197 lines
21 KiB
XML
197 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="494C90D84D6D8DF9CA696109E83E34B5">Distribution, habitats, phenology and conservation of New Caledonian Odonata</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B693ACE3CB667C6E1379FED67B5BD2A">Grand, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="198226D6AB42F1122D90B48718318EF2">Theuerkauf, Jörn</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF7FFD3FF1ABEC1635EF8C7" ID-CoL="4CGSL" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[151,596,1782,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Pantala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF7FFD3FF1ABEC1635EF8C7" bold="true" box="[151,596,1782,1809]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF7FFD3FF1ABEC16073F8C6" bold="true" box="[151,377,1782,1809]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pantala flavescens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF7FFD3FE05BEC16346F8C7" author="Fabricius, J." box="[392,588,1782,1808]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref32210" refString="Fabricius, J. (1798) Entomologia systematica emandata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus descriptionibus. Vol. 5. apud Proft et Storch, Hafniae, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C322DBE5FFF7FFD3FF1ABF2C61F3F8E2" box="[151,249,1819,1845]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFFF7FFD3FF1ABF2C61F3F8E2" blockId="87.[151,596,1782,1845]" box="[151,249,1819,1845]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130394EBFFF7FFD3FF2DBF2C61FBF8E2" box="[160,241,1819,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 94" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1039,1064]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1436,166,1019]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 94. Pantala flavescens, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342422/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322DBE5FFF7FFD3FF1ABF6865D0F841" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFFF7FFD3FF1ABF6865D0F841" blockId="87.[151,1437,1886,1942]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB28AF40FFF7FFD3FF1ABF6865D0F841" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF7FFD3FF1ABF686335F8A0" ID-CoL="6Q8QF" authority="Fabricius, 1798: 285" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="285" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,575,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Libellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF7FFD3FF1ABF686068F8A0" box="[151,354,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Libellula flavescens</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A99AE7FFFF7FFD3FEE4BF696335F8A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5518665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5518665" author="Fabricius, J." box="[361,575,1886,1911]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87A2422AC67A1D0F80A67B086E6F" page="285" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1798">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF7FFD3FEE4BF696335F8A0" author="Fabricius, J." box="[361,575,1886,1911]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref32210" refString="Fabricius, J. (1798) Entomologia systematica emandata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus descriptionibus. Vol. 5. apud Proft et Storch, Hafniae, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798: 285</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF7FFD3FDC6BF6862ADF8A0" ID-CoL="9X3DX" authority="Beauvois, 1805" authorityName="Beauvois" authorityYear="1805" box="[587,935,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Libellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridula">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF7FFD3FDC6BF6863F7F8A0" box="[587,765,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Libellula viridula</emphasis>
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Beauvois, 1805
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF7FFD3FC3FBF68643CF8A0" ID-CoL="9WYX3" authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[946,1334,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Libellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF7FFD3FC3FBF686576F8A0" box="[946,1148,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Libellula terminalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF7FFD3FB0EBF69643CF8A0" author="Burmeister, H." box="[1155,1334,1886,1911]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="757 - 1050" refId="ref31397" refString="Burmeister, H. (1839) Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band. Besondere Entomologie. Enslin, Berlin, pp. 757 - 1050." type="book chapter" year="1839">Burmeister, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF7FFD3FACCBF6860B4F841" ID-CoL="9X37L" authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Libellula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analis">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF7FFD3FACCBF68600FF841" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Libellula analis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF7FFD3FE86BF4A60B4F841" author="Burmeister, H." box="[267,446,1917,1942]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="757 - 1050" refId="ref31397" refString="Burmeister, H. (1839) Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band. Besondere Entomologie. Enslin, Berlin, pp. 757 - 1050." type="book chapter" year="1839">Burmeister, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF7FFD3FE45BF49627AF841" ID-CoL="9X3WM" authority="Singh & Baijal, 1955" authorityName="Singh & Baijal" authorityYear="1955" box="[456,880,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Orthetrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mathewi">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF7FFD3FE45BF496385F841" box="[456,655,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Orthetrum mathewi</emphasis>
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Singh & Baijal, 1955
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF7FFD3FCF7BF4965DCF841" ID-CoL="9X4DK" authority="Singh, 1955" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1955" box="[890,1238,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Sympetrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tandicola">
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||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF7FFD3FCF7BF496558F841" box="[890,1106,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Sympetrum tandicola</emphasis>
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Singh, 1955
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF47D8E6FFF8FFDCFF1ABC4762B1FB5E" box="[151,955,1136,1161]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342420/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[151,250,1136,1161]" targetBox="[160,1427,164,1114]" targetPageId="88">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFFF8FFDCFF1ABC4762B1FB5E" blockId="88.[151,955,1136,1161]" box="[151,955,1136,1161]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF8FFDCFF1ABC47602AFB5E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1136,1161]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 93.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF8FFDCFEABBC466324FB5E" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[294,558,1137,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Orthetrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosovittatum">
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||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF8FFDCFEABBC466324FB5E" box="[294,558,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Orthetrum villosovittatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, male, Solomon Islands (M. Marinov).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C322DBE5FFF8FFDCFF1ABCED6251F8E2" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFFF8FFDCFF1ABCED6071FA52" blockId="88.[151,1437,1242,1845]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF8FFDCFF1ABCED6023FB22" bold="true" box="[151,297,1242,1269]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Distribution</emphasis>
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="130394EBFFF8FFDCFEB4BCEC6087FB22" box="[313,397,1242,1269]" captionStart="FIGURE 95" captionStartId="89.[151,250,2018,2043]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1068,1996]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1436,1068,1996]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 95. Records of Pantala flavescens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342424/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
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). Expanding its range northward in the recent years, this pantropical species reached
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<collectingCountry id="F32FC8FEFFF8FFDCFAC5BCEC6496FB22" box="[1352,1436,1243,1269]" name="Canada" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Canada</collectingCountry>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF8FFDCFF12BCC8609AFACE" author="Pilon, J. - G. & Lagace, D." box="[159,400,1279,1306]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref35123" refString="Pilon, J. - G. & Lagace, D. (1998) Les Odonates du Quebec. Entomofaune du Quebec, Chicoutimi, 367 pp." type="book" year="1998">Pilon & Lagace 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
), eastern Siberia north of Vladivostok (D. Grand, unpubl. data) and the Balkans (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF8FFDCFA99BCC8649BFACE" author="Ober, S." box="[1300,1425,1279,1305]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="117 - 121" refId="ref34832" refString="Ober, S. (2008) First record of Pantala flavescens for the western Balkans (Odonata: Libellulidae). Libellula, 27, 117 - 121." type="journal article" year="2008">Ober 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In
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<collectingCountry id="F32FC8FEFFF8FFDCFF3BBD13606DFAEA" box="[182,359,1315,1342]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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, it is recorded from 40 localities and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF8FFDCFC81BD146296FAEA" author="Bigot, L." box="[780,924,1314,1341]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="317 - 329" refId="ref31010" refString="Bigot, L. (1985) Contribution a l'etude des peuplements littoraux et cotiers de la Nouvelle-Caledonie (Grand Terre, Ile des Pins) et d'une des iles Loyaute (Ouvea): premier inventaire entomologique. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 21, 317 - 329." type="journal article" year="1985">Bigot (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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||
reports it from Ouvéa. Some specimens, collected in
|
||
<quantity id="4CC0258BFFF8FFDCFF71BD70605BFAB6" box="[252,337,1351,1377]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.07746" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="1999.0">1999 in</quantity>
|
||
the Bourail municipality (Gouaro) and in
|
||
<quantity id="4CC0258BFFF8FFDCFCA8BD706273FAB6" box="[805,889,1351,1377]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.087619999999999" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="2003.0">2003 in</quantity>
|
||
La Foa (Pocquereux valley), are preserved in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2910ABFFF8FFDCFF1ABD5C61F4FA52" box="[151,254,1387,1413]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">CXMNC</collectionCode>
|
||
collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87886EFFF8FFDCFF4ABDB9604BFA25" blockId="88.[151,1437,1242,1845]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF8FFDCFF4ABDB96020FA7E" bold="true" box="[199,298,1422,1449]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF8FFDCFEB8BDB8630DFA7E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[309,519,1423,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Pantala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">Pantala flavescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in a wide range of mostly sunny habitats, including coastal swamps, tempory pools, ponds and lakes, as well as slow open sections of rivers, streams and pools in torrents. It tolerates brackish water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87886EFFF8FFDCFF4ABDCD6206F8C5" blockId="88.[151,1437,1242,1845]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF8FFDCFF4ABDCD60D3F9C2" bold="true" box="[199,473,1530,1557]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Biology and behaviour.</emphasis>
|
||
Its larva, illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF8FFDCFD50BDCC629DF9C1" author="Lieftinck, M." box="[733,919,1531,1558]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref33740" refString="Lieftinck, M. (1962) Insects of Micronesia. Insects Micronesia, 5, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1962">Lieftinck (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, lives in diverse habitats, including those lacking aquatic vegetation and development is extemely rapid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF8FFDCFCBCBE2862F6F9EE" author="Corbet, P." box="[817,1020,1567,1593]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref31660" refString="Corbet, P. (1999) Dragonflies, Behaviour and ecology of Odonata. Harley Books, Essex, 829 pp." type="book" year="1999">Corbet 1999: 218</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Exuviae are found on any potential perch that emerges from the water. This highly migratory species is able to cross stretches of ocean of several hundred kilometres. Adults, which spend most of the day airborne, can be observed in urban areas, at higher altitudes or in forest clearings, typically flying comparably high and sometimes forming vast feeding swarms. Males are moderately territorial and mating takes place in flight at a height of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC0258BFFF8FFDCFC28BE9862E7F91D" box="[933,1005,1711,1738]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 m</quantity>
|
||
and lasts about a minute. The female oviposits alone, often at several well-separated sites, rapidly touching the water surface about a dozen times with the tip of her abdomen during each bout (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFFF8FFDCFDEBBEC0620AF8C5" author="Grand, D." box="[614,768,1783,1810]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="67 - 75" refId="ref32471" refString="Grand, D. (2004 b) Compte-rendu d'un voyage odonatologique a l'ile de la Reunion. Martinia, 20, 67 - 75." type="journal article" year="2004">Grand 2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87886EFFF8FFDCFF4ABF2D6251F8E2" blockId="88.[151,1437,1242,1845]" box="[199,859,1818,1845]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF8FFDCFF4ABF2D6013F8E2" bold="true" box="[199,281,1818,1845]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Status.</emphasis>
|
||
Without known threats,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFF8FFDCFDA0BF2B63B6F8E2" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[557,700,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Pantala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFF8FFDCFDA0BF2B63B6F8E2" box="[557,700,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is ranked LC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |