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE36AFD922D33FDE9" box="[813,891,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Yushe Basin have a similar shape and position of the subangular lobe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE463FDB32AFFFD09" author="DEPERET C." box="[1060,1207,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="7 - 195" refId="ref12997" refString="DEPERET C. 1890. - Les animaux pliocenes du Roussillon. M e moires de la Societe geologique de France, 3: 7 - 195. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42304579" type="journal article" year="1890">Depéret 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE486FDB32BE8FD09" author="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z." box="[1217,1440,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="176 - 189" refId="ref14526" refString="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z. 1991. - Pliocene Nyctereutes (Carnivora: Canidae) from Yushe, Shanxi, with comments on Chinese fossil raccoon-dogs. Vertebrata Palasiatica 29 (3): 176 - 189." type="journal article" year="1991">Tedford & Qiu 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the fragment of mandible from Layna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE545FD532D2DFD4A" author="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E." pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="83 - 115" refId="ref14401" refString="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E. 1976. - El canido de Layna: revision de los Nyctereutes fosiles. Trabajos Neogeno y Cuaternario 5: 83 - 115." type="journal article" year="1976">Soria & Aguirre 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 2, fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE3BFFD7C2B64FD49" author="BARTOLINI LUCENTI S. & ROOK L. & MORALES J." box="[1016,1324,695,722]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="597 - 616" refId="ref12685" refString="BARTOLINI LUCENTI S., ROOK L. & MORALES J. 2018. - Nyctereutes (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae) from Layna and the Eurasian raccoon-dogs: an updated revision. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 124 (3): 597 - 616. https: // doi. org / 10.13130 / 2039 - 4942 / 10739" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Bartolini Lucenti
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE4FEFD732AA5FD4A" box="[1209,1261,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4A-C), the subangular lobe is weaker and starts a little more distally than on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F75D5916DFFFFE3F7FD332D96FC89" box="[944,990,760,786]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">type</typeStatus>
|
||
mandible from Perpignan. We suggest that the Layna hemimandible may represent a female individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE36AFCF32DF3FCCA" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[813,955,823,849]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE36AFCF32DF3FCCA" box="[813,955,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE38EFCFC2A2FFCC9" author="KOUFOS G. D." box="[969,1127,823,850]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref13564" refString="KOUFOS G. D. 1997. - The canids Eucyon and Nyctereutes from the Ruscinian of Macedonia, Greece. Paleontologia i Evolucio 30 / 31: 39 - 48." type="journal article" year="1997">Koufos (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE4A3FCF32B7FFCCA" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[1252,1335,824,849]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE4A3FCF32B7FFCCA" box="[1252,1335,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a well-preserved skull from Megalo Emvolon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE7916DFFFFE4EBFC9C2AB1FCEA" box="[1196,1273,855,881]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but its mandible is unknown. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE39DFCB32ADCFC0A" box="[986,1172,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
from Perrier (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE7916DFFFFE56AFCBC2B30FC0A" box="[1325,1400,887,913]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and from many other localities in Europe,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE492FC5C2B1BFC2A" authorityName="Soria & Aguirre" authorityYear="1976" box="[1237,1363,919,945]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE492FC5C2B1BFC2A" box="[1237,1363,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from St Vallier,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE339FC7C2A41FC4A" box="[894,1033,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. abdeslami</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE7916DFFFFE40BFC7C2AF8FC4A" box="[1100,1200,951,977]" name="Morocco" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as well as in the extant species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE330FC1C2A59FC6B" box="[887,1041,982,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE330FC1C2A59FC6B" box="[887,1041,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ventral margin of the body is almost flat and the subangular lobe is situated more posteriorly, its maximum development being under the coronoid process. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE36AFBFC2DD1FBCB" box="[813,921,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE7916DFFFFE39EFBFD2A57FBCB" box="[985,1055,1078,1104]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the ventral margin of the mandible is irregularly curved, and the subangular lobe is situated a little more anteriorly than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE468FBBC2AA1FB0B" box="[1071,1257,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE559FBBC2BF8FB0B" box="[1310,1456,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. abdeslami.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916DFFFFE304FB5D2BF8FA34" blockId="7.[813,1456,217,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
Distal to the subangular lobe, MNHN.F.ACA549 displays an open angle between the subangular lobe and the base of the ascending ramus; this part is not preserved on the other specimens of Çalta. In the mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE4A4FB3D2B3BFA94" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1251,1395,1269,1295]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE4A4FB3D2B3BFA94" box="[1251,1395,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and Layna, this angle is also a rather open curve. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE30BFAFD2AD7FAD4" box="[844,1183,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. megamastoides, N. abdeslami</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE491FAFD2B0CFAD4" box="[1238,1348,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
the distal margin of the subangular lobe is almost vertical, and the angle between this lobe and the angular process is sharp. For this character,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE380FA5D2A09FA34" authorityName="Soria & Aguirre" authorityYear="1976" box="[967,1089,1429,1455]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE380FA5D2A09FA34" box="[967,1089,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays an intermediate position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916DFFFFE304FA7E2A42F914" blockId="7.[813,1456,217,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
The labial face has two mental foramina, the larger one is under the p1 at the mid depth of the body, and the second smaller one is under p3 and situated in the upper part of the body. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE3FAF9DE2A52F9B5" box="[957,1050,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE3FAF9DE2A5EF9B5" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[957,1046,1557,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">N. tingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the second foramen is placed under the anterior root of the p3. Although there are two mental foramina in all species, their position is somewhat variable between individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB77916DFFFFE304F95F2BF8F876" blockId="7.[813,1456,217,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">
|
||
Judging by our reading of the literature, sexual dimorphism in fossil species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F4916DFFFFE405F97E2AFDF955" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[1090,1205,1717,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE405F97E2AFDF955" box="[1090,1205,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown. This may be partly explained by the limited number of specimens in most localities and their fragmentary nature, which is insufficient to demonstrate sexual dimorphism. However, some localities, such as Saint-Vallier (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE7916DFFFFE439F8FF2A82F8D5" box="[1150,1226,1844,1870]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, latest Pliocene) have yielded abundant remains of raccoon dog. The Saint-Vallier material has been studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE430F8B82B49F815" author="VIRET J." box="[1143,1281,1907,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref14771" refString="VIRET J. 1954. - Le loess a bancs durcis de Saint-Vallier (Drome) et sa faune de mammiferes villafranchiens. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Lyon 4: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1954">Viret (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE557F8B82BE7F815" author="MARTIN R." box="[1296,1455,1907,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="39 - 58" refId="ref13750" refString="MARTIN R. 1971. - Les affinites de Nyctereutes megamastoides (Pomel), Canide du gisement villafranchien de Saint-Vallier (Drome). Palaeovertebrata 5: 39 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.18563 / pv. 4.2.39 - 58" type="journal article" year="1971">Martin (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE31AF8582DB1F835" author="ARGANT A." box="[861,1017,1939,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="182" refId="ref12397" refString="ARGANT A. 2004. - Les carnivores du gisement pliocene final de Saint-Vallier (Drome, France). Geobios, memoire special 37: S 133 - S 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (04) 80013 - 5" type="journal article" year="2004">Argant (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who referred it to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE48CF85F2BCEF836" box="[1227,1414,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B686916DFFFFE36AF8782A66F855" author="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E." box="[813,1070,1971,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="668" pagination="83 - 115" refId="ref14401" refString="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E. 1976. - El canido de Layna: revision de los Nyctereutes fosiles. Trabajos Neogeno y Cuaternario 5: 83 - 115." type="journal article" year="1976">Soria & Aguirre (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who distinguished it as a new subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE33BF81F2AD4F876" box="[892,1180,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">N. megamastoides vulpinus,</emphasis>
|
||
and by Monguillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401765916DFFFFE53BF81F2BF8F876" box="[1404,1456,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="668">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B9BFF9162FFF0E0C3F8842C3EF8E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3695517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695517/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="669" startId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1842]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779162FFF0E0C3F8842C3EF8E3" blockId="8.[132,1455,1871,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">
|
||
FIG. 2. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49162FFF0E094F8842FC7F8FA" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[211,399,1871,1889]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659162FFF0E094F8842FC7F8FA" box="[211,399,1871,1889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">Nyctereutes donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Çalta,central Turkey,early Pliocene.Skull MNHN.F.ACA291,probably belonging to a male individual,in dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659162FFF0E509F8842B13F8FA" bold="true" box="[1358,1371,1871,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">A</emphasis>
|
||
), occipital (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659162FFF0E0CEF8AD2EDEF8E3" bold="true" box="[137,150,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">B</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659162FFF0E0A0F8AD2EBDF8E3" bold="true" box="[231,245,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">C</emphasis>
|
||
) and right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659162FFF0E1CCF8AD2FD1F8E3" bold="true" box="[395,409,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">D</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Scale bar: 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E82FD7799162FFF0E0C3F8582CE1F876" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779162FFF0E0C3F8582CE1F876" blockId="8.[132,775,1939,2029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">
|
||
(2004) who recognized a distinct species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49162FFF0E207F85F2CF3F836" authorityName="Soria & Aguirre" authorityYear="1976" box="[576,699,1939,1965]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659162FFF0E207F85F2CF3F836" box="[576,699,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">N. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These authors did not mention any differences to be interpreted as sexual dimorphism in the Saint-Vallier assemblage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779162FFF1E304F8582D4BFB2B" blockId="8.[813,1455,1939,2030]" lastBlockId="9.[132,775,1046,1200]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="670" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">
|
||
On the other hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869162FFF0E44DF8582A9BF835" author="HIDAKA S. & MATSUMOTO M. & HIJI H. & OHSAKO S. & NISHIDA H." box="[1034,1235,1939,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="669" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref13329" refString="HIDAKA S., MATSUMOTO M., HIJI H., OHSAKO S. & NISHIDA H. 1998. - Morphology and morphometry of skulls of raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides and badgers, Meles meles. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 60: 161 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.1292 / jvms. 60.161" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Hidaka
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659162FFF0E41CF85F2AC1F836" box="[1115,1161,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869162FFF0E544F8582BE7F835" author="KIM S. I. & SUZUKI S. & OH J. & KOYABU D. & OSHIDA T. & LEE H. & MIN M. S. & KIMURA J." box="[1283,1455,1939,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="669" pagination="1609 - 1616" refId="ref13446" refString="KIM S. I., SUZUKI S., OH J., KOYABU D., OSHIDA T., LEE H., MIN M. S. & KIMURA J. 2012. - Sexual dimorphism of craniodental morphology in the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides from South Korea. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 74 (12): 1609 - 1616. https: // doi. org / 10.1292 / jvms. 12 - 0281" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Kim
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659162FFF0E571F85F2B2DF836" box="[1334,1381,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed some features indicating sexual dimorphism in the extant species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49162FFF0E384F81F2A2CF876" box="[963,1124,2003,2029]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659162FFF0E384F81F2A2CF876" box="[963,1124,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="669">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as stronger canine width, longer m3, thicker mandibular body and narrower postorbital constriction in male individuals, and a more globular braincase in female individuals. These observations partly overlap with the morphological differences that we noted as due to sexual dimorphism in the skulls and mandibles from Çalta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B9BFF9163FFF1E0C3FC442A1DFC55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695521" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3695521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695521/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" startId="9.[132,143,911,929]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,868]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779163FFF1E0C3FC442A1DFC55" blockId="9.[132,1457,911,975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">
|
||
FIG. 3. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E093FC442FD9FC3A" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[212,401,911,929]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E093FC442FD9FC3A" box="[212,401,911,929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Nyctereutes donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E2B4FC442D5DFC3A" bold="true" box="[755,789,911,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, right mandible MNHN.F.ACA549 in occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E4D5FC442AD7FC3A" bold="true" box="[1170,1183,911,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">A</emphasis>
|
||
), labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E4A4FC442AB8FC3A" bold="true" box="[1251,1264,911,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E519FC442B24FC3A" bold="true" box="[1374,1388,911,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">C</emphasis>
|
||
), views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E0C3FC6D2EECFC23" bold="true" box="[132,164,934,952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">D -F</emphasis>
|
||
, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA294 in occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E22AFC6D2C33FC23" bold="true" box="[621,635,934,952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">D</emphasis>
|
||
), labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E2F9FC6D2C82FC23" bold="true" box="[702,714,934,952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">E</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E370FC6D2D0AFC23" bold="true" box="[823,834,934,952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">F</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E3C4FC6D2DD7FC23" bold="true" box="[899,927,934,952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">G -I</emphasis>
|
||
, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA295 in occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E520FC6D2B3DFC23" bold="true" box="[1383,1397,934,952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">G</emphasis>
|
||
), labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E0CEFC762EDFFC54" bold="true" box="[137,151,957,975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">H</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E141FC762F44FC54" bold="true" box="[262,268,957,975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">I</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E109FC762F10FC54" bold="true" box="[334,344,957,975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">J</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E124FC762F38FC54" bold="true" box="[355,368,957,975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">K</emphasis>
|
||
, left mandible fragment FSL-212806 in lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E2BCFC762D4DFC54" bold="true" box="[763,773,957,975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">J</emphasis>
