593 lines
70 KiB
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593 lines
70 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BCF64E2B2ACEB1FB3149FB88658CEAE6">Sawflies of the genus Emphytopsis (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) associated with Stewartia (Theaceae) in Japan</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A41FFB15198F9DE50834470" authority="Takeuchi, 1952" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,704,1616,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A41FFB15198F9DE50834470" bold="true" box="[151,704,1616,1643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A41FFB15198F9DE53A94471" bold="true" box="[151,490,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Emphytopsis nigromaculata</emphasis>
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(
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736B08A41FFB15198F9FA50F24497" blockId="1.[151,704,1616,1677]" box="[151,689,1652,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13032A358A41FFB15190F9FA52A44497" box="[159,231,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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A–E, 2A–F, 3A–E, 4, 5, 9A–D, I–K, 10)
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A41FFB15198F93353D244C9" box="[151,401,1724,1746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Taxonus nigromaculatus</emphasis>
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: 53
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB15360F932510744C9" author="Takeuchi" box="[623,836,1724,1746]" page="124" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1955">
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: 124
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, fig. 848 (
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<typeStatus id="548388128A41FFB152BEF932564944C9" box="[945,1034,1724,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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from Yanase);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB155A3F932573644C9" author="Togashi" box="[1196,1397,1724,1746]" page="251" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB155A3F932570344C9" author="Togashi" box="[1196,1344,1724,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Togashi, I. (1965) Tenthredinidae. In: Asahina, S., Ishihara, T. & Yasumatsu, K. (Eds.), Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum Colore naturali edita. Vol. III. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 245 - 254, pls. 123 - 126. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1965">Togashi, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 251
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, pl. 126, fig. 5;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB15034F954538844EB" author="Togashi" box="[315,459,1754,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Togashi, I. (1992) Japanese sawflies of the genus Taxonus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) (Part 1). Proceedings of the e Society of Systematic Zoology, (47), 37 - 44." type="journal article" year="1992">Togashi, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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(in part): 38;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB15359F954515844EB" author="Togashi" box="[598,795,1754,1776]" page="263" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB15359F95450AB44EB" author="Togashi" box="[598,744,1754,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Togashi, I. (1998) Hymenoptera. In: Insects of Ishikawa Prefecture. Ishikawa Pref. Govt., Kanazawa, pp. 252 - 304. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1998">Togashi, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 263
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB1522AF954564744EB" author="Nakamura" box="[805,1028,1754,1776]" page="260" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="2003">
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: 260
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB15501F955569844EB" author="Nagase" box="[1038,1243,1754,1776]" page="1252" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="2004">
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: 1252
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB155EAF95452A04514" author="Naito" page="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB155EAF95457DB44EB" author="Naito" box="[1253,1432,1754,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Naito, T., Yoshida, H., Nakamine, H., Morita, T., Ikeda, T., Suzuki H. & Nakanishi, A. (2004) Species diversity of sawflies in Hyogo Prefecture, central Japan. Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Monograph of Natural History and Environmental Science, (1), [1 - 2] + [pl. 1 - 10] + 1 - 85. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2004">
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Naito
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A41FFB1542CF955571344EB" box="[1315,1360,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">et al</emphasis>
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., 2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 42
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB151E2F97753EB4514" author="Yoshida" box="[237,424,1785,1807]" page="71" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB151E2F97753C04514" author="Yoshida" box="[237,387,1785,1807]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Yoshida, H. (2006) Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of Osaka Prefecture, Japan. West Japan Hymenopterists' Club, Kakogawa, (4 pp.) + 24 pls. + 127 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2006">Yoshida, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 71
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB150BCF97450304514" author="Nagase" box="[435,627,1785,1807]" page="291" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB150BCF97450024514" author="Nagase" box="[435,577,1785,1807]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Nagase, H. (2007) Hymenoptera. In: Research Group of the Tanzawa Mountains (Ed.), Results of the Scientific Research on the Tanzawa Mountains, Appendix: A List of Plants and Animals. Hiraoka Environmental Science Laboratory, Sagamihara, pp. 286 - 310. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2007">Nagase, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 291
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB15372F97751014514" author="Togashi" box="[637,834,1785,1807]" page="496" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB15372F97751534514" author="Togashi" box="[637,784,1785,1807]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Togashi, I. (2008) Tenthredinidae. In: Hirashima, Y. & Morimoto, K. (Eds.), Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum Colore naturali edita. Vol. III. Revised Edition. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 489 - 499, pls. 142 - 145. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2008">Togashi, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 496
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, fig. 2605.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A41FFB15198F89653F14535" box="[151,434,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Emphytopsis nigromaculata</emphasis>
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:
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Wei
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<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A41FFB150E1F89750584535" box="[494,539,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">et al</emphasis>
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., 2011
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: 4
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, 14;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A18A41FFB153A2F89651E34535" author="Wei" box="[685,928,1816,1838]" page="434" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB153A2F896512D4535" author="Wei" box="[685,878,1816,1838]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Wei, M. - C. & Zhou, P. - P. (2012) A new species of Emphytopsis Wei & Nie (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with a key to world species of the genus. Entomotaxonomia, 34, 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="2012">Wei & Zhou, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 434
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;
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|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB152A5F896561F4535" author="Wei" box="[938,1116,1816,1838]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Wei, M. - C. & Niu, G. - Y. (2013) A new species of the genus Emphytopsis Wei et Nie (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) feeding on Stewartia gemmata. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 38, 134 - 137. [in Chinese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2013">Wei & Niu, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 137
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322653B8A41FFB55198F8D4500F4146" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A41FFB15198F8D4567A458C" blockId="1.[151,1436,1882,2015]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A41FFB15198F8D452A84568" box="[151,235,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Redescribed in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A41FFB15313F8D450A14568" box="[540,738,1882,1907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Wei, M. - C., Xu, Y. & Niu, G. - Y. (2011) Revision of Emphytopsis. Wei & Nie (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with descriptions of seven new species from China and Japan. Zootaxa, 2803, 1 - 20" type="journal article">
|
||
Wei
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A41FFB1535DF8D250C64568" box="[594,645,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Serrula of lancet distinctly convex basally, distinctly higher than convex membranous part between serrulae, with distinct denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A41FFB152CFF8F0564C458C" box="[960,1039,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,265,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,265,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, lances and lancets, Mt. Sobo, Kyushu, holotype, (A – D) and Yanase, Shikoku, paratype (E – H). — A, E, Whole lances and lancets; B, F, 1 st to 5 th serrulae; C, 7 th to 11 th serrulae; D, apex of lance and lancet, showing 12 th to terminal serrulae; G, 5 th to 10 th serrulae; H, apex of lance and lancet, showing 13 th to terminal serrulae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252158/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A41FFB15514F8F05668458C" box="[1051,1067,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1748]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, lancets, Honshu, Nakagawa (A – D) and Nikko (E – G). — A, E, Whole lancets; B, 1 st to 5 th serrulae; C, 6 th to 10 th serrulae; D, apex of lancet, showing 11 th to terminal serrulae; F, 1 st to 3 rd serrulae; G, apical part of lancet, showing 4 th to terminal serrulae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252159/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A41FFB351C8F82C51A945AC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1882,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,1922,1975]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A41FFB151C8F82C534245A0" box="[199,257,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(hitherto undescribed) (a specimen from Nakagawa). Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A41FFB152C6F82D565345A1" box="[969,1040,1955,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Yellowish white (greenish in life, Fig. 2D–F), with following parts black: Spot including ocelli, apex of mandible, three large spots on mesonotum,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A43FFB35198F80C5350458C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1922,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A43FFB35016F80C50764583" box="[281,565,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A43FFB35016F80C50764583" box="[281,565,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Emphytopsis nigromaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–F) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A43FFB353A3F80D51594583" box="[684,794,1922,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A43FFB353A3F80D51594583" box="[684,794,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">E. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A43FFB35229F80D51C44583" box="[806,903,1923,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(G–L), Nakagawa.—A–C, G–I, Females; D–F, J–L, males. All digital images taken by F. Ito just after killing, to retain coloration in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4766388A42FFB25198F8B950E545FD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" targetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A42FFB25198F8B950E545FD" blockId="2.[151,1436,1847,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A42FFB25198F8B953574557" bold="true" box="[151,276,1847,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A42FFB25015F8B950C04556" authority="Nikko" authorityName="Nikko" box="[282,643,1847,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A42FFB25015F8B950744556" box="[282,567,1847,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Emphytopsis nigromaculata</emphasis>
|
||
, Nikko
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–E) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A42FFB253F2F8B6518C4556" authority="Kanuma" authorityName="Kanuma" box="[765,975,1847,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A42FFB253F2F8B6512F4556" box="[765,876,1847,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">E. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
, Kanuma
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(F–K).—A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A42FFB2557CF8D957384577" box="[1139,1403,1878,1900]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A42FFB2557CF8D957384577" box="[1139,1403,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A42FFB255EBF81A57DF45B2" box="[1252,1436,1939,1961]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A42FFB255EBF81A57DF45B2" box="[1252,1436,1939,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">S. pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A42FFB252ACF83C561F45D3" box="[931,1116,1970,1992]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A42FFB252ACF83C561F45D3" box="[931,1116,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">S. pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4766388A44FFB45198F9D252B644B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" targetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A44FFB45198F9D252B644B4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1628,1711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A44FFB45198F9D25351446A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1628,1650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Heads (A–L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A44FFB453F7F9D351E44469" box="[760,935,1628,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A44FFB453F7F9D351E44469" box="[760,935,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">E. nigromaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–E),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A44FFB452F6F9D356CE4469" box="[1017,1165,1628,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flatoserrula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A44FFB452F6F9D356CE4469" box="[1017,1165,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">E. flatoserrula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(F),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A44FFB455B1F9D3570B4469" box="[1214,1352,1628,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinoharai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A44FFB455B1F9D3570B4469" box="[1214,1352,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">E. shinoharai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A44FFB45198F9F5534B448B" box="[151,264,1658,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A44FFB45198F9F5534B448B" box="[151,264,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">E. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H–M).—A–C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F–J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A44FFB45198F95356FE459E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1756,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">one on median lobe and one on each of lateral lobes, mesopostnotum, small spot on each convex part of metascutum anterolateral to each cenchrus, and very narrow stripe along posterior margin of metapostnotum. Inner surface of hind femur apically blackish brown; antennal flagellum and tibiae and tarsi slightly brownish. Wings hyaline, very slightly stained with blackish brown; veins black, with veins C, Sc and R1 and basal parts of anal veins yellowish white; stigma yellowish white, with large blackish brown spot posteroapically.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A44FFB551C8F81E56C94324" blockId="4.[151,1436,1756,2033]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
Structure and punctuation generally similar to female. Anterior margin of clypeus incised to 0.56× clypeal length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A44FFB451E2F83A537245D7" box="[237,305,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A – L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M), E. nigromaculata (A – E), E. flatoserrula (F), E. shinoharai (G) and E. vernalis (H – M). — A – C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F – J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E); malar space about 0.2× diameter of median ocellus; postocellar area about as long as wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A44FFB45460F83A52E645EB" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,183,1606]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A – L) and apical ovipositor sheath (M), E. nigromaculata (A – E), E. flatoserrula (F), E. shinoharai (G) and E. vernalis (H – M). — A – C, Female, holotype; D, E, male, Nakagawa; F – J, M, females, holotypes; K, L, male, Nakagawa, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252157/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D); head behind eyes in dorsal view much shorter than eye, lateral sides weakly roundly convex, much narrower than across eyes; relative lengths of antennomeres 1–9 about 7: 4: 15: 12: 10: 7: 6: 6: 6 (Fig. 2D, E); hind tarsomere 1 about 0.92× length of tarsomeres 2–5 together. Subgenital plate very broadly rounded with nearly truncate apex. Genitalia as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A45FFB5504FFF5153C242E3" box="[320,385,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, E. nigromaculata (A – D, I – K) and E. vernalis, paratypes (E – H, L – N). — A, E, Genital capsules, dorsal view; B, F, do., ventral view; C, G, I – N, penis valves, lateral view (left dorsal); D, H, valviceps. A – D, K, Nikko; E – J, L, Nakagawa; M, Kanuma; N, Shin-onsen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252163/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D, I–K; harpe rather narrow, with inner basal part produced; valviceps in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A45FFB55460FF5152E64307" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, E. nigromaculata (A – D, I – K) and E. vernalis, paratypes (E – H, L – N). — A, E, Genital capsules, dorsal view; B, F, do., ventral view; C, G, I – N, penis valves, lateral view (left dorsal); D, H, valviceps. A – D, K, Nikko; E – J, L, Nakagawa; M, Kanuma; N, Shin-onsen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252163/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A) with outer apical margin rounded, and in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A45FFB5525DFE8A51DA4307" box="[850,921,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, E. nigromaculata (A – D, I – K) and E. vernalis, paratypes (E – H, L – N). — A, E, Genital capsules, dorsal view; B, F, do., ventral view; C, G, I – N, penis valves, lateral view (left dorsal); D, H, valviceps. A – D, K, Nikko; E – J, L, Nakagawa; M, Kanuma; N, Shin-onsen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252163/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D, I–K) with ventral margin not strongly convex and thus anteroventral and posterodorsal margins gently converging towards apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A45FFB551C8FEC3561343CB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB551C8FEC35349437F" box="[199,266,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(hitherto undescribed). Middle instar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A45FFB553CDFEC25140437F" box="[706,771,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C): Head pale brown with round black spot including eye; trunk entirely greenish white; entire insect covered with very thin wax. Last feeding instar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A45FFB555B8FEE156BA4393" box="[1207,1273,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A): Similar to middle instar but wax layer slightly thicker. Prepupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A45FFB553F5FE1A517843B7" box="[762,827,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B): Similar to last feeding stage but shorter and more vivid in color; wax covering missing and dorsum of trunk inconspicuously darkened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A45FFB551C8FE53500F4146" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB551C8FE53536C43EF" box="[199,303,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB55032FE5253D243EE" box="[317,401,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: The length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB553A4FE52510043EF" box="[683,835,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="9.25" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="8.0">8 to 10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The specimens from Nikko are paler than those from other areas, with the black marks on the postocellar area, metapostnotum, and abdominal terga 1 and 2 often reduced or missing. The length/width ratio of the postocellar area ranges from 0.94 to 1.20 (average 1.07) and the ratio of the depth of ventral incision of the clypeus to the entire length of the clypeus ranges from 0.52 to 0.61 (average 0.57).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB55049FDE253C3409E" box="[326,384,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Male</emphasis>
|
||
: The length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB55395FDE3514C409F" box="[666,783,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The color pattern is fairly stable in Tochigi specimens but the specimens from other areas often have more dark marks as follows. The black ocellar spot is often extended onto the anterior part of the postocellar area. The sunken areas of the mesoscutal and metascutal lateral lobes as well as the metapostnotum are often largely or entirely black. The dorsal surface of each abdominal tergum sometimes has paired lateral dark brownish marks. The length/width ratio of the postocellar area ranges from 1 to 1.18 (average 1.08) and the ratio of the depth of ventral incision of the clypeus to the entire length of the clypeus ranges from 0.52 to 0.65 (average 0.6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322653B8A45FFB551C8FCE956654413" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A45FFB551C8FCE956654413" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB551C8FCE95384419B" bold="true" box="[199,455,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A45FFB550C2FCE65046419B" box="[461,517,872,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material:
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A45FFB55378FCE950A7419B" box="[631,740,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: ♀, “
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55212FCE951E1419B" box="[797,930,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1932-05-26">26. V. 1932</date>
|
||
, Mt. Sobo, Takeuchi” (OPU).
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A45FFB555F9FCE65724419B" box="[1270,1383,872,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: 1♀, “
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB551ABFC02536241BE" box="[164,289,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1951-05-03">3. V. 1951</date>
|
||
, Yanase, Tosa, Takeuchi” “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A45FFB5536AFC03518B41BE" authority="Take." authorityName="Take." box="[613,968,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Taxonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB5536AFC03513F41BE" box="[613,892,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Taxonus nigromaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
Take.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A45FFB552D8FC02567F41BF" box="[983,1084,908,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
” (OPU; in fig. 848,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A45FFB55439FC02529041D3" author="Takeuchi" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1955) Coloured Illustrations of the Insects of Japan. Vol. II. Hoikusha, Osaka. 190 pp., 68 plates. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1955">Takeuchi 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); 1♀, “
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55039FC3E539B41D3" box="[310,472,944,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1937-06-12">12. VI. 1937</date>
|
||
, Mt. Kanmuri, Hiroshima, Takeuchi / Coll. T. Nakanisi [underside]” “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A45FFB5544FFC3F53D141F6" authority="Take." authorityName="Take." class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Taxonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB5544FFC3F530541F6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Taxonus nigromaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
Take.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A45FFB550AEFC5A504541F7" box="[417,518,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
” “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A45FFB55327FC5A560041F6" authority="Takeuchi, 1952" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1952" box="[552,1091,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB55327FC5A513141F6" box="[552,882,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Emphytopsis nigromaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A45FFB5528AFC5A567841F6" author="Takeuchi" box="[901,1083,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1952) New and unrecorded sawflies from Shikoku, Japan (II) (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 3, 47 - 54." type="journal article" year="1952">Takeuchi, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Det. M. Wei, 2010” (OPU). Other material: HONSHU—Tochigi Pref.:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB55380FC7650F0460B" box="[655,691,1016,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Nikko-meiho High School,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB55503FC79561A4614" box="[1036,1113,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="670.0">670 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., 3645’03
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946BAB538A45FFB555F8FC795720460B" box="[1271,1379,1015,1040]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N13934" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="EnaNcbi">N 13934</accessionNumber>
|
||
’42E, Kujira-machi, Nikko-shi, one of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB55300FB925039462E" box="[527,634,1052,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="larva">25 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
coll.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB553B2FB92511F462F" box="[701,860,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2008-07-23">23. VII. 2008</date>
|
||
, mat.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB552ACFB925669462F" box="[931,1066,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1923-07-28">23–28. VII.</date>
|
||
, em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55565FB9256A6462F" box="[1130,1253,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-02">2. V. 2009</date>
|
||
, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A45FFB5543EFB9353EC4643" authority="T. Saito" authorityName="T. Saito" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB5543EFB9353044643" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
, T. Saito
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 1♀, same data but em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB553B2FBCE51704643" box="[701,819,1088,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-07">7. V. 2009</date>
|
||
; 1♀, same data but em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5554DFBCE56864643" box="[1090,1221,1088,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-11">11. V. 2009</date>
|
||
; 1♀, same data but em.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB551C9FBEA530A4667" box="[198,329,1124,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-14">14. V. 2009</date>
|
||
; 1♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB5507CFBEA53DF4667" box="[371,412,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55349FBEA508B4667" box="[582,712,1124,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-11">11. V. 2009</date>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A45FFB553FBFBEB563F4666" authority="T. Saito" authorityName="T. Saito" box="[756,1148,1124,1149]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB553FBFBEB56564666" box="[756,1045,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
, T. Saito
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB555A4FBEA568D4667" box="[1195,1230,1124,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55476FBEA52B346BB" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-12">12. V. 2009</date>
|
||
; 6♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB55012FB09530146BB" box="[285,322,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">7♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB550FEFB06503746BB" box="[497,628,1160,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-13">13. V. 2009</date>
|
||
; 2♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5525DFB06519546BB" box="[850,982,1160,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-14">14. V. 2009</date>
|
||
; 1♀, Bambi Farm,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB555A3FB0656B046BB" box="[1196,1267,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., 3646’58
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946BAB538A45FFB55488FB0952A146DF" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/N14010" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="EnaNcbi">N 14010</accessionNumber>
|
||
’29E, Wami, Nakagawa-machi,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5534AFB2250FF46DF" box="[581,700,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2012-05-09">9. V. 2012</date>
|
||
, Malaise trap, S. Ibuki; 1♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB555AFFB22576646DF" box="[1184,1317,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2012-05-12">12. V. 2012</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB5543EFB22571546DF" box="[1329,1366,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB551F9FB5E533B46F3" box="[246,376,1232,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2012-05-13">13. V. 2012</date>
|
||
; 2♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5535CFB41509646F3" box="[595,725,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2012-05-16">16. V. 2012</date>
|
||
; 1♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB552A0FB5E567146F3" box="[943,1074,1232,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2012-05-20">20. V. 2012</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB55532FB5E562246F3" box="[1085,1121,1232,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55403FB5E57D446F3" box="[1292,1431,1232,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2013-04-29">29. IV. 2013</date>
|
||
; 2♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55062FB7A53B04717" box="[365,499,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2014-05-12">12. V. 2014</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB550F0FB7A50624717" box="[511,545,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB553DBFB7A51194717" box="[724,858,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2014-05-14">14. V. 2014</date>
|
||
; 1♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55533FB7A56814717" box="[1084,1218,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2014-05-17">17. V. 2014</date>
|
||
; 1♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55198FA965367472B" box="[151,292,1304,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2014-05-20">20. V. 2014</date>
|
||
; 1♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB55058FA965339472B" box="[343,378,1304,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55333FA96508A472B" box="[572,713,1304,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2014-05-22">22. V. 2014</date>
|
||
; 1♀, same data but
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB552B2FA965608472B" box="[957,1099,1304,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2014-05-29">29. V. 2014</date>
|
||
. Tokyo Met.: 1♀, Yagisawa, Nishitokyo,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5502EFAB253EC474F" box="[289,431,1340,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2013-04-30">30. IV. 2013</date>
|
||
, T. Keino. Kanagawa Pref.: 1♀
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB55206FAB25172474F" box="[777,817,1340,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Hakone,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB552AAFAB2566B474F" box="[933,1064,1340,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1974-06-02">2. VI. 1974</date>
|
||
, A. Shinohara; 1♀, Komagatake, Hakone,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB551F2FAEE53D44763" box="[253,407,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="1200.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100–1300 m</quantity>
|
||
alt.,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB550DFFAD150174763" box="[464,596,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2004-06-05">5. VI. 2004</date>
|
||
, H. Nagase;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB553EAFAEE514A4763" box="[741,777,1376,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Mikunitoge,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB552A7FAEE51B74763" box="[936,1012,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</quantity>
|
||
alt.,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55521FAD156F04763" box="[1070,1203,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2002-05-25">25. V. 2002</date>
|
||
, H. Nagase;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB5544CFAEE57244763" box="[1347,1383,1376,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Mt. Hirugatake,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB5502DFA0A53334786" box="[290,368,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.672" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="1672.0">1672m</quantity>
|
||
alt.,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB550A6FA0A506E4787" box="[425,557,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1998-05-23">23. V. 1998</date>
|
||
, M. Kato. Ishikawa Pref.: 1♀, Mt. Dainichi,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55529FA0A56FB4787" box="[1062,1208,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1977-06-16">16. VI. 1977</date>
|
||
, I. Togashi;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB5544CFA0A572B4787" box="[1347,1384,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Mt. Shiritaka, Tsurugi,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5507FFA26504747DB" box="[368,516,1448,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1984-06-24">24. VI. 1984</date>
|
||
, I. Togashi. Shiga Pref.:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB5522FFA26510147DB" box="[800,834,1448,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, “Mt. Hira, June, 1929, Coll. C. Teranishi”; 1♀, Mt. Hirasan,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5500CFA4253D047FE" box="[259,403,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1957-06-03">3. VI. 1957</date>
|
||
, O. Sato. Nara Pref.: 1♀, Mt. Odaigahara,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB552A7FA42560847FE" box="[936,1099,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1957-08-09">9. VIII. 1957</date>
|
||
, O. Sato. Tottori Pref.: 1♀, Yokotemichi,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB5503BFA7E53CA4413" box="[308,393,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
alt., W. slope of Mt. Daisen,
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB553DDFA61513C4413" box="[722,895,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2000-05-20" valueMax="2000-05-25" valueMin="2000-05-20">20–25. V. 2000</date>
|
||
, A. Shinohara.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322653B8A45FFB751C8F99A571D45F5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A45FFB551C8F99A50B34436" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,752,1556,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB551C8F99A53234436" bold="true" box="[199,352,1556,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32F76208A45FFB55068F99B53E44437" box="[359,423,1557,1580]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A45FFB551C8F9B951AC444B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1007,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB551C8F9B95308444B" bold="true" box="[199,331,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A45FFB5505DF9B95383444B" box="[338,448,1591,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A45FFB550C4F9B65108444B" authority="Maxim." authorityName="Maxim." box="[459,843,1591,1616]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB550C4F9B650AF444B" box="[459,748,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
Maxim.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(New record.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A45FFB551C8F9D2565D4556" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB551C8F9D250C3446E" box="[199,640,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Field observations and rearing records</emphasis>
|
||
. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB553B6F9D25116446F" box="[697,853,1628,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2008-07-22">July 22, 2008</date>
|
||
, Saito first found the sawfly larvae on the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A45FFB55198F90E53F84483" box="[151,443,1663,1688]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudocamellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A45FFB55198F90E53F84483" box="[151,443,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Stewartia pseudocamellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the campus of Nikko-meiho High School in Kujira Town, at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB55444F9F157D44483" box="[1355,1431,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="670.0">670 m</quantity>
|
||
, Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55331F92A508044A6" box="[574,707,1700,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1925-07-23">
|
||
July 23,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD398A45FFB553A8F92A508044A6" box="[679,707,1700,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="larva">25</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
larvae were collected and reared in a container. Three larvae executed extra molt and became prepupae on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55394F94950AC44FB" box="[667,751,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1923-07">July 23</date>
|
||
, eight larvae did the same on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5554FF94956D744FB" box="[1088,1172,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1924-07">July 24</date>
|
||
, five larvae on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5544CF94957D444FB" box="[1347,1431,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1925-07">July 25</date>
|
||
, five larvae on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55033F96253D2451E" box="[316,401,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1926-07">July 26</date>
|
||
, three larvae on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55340F96250E0451F" box="[591,675,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1927-07">July 27</date>
|
||
and one larva on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5527EF9625188451F" box="[881,971,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">July 28.</date>
|
||
All the prepupae went into the soil soon after the extra molt. In the soil, the prepupa made an earthen cell and stayed inside. One male adult emerged on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55198F8BB536B4557" box="[151,296,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-02">May 2, 2009</date>
|
||
, and one female adult each emerged on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB553E7F8BB51C64557" box="[744,901,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">May 7 and 14</date>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A45FFB651C8F8D752BE42CF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
From
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55003F8D753B0456B" box="[268,499,1879,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2009-05-11" valueMax="2009-05-25" valueMin="2009-05-11">May 11 to 25, 2009</date>
|
||
, adults were found gathering on the foliage of the host plant in the same locality. They were active already at 7:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A45FFB550E6F8F25064458E" box="[489,551,1916,1941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
|
||
the morning. Saito first found feeding young larvae on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB55590F8F356B5458F" box="[1183,1270,1916,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1914-05">May 14</date>
|
||
and they were numerous on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5503DF82F53C145A3" box="[306,386,1952,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">June 2.</date>
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB550BAF82F504C45A3" box="[437,527,1952,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="2012-06">June 12</date>
|
||
, several larvae were put in a rearing container; one larva became a prepupa and went into the soil on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5509DF84B53AF45C7" box="[402,492,1988,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1927-06">June 27</date>
|
||
and one larva each on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB5520EF84A51D145C7" box="[769,914,1988,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">July 1 and 2</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A45FFB552AAF84A51A445C7" box="[933,999,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B), respectively. On
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A45FFB555D4F84A571745C6" box="[1243,1364,1988,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" value="1915-08">August 15</date>
|
||
, Saito examined the earthen cells in the soil in the container. The cells were made of hardened soil and measured about 5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B558A46FFB651A2FF3252BA42CF" box="[173,249,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="10.0">10mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4766388A46FFB65198F82C571645EE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252158/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" targetBox="[151,1431,265,1922]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A46FFB65198F82C571645EE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1954,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A46FFB65198F82C535B45AC" bold="true" box="[151,280,1954,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A46FFB6502CF82C500745A3" box="[291,580,1954,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A46FFB6502CF82C500745A3" box="[291,580,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Emphytopsis nigromaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lances and lancets, Mt. Sobo, Kyushu, holotype, (A–D) and Yanase, Shikoku, paratype (E–H).—A, E, Whole lances and lancets; B, F, 1st to 5th serrulae; C, 7th to 11th serrulae; D, apex of lance and lancet, showing12th to terminal serrulae; G, 5th to 10th serrulae; H, apex of lance and lancet, showing13th to terminal serrulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4766388A47FFB75198F96450094526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252159/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1731]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A47FFB75198F96450094526" blockId="7.[151,1435,1770,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A47FFB75198F964535044E4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1770,1792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A47FFB75014F964507B451B" box="[283,568,1770,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A47FFB75014F964507B451B" box="[283,568,1770,1792]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Emphytopsis nigromaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lancets, Honshu, Nakagawa (A–D) and Nikko (E–G).—A, E, Whole lancets; B, 1st to 5th serrulae; C, 6th to 10th serrulae; D, apex of lancet, showing 11th to terminal serrulae; F, 1st to 3rd serrulae; G, apical part of lancet, showing 4th to terminal serrulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A47FFB751C8F8E757404599" blockId="7.[151,1436,1897,2030]" box="[199,1283,1897,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
Saito also observed the occurrence of a large number of larvae at the same site on
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A47FFB75550F8E456BC4599" box="[1119,1279,1897,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" value="2010-06-26">June 26, 2010</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A47FFB751C8F803571D45F5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1897,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
The egg is laid into the tissue on the underside of a leaf, one egg per leaf. The larva is solitary. The young larva infests surface tissues on the underside of the leaf eventually making a small round hole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A47FFB75574F83F56F945D1" box="[1147,1210,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D), whereas the late instar larva also eats margins of the leaves (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A358A47FFB753B4F85B50B845F5" box="[699,763,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[205,1355,195,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[205,1356,195,1814]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Emphytopsis nigromaculata, Nikko (A – E) and E. vernalis, Kanuma (F – K). — A, Last feeding instar larva, July 2, 2009; B, prepupa, July 2, 2009; C, middle instar larva, June 14, 2009; D, damages of a leaf of Stewartia pseudocamellia by early to middle instar larvae, June 14, 2009; E, adult female, May 17, 2009; F, last feeding instar larva, June 15, 2008; G, prepupa, June 12, 2009; H, prepupa just after extra molt and cast skin, June 17, 2008; I, damages of leaves of S. pseudocamellia by late instar larvae, June 15, 2008; J, two eggs deposited in a young leaf of S. pseudocamellia, May 1, 2012; K, adult female, April 19, 2009. All digital images taken by T. Saito." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252156/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A47FFB753E0F85850B845F5" box="[751,763,2006,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">1</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). The prepupa is quite active before entering the soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322653B8A48FFB851C8FF19533A43B6" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A48FFB851C8FF19503642E3" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A48FFB851C8FF19537842AB" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A48FFB853D1FF1751C842AB" box="[734,907,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flatoserrula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A48FFB853D1FF1751C842AB" box="[734,907,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">E. flatoserrula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A48FFB852D8FF17563A42AB" box="[983,1145,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shinoharai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A48FFB852D8FF17563A42AB" box="[983,1145,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">E. shinoharai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The three species are distinguishable mainly by the shape of the lancet of the ovipositor as shown in the key. The male is known only for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A48FFB85198FF6F531942E3" box="[151,346,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A48FFB85198FF6F531942E3" box="[151,346,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">E. nigromaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among the three species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736B08A48FFB851C8FE8B533A43B6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D338A48FFB851C8FE8B53994306" box="[199,474,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Taxonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAA28A48FFB851C8FE8B53994306" box="[199,474,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Taxonus nigromaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from three females, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A48FFB85297FE8A51B94306" box="[920,1018,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Kyushu and one
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A48FFB8540FFE8B57224306" box="[1280,1377,261,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
each from Shikoku and Honshu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B418A48FFB850DCFEA950C4435B" author="Takeuchi" box="[467,647,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1952) New and unrecorded sawflies from Shikoku, Japan (II) (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 3, 47 - 54." type="journal article" year="1952">Takeuchi, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Takeuchi’s collection, we found three females, two of which had the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A48FFB851CFFEC35363437E" box="[192,288,333,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
labels. The remaining female is labeled “
|
||
<date id="FF8610708A48FFB853FBFEC25139437F" box="[756,890,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" value="1932-05-26">26. V. 1932</date>
|
||
, Mt. Sobo, Takeuchi” and had no
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A48FFB855F7FEC3576B437E" box="[1272,1320,333,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">type</typeStatus>
|
||
labels but it is doubtless the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A48FFB8506CFEE1538B4393" box="[355,456,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, because its collection data perfectly agree with those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548388128A48FFB8557AFEE156944393" box="[1141,1239,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
mentioned in the original description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |