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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFFBFFDFFF1ABD8B6325FA00" ID-CoL="56JGF" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[151,559,1468,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Tholymis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tillarga">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFBFFDFFF1ABD8B6325FA00" bold="true" box="[151,559,1468,1495]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFBFFDFFF1ABD8B6054FA00" bold="true" box="[151,350,1468,1495]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Tholymis tillarga</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFFBFFDFFEE1BD8B632CFA00" author="Fabricius, J." box="[364,550,1468,1495]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref32210" refString="Fabricius, J. (1798) Entomologia systematica emandata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus descriptionibus. Vol. 5. apud Proft et Storch, Hafniae, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
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)
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFFFBFFDFFF1ABE1262E6F9E9" blockId="91.[151,1004,1573,1598]" box="[151,1004,1573,1598]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB28AF40FFFBFFDFFF1ABE1262E6F9E9" box="[151,1004,1573,1598]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFFBFFDFFF1ABE126314F9E9" ID-CoL="9WVFT" authority="Fabricius, 1798: 285" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="285" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,542,1573,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Libellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tillarga">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFBFFDFFF1ABE12604EF9EA" box="[151,324,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Libellula tillarga</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A99AE7FFFFBFFDFFEC7BE126314F9E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5518673" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5518673" author="Fabricius, J." box="[330,542,1573,1598]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87A2422AC67A1D0B8B5A7BBA6613" page="285" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1798">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFFBFFDFFEC7BE126314F9E9" author="Fabricius, J." box="[330,542,1573,1598]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref32210" refString="Fabricius, J. (1798) Entomologia systematica emandata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus descriptionibus. Vol. 5. apud Proft et Storch, Hafniae, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798: 285</bibRefCitation>
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;
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFFBFFDFFDA4BE1262E2F9E9" ID-CoL="7BWFG" authority="Singh &amp; Baijal, 1954" authorityName="Singh &amp; Baijal" authorityYear="1954" box="[553,1000,1573,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Tholymis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paratillarga">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFBFFDFFDA4BE12620DF9EA" box="[553,775,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Tholymis paratillarga</emphasis>
Singh &amp; Baijal, 1954
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.
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFFFBFFDFFF1ABE5C60F2F8C1" blockId="91.[151,1437,1643,2030]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFBFFDFFF1ABE5C6023F951" bold="true" box="[151,297,1643,1670]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130394EBFFFBFFDFFEB4BE5B6090F951" box="[313,410,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 101" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1087,1112]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,166,1068]" captionTargetId="figure@94.[169,1418,166,1068]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 101. Records of Tholymis tillarga." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342436/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
). This species has a wide global distribution, being recorded from the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (including
<collectingCountry id="F32FC8FEFFFBFFDFFE2BBEA760E0F97D" box="[422,490,1680,1706]" name="Japan" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Japan</collectingCountry>
), northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F32FC8FEFFFBFFDFFD01BEA763F9F97D" box="[652,755,1680,1706]" name="Australia" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Australia</collectingCountry>
and various Pacific islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFFBFFDFFBBCBEA765B3F97D" author="Tsuda, S." box="[1073,1209,1680,1706]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref36559" refString="Tsuda, S. (2000) A distributional list of world Odonata. Osaka, Japan, 430 pp." type="book" year="2000">Tsuda 2000</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="F32FC8FEFFFBFFDFFB65BEA76492F97D" box="[1256,1432,1680,1706]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded from more than 15 localities.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFFBFFDFFD40BE836505F919" author="Winstanley, W. &amp; Davies, D." box="[717,1039,1716,1742]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="31" refId="ref36933" refString="Winstanley, W. &amp; Davies, D. (1983) Additions to the adventive Odonata of New Caledonia (Anisoptera). Notulae Odonatologicae, 2, 31." type="journal article" year="1983">Winstanley &amp; Davies (1983)</bibRefCitation>
records it from the Houaïlou River and from the municipality of Ouégoa and specimens collected in
<date id="FF86AEAEFFFBFFDFFCFFBEEF6512F925" box="[882,1048,1752,1778]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" value="2001" valueMax="2002">
2001 and
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in La Foa (Pocquereux valley) are kept in the
<collectionCode id="ED2910ABFFFBFFDFFE99BECB6071F8C1" box="[276,379,1788,1814]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">CXMNC</collectionCode>
collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87886EFFFBFFDFFF4ABF2860A3F889" blockId="91.[151,1437,1643,2030]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFBFFDFFF4ABF286020F8ED" bold="true" box="[199,298,1823,1850]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Habitat.</emphasis>
It occurs in swamps, ponds and lakes, including forests and very calm parts of running water habitats. It avoids ultramafic soil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B87886EFFFBFFD8FF4ABF50609FFF2C" blockId="91.[151,1437,1643,2030]" lastBlockId="92.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFBFFDFFF4ABF5060D4F855" bold="true" box="[199,478,1895,1922]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Biology and behaviour.</emphasis>
Its larva is illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFFBFFDFFC88BF5F62B5F855" author="Lieftinck, M." box="[773,959,1895,1922]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref33740" refString="Lieftinck, M. (1962) Insects of Micronesia. Insects Micronesia, 5, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1962">Lieftinck (1962)</bibRefCitation>
and we found exuviae in various parts of Grande Terre. Migratory and coloniser,
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFFBFFDFFDD2BFBB63C5F871" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[607,719,1932,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Libellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tillarga">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFBFFDFFDD2BFBB63C5F871" box="[607,719,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">T. tillarga</emphasis>
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flies mostly toward dusk, making its observation difficult, but the white pruinescence of the male wings appears luminous at twilight. In cloudy weather, it can fly as early as 14:3015:00. Often numerous, males patrol along banks of water bodies. They frequently inspect the banks by hovering at fixed points, looking for females laying their eggs in inconspicuous places along the banks. Females oviposit by touching the water surface or floating plants debris (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFFCFFD8FCEAB88A6556FF00" author="Miller, P. &amp; Miller, A." box="[871,1116,188,215]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="287 - 299" refId="ref34756" refString="Miller, P. &amp; Miller, A. (1985) Rates of oviposition and some other aspects of reproductive behaviour in Tholymis tillarga (Fabricius) in Kenya (Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Odonatologica, 14, 287 - 299." type="journal article" year="1985">Miller &amp; Miller 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFFCFFD8FBE5B88A640AFF0F" author="Grand, D." box="[1128,1280,189,216]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="67 - 75" refId="ref32471" refString="Grand, D. (2004 b) Compte-rendu d'un voyage odonatologique a l'ile de la Reunion. Martinia, 20, 67 - 75." type="journal article" year="2004">Grand 2004b</bibRefCitation>
). This species flies even in light rain.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFCFFD8FF1ABFFD602AF834" bold="true" box="[151,288,1994,2019]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">FIGURE 98.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFFCFFD8FEABBFFC6336F834" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1889" box="[294,572,1995,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Rhyothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="phyllis" subSpecies="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFCFFD8FEABBFFC6336F834" box="[294,572,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Rhyothemis phyllis apicalis</emphasis>
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: a) male, b) female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFFFDFFD9FF1ABC7463BDFB8C" blockId="93.[151,695,1091,1116]" box="[151,695,1091,1116]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFDFFD9FF1ABC74602AFB8B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1091,1116]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">FIGURE 99.</emphasis>
Records of
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFDFFD9FE16BC7463BBFB8C" box="[411,689,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Rhyothemis phyllis apicalis</emphasis>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFFFDFFD9FF1ABFE4632CF83B" blockId="93.[151,550,2003,2028]" box="[151,550,2003,2028]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFDFFD9FF1ABFE46027F83B" bold="true" box="[151,301,2003,2028]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">FIGURE 100.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFFDFFD9FEBEBFE460EBF83C" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[307,481,2003,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Tholymis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tillarga">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFDFFD9FEBEBFE460EBF83C" box="[307,481,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Tholymis tillarga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF47D8E6FFFEFFDAFF1ABC086356FB80" box="[151,604,1087,1112]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342436/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" startId="94.[151,250,1087,1112]" targetBox="[169,1418,166,1068]" targetPageId="94">
<paragraph id="8B87886EFFFEFFDAFF1ABC086356FB80" blockId="94.[151,604,1087,1112]" box="[151,604,1087,1112]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFEFFDAFF1ABC086027FB8F" bold="true" box="[151,301,1087,1112]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">FIGURE 101.</emphasis>
Records of
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFFEFFDAFE2ABC77635CFB8F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[423,598,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Tholymis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tillarga">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFEFFDAFE2ABC77635CFB8F" box="[423,598,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Tholymis tillarga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B87886EFFFEFFDAFF4ABCB26095FB12" blockId="94.[151,1436,1157,1221]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFEFFDAFF4ABCB26013FB77" bold="true" box="[199,281,1157,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Status.</emphasis>
Because of its crepuscular habits,
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFFEFFDAFD12BCB06204FB77" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[671,782,1158,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Tholymis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tillarga">
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFFEFFDAFD12BCB06204FB77" box="[671,782,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">T. tillarga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easy to miss, but it is much more common than records suggest. We rank it NT.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>