|
||
) and labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E32DFC762D3FFC54" bold="true" box="[874,887,957,975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">K</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Scale bar: 50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779163FFF1E0C3FB1D2EA1FB74" blockId="9.[132,775,1238,2030]" box="[132,233,1238,1263]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E0C3FB1D2EA1FB74" box="[132,233,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779163FFF1E0C3FB3E2C39FA0B" blockId="9.[132,775,1238,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">
|
||
The only upper incisor preserved is an I3 of MNHN.F.ACA292, which has an asymmetric and rather sharp crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29163FFF1E2DDFADE2C9FFAAB" box="[666,727,1301,1328]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1987,2005]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,215,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[194,1394,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene. Skull MNHN.F.ACA292, probably belonging to a female individual, in dorsal (A), occipital (B), ventral (C) and right lateral (D) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695513/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its buccal face is slightly curved. The lingual face is curved mainly at the base of the crown. The morphology is quite similar to that of the I3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E170FABD2FD9FA14" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[311,401,1397,1423]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E170FABD2FD9FA14" box="[311,401,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E18FFABD2C23FA14" box="[456,619,1397,1423]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E18FFABD2C23FA14" box="[456,619,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779163FFF1E0DCFA5E2C78F915" blockId="9.[132,775,1238,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">
|
||
The upper canine is long, sharp and barely curved. It is similar in size and thickness to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E260FA7D2CFFFA54" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[551,695,1461,1487]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E260FA7D2CFFFA54" box="[551,695,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Perpignan (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29163FFF1E09AFA1E2F51FA74" box="[221,281,1493,1519]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[132,1455,215,1842]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta,central Turkey,early Pliocene.Skull MNHN.F.ACA291,probably belonging to a male individual,in dorsal (A), occipital (B), ventral (C) and right lateral (D) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695517/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E10BFA1E2C4CFA74" box="[332,516,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
from Dafnero in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE79163FFF1E2FAFA1E2D4FFA74" box="[701,775,1493,1519]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Kvabebi in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE79163FFF1E173FA3E2FC2F994" box="[308,394,1525,1551]" name="Georgia" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869163FFF1E1DBFA3E2C57F994" author="VEKUA A." box="[412,543,1525,1551]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" refId="ref14747" refString="VEKUA A. 1972. - Kvabebi Fauna of Akchagylian Vertebrates. Nauka, Moscow, 258 p. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1972">Vekua 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869163FFF1E268FA3E2CF5F994" author="KOUFOS G. D." box="[559,701,1525,1551]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref13527" refString="KOUFOS G. D. 1993. - Late Pliocene carnivores from western Macedonia (Greece). Palaontologische Zeitshrift 67: 357 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02990288" type="journal article" year="1993">Koufos 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869163FFF1E28BFA3E2EBAF9B4" author="ROOK L. & BARTOLINI LUCENTI S. & BUKHSIANIDZE M. & KIPANIDZE D." pageId="9" pageNumber="670" pagination="1258 - 1271" refId="ref14123" refString="ROOK L., BARTOLINI LUCENTI S., BUKHSIANIDZE M. & LORD- KIPANIDZE D. 2017. - The Kvabebi Canidae record revisited (late Pliocene, Sighnaghi, eastern Georgia). Journal of Paleontology 91 (6): 1258 - 1271. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2017.73" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Rook
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E0C3F9DE2EFEF9B5" box="[132,182,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as in the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E1B3F9DE2CDCF9B5" box="[500,660,1556,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E1B3F9DE2CDCF9B5" box="[500,660,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the upper canine is rather gracile and curved distally, similar in that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E0C3F99E2E9DF9F5" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[132,213,1621,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E0C3F99E2E9DF9F5" box="[132,213,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE79163FFF1E154F99F2F11F9F5" box="[275,345,1620,1646]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The canines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E1BAF99E2C1CF9F5" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[509,596,1620,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E1BAF99E2C1CF9F5" box="[509,596,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are slightly more pointed than in the specimens of Çalta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779163FFF1E0DCF95F2A27F815" blockId="9.[132,775,1238,2030]" lastBlockId="9.[813,1456,1046,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">
|
||
The P1, P2 and P3 are not preserved. There is a diastema of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929163FFF1E081F97F2F4CF954" box="[198,260,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
between the single alveolus of P1 and the anterior alveolus of the P2. The P4 is robust compared to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E2EAF91E2CB7F975" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[685,767,1748,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E2EAF91E2CB7F975" box="[685,767,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">V.vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E127F93E2FA3F895" baseAuthorityName="Deperet" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[352,491,1780,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E127F93E2FA3F895" box="[352,491,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and Layna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29163FFF1E0CCF8DF2E81F8B5" box="[139,201,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1987,2005]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,215,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[194,1394,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene. Skull MNHN.F.ACA292, probably belonging to a female individual, in dorsal (A), occipital (B), ventral (C) and right lateral (D) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695513/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29163FFF1E092F8DF2EABF8B5" box="[213,227,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[132,1455,215,1842]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta,central Turkey,early Pliocene.Skull MNHN.F.ACA291,probably belonging to a male individual,in dorsal (A), occipital (B), ventral (C) and right lateral (D) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695517/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior depression between the protocone and paracone is moderately deep, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E266F8FF2F62F8F5" authority="(Perpignan and Layna)" baseAuthorityName="Perpignan and Layna" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E266F8FF2CE5F8D6" box="[545,685,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
(Perpignan and Layna)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E108F89F2C4BF8F6" box="[335,515,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
of Perrier this depression is more lingual, as it is in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E1DDF8BF2FA4F816" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[410,492,1908,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E1DDF8BF2FA4F816" box="[410,492,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while in other specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E0D8F85F2F1EF836" box="[159,342,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Montopoli, Dafnero, Sesklon, Kvabebi) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E0F5F87F2F57F856" box="[178,287,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Nihowan and Yushe Basin), the anterior face of the P4 is almost straight. The latter two species differ in having the protocone strongly projected antero-lingually like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E30FFBFC2DE9FBCB" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[840,929,1078,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E30FFBFC2DE9FBCB" box="[840,929,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while on the Çalta specimens, it does not exceed the level of the anterior margin of the paracone or is barely anterior to it. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E3A1FBBC2A72FB0B" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[998,1082,1143,1168]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E3A1FBBC2A72FB0B" box="[998,1082,1143,1168]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the protocone is small, protrudes anterior to the paracone and is situated near it, thus shaping slender the outline of P4. There is a sharp ridge descending from the tip of the paracone anteriorly.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869163FFF1E4B7FB1D2D3FFA8B" author="BARTOLINI LUCENTI S." pageId="9" pageNumber="670" pagination="211 - 218" refId="ref12566" refString="BARTOLINI LUCENTI S. 2017. - Nyctereutes megamastoides (Canidae, Mammalia) from the early and middle Villafranchian (late Pliocene and early Pleistocene) of the Lower Valdarno (Firenze and Pisa, Tuscany, Italy). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 123 (2): 211 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.13130 / 2039 - 4942 / 8327" type="journal article" year="2017">Bartolini Lucenti (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a detailed morphological analysis of P
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929163FFF1E5C4FB3D2BE7FA94" box="[1411,1455,1269,1296]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E3BDFADD2A25FAB4" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[1018,1133,1302,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E3BDFADD2A25FAB4" box="[1018,1133,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He noted that the metastylar blade is short in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E3A0FAFD2A31FAD4" box="[999,1145,1333,1359]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E3A0FAFD2A31FAD4" box="[999,1145,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and Layna, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E31DFA9D2D9CFAF4" authorityName="Soria & Aguirre" authorityYear="1976" box="[858,980,1365,1391]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E31DFA9D2D9CFAF4" box="[858,980,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Saint-Vallier,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE79163FFF1E4E2FA9D2AB8FAEB" box="[1189,1264,1366,1392]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while it is long in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F75D59163FFF1E313FABD2DCAFA0B" box="[852,898,1398,1424]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E3BAFABD2AFCFA14" box="[1021,1204,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
from Perrier, indicating a more carnivorous diet. We tried to calculate the ratio of the metastylar blade to the total buccal length (paracone + metastylar blade) in all available records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E547FA1E2B3BFA75" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[1280,1395,1493,1518]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E547FA1E2B3BFA75" box="[1280,1395,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Eurasia. Our results are not conclusive. The metastylar blade represents 37 to 46% of the total length, without, however, discriminating any species. For instance, on seven P4 from Çalta, this ratio varies between 38.8 and 43.1%. A continuous and thick lingual cingulum runs from the distal edge of the protocone to the distal base of the metacone. This cingulum is weak in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E3E4F97E2A2AF955" box="[931,1122,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">M. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Perrier, Montopoli, Dafnero, Sesklon, Kvabebi),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E3BEF91E2A3AF975" authorityName="Soria & Aguirre" authorityYear="1976" box="[1017,1138,1748,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E3BEF91E2A3AF975" box="[1017,1138,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(St.-Vallier) and in the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E36AF93E2D87F895" box="[813,975,1780,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E36AF93E2D87F895" box="[813,975,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but similar in thickness to that of the Çalta specimens in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E3F9F8DF2B5CF8B5" authority="(Perpignan, Layna)" baseAuthorityName="Perpignan, Layna" box="[958,1300,1812,1838]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E3F9F8DF2A00F8B5" box="[958,1096,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
(Perpignan, Layna)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E502F8DF2BE7F8B6" box="[1349,1455,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Nihowan). In summary, the P4 from Çalta is almost identical in proportions and morphology to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49163FFF1E4AEF89F2B3DF8F6" box="[1257,1397,1875,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659163FFF1E4AEF89F2B3DF8F6" box="[1257,1397,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and Layna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29163FFF1E466F8B82A17F816" box="[1057,1119,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,958,976]" captionTargetBox="[592,1017,567,806]" captionTargetId="graphics@10.[589,1018,567,806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Length/Width dispersal diagrams of three upper (P4, M1 and M2) and three lower (p4, m1 and m2) cheek teeth for specimens from Perpignan, Layna and Çalta referred to N. donnezani, and N. tingi from Yushe Basin, China. Measurements for specimens from Çalta and Perpignan are our measurements; those for Layna are taken from Soria & Aguirre (1976) and for N. tingi from Tedford & Qiu (1991)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695523/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779163FFF1E304F8582BE7F876" blockId="9.[813,1456,1046,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">
|
||
The M1 is almost as long as it is wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29163FFF1E493F8582B47F836" box="[1236,1295,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,958,976]" captionTargetBox="[592,1017,567,806]" captionTargetId="graphics@10.[589,1018,567,806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Length/Width dispersal diagrams of three upper (P4, M1 and M2) and three lower (p4, m1 and m2) cheek teeth for specimens from Perpignan, Layna and Çalta referred to N. donnezani, and N. tingi from Yushe Basin, China. Measurements for specimens from Çalta and Perpignan are our measurements; those for Layna are taken from Soria & Aguirre (1976) and for N. tingi from Tedford & Qiu (1991)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695523/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="670">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the typical feature of this molar is the narrowness of its lingual part, which gives it an almost triangular outline,a character shared with
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0DFFDEC2A79FDAC" blockId="10.[139,1464,549,834]" box="[152,1073,549,569]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">W W W</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0CCFDFF2A6DFDDF" blockId="10.[139,1464,549,834]" box="[139,1061,562,582]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">7 9 9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0CCFD492A6CFD09" blockId="10.[139,1464,549,834]" box="[139,1060,639,660]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">5 7 7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0CCFD1B2A6DFD7B" blockId="10.[139,1464,549,834]" box="[139,1061,717,738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">3 5 5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0CCFCD02A6DFCB5" blockId="10.[139,1464,549,834]" box="[139,1061,795,814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">1 3 3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0DBFCFB2BF0FCD9" blockId="10.[139,1464,549,834]" box="[156,1464,816,834]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<uuid id="FF92F1A29160FFF2E0DBFCFB2BF0FCD9" box="[156,1464,816,834]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">681012145101520254681012</uuid>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E225FCA72DA6FCE6" blockId="10.[610,1047,875,920]" box="[610,1006,875,894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E225FCA72C87FCE5" box="[610,719,876,894]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E225FCA72C87FCE5" box="[610,719,876,894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- Layna
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E304FCA72DF8FCE5" box="[835,944,876,894]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E304FCA72DF8FCE5" box="[835,944,876,894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- Çalta
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E225FC4D2A5FFC0C" blockId="10.[610,1047,875,920]" box="[610,1047,901,920]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E225FC4D2CA3FC03" bold="true" box="[610,747,902,920]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E225FC4D2CE9FC03" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[610,673,902,920]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E225FC4D2CE9FC03" bold="true" box="[610,673,902,920]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Yushe
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E304FC4E2DF8FC0C" box="[835,944,901,919]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E304FC4E2DF8FC0C" box="[835,944,901,919]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- Perpignan
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B9BFF9160FFF2E0C3FC752D23FC65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3695523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695523/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" startId="10.[132,143,958,976]" targetBox="[592,1017,567,806]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0C3FC752D23FC65" blockId="10.[132,1455,958,1022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
