395 lines
55 KiB
XML
395 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="C35C4D6720A03F5F141503BEE5CC8864" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5431.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10898107" ID-ZooBank="4E009D84-E49A-4544-BAA3-B91E603FB0BC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1711817004178" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="POORANI, J." docDate="2024" docId="03887A7BD70DFF8793CD4689FE44FB37" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5431.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5431 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5431.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.18:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="18" docTitle="Aspidimerini Weise 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFB10203D709FF8F935A432FFF8EFFF2" masterDocTitle="An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 3. Tribe Aspidimerini" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1711817711298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="26BB800FDD0E5A99CDC0525DDDA5C428" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8AE1F81B45C7546892F00B2FBBF00835">
|
||
<mods:title id="32AD982C051927A065AB88BA23EE4967">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 3. Tribe Aspidimerini</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="958025E58DD7D7CD824F617A1A4DE6E7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B79B1208E78068E47F14AFC64C7693E7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5D5B42F6F9E8D87F6444CA63EB8845AE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B963F15C1DD0A7DB556FF5483CBF5CE7">POORANI, J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A1429BD52E0D256CAA7C2E2811BC0798">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="6B3D811A5A5BD9E5379281CFBB516A53" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="0FF231976518830E9DBCD068A73AA641">
|
||
<mods:title id="AF61F1B9E6D11133259CD8475A033814">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="2222152AA3A6425FECF072FF4317967D">
|
||
<mods:date id="917F82E6CF77BE287F811D45FA566B6B">2024</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8C9C4FF4DB76D12771A22BA0F19AA8A4" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="38629AF634D946A956D7C53DA0A39136">2024-03-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="31FEA47973A076B6F315C50024BAC75A" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="B891B8284A653357D8DDA9A547242B0C">5431</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8E56A2EF5BC1B5A28095B8DC3C6869CA" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="55A527070C8F78AA06F895932AADF1BC">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1C85B1453152EC09995460B47534FA6B" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="DC158BC85B293204353CB430D6EC8537">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="21C864407662CB31D69E27556D22418D">89</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="CF9D84C57CA3E992B79F963566F856AF">
|
||
<mods:url id="C18D79F6574095DC7B7E1BB34E4C8D92">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5431.1.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C4BC141B4ECCA4B7C2BD04F269C7D356">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="04633DF3C97FB43F5C41D0BA0701843D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5431.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C16C5A21B577CAC5385FFBAED9BFA82D" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="69C3183C3BC86FDC82E59A73DD3E89AA" type="Zenodo-Dep">10898107</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B9C12B346837041F6EEA69BA15D25538" type="ZooBank">4E009D84-E49A-4544-BAA3-B91E603FB0BC</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03887A7BD70DFF8793CD4689FE44FB37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10898113" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03887A7BD70DFF8793CD4689FE44FB37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03887A7BD70DFF8793CD4689FE44FB37" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B98E6D70DFF8B93CD4689FD91FA32" box="[151,543,1446,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD70DFF8B93CD4689FD91FA32" blockId="4.[151,543,1446,1472]" box="[151,543,1446,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading id="D0D67C01D70DFF8B93CD4689FD91FA32" bold="true" box="[151,543,1446,1472]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70DFF8B93CD4689FD91FA32" bold="true" box="[151,543,1446,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70DFF8B93BB4689FD91FA32" authority="Weise, 1900" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[225,543,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">
|
||
Aspidimerini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0B69CD70DFF8B92D64689FD91FA32" author="Weise, J." box="[396,543,1446,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="417 - 448" refId="ref29876" refString="Weise, J. (1900) Coccinelliden aus Ceylon gesammelt von Dr. Horn. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 44, 417 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019000237" type="journal article" year="1900">Weise, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B98E6D70DFF8793CD46C7FE0EFEEF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD70DFF8793CD46C7FE0EFEEF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1512,2043]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70DFF8B93CD46C7FE9CF9F0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1512,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Body small to medium (1.62–5.00 mm), subrounded, short oval or oblong oval, dorsum moderately to strongly convex and densely pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B91014523FD47F9D4" box="[603,713,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,181,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[203,1384,181,1918]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Representative images of Aspidimerini: a. Pseudaspidimerus infuscatus Poorani; b. Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus (Thunberg); c. Pseudaspidimerus flaviceps (Walker); d, e. Cryptogonus quadriguttatus (Weise); f. Trigonocarinatus kapuri (Ghorpade); g, h. Cryptogonus complexus Kapur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898109/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1a–h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes finely faceted with interfacetal setae, margined by narrow lateral expansions of head capsule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B9173451FFD12F9B8" box="[553,668,1584,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[214,1373,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Cryptogonus; b. head, Pseudaspidimerus; c. antenna, Cryptogonus; d. antenna, Pseudaspidimerus; e. mandible, Pseudaspidimerus; f. labium, Cryptogonus; g. maxilla, Cryptogonus; h. maxilla, Pseudaspidimerus; i. prosternal process, Pseudaspidimerus; j. prosternal process, Cryptogonus; k. abdomen, Cryptogonus; l. abdominal postcoxal line, Cryptogonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B91F3451FFD48F9B8" box="[681,710,1584,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus (Thunberg); b–g. prosternal process in genera of Aspidimerini: b. Cryptogonus quadriguttatus (Weise), c. Cryptogonus hainanensis Pang et Mao; d. Trigonocarinatus kapuri (Ghorpade); e. Pseudaspidimerus flaviceps (Walker); f. Pseudaspidimerus infuscatus Poorani; g. Aspidimerus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B900C451FFC4DF9B8" box="[854,963,1584,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[214,1373,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Cryptogonus; b. head, Pseudaspidimerus; c. antenna, Cryptogonus; d. antenna, Pseudaspidimerus; e. mandible, Pseudaspidimerus; f. labium, Cryptogonus; g. maxilla, Cryptogonus; h. maxilla, Pseudaspidimerus; i. prosternal process, Pseudaspidimerus; j. prosternal process, Cryptogonus; k. abdomen, Cryptogonus; l. abdominal postcoxal line, Cryptogonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
) very short, with 9 antennomeres, elbowshaped, first two antennomeres largest, first broadly quadrate or ovate, second a little smaller and subtriangular, remaining antennomeres gradually enlarged towards middle, forming a spindle shaped flagellum. Mandible apically bifid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B938645B3FEA1F944" box="[220,303,1692,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[214,1373,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Cryptogonus; b. head, Pseudaspidimerus; c. antenna, Cryptogonus; d. antenna, Pseudaspidimerus; e. mandible, Pseudaspidimerus; f. labium, Cryptogonus; g. maxilla, Cryptogonus; h. maxilla, Pseudaspidimerus; i. prosternal process, Pseudaspidimerus; j. prosternal process, Cryptogonus; k. abdomen, Cryptogonus; l. abdominal postcoxal line, Cryptogonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E5058FD70DFF8B921E45B2FE2DF945" box="[324,419,1693,1719]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mentum</collectingRegion>
|
||
obcordiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B911D45B3FD16F944" box="[583,664,1692,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[214,1373,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Cryptogonus; b. head, Pseudaspidimerus; c. antenna, Cryptogonus; d. antenna, Pseudaspidimerus; e. mandible, Pseudaspidimerus; f. labium, Cryptogonus; g. maxilla, Cryptogonus; h. maxilla, Pseudaspidimerus; i. prosternal process, Pseudaspidimerus; j. prosternal process, Cryptogonus; k. abdomen, Cryptogonus; l. abdominal postcoxal line, Cryptogonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B904E45B3FC0DF944" box="[788,899,1692,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[214,1373,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Cryptogonus; b. head, Pseudaspidimerus; c. antenna, Cryptogonus; d. antenna, Pseudaspidimerus; e. mandible, Pseudaspidimerus; f. labium, Cryptogonus; g. maxilla, Cryptogonus; h. maxilla, Pseudaspidimerus; i. prosternal process, Pseudaspidimerus; j. prosternal process, Cryptogonus; k. abdomen, Cryptogonus; l. abdominal postcoxal line, Cryptogonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD96688D70DFF8B901345B3FCE9F944" box="[841,871,1692,1718]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="g" value="2.0">2g</quantity>
|
||
, h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) with cardo laterally expanded to some degree, maxillary palpomeres progressively transverse, terminal palpomere strongly transverse with its apical margin oblique. Prosternum evenly convex, carinae wide apart and anteriorly divergent, area between carinae convex and anteriorly widened to form a chin band (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B91004427FD24F8D0" box="[602,682,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus (Thunberg); b–g. prosternal process in genera of Aspidimerini: b. Cryptogonus quadriguttatus (Weise), c. Cryptogonus hainanensis Pang et Mao; d. Trigonocarinatus kapuri (Ghorpade); e. Pseudaspidimerus flaviceps (Walker); f. Pseudaspidimerus infuscatus Poorani; g. Aspidimerus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD96688D70DFF8B91D44427FD24F8D0" box="[654,682,1800,1826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) (or) prosternum flat at least on the sides external to carinae, which always meet and enclose a flat area, prosternal process more or less quadrate, lies at a slightly but distinctly higher level than lateral parts of prosternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B9160447FFD07F898" box="[570,649,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[214,1373,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Cryptogonus; b. head, Pseudaspidimerus; c. antenna, Cryptogonus; d. antenna, Pseudaspidimerus; e. mandible, Pseudaspidimerus; f. labium, Cryptogonus; g. maxilla, Cryptogonus; h. maxilla, Pseudaspidimerus; i. prosternal process, Pseudaspidimerus; j. prosternal process, Cryptogonus; k. abdomen, Cryptogonus; l. abdominal postcoxal line, Cryptogonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2i</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B91CE447FFD4BF898" box="[660,709,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus (Thunberg); b–g. prosternal process in genera of Aspidimerini: b. Cryptogonus quadriguttatus (Weise), c. Cryptogonus hainanensis Pang et Mao; d. Trigonocarinatus kapuri (Ghorpade); e. Pseudaspidimerus flaviceps (Walker); f. Pseudaspidimerus infuscatus Poorani; g. Aspidimerus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
) (or) prosternal carinae variable in outline, area enclosed between them lying at the same level as the rest of prosternum, which is flat; area outside the carinae triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B967B445BFAE3F87C" box="[1313,1389,1908,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[214,1373,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Cryptogonus; b. head, Pseudaspidimerus; c. antenna, Cryptogonus; d. antenna, Pseudaspidimerus; e. mandible, Pseudaspidimerus; f. labium, Cryptogonus; g. maxilla, Cryptogonus; h. maxilla, Pseudaspidimerus; i. prosternal process, Pseudaspidimerus; j. prosternal process, Cryptogonus; k. abdomen, Cryptogonus; l. abdominal postcoxal line, Cryptogonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2j</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B9623445BFF2AF840" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus (Thunberg); b–g. prosternal process in genera of Aspidimerini: b. Cryptogonus quadriguttatus (Weise), c. Cryptogonus hainanensis Pang et Mao; d. Trigonocarinatus kapuri (Ghorpade); e. Pseudaspidimerus flaviceps (Walker); f. Pseudaspidimerus infuscatus Poorani; g. Aspidimerus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
) (or) prosternal process regular without a triangular fold with inverted Y-shaped carinae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B97D644B7FB51F840" box="[1164,1247,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[235,1351,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus (Thunberg); b–g. prosternal process in genera of Aspidimerini: b. Cryptogonus quadriguttatus (Weise), c. Cryptogonus hainanensis Pang et Mao; d. Trigonocarinatus kapuri (Ghorpade); e. Pseudaspidimerus flaviceps (Walker); f. Pseudaspidimerus infuscatus Poorani; g. Aspidimerus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B963544B7FF3BF824" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[214,1373,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Cryptogonus; b. head, Pseudaspidimerus; c. antenna, Cryptogonus; d. antenna, Pseudaspidimerus; e. mandible, Pseudaspidimerus; f. labium, Cryptogonus; g. maxilla, Cryptogonus; h. maxilla, Pseudaspidimerus; i. prosternal process, Pseudaspidimerus; j. prosternal process, Cryptogonus; k. abdomen, Cryptogonus; l. abdominal postcoxal line, Cryptogonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2k</figureCitation>
|
||
) with six visible ventrites, abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, posterior margin of ventrite 1 medially concave and strongly arched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D70DFF8B92DF44CFFE5AF808" box="[389,468,2016,2042]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[214,1373,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Aspidimerini: a. head, Cryptogonus; b. head, Pseudaspidimerus; c. antenna, Cryptogonus; d. antenna, Pseudaspidimerus; e. mandible, Pseudaspidimerus; f. labium, Cryptogonus; g. maxilla, Cryptogonus; h. maxilla, Pseudaspidimerus; i. prosternal process, Pseudaspidimerus; j. prosternal process, Cryptogonus; k. abdomen, Cryptogonus; l. abdominal postcoxal line, Cryptogonus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2l</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs with broad, plate-like femora, withdrawn into deep foveae on the ventral side, tarsal formula 3-3-3. Elytral epipleura deeply foveolate on level with middle and hind legs to receive femoral tips. Male genitalia with penis short and robust with a stout and undifferentiated capsule (or) slender and more elongate with a distinct capsule. Female genitalia with coxites transverse; spermatheca often distinctively shaped and species-specific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E9BE5D70CFF8A93CD44B8FD02F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10898109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898109/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[203,1384,181,1918]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD70CFF8A93CD44B8FD02F805" blockId="5.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70CFF8A93CD44B8FE80F85D" bold="true" box="[151,270,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
. Representative images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70CFF8A917E44B8FD20F85D" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[548,686,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70CFF8A918B44B8FBDDF85D" authority="Poorani" authorityName="Poorani" box="[721,1107,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infuscatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70CFF8A918B44B8FC77F85D" box="[721,1017,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudaspidimerus infuscatus</emphasis>
|
||
Poorani
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70CFF8A972244B8FE83F821" authority="(Thunberg)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70CFF8A972244B8FA13F85D" box="[1144,1437,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Thunberg)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70CFF8A926C4494FD37F821" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" box="[310,697,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70CFF8A926C4494FDDDF821" box="[310,595,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudaspidimerus flaviceps</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; d, e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70CFF8A91A44493FBF5F821" authority="(Weise)" baseAuthorityName="Weise" box="[766,1147,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70CFF8A91A44493FBAEF821" box="[766,1056,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cryptogonus quadriguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Weise)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70CFF8A97FB4493FE81F805" authority="(Ghorpade)" baseAuthorityName="Ghorpade" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Trigonocarinatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kapuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70CFF8A97FB4493FA12F821" box="[1185,1436,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trigonocarinatus kapuri</emphasis>
|
||
(Ghorpade)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; g, h.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70CFF8A921644CFFD02F805" authority="Kapur." authorityName="Kapur." box="[332,652,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complexus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70CFF8A921644CFFDCEF805" box="[332,576,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cryptogonus complexus</emphasis>
|
||
Kapur.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E9BE5D70FFF8993CD445BFDA5F80A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10898111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898111/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" targetBox="[227,1364,190,1873]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD70FFF8993CD445BFDA5F80A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1908,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF8993CD445BFE82F87E" bold="true" box="[151,268,1908,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF89914B445BFD15F87E" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[529,667,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a. head,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF8991AC445AFCF7F87E" box="[758,889,1909,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF8991AC445AFCF7F87E" box="[758,889,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; b. head,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF899080445BFB1AF87E" box="[986,1172,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF899080445BFB1AF87E" box="[986,1172,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudaspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; c. antenna,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF899648445AFA1BF87E" box="[1298,1429,1909,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF899648445AFA1BF87E" box="[1298,1429,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; d. antenna,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF89924A44B7FE44F842" box="[272,458,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF89924A44B7FE44F842" box="[272,458,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudaspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; e. mandible,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF89913A44B7FC94F842" box="[608,794,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF89913A44B7FC94F842" box="[608,794,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudaspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; f. labium,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF8990CF44B6FB96F842" box="[917,1048,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF8990CF44B6FB96F842" box="[917,1048,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; g. maxilla,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF8997C644B6FA91F842" box="[1180,1311,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF8997C644B6FA91F842" box="[1180,1311,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; h. maxilla,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF8993CD4493FEDFF826" box="[151,337,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF8993CD4493FEDFF826" box="[151,337,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudaspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; i. prosternal process,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF8991644493FD76F826" box="[574,760,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF8991644493FD76F826" box="[574,760,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudaspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; j. prosternal process,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF8990BE4492FBE9F826" box="[996,1127,1981,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF8990BE4492FBE9F826" box="[996,1127,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; k. abdomen,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF8997A74492FA0EF826" box="[1277,1408,1981,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF8997A74492FA0EF826" box="[1277,1408,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; l. abdominal postcoxal line,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70FFF8992F944CEFDA8F80A" box="[419,550,2017,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70FFF8992F944CEFDA8F80A" box="[419,550,2017,2040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cryptogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E9BE5D70EFF8893CD44B8FAD5F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10898115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898115/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[235,1351,181,1919]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD70EFF8893CD44B8FAD5F805" blockId="7.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70EFF8893CD44B8FE82F85D" bold="true" box="[151,268,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70EFF88914A44B8FD14F85D" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[528,666,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a. head,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70EFF8891AE44B8FB1CF85D" authority="(Thunberg)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" box="[756,1170,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70EFF8891AE44B8FB98F85D" box="[756,1046,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Thunberg)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; b–g. prosternal process in genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70EFF8893A14494FE0BF821" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[251,389,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70EFF8892FD4493FC92F821" authority="(Weise)" baseAuthorityName="Weise" box="[423,796,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70EFF8892FD4493FD4BF821" box="[423,709,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cryptogonus quadriguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Weise)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70EFF8890644493FB47F821" authority="Pang et Mao" authorityName="Pang et Mao" box="[830,1225,1979,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70EFF8890644493FBCEF821" box="[830,1088,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cryptogonus hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Pang et Mao
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; d.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70EFF8897B64493FED6F805" authority="(Ghorpade)" baseAuthorityName="Ghorpade" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Trigonocarinatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kapuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70EFF8897B64493FF57F805" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trigonocarinatus kapuri</emphasis>
|
||
(Ghorpade)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70EFF88922044F0FD79F805" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" box="[378,759,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70EFF88922044F0FD1AF805" box="[378,660,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudaspidimerus flaviceps</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70EFF88904C44F0FB1BF805" authority="Poorani" authorityName="Poorani" box="[790,1173,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infuscatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70EFF88904C44F0FBB3F805" box="[790,1085,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudaspidimerus infuscatus</emphasis>
|
||
Poorani
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED70EFF8897E344F0FAD5F805" box="[1209,1371,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Aspidimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD70EFF8897E344F0FAB6F805" box="[1209,1336,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B98E6D701FF87939D4209FAA0FCAF" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD701FF87939D4209FE3DFE97" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87939D4209FEEFFEB2" bold="true" box="[199,353,294,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This tribe is entirely Oriental/Asian in distribution and most of the described species are from south and southeast Asia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD701FF87939D4240FBF4FE7B" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1221]" box="[199,1146,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87939D4240FE18FE7B" bold="true" box="[199,406,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Immature stages.</emphasis>
|
||
The immature stages in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8791F24240FCB2FE7B" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[680,828,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are briefly described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD701FF87939D42BCFCB9FD77" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87939D42BCFE8FFE5F" bold="true" box="[199,257,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eggs</emphasis>
|
||
: Eggs of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF87928242BCFD2BFE5F" box="[472,677,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87928242BCFD2BFE5F" box="[472,677,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudaspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are elongate oval, dorsoventrally flattened and glued to the substrate by their entire long axis, usually on the leaf or other plant substrate on which the host aphid colony is feeding or in their vicinity. The eggs are dark greenish to brown with a narrow, translucent white border (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D701FF8797D642F4FB76FE07" box="[1164,1272,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE4. Representativeimages oflifestages ofAspidimerini:a–d.eggs of Pseudaspidimerusspp.; e. larvaofTrigonocarinatus kapuri; f. larva of Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus; g, h. pupae of Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4a–d</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are broad at the micropylar end and narrower posteriorly with a distinctly sculptured chorion. These eggs are easily mistaken for early instar soft scales and also resemble the eggs of many moths (Lepidoptera) which are often scale-like and glued to the substrate.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8792CB4168FD1CFD93" box="[401,658,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8792CB4168FDD0FD93" box="[401,606,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudaspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lay eggs singly or in small groups of 3–4 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0B69CD701FF8797334168FA8BFD93" author="Poorani, J." box="[1129,1285,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="312 - 314" refId="ref28656" refString="Poorani, J. (2020) A note on the unusual eggs of Pseudaspidimerus Kapur (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Aspidimerini), a genus of Oriental lady beetles. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 74 (2), 312 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 74.2.312" type="journal article" year="2020">Poorani 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Information on the eggs of other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8792B14144FDF1FD77" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[491,639,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD701FF87939D41A0FDBCFCE7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87939D41A0FE99FD5B" bold="true" box="[199,279,655,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF87928F41A0FDE7FD5B" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[469,617,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are remarkable among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8790D441A0FBA6FD5B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[910,1064,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a unique, scale-like appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D701FF87927E419CFE03FD3F" box="[292,397,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE4. Representativeimages oflifestages ofAspidimerini:a–d.eggs of Pseudaspidimerusspp.; e. larvaofTrigonocarinatus kapuri; f. larva of Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus; g, h. pupae of Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are typically elongate oval or elliptical in outline and look like soft scales (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF879646419CFA16FD3F" box="[1308,1432,691,717]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Sternorrhyncha:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF87920B41F8FE35FD03" box="[337,443,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with a dorsoventrally flattened body lacking spines, warts and other setose protuberances found in other tribes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0B69CD701FF8792D341D4FDA8FCE7" author="Poorani, J." box="[393,550,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="312 - 314" refId="ref28656" refString="Poorani, J. (2020) A note on the unusual eggs of Pseudaspidimerus Kapur (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Aspidimerini), a genus of Oriental lady beetles. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 74 (2), 312 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 74.2.312" type="journal article" year="2020">Poorani 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD701FF87939D4030FAA0FCAF" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87939D4030FE83FCCB" bold="true" box="[199,269,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8792294030FD8AFCCB" box="[371,516,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8792294030FD8AFCCB" box="[371,516,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cryptogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8791664030FC87FCCB" box="[572,777,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8791664030FC87FCCB" box="[572,777,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudaspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is small and dorsally densely setose and is attached to the substrate by the caudal end. Pupation takes place in the open either singly or in small groups (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D701FF8797E8406CFAAFFCAF" box="[1202,1313,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE4. Representativeimages oflifestages ofAspidimerini:a–d.eggs of Pseudaspidimerusspp.; e. larvaofTrigonocarinatus kapuri; f. larva of Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus; g, h. pupae of Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD96688D701FF8797BC406CFA8AFCAF" box="[1254,1284,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
|
||
, h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B98E6D701FF87939D4049FE44FB37" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD701FF87939D4049FAC0FC57" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87939D4049FEA9FC72" bold="true" box="[199,295,870,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Nearly all the known genera and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8790454048FC3DFC73" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[799,947,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be primarily aphidophagous (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D701FF8793CD40A4FF70FC57" box="[151,254,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE4. Representativeimages oflifestages ofAspidimerini:a–d.eggs of Pseudaspidimerusspp.; e. larvaofTrigonocarinatus kapuri; f. larva of Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus; g, h. pupae of Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898117/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
) and occasionally are also found associated with mealybugs, scales and whiteflies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0B69CD701FF8797FF40A4FACFFC57" author="Poorani, J." box="[1189,1345,907,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref28565" refString="Poorani, J. (2001) A review of the genus Pseudaspidimerus Kapur (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian region, with description of a new species. Oriental Insects, 35, 299 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2001.10417309" type="journal article" year="2001">Poorani 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD701FF87939D4080FF59FBC7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87939D4080FE1EFC3A" bold="true" box="[199,400,942,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Natural enemies.</emphasis>
|
||
Little information is available on the natural enemies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF87975B4080FB17FC3B" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1900" box="[1025,1177,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aspidimerini">Aspidimerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two pupal parasitoids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8793CD40FCFEDBFC1F" baseAuthorityName="Kerrich" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[151,341,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Cowperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8793CD40FCFEDBFC1F" box="[151,341,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cowperia indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF87923D40FCFE6AFC1F" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[359,484,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D701FF8792A740FCFDE1FC1F" box="[509,623,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,195,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[189,1399,181,1918]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Natural enemies of Aspidimerini: a, b. Cowperia indica (Encyrtidae): a. female; b. male; b. Pachyneuron sp. (Pteromalidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898121/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8791E940FCFCFCFC1F" box="[691,882,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pachyneuron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8791E940FCFCC9FC1F" box="[691,839,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pachyneuron</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8790D940FCFB95FC1F" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[899,1051,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131AD7E8D701FF87976E40FCFB08FC1F" box="[1076,1158,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,195,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[189,1399,181,1918]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Natural enemies of Aspidimerini: a, b. Cowperia indica (Encyrtidae): a. female; b. male; b. Pachyneuron sp. (Pteromalidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10898121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10898121/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
|
||
) were reared from field collected pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF87923140D8FC88FBE3" authority="(Ghorpade)" baseAuthorityName="Ghorpade" box="[363,774,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Trigonocarinatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kapuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87923140D8FDF0FBE3" box="[363,638,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Trigonocarinatus kapuri</emphasis>
|
||
(Ghorpade)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF87906640D8FA8AFBE3" authority="(Thunberg)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" box="[828,1284,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87906640D8FBF3FBE2" box="[828,1149,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Thunberg)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9ECB6DD701FF87939D4710FE44FB37" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87939D4710FE16FBAB" bold="true" box="[199,408,1087,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Included genera.</emphasis>
|
||
Four genera, namely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8791EB4710FC25FBAB" authority="Mulsant" authorityName="Mulsant" box="[689,939,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Aspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8791EB4710FCB3FBAB" box="[689,829,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
Mulsant
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8790E44710FB32FBAB" authority="Mulsant" authorityName="Mulsant" box="[958,1212,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptogonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8790E44710FBC1FBAB" box="[958,1103,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cryptogonus</emphasis>
|
||
Mulsant
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8797954710FF51FB8F" authority="Kapur" authorityName="Kapur" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pseudaspidimerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8797954710FA12FBAB" box="[1231,1436,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pseudaspidimerus</emphasis>
|
||
Kapur
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF879245474CFDFCFB8F" authority="Huo & Ren" authorityName="Huo & Ren" box="[287,626,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Trigonocarinatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF879245474CFE6FFB8E" box="[287,481,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Trigonocarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Huo & Ren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distributed in the Indian subcontinent. The remaining two genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8793CD47A8FE31FB53" authority="Huo & Ren" authorityName="Huo & Ren" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,447,1159,1185]" genus="Tumidusternus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8793CD47A8FEB2FB53" box="[151,316,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tumidusternus</emphasis>
|
||
Huo & Ren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21B0EED701FF8792A847A8FDD9FB53" authorityName="Kapur" authorityYear="1948" box="[498,599,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Acarinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF8792A847A8FDD9FB53" box="[498,599,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Acarinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are currently known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3368BFDD701FF8790E847A8FC7BFB53" box="[946,1013,1159,1185]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0B69CD701FF87975847A8FB32FB53" author="Huo, L. Z. & Li, W. J. & Chen, X. S. & Wang, X. M. & Ren, S. X." box="[1026,1212,1158,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref27564" refString="Huo, L. Z., Li, W. J., Chen, X. S., Wang, X. M. & Ren, S. X. (2015 b) Tumidusternus, a new genus of Aspidimerini from China (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Zookeys, 511, 81 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 511.9582" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Huo
|
||
<emphasis id="B955177FD701FF87976347A8FBE6FB53" box="[1081,1128,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3368BFDD701FF87964447A8FA12FB53" box="[1310,1436,1159,1185]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0B69CD701FF8793C54784FEA7FB37" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[159,297,1195,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="77 - 128" refId="ref27819" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1948) A revision of the tribe Aspidimerini Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 99, 77 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1948. tb 01233. x" type="journal article" year="1948">Kapur 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |