140 lines
20 KiB
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140 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="B94652FA71AE57447CED0BAC22383FF4" ID-CLB-Dataset="29016" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63e1a736-5a54-4bc8-9eb0-99b172ec3bc3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1458734" ID-ZooBank="5C5A86AC-6FA4-46AD-9A89-068E9119DD28" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539289530301" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2018" docId="039187CAB9583C05FF6B53CDBB163B7B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4459.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4459 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Halocynthia microspinosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="403" masterDocId="FFA8FFB2B95A3C07FFFC5148BA763D09" masterDocTitle="Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae" masterLastPageNumber="430" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="403" updateTime="1698578571020" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E7C3285098970B3C950AAB08E80691A7">Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AD0F442941CE8B1A3ED068751063FB54" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AAF1F0F3CF8E778634DA15FBA49E42EF">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EFB334C794F11CD8FECBA2722BF20FAF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4F83415CF8F0E71836CA20096F99E392">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="29B01A512A661A280CE7B9E02C10BB35">
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<mods:date id="B8EC4046188873360142CBB2A1F8E860">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E16F182CDB15B121C05D34CC210270FA">2018-08-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E3FBC342D19AD284CA25645E4748AC83">4459</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039187CAB9583C05FF6B53CDBB163B7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966657" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148692790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187CAB9583C05FF6B53CDBB163B7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187CAB9583C05FF6B53CDBB163B7B" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<subSubSection id="C3226557B9583C05FF6B53CDBA8F3FC9" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB9583C05FF6B53CDB8C53F96" blockId="2.[151,691,645,704]" box="[151,691,645,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<heading id="D0CF81B0B9583C05FF6B53CDB8C53F96" bold="true" box="[151,691,645,671]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D5FB9583C05FF6B53CDB8C53F96" ID-CoL="3JF52" authority="(Van Name 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Van Name" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[151,691,645,671]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Halocynthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microspinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB9583C05FF6B53CDB8C53F96" bold="true" box="[151,691,645,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB9583C05FF6B53CDBBA33F96" bold="true" box="[151,469,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Halocynthia microspinosa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB9583C05FE1853CDB8DD3F96" box="[484,683,645,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref9520" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1921) Ascidians of the West Indian region and Southeastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 44, 283 - 494." type="journal article">Van Name 1921</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB9583C05FF6B53EFBA8F3FC9" blockId="2.[151,691,645,704]" box="[151,249,679,704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FF6B53EFBAA83FC9" box="[151,222,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1999,2021]" captionTargetBox="[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, one specimen, scale bar = 1cm; B, siphon spines; C, gut loop." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458738/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FF1653E0BA8F3FC9" box="[234,249,680,704]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,361,1922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, dissection, scale bar = 1cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458740/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3226557B9583C05FF6B53A2B8653E37" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB9583C05FF6B53A2B84D3E09" blockId="2.[151,1118,746,830]" box="[151,571,746,768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D5FB9583C05FF6B53A2B84D3E09" ID-CoL="7BRFC" authority="Van Name, 1921" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,571,746,768]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Tethyum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microspinosum">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB9583C05FF6B53A2BBFA3E09" box="[151,396,746,768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Tethyum microspinosum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB9583C05FE6E53A3B84D3E09" box="[402,571,746,768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref9520" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1921) Ascidians of the West Indian region and Southeastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 44, 283 - 494." type="journal article">Van Name, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB9583C05FF6B5241BE283E16" blockId="2.[151,1118,746,830]" box="[151,1118,777,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2811F2B9583C05FF6B5241BE283E16" box="[151,1118,777,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D5FB9583C05FF6B5241B8B73E16" ID-CoL="3JF52" authority=": Millar & Goodbody,: 1974" authorityName=": Millar & Goodbody,:" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,705,777,799]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Halocynthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microspinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB9583C05FF6B5241BBD73E16" box="[151,417,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Halocynthia microspinosa</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910CDB9583C05FE535241B8B73E16" author="" box="[431,705,777,799]" page="1974" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB9583C05FE535241B8B73E16" box="[431,705,777,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref8314" refString="Millar, R. H. & Goodbody, I. (1974) New species of ascidians from the West Indies. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 148, 142 - 161." type="journal article">Millar & Goodbody,: 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Jamaica;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB9583C05FCD65241B9AC3E16" box="[810,986,777,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref8485" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe VI. Pyuridae et Molgulidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 5, A n ° 4, 1021 - 1044." type="journal article">Monniot C. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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, Guadeloupe
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB9583C05FF6B5260B8653E37" blockId="2.[151,1118,746,830]" box="[151,531,808,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Station AB 159 (MNHN S2 HAL 55)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3226557B9583C05FF6B522EBB163B7B" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB9583C05FF6B522EBB0639CB" blockId="2.[151,1437,869,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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Two specimens 1 and
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<quantity id="4CC09B39B9583C05FE6B522EBBB13E77" box="[407,455,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="cm" value="3.0">3cm</quantity>
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large have a thick red tunic (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FCE7522DB9033E77" box="[795,885,869,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1999,2021]" captionTargetBox="[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, one specimen, scale bar = 1cm; B, siphon spines; C, gut loop." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458738/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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) with protuberances at the siphons. The body is covered with spines much longer around the siphons (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FD0452C1B9263EAB" box="[760,848,905,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1999,2021]" captionTargetBox="[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, one specimen, scale bar = 1cm; B, siphon spines; C, gut loop." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458738/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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). Internally the tunic is colourless and not nacreous. Extracted from the tunic the body wall is red on the siphons but pale and translucent elsewhere. The musculature is strong with siphon sphincters and spaced radiating muscular ribbons covering the whole body (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FB265299BF403EE3" box="[1242,1334,977,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,361,1922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, dissection, scale bar = 1cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458740/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). The 12 large tentacles are thin only once ramified. The dorsal tubercle has horns internally rolled. The neural ganglion is particularly long (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FE9D5551BBCA393B" box="[353,444,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,361,1922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, dissection, scale bar = 1cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458740/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). The dorsal lamina in long with thin languets doubled around the oesophagus entrance. The branchial sac has 8 high folds on each side (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FD425575B960395F" box="[702,790,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,361,1922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, dissection, scale bar = 1cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458740/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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). The longitudinal vessels are close together at the top of the folds but spaced at the sides. The stigmata are straight and short and there is no trace of spirals on the top of the folds. The branchial formula on the right side of the largest specimen is: E- 2 (9) 2 (19) 2 (23) 2 (23) 2 (24) 2 (23) 2 (22) 2 (20) 2-DL.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB9583C05FF3B5585BB9238E8" blockId="2.[151,1437,869,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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The digestive tract forms a wide loop (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FD855585B8A239EF" box="[633,724,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1999,2021]" captionTargetBox="[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, one specimen, scale bar = 1cm; B, siphon spines; C, gut loop." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458738/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FD1C5586B97039EF" box="[736,774,1230,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,361,1922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, dissection, scale bar = 1cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458740/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">3A</figureCitation>
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). The oesophagus is long, well separated from the stomach which has two parts: one with longitudinal folds and one covered with hepatic papillae (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FB9355B9BEB03803" box="[1135,1222,1265,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1999,2021]" captionTargetBox="[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, one specimen, scale bar = 1cm; B, siphon spines; C, gut loop." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458738/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FB2E55BABE813803" box="[1234,1271,1266,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,361,1922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, dissection, scale bar = 1cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458740/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">3A</figureCitation>
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). The intestine is isodiametric ending in a lobed anus. There are 4 long sinuous gonads parallel to each other placed inside the gut loop and partly overlying the descending limb of the intestine. The ovaries are central, sided by series of testis vesicles. The gonoducts are short tubes and the sperm duct is a little longer than the oviduct. Gonads are lacking on the right body side. Numerous endocarps encircle ventrally the gut loop (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FC2054C9BE403893" box="[988,1078,1409,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1999,2021]" captionTargetBox="[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1372,484,1978]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, one specimen, scale bar = 1cm; B, siphon spines; C, gut loop." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458738/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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), others take place between the gonads inside the gut loop and many are scattered on each side on the body wall (
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<figureCitation id="13032A59B9583C05FBDF54EDBE0A38B7" box="[1059,1148,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1986,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,361,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,361,1922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halocynthia microspinosa. A, dissection, scale bar = 1cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458740/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). A thin lobed velum is at the base of the atrial aperture.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736DCB9583C05FF3B54A5BB163B7B" blockId="2.[151,1437,869,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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These observations correspond to the very detailed original description.
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D5FB9583C05FBEC54A6BEBD3B0C" authorityName=": Millar & Goodbody,:" authorityYear="1974" box="[1040,1227,1518,1541]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Halocynthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microspinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94CEACEB9583C05FBEC54A6BEBD3B0C" box="[1040,1227,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">H. microspinosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="5483887EB9583C05FB2B54A6BF713B0F" box="[1239,1287,1518,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">type</typeStatus>
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locality was supposed to be
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<collectingCountry id="F32F764CB9583C05FEBA5759BBA13B23" box="[326,471,1553,1578]" name="Bahamas" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB9583C05FE19575AB8D73B23" box="[485,673,1554,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref9520" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1921) Ascidians of the West Indian region and Southeastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 44, 283 - 494." type="journal article">Van Name 1921</bibRefCitation>
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). It was collected again in
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<collectingCountry id="F32F764CB9583C05FC2C5759BE5C3B23" box="[976,1066,1553,1578]" name="Jamaica" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB9583C05FBC55759BF163B23" box="[1081,1376,1553,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref8314" refString="Millar, R. H. & Goodbody, I. (1974) New species of ascidians from the West Indies. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 148, 142 - 161." type="journal article">Millar & Goodbody 1974</bibRefCitation>
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), and in
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<collectingRegion id="49FCF83EB9583C05FF44577DBB493B47" box="[184,319,1589,1614]" country="France" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
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<collectingCountry id="F32F764CB9583C05FF44577DBB493B47" box="[184,319,1589,1614]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B2DB9583C05FEAE577DB8563B47" box="[338,544,1589,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref8485" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe VI. Pyuridae et Molgulidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 5, A n ° 4, 1021 - 1044." type="journal article">Monniot C. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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), and nowhere else. So this spectacular species is obviously endemic to the Caribbean region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |