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<document id="3D4B019825967B8C9E2CEB1FBD7FB634" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.450.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5413465" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630356466271" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cain, Shlomo, Gefen, Eran &amp; Prendini, Lorenzo" docDate="2021" docId="0396327DFF867E08B0AE6AB432436D7B" docLanguage="en" docName="450.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (450)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-450/issue-1/0003-0090.450.1.1/Systematic-Revision-of-the-Sand-Scorpions-Genus-Buthacus-Birula-1908/10.1206/0003-0090.450.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Buthacus Occurring" docType="key" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFAF4A05FF9E7E11B0636E40303E6E37" masterDocTitle="Systematic Revision Of The Sand Scorpions, Genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837) Of The Levant, With Redescription Of Buthacus Arenicola (Simon, 1885) From Algeria And Tunisia" masterLastPageNumber="137" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1699245026632" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C214121CF39657C8E08C71E5090E9C70">Systematic Revision Of The Sand Scorpions, Genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837) Of The Levant, With Redescription Of Buthacus Arenicola (Simon, 1885) From Algeria And Tunisia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF6F3C9423FECB2E41F80A3604A853BA">Cain, Shlomo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F29102BE9D0411C8483E9DA427894895">Gefen, Eran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F63DA164EE2DFC78241BFBAD7D51F914">Prendini, Lorenzo</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C325D0E0FF867E09B0AE6AB431C76B1B" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF867E09B0AE6AB431C76B1B" blockId="24.[205,541,1267,1324]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="D0C83407FF867E09B0AE6AB431C76B1B" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" reason="2">
Key to the Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF867E09B1D96AB3315E6B1B" ID-CoL="62HVF" authority="Occurring" authorityName="Occurring" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF867E09B1D96AB332236B3C" box="[442,541,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">Buthacus</emphasis>
Occurring
</taxonomicName>
in the Levant
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325D0E0FF867E08B00F6B0632436D7B" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" type="key">
<keyStep id="30CB9BCEFF867E09B00F6B0632426834" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF867E09B00F6B0632426B97" blockId="24.[108,636,1350,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF867E09B00F6B0632426B97" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">1. Metasomal segments IV, V and telson, intercarinal surfaces granular and matte (figs. 27AC, 29C, E, G)........................................2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF867E09B00F6BEA32426834" blockId="24.[108,636,1350,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF867E09B00F6BEA32426834" pageId="24" pageNumber="24"> Metasomal segments IV, V and telson, intercarinal surfaces smooth and glabrous (figs. 27D, 28, 29A, B, D, F, H).................................4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30CB9BCEFF867E09B00F684C34836FF7" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF867E09B00F684C324568FD" blockId="24.[108,636,1350,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF867E09B00F684C324568FD" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
2. Pectinal tooth count&gt;22 (
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,
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; fig. 19CF); metasomal segments, dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae, and telson, ventral surface densely setose (figs. 23B, C, 25B, C, 29E, G); legs I and II, telotarsal ungues equal in length (fig. 22E, G)......................................3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF867E09B2CF6EA234836FF7" blockId="24.[684,1213,225,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF867E09B2CF6EA234836FF7" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
Pectinal tooth count ≤22 (
<specimenCount id="9D3948E2FF867E09B4786EA1340C6ECD" box="[1051,1074,225,250]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" type="male"></specimenCount>
, 1822;
<specimenCount id="9D3948E2FF867E09B4FC6EA134886ECD" box="[1183,1206,225,250]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" type="female"></specimenCount>
, 1214; fig. 19A, B); metasomal segments, dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae, and telson, ventral surface sparsely setose (figs. 23A, 25A, 29C); legs I and II, telotarsal ungues unequal in length (fig. 22C) ……………......................
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF867E09B38D6FE9346E6FF7" ID-CoL="8LYX5" authority="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[1006,1104,425,448]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arava" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF867E09B38D6FE9346E6FF7" box="[1006,1104,425,448]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">B. arava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF867E09B4006FE934836FF7" box="[1123,1213,425,448]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30CB9BCEFF867E09B2CF6F8934836D3D" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF867E09B2CF6F8934836C52" blockId="24.[684,1213,225,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF867E09B2CF6F8934836C52" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
3. Metasomal segments II and III, ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae, and V, ventrolateral carinae well developed, posterior processes greatly enlarged, lobate (figs. 25B, 27B)................
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF867E09B3CE6C0E34716C52" ID-CoL="NYWT" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[941,1103,589,613]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tadmorensis" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF867E09B3CE6C0E34716C52" box="[941,1103,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">B. tadmorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF867E09B43C6C0E34836C52" box="[1119,1213,590,613]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF867E09B2CF6C2F34836D3D" blockId="24.[684,1213,225,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF867E09B2CF6C2F34836D3D" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
Metasomal segments II and III, ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae, and V, ventrolateral carinae weakly developed, posterior processes slightly enlarged, spiniform (figs. 25C, 27C)..........
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF867E09B3A36CB3346B6D3D" ID-CoL="8LV9Q" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="yotvatensis: Vachon" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[960,1109,755,778]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yotvatensis" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF867E09B3A36CB3346B6D3D" box="[960,1109,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">B. yotvatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF867E09B4016CB334836D3D" box="[1122,1213,755,778]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
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</keyStep>
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4. Pedipalp chela of adult
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narrow (fig. 44A, B), manus width:chela length, 19.4% (17.1% 21.3%), resembling chela of adult
<specimenCount id="9D3948E2FF867E09B40E6D1534BA6D59" box="[1133,1156,853,878]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" type="female"></specimenCount>
(fig. 44C, D), 17% (15.6%19.6%); chela movable finger, retrolateral accessory denticles usually absent (fig. 21E, F); metasomal segment V ventrolateral carinae, posterior spiniform granules uniformly small (fig. 26A) .....
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF867E09B2996A5D346D6A03" box="[762,1107,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
.......................................
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF867E09B4636A5D346D6A03" ID-CoL="8LYVR" authority="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[1024,1107,1052,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levyi" status="sp. nov.">B. levyi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF867E09B4076A5D34836A03" box="[1124,1213,1053,1076]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF867E09B2CF6A7E34836BD5" blockId="24.[684,1213,225,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF867E09B2CF6A7E34836BD5" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
Pedipalp chela of adult
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broad (figs. 32A, B, 41A, B, 47A, B), manus width:chela length, 27.1% (25.1%28.9%) in
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF867E09B42A6AC034886AA0" ID-CoL="8LYWF" authority="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[1097,1206,1152,1175]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amitaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF867E09B42A6AC034886AA0" box="[1097,1206,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">B. amitaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF867E09B2BA6AE1330E6A8F" box="[729,816,1185,1208]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 24.2% in
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF867E09B3CB6AE134066A8F" ID-CoL="NYWH" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1829" box="[936,1080,1184,1208]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptochelys">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF867E09B3CB6AE134066A8F" box="[936,1080,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">B. leptochelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 26.3% (22.3%29.5%) in
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF867E09B3DF6A82340F6AEE" ID-CoL="8LYYL" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Levy, Amitai &amp; Shulov" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[956,1073,1218,1241]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitzani" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF867E09B3DF6A82340F6AEE" box="[956,1073,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">B. nitzani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF867E09B42B6A8234866AEE" box="[1096,1208,1218,1241]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, unlike chela of adult
<specimenCount id="9D3948E2FF867E09B3D86AA233EC6ACC" box="[955,978,1250,1275]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" type="female"></specimenCount>
(figs. 32C, D, 41C, D, 47C, D), 19.3% (1820.8), 16.7% (15.9% 17.3%), 19.9% (18%24.1%), respectively; chela movable finger, retrolateral accessory denticles usually present (fig. 21A, D, G); metasomal segment V ventrolateral carinae, posterior spiniform granules variable, some large (fig. 26BD)..................................5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<keyLead id="30CE205EFF867E09B2CF6BAB348268B0" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
5. Total length&gt;
<quantity id="4CC72E8EFF867E09B30C6BAB33836834" box="[879,957,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="59.0">59 mm</quantity>
; pedipalp chela of adult
<specimenCount id="9D3948E2FF867E09B2BA684B32CE6813" box="[729,752,1547,1572]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" type="male"></specimenCount>
long (fig. 41A, B), e.g., manus length:movable finger length, 70.7%; pectinal tooth count&gt;35 (3239) in
<specimenCount id="9D3948E2FF867E09B40A680D34BE6851" box="[1129,1152,1613,1638]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" type="male"></specimenCount>
,&gt;27 (2731) in
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..............................
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF867E09B4486830348268B0" ID-CoL="NYWH" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1829" box="[1067,1212,1647,1671]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptochelys">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF867E09B4486830348268B0" box="[1067,1212,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">B. leptochelys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF867E08B2CF68D132426F49" blockId="24.[684,1213,225,1738]" lastBlockId="25.[108,637,226,845]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF867E08B2CF68D132426F49" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="24">
Total length &lt;
<quantity id="4CC72E8EFF867E09B3EF68D033DC689F" box="[908,994,1680,1704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="59.0">59 mm</quantity>
; pedipalp chela of adult
<specimenCount id="9D3948E2FF867E09B37A68F1330E68FD" box="[793,816,1713,1738]" pageId="24" pageNumber="24" type="male"></specimenCount>
short (figs. 32A, B, 47A, B), manus length:movable finger length, 81.8% (72.7% 88.3%) in
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF877E08B1766F4331B86F2D" ID-CoL="8LYWF" authority="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[277,390,259,282]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amitaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF877E08B1766F4331B86F2D" box="[277,390,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">B. amitaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF877E08B1FB6F4331CD6F2D" box="[408,499,259,282]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and 84.4% (76.8%92.4%) in
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF877E08B1046F6431F06F0C" ID-CoL="8LYYL" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Levy, Amitai &amp; Shulov" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[359,462,292,315]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitzani" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF877E08B1046F6431F06F0C" box="[359,462,292,315]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">B. nitzani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF877E08B1BE6F64327F6F0C" box="[477,577,292,315]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; pectinal tooth count ≤35 (2635) in
<specimenCount id="9D3948E2FF877E08B24B6F0432016F6A" box="[552,575,324,349]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" type="male"></specimenCount>
, ≤27 (2027) in
<specimenCount id="9D3948E2FF877E08B17B6F2531116F49" box="[280,303,357,382]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" type="female"></specimenCount>
(fig. 20AD)………………..6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30CB9BCEFF877E08B00F6FC732436D7B" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF877E08B00F6FC732436C52" blockId="25.[108,637,226,845]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF877E08B00F6FC732436C52" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
6. Metasomal segments II and III, ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae well developed, posterior granules slightly enlarged, spiniform; segment V ventrolateral carinae, posterior granules enlarged, lobate (figs. 28D, 26D)................... ...........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF877E08B1D36C0E32256C52" ID-CoL="8LYWF" authority="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini, 2021" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" box="[432,539,590,613]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amitaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF877E08B1D36C0E32256C52" box="[432,539,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">B. amitaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF877E08B24A6C0E32436C52" box="[553,637,590,613]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80836BFF877E08B00F6C2F32436D7B" blockId="25.[108,637,226,845]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
<keyLead id="30CE205EFF877E08B00F6C2F32436D7B" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
Metasomal segments II and III, ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae weakly developed, posterior granules similar to preceding granules; segment V ventrolateral carinae, posterior granules slightly enlarged, spiniform (figs. 28C, 26C).... .......................................
<taxonomicName id="4C3FF8E8FF877E08B1FC6D7632346D7A" ID-CoL="8LYYL" authorityName="Cain &amp; Gefen &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Levy, Amitai &amp; Shulov" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[415,522,822,845]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitzani" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B5F79FF877E08B1FC6D7632346D7A" box="[415,522,822,845]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">B. nitzani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278E202FF877E08B27B6D7532436D7B" box="[536,637,821,844]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>