FIG. 4. — Length/Width dispersal diagrams of three upper (P4, M1 and M2) and three lower (p4, m1 and m2) cheek teeth for specimens from Perpignan, Layna and Çalta referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E172FC1E2FE9FC7C" box="[309,417,981,999]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E172FC1E2FE9FC7C" box="[309,417,981,999]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E197FC1E2C43FC7C" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[464,523,981,999]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E197FC1E2C43FC7C" box="[464,523,981,999]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Yushe Basin, China. Measurements for specimens from Çalta and Perpignan are our measurements; those for Layna are taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869160FFF2E112FC202C42FC65" author="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E." box="[341,522,1003,1022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" pagination="83 - 115" refId="ref14401" refString="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E. 1976. - El canido de Layna: revision de los Nyctereutes fosiles. Trabajos Neogeno y Cuaternario 5: 83 - 115." type="journal article" year="1976">Soria & Aguirre (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E208FC272CC2FC65" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[591,650,1004,1022]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E208FC272CC2FC65" box="[591,650,1004,1022]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869160FFF2E2FCFC272D2FFC65" author="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z." box="[699,871,1003,1022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" pagination="176 - 189" refId="ref14526" refString="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z. 1991. - Pliocene Nyctereutes (Carnivora: Canidae) from Yushe, Shanxi, with comments on Chinese fossil raccoon-dogs. Vertebrata Palasiatica 29 (3): 176 - 189." type="journal article" year="1991">Tedford & Qiu (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0C3FBFC2FAAF994" blockId="10.[132,776,1078,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E0C3FBFC2F43FBCB" box="[132,267,1078,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E0C3FBFC2F43FBCB" box="[132,267,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E151FBFC2F13FBCB" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[278,347,1079,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E151FBFC2F13FBCB" box="[278,347,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E1D5FBFC2C63FBCB" box="[402,555,1078,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E1D5FBFC2C63FBCB" box="[402,555,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E216FBFC2F42FBEB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. megamastoides, N. abdeslami</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E179FB9C2FE0FBEB" box="[318,424,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
, the lingual part is larger, and the molar has a trapezoidal outline. In addition, the occlusal outline of M1 and M
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929160FFF2E154FB5D2F73FB2B" box="[275,315,1174,1200]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
the first group of species is curved distally in their lingual parts, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E1C6FB7D2F88FB4B" box="[385,448,1206,1232]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E1C6FB7D2F88FB4B" box="[385,448,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">Vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E1B2FB7D2C66FB4B" box="[501,558,1206,1232]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E1B2FB7D2C66FB4B" box="[501,558,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">Canis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while in the second group the M1 is not curved distally, but the M2 is. The paracone and metacone are equally large on the M1 of Çalta as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E2FEFB3D2E8FFAB4" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E2FEFB3D2E8FFAB4" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and Layna and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E25EFADD2C84FAB4" box="[537,716,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
from Perrier, Dafnero, Sesklon and Kvabebi. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E279FAFD2CC6FAD4" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[574,654,1334,1359]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E279FAFD2CC6FAD4" box="[574,654,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E2DBFAFD2D4EFAD4" box="[668,774,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E0F7FA9D2F1AFAF4" box="[176,338,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E0F7FA9D2F06FAF4" box="[176,334,1365,1391]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">N. procyonoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the metacone is smaller than the paracone. The metaconule is well developed and slightly taller than the protocone. The M1 is surrounded by thick buccal and lingual cingula and thin mesial and distal cingula. The development of the cingula displays intra and interspecific variation and is rarely used for species distinction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0DCF9DF2D40F816" blockId="10.[132,776,1078,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
The M2 is wider than long. The paracone is a little stronger than the metacone, and the metaconule is weaker than the protocone. These features are also found in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E22AF99E2FD4F915" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E22AF99E2D4BF9F5" box="[621,771,1620,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">N. donnezani</taxonomicName>
|
||
, N. megamastoides,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E10DF9BE2FD4F915" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[330,412,1653,1678]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">N. tingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E195F9BE2C0EF915" box="[466,582,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. sinensis,</emphasis>
|
||
but the latter two species have a metaconule that is even smaller. The hypocone is well developed and strongly raised, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E267F97E2CE1F955" box="[544,681,1716,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E267F97E2CE1F955" box="[544,681,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Layna and Perpignan. It is different from that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E20EF91E2CFFF975" box="[585,695,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
, which has a much more massive hypocone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869160FFF2E256F93F2F68F8B5" author="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. & PIVETEAU J." pageId="10" pageNumber="671" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref14679" refString="TEILHARD DE CHARDIN P. & PIVETEAU J. 1930. - Les mammiferes fossiles de Nihowan (Chine). Annales de Paleontologie 19: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1930">Teilhard de Chardin & Piveteau 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The labial and lingual cingula are present, well developed and continuous. The lingual part is curved distally as in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E184F89F2C7EF8F6" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[451,566,1876,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E184F89F2C7EF8F6" box="[451,566,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this curvature is a little stronger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E119F8BF2FE7F816" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[350,431,1908,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E119F8BF2FE7F816" box="[350,431,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E1FAF8BF2C62F816" box="[445,554,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E219F8BF2D40F816" box="[606,776,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E219F8BF2D4CF816" box="[606,772,1907,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">N. procyonoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E0DCF8582A52FBEB" blockId="10.[132,776,1078,2030]" lastBlockId="10.[813,1456,1078,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
The lower canine is sharp, a little shorter than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E2FBF85F2EFAF856" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E085F87F2F2EF856" box="[194,358,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E085F87F2F2EF856" box="[194,358,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E1D8F87F2FB2F856" authorityName="vulpes (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[415,506,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E1D8F87F2FB2F856" box="[415,506,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">V. vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in particular much less curved distally than in these species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29160FFF2E213F8182CDDF876" box="[596,661,2003,2029]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,911,929]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[132,1455,214,868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene: A-C, right mandible MNHN.F.ACA549 in occlusal (A), labial (B) and lingual (C), views; D-F, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA294 in occlusal (D), labial (E) and lingual (F) views;G-I, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA295 in occlusal (G), labial (H) and lingual (I) views; J, K, left mandible fragment FSL-212806 in lingual (J) and labial (K) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695521/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In these characters, it recalls
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E440FBFC2ADFFBCB" box="[1031,1175,1078,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E440FBFC2ADFFBCB" box="[1031,1175,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Layna, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E51CFBFC2BE7FBCB" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[1371,1455,1079,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E51CFBFC2BE7FBCB" box="[1371,1455,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Yushe Basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E304FBBD2A91FA97" blockId="10.[813,1456,1078,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
The p1 is small and single-rooted, and its crown is narrow, sharp and, similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E4B5FB5C2BC8FB2B" box="[1266,1408,1174,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E4B5FB5C2BC8FB2B" box="[1266,1408,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E36AFB7D2D9AFB4B" box="[813,978,1206,1232]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E36AFB7D2D9AFB4B" box="[813,978,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
asymmetric. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E444FB7D2A8CFB4B" box="[1027,1220,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">M. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E493FB7D2B62FB54" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[1236,1322,1206,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E493FB7D2B62FB54" box="[1236,1322,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E523FB7D2D13FB74" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
this tooth is strongly because of its tip is displaced mesially. asymmetric
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E304FADE2DD4F9F5" blockId="10.[813,1456,1078,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
The other lower premolars are two-rooted, narrow, elongated and with a sharp tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29160FFF2E41BFAFE2AD2FAD4" box="[1116,1178,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,911,929]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[132,1455,214,868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene: A-C, right mandible MNHN.F.ACA549 in occlusal (A), labial (B) and lingual (C), views; D-F, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA294 in occlusal (D), labial (E) and lingual (F) views;G-I, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA295 in occlusal (G), labial (H) and lingual (I) views; J, K, left mandible fragment FSL-212806 in lingual (J) and labial (K) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695521/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Their length and width increase from p2 to p4. The mesial ridge is sharper than the distal one as in all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E4E0FABD2B52FA14" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[1191,1306,1398,1423]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E4E0FABD2B52FA14" box="[1191,1306,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only the p4 has a distinct distal accessory cuspid.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E483FA5D2B37FA34" box="[1220,1407,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E36AFA7D2DD4FA54" box="[813,924,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
frequently also have a distal accessory cuspid on the p3. The distal edge of the premolars is widened and only the p4 has a distal cingulum, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E4ACFA3E2B35F994" box="[1259,1405,1525,1551]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E4ACFA3E2B35F994" box="[1259,1405,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E36AF9DE2DC8F9B5" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[813,896,1557,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E36AF9DE2DC8F9B5" box="[813,896,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In other species, the distal edge of the premolars is much wider, in particular in p4, and often surrounded by a cingulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779160FFF2E304F9BF2BE7F875" blockId="10.[813,1456,1078,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">
|
||
The m1 is elongate and about twice as long as it is wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29160FFF2E52BF9BF2BE0F915" box="[1388,1448,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,911,929]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[132,1455,214,868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene: A-C, right mandible MNHN.F.ACA549 in occlusal (A), labial (B) and lingual (C), views; D-F, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA294 in occlusal (D), labial (E) and lingual (F) views;G-I, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA295 in occlusal (G), labial (H) and lingual (I) views; J, K, left mandible fragment FSL-212806 in lingual (J) and labial (K) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695521/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29160FFF2E36AF95F2D73F935" box="[813,827,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,958,976]" captionTargetBox="[592,1017,567,806]" captionTargetId="graphics@10.[589,1018,567,806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Length/Width dispersal diagrams of three upper (P4, M1 and M2) and three lower (p4, m1 and m2) cheek teeth for specimens from Perpignan, Layna and Çalta referred to N. donnezani, and N. tingi from Yushe Basin, China. Measurements for specimens from Çalta and Perpignan are our measurements; those for Layna are taken from Soria & Aguirre (1976) and for N. tingi from Tedford & Qiu (1991)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695523/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior slope of the paraconid is almost vertical, while its posterior slope is inclined, similar like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E550F97E2BE0F955" box="[1303,1448,1716,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E550F97E2BE0F955" box="[1303,1448,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In other species, the distal slope of the paraconid is almost flat or slightly inclined near the protoconid. The protoconid is well developed, massive and greatly dominates the other cusps. The talonid is wide as, or even wider than the trigonid. This is also the case in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E48AF89F2B08F8F6" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[1229,1344,1876,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E48AF89F2B08F8F6" box="[1229,1344,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E36AF8BF2DDFF816" box="[813,919,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E38EF8BF2A1BF816" box="[969,1107,1907,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E38EF8BF2A1BF816" box="[969,1107,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan, which have narrower talonids, while in the specimens of Layna, also referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49160FFF2E30DF87F2D91F856" box="[842,985,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="671" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659160FFF2E30DF87F2D91F856" box="[842,985,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="671">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the talonid is wider than the trigonid. The hypoconid is slightly more developed than the entoconid. In
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B9BFF9161FFF3E0C3FF162AB4FE87" ID-Table-UUID="DF4B9BFF9161FFF3E0C3FF162AB4FE87" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B9BFF9161FFF3E0C3FF162AB4FE87" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" targetBox="[145,1453,342,1319]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779161FFF3E0C3FF162AB4FE87" blockId="11.[132,1457,221,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
TABLE 3. — List of phylogenetically informative characters of skull,mandible and dentition,and their character states used in the present cladistic analysis.Twelve characters, indicated in bold numbers, are defined in the present study. 21 other characters are inspired from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869161FFF3E453FF3F2AF8FE9D" author="TEDFORD R. H. & TAYLOR B. E. & WANG X. - M." box="[1044,1200,244,262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref14568" refString="TEDFORD R. H., TAYLOR B. E. & WANG X. - M. 1995. - Phylogeny of the Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae): the living taxa. American Museum Novitates 3146: 1 - 37. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 3559" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Tedford
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E41FFF3F2ACAFE9D" box="[1112,1154,244,262]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869161FFF3E4FDFF3F2AACFE9D" author="TEDFORD R. H. & WANG X. & TAYLOR B. E." box="[1210,1252,244,262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref14624" refString="TEDFORD R. H., WANG X. & TAYLOR B. E. 2009. - Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History 325: 1 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 574.1" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with some modification. Characters and character states used for cladistic analyses. The characters in bold numbers are those drawn from our own observations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779161FFF3E0DAFE9D2DCDFABC" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<table id="F93439D791610007E0D6FE9D2BE5FABC" box="[145,1453,342,1319]" gridcols="2" gridrows="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FE9D2BE5FEF1" box="[145,1453,342,362]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FE9D2EE1FEF1" box="[145,169,342,362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">1</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FE9D2BE5FEF1" box="[190,1453,342,362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Nasal length: (0) long, usually extending posteriorly beyond the maxillary-frontal suture; (1) short, does not exceed the frontal-</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FEA42BE5FE18" box="[145,1453,367,387]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FEA42BE5FE18" box="[145,1453,367,387]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">maxillary suture.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FE432BE5FE07" box="[145,1453,392,412]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FE432EE1FE07" box="[145,169,392,412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0DAFE432EE1FE07" bold="true" box="[157,169,392,412]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FE432BE5FE07" box="[190,1453,392,412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Muzzle narrowing anterior to zygomatic process of maxillary: (0) not marked; (1) marked.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FE6B2BE5FE2E" box="[145,1453,416,437]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FE6B2EE1FE2E" box="[145,169,416,437]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0DAFE6A2EE1FE2E" bold="true" box="[157,169,417,437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FE6B2BE5FE2E" box="[190,1453,416,437]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Shape of palate: (0) V-shaped; (1) little narrowing at the level of P3s; (2) strong narrowing at the level of P3s.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FE732BE5FE57" box="[145,1453,440,460]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FE732EE1FE57" box="[145,169,440,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FE732BE5FE57" box="[190,1453,440,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Sagittal crest: (0) confined to parietal; (1) extends onto frontal.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FE1A2BE5FE7E" box="[145,1453,465,485]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FE1A2EE1FE7E" box="[145,169,465,485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FE1A2BE5FE7E" box="[190,1453,465,485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Paroccipital process: (0) narrow mediolaterally; (1) broad mediolaterally.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FE222BE5FE66" box="[145,1453,489,509]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FE222EE1FE66" box="[145,169,489,509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0DAFE222EE1FE66" bold="true" box="[157,169,489,509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">6</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FE222BE5FE66" box="[190,1453,489,509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Paroccipital process: (0) posteriorly directed; (1) ventrally directed; (2) anteriorly directed.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FDC92BE5FD8D" box="[145,1453,514,534]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FDC92EE1FD8D" box="[145,169,514,534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0DAFDC92EE1FD8D" bold="true" box="[157,169,514,534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">7</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FDC92BE5FD8D" box="[190,1453,514,534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Paroccipital process: (0) free from bulla except at base; (1) fused with bulla through most of its length.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FDD12BE5FDB4" box="[145,1453,538,559]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FDD12EE1FDB4" box="[145,169,538,559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0DAFDD02EE1FDB4" bold="true" box="[157,169,539,559]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">8</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FDD12BE5FDB4" box="[190,1453,538,559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Paroccipital process: (0) ventrally does not exceed bulla; (1) ventrally it exceeds bulla.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FDF92BE5FDDD" box="[145,1453,562,582]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FDF92EE1FDDD" box="[145,169,562,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FDF92BE5FDDD" box="[190,1453,562,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Palate width at the level of P1: (0) narrow; (1) large.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FD802BE5FDC4" box="[145,1453,587,607]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FD802EE1FDC4" box="[145,169,587,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FD802BE5FDC4" box="[190,1453,587,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">I3: (0) only slightly larger than other incisors, posteromedial cingulum weak or absent; (1) markedly larger than I1–I2, posteromedial</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FDAF2BE5FDE3" box="[145,1453,612,632]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FDAF2BE5FDE3" box="[145,1453,612,632]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">cingulum present and enlarged.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FDB72BE5FD0B" box="[145,1453,636,656]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FDB72EE1FD0B" box="[145,169,636,656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">11</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FDB72BE5FD0B" box="[190,1453,636,656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">P3 posterior cusp: (0) present; (1) very weak or absent.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FD5F2BE5FD33" box="[145,1453,660,680]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FD5F2EE1FD33" box="[145,169,660,680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">12</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FD5F2BE5FD33" box="[190,1453,660,680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">P4 shape: (0) broad, protocone large, anterior cingulum strong; (1) slender, protocone small, anterior cingulum weak or absent,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FD652BE5FD59" box="[145,1453,686,706]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FD652BE5FD59" box="[145,1453,686,706]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">particularly across paracone.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FD0D2BE5FD41" box="[145,1453,710,730]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FD0D2EE1FD41" box="[145,169,710,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">13</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FD0D2BE5FD41" box="[190,1453,710,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">P4 protocone: (0) extends anterolingually beyond anterior end of paracone; (1) extends more lingually and not beyond anterior end of</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FD2B2BE5FD6F" box="[145,1453,736,756]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FD2B2BE5FD6F" box="[145,1453,736,756]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">paracone.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FD332BE5FC97" box="[145,1453,760,780]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FD332EE1FC97" box="[145,169,760,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0D6FD332EE1FC97" bold="true" box="[145,169,760,780]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">14</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FD332BE5FC97" box="[190,1453,760,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">P4 lingual cingulum: (0) absent or residual; (1) present.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FCDA2BE5FCBE" box="[145,1453,785,805]" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FCDA2EE1FCBE" box="[145,169,785,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0D6FCDA2EE1FCBE" bold="true" box="[145,169,785,805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">15</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FCDA2BE5FCBE" box="[190,1453,785,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">M1 occlusal outline: (0) lingual part narrow; (1) lingual part wide.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FCE22BE5FCA6" box="[145,1453,809,829]" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FCE22EE1FCA6" box="[145,169,809,829]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">16</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FCE22BE5FCA6" box="[190,1453,809,829]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">M1 hypocone: (0) small, barely differentiated from lingual cingulum; (1) enlarged, differentiated from lingual cingulum.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FC8A2BE5FCCE" box="[145,1453,833,853]" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FC8A2EE1FCCE" box="[145,169,833,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">17</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FC8A2BE5FCCE" box="[190,1453,833,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">M1 paracone: (0) not markedly enlarged relative to metacone; (1) paracone markedly enlarged.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FC922BE5FCF5" box="[145,1453,857,878]" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FC922EE1FCF5" box="[145,169,857,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0D6FC912EE1FCF5" bold="true" box="[145,169,858,878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">18</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FC922BE5FCF5" box="[190,1453,857,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">M1 occlusal outline: (0) notably shorter than wide; (1) length and width almost similar.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FCB92BE5FC1D" box="[145,1453,882,902]" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FCB92EE1FC1D" box="[145,169,882,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">19</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FCB92BE5FC1D" box="[190,1453,882,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">M2 metaconule: (0) present; (1) very weak or absent.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FC422BE5FC05" box="[145,1453,905,926]" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FC422EE1FC05" box="[145,169,905,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FC422BE5FC05" box="[190,1453,905,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Subangular lobe of mandible: (0) absent; (1) present, distally rounded; (2) present, distally angular.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FC692BE5FC2C" box="[145,1453,930,951]" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FC692EE1FC2C" box="[145,169,930,951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0D6FC682EE1FC2C" bold="true" box="[145,169,931,951]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">21</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FC692BE5FC2C" box="[190,1453,930,951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Subangular lobe of mandible: (0) absent; (1) situated below molars; (2) situated behind molars.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FC702BE5FC54" box="[145,1453,955,975]" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FC702EE1FC54" box="[145,169,955,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0D6FC702EE1FC54" bold="true" box="[145,169,955,975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">22</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FC702BE5FC54" box="[190,1453,955,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">The notch between subangular lobe and angular process: (0) wide; (1) narrow.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FC182BE5FC73" box="[145,1453,979,1000]" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FC182EE1FC73" box="[145,169,979,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0D6FC1F2EE1FC73" bold="true" box="[145,169,980,1000]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">23</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FC182BE5FC73" box="[190,1453,979,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Angle between ventral margin of body and distal margin of subangular lobe: (0) more than 140°; (1) less than 140°.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FC202BE5FC64" box="[145,1453,1003,1023]" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FC202EE1FC64" box="[145,169,1003,1023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">24</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FC202BE5FC64" box="[190,1453,1003,1023]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
p3, position of crown base vs that of p4: (0) approximately at the same level as p
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929161FFF3E3FBFC202DA8FC64" box="[956,992,1003,1023]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
lateral view; (1) crown base of p3 lies mostly
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FBCE2BE5FB82" box="[145,1453,1029,1049]" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FBCE2BE5FB82" box="[145,1453,1029,1049]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">below that of p4.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FBD62BE5FBAA" box="[145,1453,1053,1073]" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FBD62EE1FBAA" box="[145,169,1053,1073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">25</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FBD62BE5FBAA" box="[190,1453,1053,1073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">p3 posterior cusp: (0) present; (1) weak or absent.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FBFE2BE5FBD2" box="[145,1453,1077,1097]" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FBFE2EE1FBD2" box="[145,169,1077,1097]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">26</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FBFE2BE5FBD2" box="[190,1453,1077,1097]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929161FFF3E0F9FBFE2E9CFBD2" box="[190,212,1077,1097]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" unit="m" value="26.0">m</quantity>
|
||
1 entoconid: (0) poorly differentiated as low crest on lingual border of talonid; (1) discrete conical or crestlike cusp; (2) conical
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FB842BE5FBF8" box="[145,1453,1103,1123]" gridrow="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FB842BE5FBF8" box="[145,1453,1103,1123]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">cusp, enlarged, may be fused to the base of hypoconid to encounter talonid basin; (3) joined to hypoconid by cristids that form a</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FBA32BE5FBE7" box="[145,1453,1128,1148]" gridrow="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FBA32BE5FBE7" box="[145,1453,1128,1148]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">transverse crest; (4) reduced relative to hypoconid, but retains cristid; (5) greatly reduced and lacks cristid.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FB4A2BE5FB0E" box="[145,1453,1153,1173]" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FB4A2EE1FB0E" box="[145,169,1153,1173]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0D6FB4A2EE1FB0E" bold="true" box="[145,169,1153,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">27</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FB4A2BE5FB0E" box="[190,1453,1153,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929161FFF3E0F9FB4A2E9EFB0E" box="[190,214,1153,1173]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" unit="m" value="27.0">m</quantity>
|
||
1, length ratio over the width: (0) less than or equal to 2.5; (1) greater than 2.5.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FB522BE5FB36" box="[145,1453,1177,1197]" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FB522EE1FB36" box="[145,169,1177,1197]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">28</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FB522BE5FB36" box="[190,1453,1177,1197]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929161FFF3E0F9FB522E98FB36" box="[190,208,1177,1197]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" unit="m" value="28.0">m</quantity>
|
||
2 talonid length: (0) talonid <90% trigonid length; (1) talonid>90% trigonid length.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FB7A2BE5FB5E" box="[145,1453,1201,1221]" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FB7A2EE1FB5E" box="[145,169,1201,1221]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">29</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FB7A2BE5FB5E" box="[190,1453,1201,1221]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929161FFF3E0F9FB7A2E98FB5E" box="[190,208,1201,1221]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" unit="m" value="29.0">m</quantity>
|
||
2 talonid: (0) as wide as trigonid; (1) slightly narrowed; (2) strongly narrowed.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FB022BE5FB46" box="[145,1453,1225,1245]" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FB022EE1FB46" box="[145,169,1225,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">30</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FB022BE5FB46" box="[190,1453,1225,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929161FFF3E0F9FB022E98FB46" box="[190,208,1225,1245]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" unit="m" value="30.0">m</quantity>
|
||
2 entoconid: (0) not reduced; (1) reduced or absent.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FB2A2BE5FB6E" box="[145,1453,1249,1269]" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FB2A2EE1FB6E" box="[145,169,1249,1269]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">31</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FB2A2BE5FB6E" box="[190,1453,1249,1269]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929161FFF3E0F9FB2A2E98FB6E" box="[190,208,1249,1269]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" unit="m" value="31.0">m</quantity>
|
||
2 metaconid: (0) approximately equal in size and height to protoconid; (1) reduced in size and height relative to protoconid or
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FB302BE5FA94" box="[145,1453,1275,1295]" gridrow="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FB302BE5FA94" box="[145,1453,1275,1295]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">absent.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591610007E0D6FAD82BE5FABC" box="[145,1453,1299,1319]" gridrow="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0D6FAD82EE1FABC" box="[145,169,1299,1319]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">32</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991610007E0F9FAD82BE5FABC" box="[190,1453,1299,1319]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC66929161FFF3E0F9FAD82E98FABC" box="[190,208,1299,1319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" unit="m" value="32.0">m</quantity>
|
||
2 anterolabial cingulum: (0) absent or weak; (1) present and well-marked.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779161FFF3E0C3FABD2D4FFA75" blockId="11.[132,776,1397,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0C3FABD2F77FA14" box="[132,319,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
, they are almost equal in volume whereas the hypoconid is much more developed than the entoconid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E0E5FA7D2EBEFA54" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[162,246,1462,1487]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0E5FA7D2EBEFA54" box="[162,246,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E169FA7D2FD4FA54" box="[302,412,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
. The presence of a weak hypoconulid can be noted like in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E1E6FA1E2C13FA74" box="[417,603,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E2D6FA1E2D4FFA75" box="[657,775,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. sinensis.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779161FFF3E0DCFA3E2FECF876" blockId="11.[132,776,1397,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
The m2 is elongate, and its talonid is a little narrower than the trigonid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29161FFF3E151F9DF2F1DF9B4" box="[278,341,1556,1583]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,911,929]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[132,1455,214,868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene: A-C, right mandible MNHN.F.ACA549 in occlusal (A), labial (B) and lingual (C), views; D-F, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA294 in occlusal (D), labial (E) and lingual (F) views;G-I, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA295 in occlusal (G), labial (H) and lingual (I) views; J, K, left mandible fragment FSL-212806 in lingual (J) and labial (K) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695521/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E1CBF9DE2C0EF9B5" box="[396,582,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
the m2 is robust, almost rectangular in outline and more elongated. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E2F7F9FE2EBAF9F5" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E2F7F9FE2D4AF9D5" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[688,770,1589,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">N. tingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, N. sinensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E16FF99E2F82F9F5" box="[296,458,1620,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E16FF99E2F82F9F5" box="[296,458,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the talonid of m2 is reduced. This is also the case with the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E278F9BE2C84F915" box="[575,716,1652,1678]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E278F9BE2C84F915" box="[575,716,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and a right hemimandible from Layna (LC-3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869161FFF3E0C3F97F2F3BF955" author="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E." box="[132,371,1716,1742]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" pagination="83 - 115" refId="ref14401" refString="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E. 1976. - El canido de Layna: revision de los Nyctereutes fosiles. Trabajos Neogeno y Cuaternario 5: 83 - 115." type="journal article" year="1976">Soria & Aguirre 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 2, fig. 1), which have m2 with a narrow and reduced talonid, while on another right mandible from Layna (unnumbered;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869161FFF3E194F93F2C88F895" author="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E." box="[467,704,1780,1806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" pagination="83 - 115" refId="ref14401" refString="SORIA D. & AGUIRRE E. 1976. - El canido de Layna: revision de los Nyctereutes fosiles. Trabajos Neogeno y Cuaternario 5: 83 - 115." type="journal article" year="1976">Soria & Aguirre 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 2, fig. 2), the distal part of m2 is not reduced, and its shape is similar to that of the Çalta specimen. On the m2 of Çalta, the cusps are well developed, the metaconid is larger than the other cusps like in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E111F8BF2F8DF816" box="[342,453,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E1B8F8BF2CF2F816" box="[511,698,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
. There is a strong anterolabial cingulum as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E258F85F2C90F836" box="[543,728,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E0C3F87F2F5DF856" box="[132,277,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E0C3F87F2F5DF856" box="[132,277,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This cingulum is reduced or vestigial on the m2 of the Chinese species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779161FFF3E304FABE2D94F994" blockId="11.[813,1456,1397,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
The m3 is small and ovoid in outline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29161FFF3E490FABE2B5CFA14" box="[1239,1300,1397,1423]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,911,929]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[132,1455,214,868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta, central Turkey, early Pliocene: A-C, right mandible MNHN.F.ACA549 in occlusal (A), labial (B) and lingual (C), views; D-F, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA294 in occlusal (D), labial (E) and lingual (F) views;G-I, right mandible fragment MNHN.F.ACA295 in occlusal (G), labial (H) and lingual (I) views; J, K, left mandible fragment FSL-212806 in lingual (J) and labial (K) views. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695521/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). It has a welldeveloped protoconid and a weak metaconid. This tooth is different from m3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E455FA7D2A2DFA54" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[1042,1125,1462,1487]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E455FA7D2A2DFA54" box="[1042,1125,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having two cusps instead of one. In other species, the m3 has two or even three cusps of variable volume.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779161FFF4E304F9DF2C45FA94" blockId="11.[813,1456,1397,2029]" lastBlockId="12.[132,775,855,1615]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="673" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">
|
||
Regarding the size of teeth (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B6FECC9161FFF3E4C1F9DF2A92F9B4" box="[1158,1242,1556,1583]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[132,143,221,239]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of upper and lower teeth of Nyctereutes donnezani from Çalta." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B9BFF916DFFFFE0C3FF162F74FE9E" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" tableUuid="DF4B9BFF916DFFFFE0C3FF162F74FE9E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FD7F29161FFF3E4ACF9DF2B65F9B4" box="[1259,1325,1556,1583]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,958,976]" captionTargetBox="[592,1017,567,806]" captionTargetId="graphics@10.[589,1018,567,806]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Length/Width dispersal diagrams of three upper (P4, M1 and M2) and three lower (p4, m1 and m2) cheek teeth for specimens from Perpignan, Layna and Çalta referred to N. donnezani, and N. tingi from Yushe Basin, China. Measurements for specimens from Çalta and Perpignan are our measurements; those for Layna are taken from Soria & Aguirre (1976) and for N. tingi from Tedford & Qiu (1991)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695523/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), the Çalta raccoon dog displays intermediate values between the larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E36AF99E2DCBF9F5" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[813,899,1621,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E36AF99E2DCBF9F5" box="[813,899,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Yushe Basin in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3238BE79161FFF3E4D8F99F2AACF9F5" box="[1183,1252,1620,1646]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E55AF99E2BF8F9F5" box="[1309,1456,1620,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E55AF99E2BF8F9F5" box="[1309,1456,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and Layna in western Europe. Using size criteria, Bartolini Lucenti (2018) suggested excluding the Çalta raccoon dog from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E401F97E2A93F955" box="[1094,1243,1716,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E401F97E2A93F955" box="[1094,1243,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and referred it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E36AF91E2DEBF975" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[813,931,1749,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E36AF91E2DEBF975" box="[813,931,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. In detailed comparison, the p4 and m1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E36AF93E2DCBF895" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[813,899,1781,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E36AF93E2DCBF895" box="[813,899,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are larger than all specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E50BF93E2D2CF8B6" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E50BF93E2D2CF8B6" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including Çalta, while this is not obvious for the upper cheek teeth and the m3. The m3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E4F2F8FF2B42F8D6" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[1205,1290,1844,1869]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E4F2F8FF2B42F8D6" box="[1205,1290,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than that of Çalta, Perpignan and Layna. The upper cheek teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E30FF8BF2DD2F816" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[840,922,1908,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E30FF8BF2DD2F816" box="[840,922,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are poorly documented, with only two specimens for each, one small, similar in size to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E551F85F2BE1F836" box="[1302,1449,1939,1965]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E551F85F2BE1F836" box="[1302,1449,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the other is larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49161FFF3E4A0F87F2B34F856" box="[1255,1404,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="672" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659161FFF3E4A0F87F2B34F856" box="[1255,1404,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="672">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Çalta. The dimensions of P4, M1, M2 and m2 from Çalta are greater than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E1D4FC932C6DFCEA" box="[403,549,855,881]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E1D4FC932C6DFCEA" box="[403,549,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and Layna, while the p4 and m1 are similar in size to the ones from these localities. In summary, the size of the cheek teeth from Çalta are intermediate between the smaller teeth from Perpignan and Layna (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E183FC1C2C10FC6B" box="[452,600,982,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E183FC1C2C10FC6B" box="[452,600,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the larger teeth from the Yushe Basin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E1F1FC3C2C42FB8B" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[438,522,1015,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E1F1FC3C2C42FB8B" box="[438,522,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Regarding the lack of obvious size differences, one can wonder what is the effect of sexual dimorphism on the dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E215FBFC2C80FBCB" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[594,712,1079,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E215FBFC2C80FBCB" box="[594,712,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5B6869166FFF4E291FBFD2F19FBEA" author="KIM S. I. & SUZUKI S. & OH J. & KOYABU D. & OSHIDA T. & LEE H. & MIN M. S. & KIMURA J." pageId="12" pageNumber="673" pagination="1609 - 1616" refId="ref13446" refString="KIM S. I., SUZUKI S., OH J., KOYABU D., OSHIDA T., LEE H., MIN M. S. & KIMURA J. 2012. - Sexual dimorphism of craniodental morphology in the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides from South Korea. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 74 (12): 1609 - 1616. https: // doi. org / 10.1292 / jvms. 12 - 0281" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Kim
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C3FB9C2EF1FBEB" box="[132,185,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012: 1614)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E19BFB9C2CC9FBEB" box="[476,641,1110,1136]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E19BFB9C2CC9FBEB" box="[476,641,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that “sexual difference is more apparent from data relating to the skull than that relating to the teeth”. Taking into consideration these results, the size of the cheek teeth alone seems not useful for species differentiation given the lack of statistically significant samples for each species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B9BFF9166FFF4E0C3FF162C6CFE9D" ID-Table-UUID="DF4B9BFF9166FFF4E0C3FF162C6CFE9D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B9BFF9166FFF4E0C3FF162C6CFE9D" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" targetBox="[134,1455,320,774]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779166FFF4E0C3FF162C6CFE9D" blockId="12.[132,1455,221,262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
TABLE 4. — The matrix of characters and character states of Table 3 used in the present cladistic analysis. It concerns 14 occurrences of nine species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E5C0FF162E8FFE9D" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E5C0FF162E8FFE9D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two outgroup taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E1C8FF3F2F8EFE9D" box="[399,454,244,262]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E1C8FF3F2F8EFE9D" box="[399,454,244,262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">Vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E1B7FF382C57FE9E" box="[496,543,243,261]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E1B7FF382C57FE9E" box="[496,543,243,261]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">Canis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779166FFF4E0C1FE8B2BEDFC9D" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<table id="F93439D791660007E0C1FE8B2BE7FC9D" box="[134,1455,320,774]" gridcols="33" gridrows="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FE8B2BE7FECF" box="[134,1455,320,340]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FE8B2FD4FECF" box="[134,412,320,340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FE8B2F65FECF" bold="true" box="[134,301,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">Characters/Taxa</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFE8B2FF5FECF" box="[424,445,320,340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E1EFFE8B2FFCFECF" bold="true" box="[424,436,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E18FFE8B2F95FECF" box="[456,477,320,340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E18FFE8B2F9CFECF" bold="true" box="[456,468,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFE8B2FB6FECF" box="[489,510,320,340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E1AEFE8B2FBDFECF" bold="true" box="[489,501,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E24DFE8B2C57FECF" box="[522,543,320,340]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E24DFE8B2C5EFECF" bold="true" box="[522,534,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E26DFE8B2C7EFECF" box="[554,566,320,340]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E26DFE8B2C7EFECF" bold="true" box="[554,566,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">5</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E206FE8B2C28FECF" box="[577,608,320,340]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E20CFE8B2C1FFECF" bold="true" box="[587,599,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">6</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E22CFE8B2C3FFECF" box="[619,631,320,340]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E22CFE8B2C3FFECF" bold="true" box="[619,631,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">7</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFE8B2CD0FECF" box="[652,664,320,340]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E2CBFE8B2CD0FECF" bold="true" box="[652,664,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">8</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FE8B2CF0FECF" box="[675,696,320,340]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E2EBFE8B2CF0FECF" bold="true" box="[684,696,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">9</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E280FE8B2C97FECF" box="[711,735,320,340]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E280FE8B2C97FECF" bold="true" box="[711,735,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">10</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFE8B2D48FECF" box="[744,768,320,340]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E2AFFE8B2D48FECF" bold="true" box="[744,768,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">11</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E34FFE8B2D8BFECF" box="[776,963,320,340]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="12" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E34FFE8B2D8BFECF" bold="true" box="[776,963,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">12 13 14 15 16 17</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E38BFE8B2DACFECF" box="[972,996,320,340]" gridcol="18" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E38BFE8B2DACFECF" bold="true" box="[972,996,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">18</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFE8B2A4CFECF" box="[1004,1028,320,340]" gridcol="19" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E3ABFE8B2A4CFECF" bold="true" box="[1004,1028,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">19</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E44AFE8B2A6DFECF" box="[1037,1061,320,340]" gridcol="20" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E44AFE8B2A6DFECF" bold="true" box="[1037,1061,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">20</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E46AFE8B2A0DFECF" box="[1069,1093,320,340]" gridcol="21" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E46AFE8B2A0DFECF" bold="true" box="[1069,1093,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">21</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E409FE8B2A2EFECF" box="[1102,1126,320,340]" gridcol="22" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E409FE8B2A2EFECF" bold="true" box="[1102,1126,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">22</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E428FE8B2ACFFECF" box="[1135,1159,320,340]" gridcol="23" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E428FE8B2ACFFECF" bold="true" box="[1135,1159,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">23</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FE8B2A80FECF" box="[1167,1224,320,340]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="24" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E4C8FE8B2A80FECF" bold="true" box="[1167,1224,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">24 25</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E497FE8B2AA0FECF" box="[1232,1256,320,340]" gridcol="26" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E497FE8B2AA0FECF" bold="true" box="[1232,1256,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">26</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FE8B2B41FECF" box="[1265,1289,320,340]" gridcol="27" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E4B6FE8B2B41FECF" bold="true" box="[1265,1289,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">27</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E556FE8B2B23FECF" box="[1297,1387,320,340]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="28" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E556FE8B2B23FECF" bold="true" box="[1297,1387,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">28 29 30</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E534FE8B2BE7FECF" box="[1395,1455,320,340]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="31" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E534FE8B2BE4FECF" bold="true" box="[1395,1452,320,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">31 32</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FEA82BE7FEEC" box="[134,1455,355,375]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FEA82FD4FEEC" box="[134,412,355,375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0C1FEA82F6AFEEC" box="[134,290,355,375]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="procyonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FEA82F6AFEEC" box="[134,290,355,375]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. procyonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Extant
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFEA82FF5FEEC" box="[424,445,355,375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFEA82F95FEEC" box="[456,477,355,375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFEA82C57FEEC" box="[489,543,355,375]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFEA82C7EFEEC" box="[554,566,355,375]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FEA82C28FEEC" box="[577,608,355,375]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFEA82C3FFEEC" box="[619,631,355,375]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFEA82CD0FEEC" box="[652,664,355,375]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FEA82CF0FEEC" box="[675,696,355,375]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FEA82C97FEEC" box="[711,735,355,375]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFEA82D48FEEC" box="[744,768,355,375]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFEA82D52FEEC" box="[776,794,355,375]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FEA82D0CFEEC" box="[805,836,355,375]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FEA82D13FEEC" box="[848,859,355,375]" gridcol="14" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FEA82DEDFEEC" box="[880,933,355,375]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="15" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FEA82D8BFEEC" box="[945,963,355,375]" gridcol="17" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFEA82DACFEEC" box="[972,996,355,375]" gridcol="18" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFEA82A4CFEEC" box="[1004,1028,355,375]" gridcol="19" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFEA82A6DFEEC" box="[1037,1061,355,375]" gridcol="20" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFEA82A0DFEEC" box="[1069,1093,355,375]" gridcol="21" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FEA82A2EFEEC" box="[1102,1126,355,375]" gridcol="22" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FEA82ACFFEEC" box="[1135,1159,355,375]" gridcol="23" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FEA82AE8FEEC" box="[1167,1184,355,375]" gridcol="24" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FEA82A80FEEC" box="[1206,1224,355,375]" gridcol="25" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FEA82AA0FEEC" box="[1232,1256,355,375]" gridcol="26" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FEA82B41FEEC" box="[1265,1289,355,375]" gridcol="27" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FEA82B6BFEEC" box="[1297,1315,355,375]" gridcol="28" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FEA82B05FEEC" box="[1326,1357,355,375]" gridcol="29" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1&2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFEA82B23FEEC" box="[1369,1387,355,375]" gridcol="30" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FEA82BCCFEEC" box="[1395,1412,355,375]" gridcol="31" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFEA82BE7FEEC" box="[1434,1455,355,375]" gridcol="32" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FEB02BE7FE14" box="[134,1455,379,399]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FEB02FD4FE14" box="[134,412,379,399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FEB02F4AFE14" box="[134,258,379,399]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. abdeslami</emphasis>
|
||
– Morocco
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFEB02FF5FE14" box="[424,445,379,399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFEB02F95FE14" box="[456,477,379,399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFEB02FB6FE14" box="[489,510,379,399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFEB02C57FE14" box="[522,543,379,399]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFEB02C7EFE14" box="[554,566,379,399]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FEB02C28FE14" box="[577,608,379,399]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFEB02C3FFE14" box="[619,631,379,399]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFEB02CD0FE14" box="[652,664,379,399]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FEB02CF0FE14" box="[675,696,379,399]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FEB02C97FE14" box="[711,735,379,399]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFEB02D48FE14" box="[744,768,379,399]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFEB02D52FE14" box="[776,794,379,399]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FEB02D0CFE14" box="[805,836,379,399]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FEB02D13FE14" box="[848,859,379,399]" gridcol="14" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FEB02D33FE14" box="[880,891,379,399]" gridcol="15" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FEB02DEDFE14" box="[913,933,379,399]" gridcol="16" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FEB02D8BFE14" box="[945,963,379,399]" gridcol="17" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFEB02DACFE14" box="[972,996,379,399]" gridcol="18" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFEB02A4CFE14" box="[1004,1028,379,399]" gridcol="19" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFEB02A6DFE14" box="[1037,1061,379,399]" gridcol="20" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFEB02A0DFE14" box="[1069,1093,379,399]" gridcol="21" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FEB02A2EFE14" box="[1102,1126,379,399]" gridcol="22" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FEB02ACFFE14" box="[1135,1159,379,399]" gridcol="23" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FEB02AE8FE14" box="[1167,1184,379,399]" gridcol="24" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FEB02A80FE14" box="[1206,1224,379,399]" gridcol="25" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FEB02AA0FE14" box="[1232,1256,379,399]" gridcol="26" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FEB02B41FE14" box="[1265,1289,379,399]" gridcol="27" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FEB02B6BFE14" box="[1297,1315,379,399]" gridcol="28" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FEB02B05FE14" box="[1326,1357,379,399]" gridcol="29" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFEB02B23FE14" box="[1369,1387,379,399]" gridcol="30" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FEB02BCCFE14" box="[1395,1412,379,399]" gridcol="31" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFEB02BE7FE14" box="[1434,1455,379,399]" gridcol="32" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FE582BE7FE33" box="[134,1455,403,424]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FE582FD4FE33" box="[134,412,403,424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0C1FE582F4AFE3C" box="[134,258,403,423]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FE582F4AFE3C" box="[134,258,403,423]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Perpignan
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFE582FF5FE33" box="[424,445,403,424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFE582F95FE33" box="[456,477,403,424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFE582FB6FE33" box="[489,510,403,424]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFE582C57FE33" box="[522,543,403,424]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFE582C7EFE33" box="[554,566,403,424]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FE582C28FE33" box="[577,608,403,424]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFE582C3FFE33" box="[619,631,403,424]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFE582CD0FE33" box="[652,664,403,424]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FE582CF0FE33" box="[675,696,403,424]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FE582C97FE33" box="[711,735,403,424]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFE582D48FE33" box="[744,768,403,424]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFE582D52FE33" box="[776,794,403,424]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FE582D0CFE33" box="[805,836,403,424]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FE582D13FE33" box="[848,859,403,424]" gridcol="14" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FE582DEDFE33" box="[880,933,403,424]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="15" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FE582D8BFE33" box="[945,963,403,424]" gridcol="17" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFE582DACFE33" box="[972,996,403,424]" gridcol="18" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFE582A4CFE33" box="[1004,1028,403,424]" gridcol="19" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFE582A6DFE33" box="[1037,1061,403,424]" gridcol="20" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFE582A0DFE33" box="[1069,1093,403,424]" gridcol="21" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FE582A2EFE33" box="[1102,1126,403,424]" gridcol="22" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FE582ACFFE33" box="[1135,1159,403,424]" gridcol="23" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FE582AE8FE33" box="[1167,1184,403,424]" gridcol="24" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FE582A80FE33" box="[1206,1224,403,424]" gridcol="25" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FE582AA0FE33" box="[1232,1256,403,424]" gridcol="26" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FE582B41FE33" box="[1265,1289,403,424]" gridcol="27" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FE582B6BFE33" box="[1297,1315,403,424]" gridcol="28" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FE582B05FE33" box="[1326,1357,403,424]" gridcol="29" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFE582B23FE33" box="[1369,1387,403,424]" gridcol="30" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FE582BCCFE33" box="[1395,1412,403,424]" gridcol="31" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFE582BE7FE33" box="[1434,1455,403,424]" gridcol="32" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FE672BE7FE5B" box="[134,1455,428,448]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FE672FD4FE5B" box="[134,412,428,448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0C1FE672F4AFE5B" box="[134,258,428,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FE672F4AFE5B" box="[134,258,428,448]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Layna
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFE672FF5FE5B" box="[424,445,428,448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFE672F95FE5B" box="[456,477,428,448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFE672FB6FE5B" box="[489,510,428,448]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFE672C57FE5B" box="[522,543,428,448]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFE672C7EFE5B" box="[554,566,428,448]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FE672C28FE5B" box="[577,608,428,448]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFE672C3FFE5B" box="[619,631,428,448]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFE672CD0FE5B" box="[652,664,428,448]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FE672CF0FE5B" box="[675,696,428,448]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FE672C97FE5B" box="[711,735,428,448]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFE672D48FE5B" box="[744,768,428,448]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFE672D52FE5B" box="[776,794,428,448]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FE672D0CFE5B" box="[805,836,428,448]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FE672D13FE5B" box="[848,859,428,448]" gridcol="14" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FE672D33FE5B" box="[880,891,428,448]" gridcol="15" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FE672DEDFE5B" box="[913,933,428,448]" gridcol="16" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FE672D8BFE5B" box="[945,963,428,448]" gridcol="17" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFE672DACFE5B" box="[972,996,428,448]" gridcol="18" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFE672A0DFE5B" box="[1004,1093,428,448]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="19" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FE672A2EFE5B" box="[1102,1126,428,448]" gridcol="22" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FE672ACFFE5B" box="[1135,1159,428,448]" gridcol="23" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FE672AE8FE5B" box="[1167,1184,428,448]" gridcol="24" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FE672A80FE5B" box="[1206,1224,428,448]" gridcol="25" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FE672AA0FE5B" box="[1232,1256,428,448]" gridcol="26" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FE672B41FE5B" box="[1265,1289,428,448]" gridcol="27" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FE672B6BFE5B" box="[1297,1315,428,448]" gridcol="28" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FE672B05FE5B" box="[1326,1357,428,448]" gridcol="29" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFE672B23FE5B" box="[1369,1387,428,448]" gridcol="30" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FE672BCCFE5B" box="[1395,1412,428,448]" gridcol="31" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFE672BE7FE5B" box="[1434,1455,428,448]" gridcol="32" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FE0F2BE7FE43" box="[134,1455,452,472]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FE0F2FD4FE43" box="[134,412,452,472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0C1FE0F2F4AFE43" box="[134,258,452,472]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FE0F2F4AFE43" box="[134,258,452,472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Çalta
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFE0F2FF5FE43" box="[424,445,452,472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFE0F2F95FE43" box="[456,477,452,472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFE0F2FB6FE43" box="[489,510,452,472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFE0F2C57FE43" box="[522,543,452,472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFE0F2C7EFE43" box="[554,566,452,472]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FE0F2C28FE43" box="[577,608,452,472]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFE0F2C3FFE43" box="[619,631,452,472]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFE0F2CD0FE43" box="[652,664,452,472]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FE0F2CF0FE43" box="[675,696,452,472]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FE0F2C97FE43" box="[711,735,452,472]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFE0F2D48FE43" box="[744,768,452,472]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFE0F2D52FE43" box="[776,794,452,472]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FE0F2D0CFE43" box="[805,836,452,472]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FE0F2D13FE43" box="[848,859,452,472]" gridcol="14" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FE0F2D33FE43" box="[880,891,452,472]" gridcol="15" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FE0F2DEDFE43" box="[913,933,452,472]" gridcol="16" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FE0F2D8BFE43" box="[945,963,452,472]" gridcol="17" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFE0F2DACFE43" box="[972,996,452,472]" gridcol="18" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFE0F2A4CFE43" box="[1004,1028,452,472]" gridcol="19" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFE0F2A6DFE43" box="[1037,1061,452,472]" gridcol="20" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFE0F2A0DFE43" box="[1069,1093,452,472]" gridcol="21" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FE0F2A2EFE43" box="[1102,1126,452,472]" gridcol="22" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FE0F2ACFFE43" box="[1135,1159,452,472]" gridcol="23" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FE0F2AE8FE43" box="[1167,1184,452,472]" gridcol="24" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FE0F2A80FE43" box="[1206,1224,452,472]" gridcol="25" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FE0F2AA0FE43" box="[1232,1256,452,472]" gridcol="26" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FE0F2B41FE43" box="[1265,1289,452,472]" gridcol="27" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FE0F2B6BFE43" box="[1297,1315,452,472]" gridcol="28" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FE0F2B05FE43" box="[1326,1357,452,472]" gridcol="29" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFE0F2B23FE43" box="[1369,1387,452,472]" gridcol="30" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FE0F2BCCFE43" box="[1395,1412,452,472]" gridcol="31" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFE0F2BE7FE43" box="[1434,1455,452,472]" gridcol="32" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FE172BE7FE6B" box="[134,1455,476,496]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FE172FD4FE6B" box="[134,412,476,496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0C1FE172F4AFE6B" authorityName="Geraads, Alemseged, Bobe & Reed" authorityYear="2010" box="[134,258,476,496]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lockwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FE172F4AFE6B" box="[134,258,476,496]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. lockwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Ethiopia
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFE172FF5FE6B" box="[424,445,476,496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFE172F95FE6B" box="[456,477,476,496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFE172FB6FE6B" box="[489,510,476,496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFE172C57FE6B" box="[522,543,476,496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFE172C7EFE6B" box="[554,566,476,496]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FE172C28FE6B" box="[577,608,476,496]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFE172C3FFE6B" box="[619,631,476,496]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFE172CD0FE6B" box="[652,664,476,496]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FE172CF0FE6B" box="[675,696,476,496]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FE172C97FE6B" box="[711,735,476,496]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFE172D48FE6B" box="[744,768,476,496]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFE172D52FE6B" box="[776,794,476,496]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FE172D0CFE6B" box="[805,836,476,496]" gridcol="13" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FE172D13FE6B" box="[848,859,476,496]" gridcol="14" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FE172D33FE6B" box="[880,891,476,496]" gridcol="15" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FE172DEDFE6B" box="[913,933,476,496]" gridcol="16" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FE172D8BFE6B" box="[945,963,476,496]" gridcol="17" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFE172DACFE6B" box="[972,996,476,496]" gridcol="18" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFE172A4CFE6B" box="[1004,1028,476,496]" gridcol="19" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFE172A6DFE6B" box="[1037,1061,476,496]" gridcol="20" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFE172A0DFE6B" box="[1069,1093,476,496]" gridcol="21" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FE172A2EFE6B" box="[1102,1126,476,496]" gridcol="22" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FE172ACFFE6B" box="[1135,1159,476,496]" gridcol="23" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FE172AE8FE6B" box="[1167,1184,476,496]" gridcol="24" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FE172A80FE6B" box="[1206,1224,476,496]" gridcol="25" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FE172AA0FE6B" box="[1232,1256,476,496]" gridcol="26" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FE172B41FE6B" box="[1265,1289,476,496]" gridcol="27" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FE172B6BFE6B" box="[1297,1315,476,496]" gridcol="28" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FE172B05FE6B" box="[1326,1357,476,496]" gridcol="29" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFE172B23FE6B" box="[1369,1387,476,496]" gridcol="30" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FE172BCCFE6B" box="[1395,1412,476,496]" gridcol="31" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFE172BE7FE6B" box="[1434,1455,476,496]" gridcol="32" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FE382BE7FD93" box="[134,1455,499,520]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FE382FD4FD93" box="[134,412,499,520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FE3F2F01FD93" box="[134,329,500,520]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. megamastoides –</emphasis>
|
||
Perrier
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFE382FF5FD93" box="[424,445,499,520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFE382F95FD93" box="[456,477,499,520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFE382FB6FD93" box="[489,510,499,520]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFE382C57FD93" box="[522,543,499,520]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFE382C7EFD93" box="[554,566,499,520]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FE382C28FD93" box="[577,608,499,520]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFE382C3FFD93" box="[619,631,499,520]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFE382CD0FD93" box="[652,664,499,520]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FE382CF0FD93" box="[675,696,499,520]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FE382C97FD93" box="[711,735,499,520]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFE382D48FD93" box="[744,768,499,520]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFE382D52FD93" box="[776,794,499,520]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FE382D0CFD93" box="[805,836,499,520]" gridcol="13" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FE382D13FD93" box="[848,859,499,520]" gridcol="14" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FE382D33FD93" box="[880,891,499,520]" gridcol="15" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FE382DEDFD93" box="[913,933,499,520]" gridcol="16" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FE382D8BFD93" box="[945,963,499,520]" gridcol="17" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFE382DACFD93" box="[972,996,499,520]" gridcol="18" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFE382A4CFD93" box="[1004,1028,499,520]" gridcol="19" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFE382A6DFD93" box="[1037,1061,499,520]" gridcol="20" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFE382A0DFD93" box="[1069,1093,499,520]" gridcol="21" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FE382A2EFD93" box="[1102,1126,499,520]" gridcol="22" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FE382ACFFD93" box="[1135,1159,499,520]" gridcol="23" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FE382AE8FD93" box="[1167,1184,499,520]" gridcol="24" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FE382A80FD93" box="[1206,1224,499,520]" gridcol="25" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FE382AA0FD93" box="[1232,1256,499,520]" gridcol="26" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FE382B41FD93" box="[1265,1289,499,520]" gridcol="27" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FE382B6BFD93" box="[1297,1315,499,520]" gridcol="28" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FE382B05FD93" box="[1326,1357,499,520]" gridcol="29" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFE382B23FD93" box="[1369,1387,499,520]" gridcol="30" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FE382BCCFD93" box="[1395,1412,499,520]" gridcol="31" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFE382BE7FD93" box="[1434,1455,499,520]" gridcol="32" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FDC72BE7FDBA" box="[134,1455,524,545]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FDC72FF5FDBA" box="[134,445,524,545]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FDC72F70FDBB" box="[134,312,524,544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
– Dafnero 0&1
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFDC72F95FDBA" box="[456,477,524,545]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFDC72FB6FDBA" box="[489,510,524,545]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFDC72C57FDBA" box="[522,543,524,545]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFDC72C7EFDBA" box="[554,566,524,545]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FDC72C28FDBA" box="[577,608,524,545]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFDC72C3FFDBA" box="[619,631,524,545]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFDC72CD0FDBA" box="[652,664,524,545]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FDC72CF0FDBA" box="[675,696,524,545]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FDC72C97FDBA" box="[711,735,524,545]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFDC72D48FDBA" box="[744,768,524,545]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFDC72D52FDBA" box="[776,794,524,545]" gridcol="12" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FDC72D0CFDBA" box="[805,836,524,545]" gridcol="13" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FDC72D13FDBA" box="[848,859,524,545]" gridcol="14" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FDC72D33FDBA" box="[880,891,524,545]" gridcol="15" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FDC72DEDFDBA" box="[913,933,524,545]" gridcol="16" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FDC72A4CFDBA" box="[945,1028,524,545]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="17" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFDC72A6DFDBA" box="[1037,1061,524,545]" gridcol="20" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFDC72A0DFDBA" box="[1069,1093,524,545]" gridcol="21" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FDC72A2EFDBA" box="[1102,1126,524,545]" gridcol="22" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FDC72ACFFDBA" box="[1135,1159,524,545]" gridcol="23" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FDC72AE8FDBA" box="[1167,1184,524,545]" gridcol="24" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FDC72A80FDBA" box="[1206,1224,524,545]" gridcol="25" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FDC72AA0FDBA" box="[1232,1256,524,545]" gridcol="26" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FDC72B41FDBA" box="[1265,1289,524,545]" gridcol="27" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FDC72B6BFDBA" box="[1297,1315,524,545]" gridcol="28" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FDC72B05FDBA" box="[1326,1357,524,545]" gridcol="29" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFDC72B23FDBA" box="[1369,1387,524,545]" gridcol="30" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FDC72BCCFDBA" box="[1395,1412,524,545]" gridcol="31" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFDC72BE7FDBA" box="[1434,1455,524,545]" gridcol="32" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FDEE2BE7FDA2" box="[134,1455,549,569]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FDEE2FD4FDA2" box="[134,412,549,569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FDEE2F70FDA2" box="[134,312,549,569]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. megamastoides</emphasis>
|
||
– Kvabebi
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFDEE2FF5FDA2" box="[424,445,549,569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFDEE2F95FDA2" box="[456,477,549,569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFDEE2FB6FDA2" box="[489,510,549,569]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFDEE2C57FDA2" box="[522,543,549,569]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFDEE2C7EFDA2" box="[554,566,549,569]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FDEE2C28FDA2" box="[577,608,549,569]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFDEE2C3FFDA2" box="[619,631,549,569]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFDEE2CD0FDA2" box="[652,664,549,569]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FDEE2CF0FDA2" box="[675,696,549,569]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FDEE2C97FDA2" box="[711,735,549,569]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFDEE2D48FDA2" box="[744,768,549,569]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFDEE2D52FDA2" box="[776,794,549,569]" gridcol="12" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FDEE2D0CFDA2" box="[805,836,549,569]" gridcol="13" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FDEE2D13FDA2" box="[848,859,549,569]" gridcol="14" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FDEE2D33FDA2" box="[880,891,549,569]" gridcol="15" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FDEE2DEDFDA2" box="[913,933,549,569]" gridcol="16" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FDEE2D8BFDA2" box="[945,963,549,569]" gridcol="17" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFDEE2DACFDA2" box="[972,996,549,569]" gridcol="18" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFDEE2A4CFDA2" box="[1004,1028,549,569]" gridcol="19" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFDEE2A2EFDA2" box="[1037,1126,549,569]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="20" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">? 1&2?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FDEE2ACFFDA2" box="[1135,1159,549,569]" gridcol="23" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FDEE2AE8FDA2" box="[1167,1184,549,569]" gridcol="24" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FDEE2A80FDA2" box="[1206,1224,549,569]" gridcol="25" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FDEE2AA0FDA2" box="[1232,1256,549,569]" gridcol="26" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FDEE2B41FDA2" box="[1265,1289,549,569]" gridcol="27" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FDEE2B6BFDA2" box="[1297,1315,549,569]" gridcol="28" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FDEE2B05FDA2" box="[1326,1357,549,569]" gridcol="29" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFDEE2B23FDA2" box="[1369,1387,549,569]" gridcol="30" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FDEE2BCCFDA2" box="[1395,1412,549,569]" gridcol="31" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFDEE2BE7FDA2" box="[1434,1455,549,569]" gridcol="32" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FDF62BE7FDCA" box="[134,1455,573,593]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FDF62FD4FDCA" box="[134,412,573,593]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FDF62F45FDCA" box="[134,269,573,593]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. m. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
– St Vallier
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFDF62FF5FDCA" box="[424,445,573,593]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFDF62F95FDCA" box="[456,477,573,593]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFDF62FB6FDCA" box="[489,510,573,593]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFDF62C57FDCA" box="[522,543,573,593]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFDF62C7EFDCA" box="[554,566,573,593]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FDF62C28FDCA" box="[577,608,573,593]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFDF62C3FFDCA" box="[619,631,573,593]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFDF62CD0FDCA" box="[652,664,573,593]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FDF62CF0FDCA" box="[675,696,573,593]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FDF62C97FDCA" box="[711,735,573,593]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFDF62D48FDCA" box="[744,768,573,593]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFDF62D52FDCA" box="[776,794,573,593]" gridcol="12" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FDF62D0CFDCA" box="[805,836,573,593]" gridcol="13" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FDF62D13FDCA" box="[848,859,573,593]" gridcol="14" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FDF62DEDFDCA" box="[880,933,573,593]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="15" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FDF62D8BFDCA" box="[945,963,573,593]" gridcol="17" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFDF62DACFDCA" box="[972,996,573,593]" gridcol="18" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFDF62A4CFDCA" box="[1004,1028,573,593]" gridcol="19" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFDF62A6DFDCA" box="[1037,1061,573,593]" gridcol="20" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFDF62A0DFDCA" box="[1069,1093,573,593]" gridcol="21" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FDF62A2EFDCA" box="[1102,1126,573,593]" gridcol="22" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FDF62ACFFDCA" box="[1135,1159,573,593]" gridcol="23" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FDF62AE8FDCA" box="[1167,1184,573,593]" gridcol="24" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FDF62A80FDCA" box="[1206,1224,573,593]" gridcol="25" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FDF62AA0FDCA" box="[1232,1256,573,593]" gridcol="26" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FDF62B41FDCA" box="[1265,1289,573,593]" gridcol="27" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FDF62B6BFDCA" box="[1297,1315,573,593]" gridcol="28" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FDF62B05FDCA" box="[1326,1357,573,593]" gridcol="29" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1&2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFDF62B23FDCA" box="[1369,1387,573,593]" gridcol="30" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FDF62BCCFDCA" box="[1395,1412,573,593]" gridcol="31" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFDF62BE7FDCA" box="[1434,1455,573,593]" gridcol="32" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FD9E2BE7FDF2" box="[134,1455,597,617]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FD9E2FD4FDF2" box="[134,412,597,617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FD9E2EA4FDF2" box="[134,236,597,617]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
– Nihowan
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFD9E2FF5FDF2" box="[424,445,597,617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFD9E2FB6FDF2" box="[456,510,597,617]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1 1&2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFD9E2C57FDF2" box="[522,543,597,617]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFD9E2C7EFDF2" box="[554,566,597,617]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FD9E2C28FDF2" box="[577,608,597,617]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFD9E2C3FFDF2" box="[619,631,597,617]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFD9E2CD0FDF2" box="[652,664,597,617]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FD9E2C97FDF2" box="[675,735,597,617]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0&1?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFD9E2D48FDF2" box="[744,768,597,617]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFD9E2D52FDF2" box="[776,794,597,617]" gridcol="12" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FD9E2D0CFDF2" box="[805,836,597,617]" gridcol="13" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FD9E2DEDFDF2" box="[848,933,597,617]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="14" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1 0&1 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FD9E2D8BFDF2" box="[945,963,597,617]" gridcol="17" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFD9E2DACFDF2" box="[972,996,597,617]" gridcol="18" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFD9E2A4CFDF2" box="[1004,1028,597,617]" gridcol="19" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFD9E2A6DFDF2" box="[1037,1061,597,617]" gridcol="20" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFD9E2A0DFDF2" box="[1069,1093,597,617]" gridcol="21" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FD9E2A2EFDF2" box="[1102,1126,597,617]" gridcol="22" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FD9E2ACFFDF2" box="[1135,1159,597,617]" gridcol="23" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FD9E2AE8FDF2" box="[1167,1184,597,617]" gridcol="24" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FD9E2A80FDF2" box="[1206,1224,597,617]" gridcol="25" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FD9E2AA0FDF2" box="[1232,1256,597,617]" gridcol="26" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FD9E2B41FDF2" box="[1265,1289,597,617]" gridcol="27" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FD9E2B6BFDF2" box="[1297,1315,597,617]" gridcol="28" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FD9E2B05FDF2" box="[1326,1357,597,617]" gridcol="29" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1&2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFD9E2B23FDF2" box="[1369,1387,597,617]" gridcol="30" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FD9E2BCCFDF2" box="[1395,1412,597,617]" gridcol="31" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFD9E2BE7FDF2" box="[1434,1455,597,617]" gridcol="32" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FDA62BE7FD1A" box="[134,1455,621,641]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FDA62FD4FD1A" box="[134,412,621,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FDA62EA4FD1A" box="[134,236,621,641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
– Yushe
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFDA62FF5FD1A" box="[424,445,621,641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFDA62F95FD1A" box="[456,477,621,641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFDA62FB6FD1A" box="[489,510,621,641]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFDA62C57FD1A" box="[522,543,621,641]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFDA62C7EFD1A" box="[554,566,621,641]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FDA62C28FD1A" box="[577,608,621,641]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFDA62C3FFD1A" box="[619,631,621,641]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFDA62CD0FD1A" box="[652,664,621,641]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FDA62CF0FD1A" box="[675,696,621,641]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FDA62C97FD1A" box="[711,735,621,641]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFDA62D48FD1A" box="[744,768,621,641]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFDA62D52FD1A" box="[776,794,621,641]" gridcol="12" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FDA62D0CFD1A" box="[805,836,621,641]" gridcol="13" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FDA62DEDFD1A" box="[848,933,621,641]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="14" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FDA62D8BFD1A" box="[945,963,621,641]" gridcol="17" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFDA62DACFD1A" box="[972,996,621,641]" gridcol="18" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFDA62A4CFD1A" box="[1004,1028,621,641]" gridcol="19" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFDA62A6DFD1A" box="[1037,1061,621,641]" gridcol="20" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFDA62A0DFD1A" box="[1069,1093,621,641]" gridcol="21" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FDA62A2EFD1A" box="[1102,1126,621,641]" gridcol="22" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FDA62ACFFD1A" box="[1135,1159,621,641]" gridcol="23" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FDA62AE8FD1A" box="[1167,1184,621,641]" gridcol="24" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FDA62A80FD1A" box="[1206,1224,621,641]" gridcol="25" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FDA62AA0FD1A" box="[1232,1256,621,641]" gridcol="26" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FDA62B41FD1A" box="[1265,1289,621,641]" gridcol="27" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FDA62B6BFD1A" box="[1297,1315,621,641]" gridcol="28" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FDA62B05FD1A" box="[1326,1357,621,641]" gridcol="29" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1&2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFDA62B23FD1A" box="[1369,1387,621,641]" gridcol="30" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FDA62BCCFD1A" box="[1395,1412,621,641]" gridcol="31" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFDA62BE7FD1A" box="[1434,1455,621,641]" gridcol="32" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FD4E2BE7FD01" box="[134,1455,645,666]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FD4E2FD4FD01" box="[134,412,645,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0C1FD4E2E81FD02" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[134,201,645,665]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FD4E2E81FD02" box="[134,201,645,665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Megalo Emvolon
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFD4E2FF5FD01" box="[424,445,645,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFD4E2F95FD01" box="[456,477,645,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFD4E2FB6FD01" box="[489,510,645,666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFD4E2C57FD01" box="[522,543,645,666]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFD4E2C7EFD01" box="[554,566,645,666]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FD4E2C28FD01" box="[577,608,645,666]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFD4E2C3FFD01" box="[619,631,645,666]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFD4E2CD0FD01" box="[652,664,645,666]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FD4E2CF0FD01" box="[675,696,645,666]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FD4E2C97FD01" box="[711,735,645,666]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFD4E2D48FD01" box="[744,768,645,666]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFD4E2D52FD01" box="[776,794,645,666]" gridcol="12" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FD4E2D0CFD01" box="[805,836,645,666]" gridcol="13" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FD4E2D13FD01" box="[848,859,645,666]" gridcol="14" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FD4E2D33FD01" box="[880,891,645,666]" gridcol="15" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FD4E2DACFD01" box="[913,996,645,666]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="16" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFD4E2A4CFD01" box="[1004,1028,645,666]" gridcol="19" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFD4E2A6DFD01" box="[1037,1061,645,666]" gridcol="20" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFD4E2A0DFD01" box="[1069,1093,645,666]" gridcol="21" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FD4E2A2EFD01" box="[1102,1126,645,666]" gridcol="22" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FD4E2ACFFD01" box="[1135,1159,645,666]" gridcol="23" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FD4E2AE8FD01" box="[1167,1184,645,666]" gridcol="24" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FD4E2A80FD01" box="[1206,1224,645,666]" gridcol="25" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FD4E2AA0FD01" box="[1232,1256,645,666]" gridcol="26" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FD4E2B41FD01" box="[1265,1289,645,666]" gridcol="27" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FD4E2B6BFD01" box="[1297,1315,645,666]" gridcol="28" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FD4E2B05FD01" box="[1326,1357,645,666]" gridcol="29" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFD4E2B23FD01" box="[1369,1387,645,666]" gridcol="30" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FD4E2BCCFD01" box="[1395,1412,645,666]" gridcol="31" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFD4E2BE7FD01" box="[1434,1455,645,666]" gridcol="32" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FD552BE7FD29" box="[134,1455,670,690]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FD552FD4FD29" box="[134,412,670,690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0C1FD552E81FD29" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[134,201,670,690]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FD552E81FD29" box="[134,201,670,690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. tingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Yushe
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFD552FF5FD29" box="[424,445,670,690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFD552F95FD29" box="[456,477,670,690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFD552FB6FD29" box="[489,510,670,690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFD552C57FD29" box="[522,543,670,690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFD552C7EFD29" box="[554,566,670,690]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FD552C28FD29" box="[577,608,670,690]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFD552C3FFD29" box="[619,631,670,690]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFD552CD0FD29" box="[652,664,670,690]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FD552CF0FD29" box="[675,696,670,690]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FD552C97FD29" box="[711,735,670,690]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFD552D48FD29" box="[744,768,670,690]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFD552D52FD29" box="[776,794,670,690]" gridcol="12" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FD552D0CFD29" box="[805,836,670,690]" gridcol="13" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FD552D13FD29" box="[848,859,670,690]" gridcol="14" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FD552D33FD29" box="[880,891,670,690]" gridcol="15" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FD552DEDFD29" box="[913,933,670,690]" gridcol="16" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FD552D8BFD29" box="[945,963,670,690]" gridcol="17" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFD552DACFD29" box="[972,996,670,690]" gridcol="18" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFD552A4CFD29" box="[1004,1028,670,690]" gridcol="19" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFD552A6DFD29" box="[1037,1061,670,690]" gridcol="20" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFD552A0DFD29" box="[1069,1093,670,690]" gridcol="21" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FD552A2EFD29" box="[1102,1126,670,690]" gridcol="22" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FD552ACFFD29" box="[1135,1159,670,690]" gridcol="23" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FD552AA0FD29" box="[1167,1256,670,690]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="24" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FD552B41FD29" box="[1265,1289,670,690]" gridcol="27" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FD552B6BFD29" box="[1297,1315,670,690]" gridcol="28" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FD552BCCFD29" box="[1326,1412,670,690]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="29" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2 0&1 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFD552BE7FD29" box="[1434,1455,670,690]" gridcol="32" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FD7D2BE7FD51" box="[134,1455,694,714]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FD7D2FD4FD51" box="[134,412,694,714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FD7D2E9EFD51" box="[134,214,694,714]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. barryi</emphasis>
|
||
– Tanzania
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFD7D2FF5FD51" box="[424,445,694,714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFD7D2F95FD51" box="[456,477,694,714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFD7D2FB6FD51" box="[489,510,694,714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFD7D2C57FD51" box="[522,543,694,714]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFD7D2C7EFD51" box="[554,566,694,714]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FD7D2C28FD51" box="[577,608,694,714]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFD7D2C3FFD51" box="[619,631,694,714]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFD7D2CD0FD51" box="[652,664,694,714]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FD7D2CF0FD51" box="[675,696,694,714]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FD7D2C97FD51" box="[711,735,694,714]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFD7D2D48FD51" box="[744,768,694,714]" gridcol="11" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFD7D2D52FD51" box="[776,794,694,714]" gridcol="12" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FD7D2D33FD51" box="[805,891,694,714]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="13" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1 0&1 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FD7D2DEDFD51" box="[913,933,694,714]" gridcol="16" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FD7D2D8BFD51" box="[945,963,694,714]" gridcol="17" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFD7D2DACFD51" box="[972,996,694,714]" gridcol="18" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFD7D2A4CFD51" box="[1004,1028,694,714]" gridcol="19" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFD7D2A6DFD51" box="[1037,1061,694,714]" gridcol="20" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFD7D2A0DFD51" box="[1069,1093,694,714]" gridcol="21" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FD7D2A2EFD51" box="[1102,1126,694,714]" gridcol="22" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FD7D2ACFFD51" box="[1135,1159,694,714]" gridcol="23" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FD7D2AE8FD51" box="[1167,1184,694,714]" gridcol="24" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FD7D2A80FD51" box="[1206,1224,694,714]" gridcol="25" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FD7D2AA0FD51" box="[1232,1256,694,714]" gridcol="26" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FD7D2B41FD51" box="[1265,1289,694,714]" gridcol="27" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FD7D2B6BFD51" box="[1297,1315,694,714]" gridcol="28" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FD7D2B05FD51" box="[1326,1357,694,714]" gridcol="29" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFD7D2B23FD51" box="[1369,1387,694,714]" gridcol="30" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FD7D2BCCFD51" box="[1395,1412,694,714]" gridcol="31" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFD7D2BE7FD51" box="[1434,1455,694,714]" gridcol="32" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FD122BE7FD76" box="[134,1455,729,749]" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FD122FD4FD76" box="[134,412,729,749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0C1FD122F14FD76" authority="vulpes - Extant" authorityName="Extant" box="[134,348,729,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FD122F40FD76" box="[134,264,729,749]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">Vulpes vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
– Extant
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFD122FF5FD76" box="[424,445,729,749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E18FFD122F95FD76" box="[456,477,729,749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFD122FB6FD76" box="[489,510,729,749]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFD122C57FD76" box="[522,543,729,749]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFD122C7EFD76" box="[554,566,729,749]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FD122C28FD76" box="[577,608,729,749]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFD122C3FFD76" box="[619,631,729,749]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFD122CD0FD76" box="[652,664,729,749]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FD122CF0FD76" box="[675,696,729,749]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FD122C97FD76" box="[711,735,729,749]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFD122D48FD76" box="[744,768,729,749]" gridcol="11" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFD122D52FD76" box="[776,794,729,749]" gridcol="12" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FD122D0CFD76" box="[805,836,729,749]" gridcol="13" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FD122D13FD76" box="[848,859,729,749]" gridcol="14" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FD122D33FD76" box="[880,891,729,749]" gridcol="15" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FD122DEDFD76" box="[913,933,729,749]" gridcol="16" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FD122D8BFD76" box="[945,963,729,749]" gridcol="17" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFD122A6DFD76" box="[972,1061,729,749]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="18" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFD122A0DFD76" box="[1069,1093,729,749]" gridcol="21" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FD122A2EFD76" box="[1102,1126,729,749]" gridcol="22" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FD122ACFFD76" box="[1135,1159,729,749]" gridcol="23" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FD122AE8FD76" box="[1167,1184,729,749]" gridcol="24" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FD122A80FD76" box="[1206,1224,729,749]" gridcol="25" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FD122AA0FD76" box="[1232,1256,729,749]" gridcol="26" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FD122B41FD76" box="[1265,1289,729,749]" gridcol="27" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FD122B6BFD76" box="[1297,1315,729,749]" gridcol="28" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FD122B05FD76" box="[1326,1357,729,749]" gridcol="29" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFD122B23FD76" box="[1369,1387,729,749]" gridcol="30" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FD122BE7FD76" box="[1395,1455,729,749]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="31" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0 0&1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3504C93591660007E0C1FD3A2BE7FC9D" box="[134,1455,753,774]" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<th id="76D5A04991660007E0C1FD3A2FD4FC9D" box="[134,412,753,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0C1FD3A2F00FC9D" authority="- Extant" authorityName="Extant" box="[134,328,753,774]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0C1FD3A2EBCFC9D" box="[134,244,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">Canis lupus</emphasis>
|
||
– Extant
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1EFFD3A2F95FC9D" box="[424,477,753,774]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1 0&1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E1AEFD3A2FB6FC9D" box="[489,510,753,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E24DFD3A2C57FC9D" box="[522,543,753,774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E26DFD3A2C7EFC9D" box="[554,566,753,774]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E206FD3A2C28FC9D" box="[577,608,753,774]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E22CFD3A2C3FFC9D" box="[619,631,753,774]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2CBFD3A2CD0FC9D" box="[652,664,753,774]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2E4FD3A2CF0FC9D" box="[675,696,753,774]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E280FD3A2C97FC9D" box="[711,735,753,774]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E2AFFD3A2D48FC9D" box="[744,768,753,774]" gridcol="11" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E34FFD3A2D52FC9D" box="[776,794,753,774]" gridcol="12" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E362FD3A2D0CFC9D" box="[805,836,753,774]" gridcol="13" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E317FD3A2D13FC9D" box="[848,859,753,774]" gridcol="14" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E337FD3A2D33FC9D" box="[880,891,753,774]" gridcol="15" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3D6FD3A2DEDFC9D" box="[913,933,753,774]" gridcol="16" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3F6FD3A2D8BFC9D" box="[945,963,753,774]" gridcol="17" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E38BFD3A2DACFC9D" box="[972,996,753,774]" gridcol="18" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E3ABFD3A2A4CFC9D" box="[1004,1028,753,774]" gridcol="19" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E44AFD3A2A6DFC9D" box="[1037,1061,753,774]" gridcol="20" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E46AFD3A2A0DFC9D" box="[1069,1093,753,774]" gridcol="21" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E409FD3A2A2EFC9D" box="[1102,1126,753,774]" gridcol="22" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E428FD3A2ACFFC9D" box="[1135,1159,753,774]" gridcol="23" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4C8FD3A2AE8FC9D" box="[1167,1184,753,774]" gridcol="24" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4F1FD3A2A80FC9D" box="[1206,1224,753,774]" gridcol="25" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E497FD3A2AA0FC9D" box="[1232,1256,753,774]" gridcol="26" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E4B6FD3A2B41FC9D" box="[1265,1289,753,774]" gridcol="27" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E556FD3A2B6BFC9D" box="[1297,1315,753,774]" gridcol="28" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E569FD3A2B05FC9D" box="[1326,1357,753,774]" gridcol="29" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E51EFD3A2B23FC9D" box="[1369,1387,753,774]" gridcol="30" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E534FD3A2BCCFC9D" box="[1395,1412,753,774]" gridcol="31" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5A04991660007E5DDFD3A2BE7FC9D" box="[1434,1455,753,774]" gridcol="32" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BCB779166FFF4E0DCFADE2F21F9D4" blockId="12.[132,775,855,1615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
The skull, mandible and dentition of the Çalta raccoon dog have many morphological similarities with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E2E7FAFD2EF9FAF4" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E2E7FAFD2EF9FAF4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F75D59166FFF4E149FA9D2F74FAEB" box="[270,316,1366,1392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Perpignan as well as from Layna. As noted above, they display several characters that are different from other species of the genus, in particular
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E226FA5D2F32FA54" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E226FA5D2CFDFA34" authorityName="Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1991" box="[609,693,1430,1455]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tingi">N. tingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, N. sinensis, N. megamastoides
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E1F5FA7D2C74FA54" box="[434,572,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. abdeslami</emphasis>
|
||
. In view of this, it is very likely that the specimens of Çalta belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E2F3FA1E2E80F995" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donnezani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E2F3FA1E2E80F995" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">N. donnezani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This identification will be tested by the phylogenetic analysis of cranial and dental characters in various species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34B0F49166FFF4E0B6F9FE2F2AF9D5" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[241,354,1589,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nyctereutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94017659166FFF4E0B6F9FE2F2AF9D5" box="[241,354,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="673">Nyctereutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |