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<document id="206287E8373D595AFFC2100870B9346C" ID-CLB-Dataset="32174" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4318.2.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="12550c36-7b7c-43a9-8aa2-0d2c3940d448" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="886714" ID-ZooBank="43426756-9584-4D0F-Bb61-345Cd7B9284D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504770528291" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ribera, Carles" docDate="2017" docId="0388137B52418F4D4A909B7ADB58E7D3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4318.2.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4318 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Loxosceles persica Ribera 2017, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="386" masterDocId="FFB16B0352448F444A079C1ADA06E574" masterDocTitle="A new species of Loxosceles Heineken &amp; Lowe, 1832 (Araneae: Sicariidae) from Iranian caves" masterLastPageNumber="387" masterPageNumber="377" pageNumber="382" updateTime="1698468008622" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="7956EEDFD4A8185F10B7EA1E1002B18D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7B1C44CF3C10334C9E34E110ECE24FF8">
<mods:title id="22D654994986C6FC383AED53075F4092">A new species of Loxosceles Heineken &amp; Lowe, 1832 (Araneae: Sicariidae) from Iranian caves</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B309BE515AFDE0B202774228136A7F4B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="009B55809769A46D6AC6DE86F8DA7131">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0F8469A984773452F09A5BA878F2558A">Ribera, Carles</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8CDDE491CFE40742E826A3A79036C0C4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="268C4C4FFD21BA2B3458BCCC18E8D774" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="36222CA334144E10BCCE70D8F4CB41AA">
<mods:title id="E2F73A99BA7CB7C81A789702E806F590">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="FDF0D2C39FACCFCC6AEFEEA1AB22B13B">
<mods:date id="3B06B0965CAB37146387ECA4073FACF2">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1A862EFE78F86914E32582718EEBE5A0" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="602A99674A7F5C3A5221501DB03EDC5F">2017-07-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="CA91F3D175772384F7D947260F208D76" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D9BE27A9E72FFD0F0DB57E1C50CDAE18">4318</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0144CB02EF393AE27B0D34419BA95540">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="492AF7F30D675B8E8396493FAFB82BD6">377</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="F70AB6D3F8F55EF004724B6CB6A17E3C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EE2E000259A4B59EEA9BAA57D8625C35" type="CLB-Dataset">32174</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A7A2F00ADE00DA5DE472AC79BC8915C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4318.2.10</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="04728F0A934803A42B7D90C9B4DC1B01" type="GBIF-Dataset">12550c36-7b7c-43a9-8aa2-0d2c3940d448</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C953A34990527E23DED8B37ABCB0B05A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2847F82D315AD64490689FA5D143FE8F" type="Zenodo-Dep">886714</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6A8694858C3B4D247D5FDDC2B3C04ED8" type="ZooBank">43426756-9584-4D0F-Bb61-345Cd7B9284D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0388137B52418F4D4A909B7ADB58E7D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6044427" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133186562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6044427" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388137B52418F4D4A909B7ADB58E7D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388137B52418F4D4A909B7ADB58E7D3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
<subSubSection id="C33BF1E652418F414A909B7ADB92E2EF" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52418F414A909B7AD8AEE20E" blockId="5.[151,680,1888,1948]" box="[151,680,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
<heading id="D0D6150152418F414A909B7AD8AEE20E" bold="true" box="[151,680,1888,1914]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52418F414A909B7AD8AEE20E" bold="true" box="[151,680,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52418F414A909B7AD859E20E" ID-CoL="6QNJS" authority="Ribera &amp; Zamani" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,607,1888,1914]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52418F414A909B7ADB7EE20E" bold="true" box="[151,376,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Loxosceles persica</emphasis>
Ribera &amp; Zamani
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452418F4148619B7AD8AEE20E" box="[614,680,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52418F414A909B99DB92E2EF" blockId="5.[151,680,1888,1948]" box="[151,404,1923,1948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852418F414A909B99DB06E2EF" box="[151,256,1923,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Figures 4</figureCitation>
A–G, 5 A–D
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33BF1E652418F424A909BD1DE98E469" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52418F424A909BD1D9FEE5A1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1995,2020]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
<materialsCitation id="3B49A83052418F424A909BD1D8F2E5C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1612095109" collectingDate="2016-02-16" collectorName="Tahami &amp; Darvishniya &amp; Bakhshi" country="Iran" elevation="1277" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="383" location="Ker Palang Cave" municipality="Mal Agha" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Khuzestan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52418F414A909BD1DB41E290" bold="true" box="[151,327,1995,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
<typeStatus id="549A1CCF52418F414A909BD1DAD4E290" box="[151,210,1995,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="549A1CCF52418F414B579BD1DBC6E290" box="[336,448,1995,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D2769E452418F414BC79BD1DBCBE290" box="[448,461,1995,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(LX2511),
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD52418F4148529BD6D880E297" box="[597,646,1996,2019]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Iran</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49E56C8F52418F4148939BD1D970E297" box="[660,886,1995,2019]" country="Iran" name="Khuzestan" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52418F4148939BD1D970E297" box="[660,886,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Khuzestan Province</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFA381752418F4149819BD1D9FDE290" box="[902,1019,1995,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Mal Agha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EFEF4B652418F414E0E9BD6DEC8E297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388137B52418F4D4A909B7ADB58E7D3:8EFEF4B652418F414E0E9BD6DEC8E297" box="[1033,1230,1995,2020]" country="Iran" municipality="Mal Agha" name="Ker Palang Cave" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" stateProvince="Khuzestan Province">Ker Palang Cave</location>
,
<elevation id="000C455E52418F414EDC9BD1DF77E290" box="[1243,1393,1995,2020]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.277" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="1277.0">
<quantity id="4CD90F8852418F414EDC9BD1DF35E297" box="[1243,1331,1995,2019]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.277" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="1277.0">1277 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFDB7D4552418F424F879BD1DB3DE5C4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" value="2016-02-16">
<date id="FF9F84AD52418F424F879BD1DB3DE5C4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" value="2016-02-16">16 February 2016</date>
</collectingDate>
(
<collectorName id="26D4C7BB52428F424B4D9C8DDBA4E5C4" box="[330,418,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Tahami</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26D4C7BB52428F424BA99C8DD831E5C4" box="[430,567,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Darvishniya</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26D4C7BB52428F42485C9C8DD8B1E5C4" box="[603,695,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Bakhshi</collectorName>
leg.)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B49A83052428F4248F89C82D9F3E5A1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1612095111" collectingDate="2016-04-21" collectorName="Tahami &amp; Bakhshi" country="Iran" elevation="994" location="Kaviri Cave" municipality="Ghaemiye" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Fars Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="549A1CCF52428F4248F89C82D96AE5C4" box="[767,876,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D2769E452428F4249739C82D998E5DB" box="[884,926,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
(LX2512 and LX2513),
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD52428F424EBE9C82DEECE5DB" box="[1209,1258,152,175]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Iran</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49E56C8F52428F424EF39C83DF93E5DB" box="[1268,1429,152,176]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424EF39C83DF93E5DB" box="[1268,1429,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fars Province</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFA381752428F424A909CA6DB0BE5A1" box="[151,269,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Ghaemiye</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EFEF4B652428F424B1F9CA6DBA4E5A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388137B52418F4D4A909B7ADB58E7D3:8EFEF4B652428F424B1F9CA6DBA4E5A0" box="[280,418,188,213]" country="Iran" municipality="Ghaemiye" name="Kaviri Cave" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" stateProvince="Fars Province">Kaviri Cave</location>
,
<elevation id="000C455E52428F424BA99CA6D837E5A1" box="[430,561,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.94" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="994.0">
<quantity id="4CD90F8852428F424BA99CA6DBF3E5A0" box="[430,501,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.94" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="994.0">994 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFDB7D4552428F4248399CA6D8DDE5A1" box="[574,731,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" value="2016-04-21">
<date id="FF9F84AD52428F4248399CA6D8DDE5A1" box="[574,731,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" value="2016-04-21">21 April 2016</date>
</collectingDate>
(
<collectorName id="26D4C7BB52428F4248EE9CA6D938E5A1" box="[745,830,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Tahami</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26D4C7BB52428F4249649CA6D9B9E5A1" box="[867,959,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Bakhshi</collectorName>
leg)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC09CC5DE98E469" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<materialsCitation id="3B49A83052428F424AC09CC5DE98E469" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1612095110" collectingDate="2015-09-30" collectorName="Tahami &amp; Sadeghi &amp; Khazaei" country="Iran" county="Other" elevation="2400" location="Khaneh Khoda Cave" municipality="Harat" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yazd Province">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC09CC5DBFAE58C" bold="true" box="[199,508,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<collectingCounty id="62FFDAE152428F424AC09CC5DB09E58C" box="[199,271,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Other</collectingCounty>
material examined.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D2769E452428F4248049CFAD82BE583" box="[515,557,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D2769E452428F4248649CFAD8B6E58C" box="[611,688,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D2769E452428F4248BF9CFAD8CBE583" box="[696,717,224,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(vulva lost) (LX2514 and LX2515),
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD52428F424E6A9CFADE99E583" box="[1133,1183,224,247]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Iran</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49E56C8F52428F424EAD9CFADF4EE583" box="[1194,1352,224,248]" country="Iran" name="Yazd" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424EAD9CFADF4EE583" box="[1194,1352,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Yazd Province</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFA381752428F424F509CFADF9EE583" box="[1367,1432,224,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Harat</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EFEF4B652428F424A909D1EDB84E468" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388137B52418F4D4A909B7ADB58E7D3:8EFEF4B652428F424A909D1EDB84E468" box="[151,386,260,285]" country="Iran" county="Other" municipality="Harat" name="Khaneh Khoda Cave" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" stateProvince="Yazd Province">Khaneh Khoda Cave</location>
,
<elevation id="000C455E52428F424B899D1ED819E469" box="[398,543,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="2400.0">
<quantity id="4CD90F8852428F424B899D1EDBE5E468" box="[398,483,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFDB7D4552428F42482B9D1ED900E469" box="[556,774,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" value="2015-09-30">
<date id="FF9F84AD52428F42482B9D1ED900E469" box="[556,774,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" value="2015-09-30">30 September 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
(
<collectorName id="26D4C7BB52428F4249139D1ED96AE469" box="[788,876,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Tahami</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26D4C7BB52428F42497F9D1ED9D4E469" box="[888,978,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Sadeghi</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26D4C7BB52428F424E0F9D1EDE62E469" box="[1032,1124,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Khazaei</collectorName>
leg).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33BF1E652428F424AC09D3DD945E411" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC09D3DD945E411" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC09D3DDB48E434" bold="true" box="[199,334,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of this species refers to the historical region of the Middle East, located in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD52428F424A909D56DB34E411" box="[151,306,332,357]" name="Iraq" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Mesopotamia</collectingCountry>
, which is now
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD52428F424BDD9D57D80CE410" box="[474,522,333,356]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Iran</collectingCountry>
. The epithet is an adjective.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33BF1E652428F424AC09D75DB4BE698" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC09D75DAE5E7D3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC09D75DB47E4FC" bold="true" box="[199,321,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424B409D6AD81DE4F3" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[327,539,368,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424B409D6AD81DE4F3" box="[327,539,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Loxosceles persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452428F4248269D75D866E4F3" box="[545,608,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4248269D75D85EE4FC" bold="true" box="[545,600,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F4248F59D6BD95BE4F3" authorityName="Ribera &amp; Planas" authorityYear="2009" box="[754,861,368,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mrazig">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4248F59D6BD95BE4F3" box="[754,861,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. mrazig</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all the endemic Canarian species by the lack of the typical and conspicuous dark “V-mark” located posteriorly on the pars cephalica found in other congenerics. Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424B1F9DA3DB8EE4BB" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[280,392,440,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424B1F9DA3DB8EE4BB" box="[280,392,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452428F424B899DADDBCAE4BB" box="[398,460,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424B899DADDBC0E4A4" bold="true" box="[398,454,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
also differ from those of the Canarian endemics (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0DF9C52428F4249F49DADDAB4E480" author="Planas" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" refString="Planas, E. &amp; Ribera, C. (2015) Description of six new species of Loxosceles (Araneae: Sicariidae) endemic to the Canary Islands and the utility of DNA barcoding for their fast and accurate identification. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 174, 47 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12226" type="journal article" year="2015">
Planas &amp; Ribera 2015:
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424EF09DADDF42E4A4" box="[1271,1348,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1495,1517]" captionTargetBox="[179,1352,646,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[172,1416,640,1487]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from a concatenated matrix of cox 1 and rrnL mtDNA and H 3 nuDNA gene fragments. Numbers next to nodes correspond to bootstrap support values. L. vonwredei, L. spinulosa, Loxosceles sp., L. speluncarum and L. variegata was used to root the tree. TR = Turkey; IP = Iberian Peninsula; SAR = Sardinia; PT = Portugal; GC = Gran Canaria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893007/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424F579DADDF66E4A4" box="[1360,1376,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,1244,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[226,1360,1244,1933]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Loxosceles persica n. sp., A female habitus (holotype), ventral view, B female habitus (holotype), dorsal view, C male habitus (paratype LX 2512), dorsal view, D male habitus, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893011/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">5</figureCitation>
, 7, 9, 11
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424AF49DC7DBA4E480" authorityName="Millot" authorityYear="1941" box="[243,418,476,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foutadjalloni">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AF49DC7DBA4E480" box="[243,418,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. foutadjalloni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0DF9C52428F424BB59DC6D8A7E480" author="Lotz" box="[434,673,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" refString="Lotz, L. N. (2012) Present status of Sicariidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in the Afrotropical region. Zootaxa, 3522, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="2012">Lotz 2012: Fig. 10 B</bibRefCitation>
) by their seminal receptacles bifurcated at the apical end (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424F319DC6DF7FE480" box="[1334,1401,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A, B) (female of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424B329E1BDBA7E763" authorityName="Ribera &amp; Planas" authorityYear="2009" box="[309,417,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mrazig">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424B329E1BDBA7E763" box="[309,417,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. mrazig</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown).
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F4248459E1BD8B7E763" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[578,689,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4248459E1BD8B7E763" box="[578,689,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452428F4248BE9DE5D8FEE763" box="[697,760,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4248BE9DE5D8F7E76C" bold="true" box="[697,753,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F4249709E1BD9F8E76C" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[887,1022,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4249709E1BD9F8E76C" box="[887,1022,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking the “V-mark” on the pars cephalica and by having the seminal receptacles bifurcated at their apical end (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0DF9C52428F424E049E3EDEDBE748" author="Duncan" box="[1027,1245,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" refString="Duncan, R. P., Rynerson, M. R., Ribera, C. &amp; Binford, G. J. (2010) Diversity of Loxosceles spiders in northwestern Africa and molecular support for cryptic species in the Loxosceles rufescens lineage. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55, 234 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.11.026" type="journal article" year="2010">
Duncan
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424E659E3FDE9CE748" box="[1122,1178,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424EE19E3EDF2EE748" box="[1254,1320,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1495,1517]" captionTargetBox="[179,1352,646,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[172,1416,640,1487]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from a concatenated matrix of cox 1 and rrnL mtDNA and H 3 nuDNA gene fragments. Numbers next to nodes correspond to bootstrap support values. L. vonwredei, L. spinulosa, Loxosceles sp., L. speluncarum and L. variegata was used to root the tree. TR = Turkey; IP = Iberian Peninsula; SAR = Sardinia; PT = Portugal; GC = Gran Canaria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893007/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), but in
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424F829E3FDAECE72B" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424F829E3FDAECE72B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452428F424AF79E5DDB29E714" box="[240,303,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AF79E5DDB29E714" bold="true" box="[240,303,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
the apical ends shows two longer and cylindrical lobes (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F4249AE9E5DD9EAE714" box="[937,1004,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–B) the internal largest and pointing slightly dorsal, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424BB79E77D83CE7F0" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[432,570,620,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424BB79E77D83CE7F0" box="[432,570,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the apical lobes are rounded, the inner one larger and directed towards the centre.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC09EAEDB4BE698" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424B349EAFDBA3E7B8" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[307,421,693,716]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424B349EAFDBA3E7B8" box="[307,421,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452428F424BAA9EAEDBE8E7B9" box="[429,494,692,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424BAA9EAEDBE8E7B9" bold="true" box="[429,494,692,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F4248D99EAFD94DE7B8" authorityName="Ribera &amp; Planas" authorityYear="2009" box="[734,843,693,716]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mrazig">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4248D99EAFD94DE7B8" box="[734,843,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. mrazig</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the different shape and proportions of the palpal tibia. In
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424AF19EC3DB65E79B" authorityName="Ribera &amp; Planas" authorityYear="2009" box="[246,355,728,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mrazig">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AF19EC3DB65E79B" box="[246,355,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. mrazig</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the tibia is short and oval, slightly longer than it is wide (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0DF9C52428F4249FD9ECDDF8BE784" author="Ribera" box="[1018,1421,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" refString="Ribera, C. &amp; Planas, E. (2009) A new species of Loxosceles (Araneae, Sicariidae) from Tunisia. ZooKeys, 16, 217 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 16.232" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ribera &amp; Planas 2009:
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424F029ECDDF52E784" box="[1285,1364,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1409,1431]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,220,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,220,1343]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Two of the sampling localities of Loxosceles persica n. sp. A – B Kaviri Cave (Fars Province); C – D Ker Palang Cave (Khuzestan Province)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424F669EC2DF77E784" box="[1377,1393,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1495,1517]" captionTargetBox="[179,1352,646,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[172,1416,640,1487]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from a concatenated matrix of cox 1 and rrnL mtDNA and H 3 nuDNA gene fragments. Numbers next to nodes correspond to bootstrap support values. L. vonwredei, L. spinulosa, Loxosceles sp., L. speluncarum and L. variegata was used to root the tree. TR = Turkey; IP = Iberian Peninsula; SAR = Sardinia; PT = Portugal; GC = Gran Canaria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893007/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424F799ECDDF8BE784" box="[1406,1421,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,1244,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[226,1360,1244,1933]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Loxosceles persica n. sp., A female habitus (holotype), ventral view, B female habitus (holotype), dorsal view, C male habitus (paratype LX 2512), dorsal view, D male habitus, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893011/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">5</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
), while in the new species, the tibia is clearly longer than wide, not oval, and more abruptly rounded towards the patella than the tarsus (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424B989F05DBE5E64C" box="[415,483,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D, E, G). Additionally, it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F4249A79F3BDE0BE643" authorityName="Ribera &amp; Planas" authorityYear="2009" box="[928,1037,800,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mrazig">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4249A79F3BDE0BE643" box="[928,1037,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. mrazig</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of the embolus. In
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424F829F3BDAECE628" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424F829F3BDAECE628" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452428F424AF69F5EDB36E629" box="[241,304,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AF69F5EDB36E629" bold="true" box="[241,304,836,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
the embolus is long and steadily curved, approximately 1.5 times longer than the bulb width (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424F5E9F5EDF9AE628" box="[1369,1436,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E, F, G), while in
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424B5A9F73DBCEE60B" box="[349,456,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424B5A9F73DBC3E60B" authorityName="Ribera &amp; Planas" authorityYear="2009" box="[349,453,872,896]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mrazig">L mrazig</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the embolus is enlarged at the base, forming a sinuous curve at its apical end (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0DF9C52428F424F349F7DDBD5E6D0" author="Ribera" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" refString="Ribera, C. &amp; Planas, E. (2009) A new species of Loxosceles (Araneae, Sicariidae) from Tunisia. ZooKeys, 16, 217 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 16.232" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ribera &amp; Planas 2009:
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424B3D9F96DB88E6D0" box="[314,398,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1409,1431]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,220,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,220,1343]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Two of the sampling localities of Loxosceles persica n. sp. A – B Kaviri Cave (Fars Province); C – D Ker Palang Cave (Khuzestan Province)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893005/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424BA79F96DBA9E6D0" box="[416,431,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1495,1517]" captionTargetBox="[179,1352,646,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[172,1416,640,1487]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from a concatenated matrix of cox 1 and rrnL mtDNA and H 3 nuDNA gene fragments. Numbers next to nodes correspond to bootstrap support values. L. vonwredei, L. spinulosa, Loxosceles sp., L. speluncarum and L. variegata was used to root the tree. TR = Turkey; IP = Iberian Peninsula; SAR = Sardinia; PT = Portugal; GC = Gran Canaria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893007/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424BC59F96DBD5E6D0" box="[450,467,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">4</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424BEA9F96D8CEE6D0" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[493,712,908,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424BEA9F96D8CEE6D0" box="[493,712,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Loxosceles persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452428F4248D39F96D91FE6D1" box="[724,793,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4248D39F96D91FE6D1" bold="true" box="[724,793,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F4249C79F97DE4BE6D0" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[960,1101,908,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4249C79F97DE4BE6D0" box="[960,1101,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424E889F97DF42E6D0" authorityName="Millot" authorityYear="1941" box="[1167,1348,908,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foutadjalloni">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424E889F97DF42E6D0" box="[1167,1348,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. foutadjalloni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the proportions of the bulb; in these two species, the bulb is larger than the tarsus, while it is smaller than the tarsus in
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52428F424A909FCFDB00E698" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,262,981,1004]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424A909FCFDB00E698" box="[151,262,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452428F424B099FCEDB4BE698" box="[270,333,980,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424B099FCEDB40E699" bold="true" box="[270,326,980,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33BF1E652428F434AC09FEDDE38E469" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC09FEDD83CE164" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,570,1015,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC09FEDDB5FE164" bold="true" box="[199,345,1015,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424B589FE2DBB5E164" box="[351,435,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Female</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="549A1CCF52428F424BC39FE2D82CE164" box="[452,554,1016,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424BC39FE2D82CE164" box="[452,554,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC09806DBE4E1D4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC09806DB4DE140" box="[199,331,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Coloration:</emphasis>
carapace pale yellowish, with the cephalic area and clypeus darkest (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424E6B9806DEBDE140" box="[1132,1211,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
C, 5 B). Eye bases black. Sternum pale yellowish. Chelicerae reddish brown, darkened in their distal parts. Labium and endites reddish brown (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424B41987EDB8EE109" box="[326,392,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,1244,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[226,1360,1244,1933]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Loxosceles persica n. sp., A female habitus (holotype), ventral view, B female habitus (holotype), dorsal view, C male habitus (paratype LX 2512), dorsal view, D male habitus, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893011/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A). Legs pale yellowish, with the apical segments darkened (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424E32987EDE71E109" box="[1077,1143,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,1244,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[226,1360,1244,1933]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Loxosceles persica n. sp., A female habitus (holotype), ventral view, B female habitus (holotype), dorsal view, C male habitus (paratype LX 2512), dorsal view, D male habitus, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893011/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A). Opisthosoma grayish, coated with short black setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC098B7DAC9E021" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC098B7DB32E1B0" box="[199,308,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Prosoma:</emphasis>
carapace longer (CL = 3.12) than wide (CW = 2.57) (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F42498C98B6D9CBE1B0" box="[907,973,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C), widely rounded on sides and with the pars cephalica elongated and narrowed in front. Carapace evenly convex, thoracic fovea slightly visible. Larger setae or bristles in a single row on the side margin of the carapace pointing anteriorly. Long setae forming seven parallel rows on the pars cephalica. Eye sizes: ALE 0.17, PLE 0.17, PME 0.14. Distance between ALE and PME 0.16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC0997BD942E0B4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC0997BDB00E00C" box="[199,262,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Legs:</emphasis>
leg formula: 2143. Leg I (19.48): femur 5.64/patella 1.05/tibia 5.83/metatarsus 5.63/tarsus 1.33; Leg II (19.76): 5.59/1.13/5.83/5.94/1.27; Leg III (17.03): 5.15/0.91/4.72/5.13/1.12; Leg IV (18.72): 5.42/0.93/5.12/5.92/ 1.33. Palp (3.7): femur 1.2/patella 0.43/tibia 0.81/tarsus 1.26.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC099D6DE48E090" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1102,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC099D6DB5DE090" box="[199,347,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Opisthosoma</emphasis>
: elongate oval (4.95 long, 3.55 wide) in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F4249B399D6DE04E091" box="[948,1026,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,1244,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[226,1360,1244,1933]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Loxosceles persica n. sp., A female habitus (holotype), ventral view, B female habitus (holotype), dorsal view, C male habitus (paratype LX 2512), dorsal view, D male habitus, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893011/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC099EAD975E3EC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC099EADB0BE37C" box="[199,269,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Vulva:</emphasis>
as in
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424B5299F5DB9EE37C" box="[341,408,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–B. Genital opening connects to the base of the seminal receptacles that are conical and wide, laterally reinforced with sclerotized areas. Medial part long, slightly conical and gently directed towards the center. Apical part bifurcated into two cylindrical lobes. Inner lobe long and wide, pointing slightly dorsal. External lobe three times shorter than the inner one, pointing apically or dorsally. Seminal receptacles separated at their closest point by roughly the apical diameter of the external lobes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC09ABEDBEDE271" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC09ABEDB07E3C8" box="[199,257,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Male</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="549A1CCF52428F424B149ABFDB7FE3C8" box="[275,377,1701,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424B149ABFDB7FE3C8" box="[275,377,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Paratype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
, LX2512).
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4248059ABED87BE3C8" box="[514,637,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Coloration</emphasis>
: similar to female except for the carapace, which is whitish with the pars cephalica yellowish (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424BBB9ADDD806E394" box="[444,512,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,1244,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[226,1360,1244,1933]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Loxosceles persica n. sp., A female habitus (holotype), ventral view, B female habitus (holotype), dorsal view, C male habitus (paratype LX 2512), dorsal view, D male habitus, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893011/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C). Clypeus, labium and endites darkest (
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F4249DB9ADDDE19E394" box="[988,1055,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,1244,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[226,1360,1244,1933]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Loxosceles persica n. sp., A female habitus (holotype), ventral view, B female habitus (holotype), dorsal view, C male habitus (paratype LX 2512), dorsal view, D male habitus, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893011/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Palps and chelicerae reddish, paler than those of the female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC09B0BD88EE239" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC09B0BDB32E25C" box="[199,308,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Prosoma:</emphasis>
carapace slightly longer (CL = 2.87) than wide (CW = 2.62), Eye sizes: ALE 0.19, PLE 0.19, PME 0.14. Distance between ALE and PME 0.15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F424AC09B43DAC8E2CC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC09B43DB00E204" box="[199,262,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Legs:</emphasis>
leg formula: 2143. Leg I (24.4): femur 6.82/patella 0.87/tibia 7.52/metatarsus 7.70/tarsus 1.49; Leg II (26.28): 7.61/1.01/7.60/8.50/1.56; Leg III (20.64): 6.03/0.90/5.70/6.83/1.18; Leg IV (23.00): 6.15/0.94/6.51/8.02/ 1.33.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52428F434AC09BDEDE38E469" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F424AC09BDEDB5DE2A8" box="[199,347,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Opisthosoma</emphasis>
: elongate oval (3.3 long, 1.9 wide) in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52428F4249889BDED9C2E2A8" box="[911,964,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Palp</emphasis>
: as in
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852428F424E0B9BDEDE4BE2A8" box="[1036,1101,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1814]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Loxosceles persica n. sp. (holotype), A – B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D – G right palp of male (paratype LX 2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D–G. Femur cylindrical (1.16 long, 0.25 wide). Patella subglobular in the lateral view, almost cylindrical in the dorsal view, slightly longer (0.38) than wide (0.31). Tibia wider at the base (0.71 long, 0.49 wide), rounded more abruptly towards the patella than the tarsus, oval in the dorsal view. Tarsus longer than the bulb (0.51). Bulb globular, shorter than the tarsus (0.41). Embolus long and steadily curved, approximately 1.5 times longer than bulb width.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33BF1E652438F434AC09D3DDAF4E410" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52438F434AC09D3DDAF4E410" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52438F434AC09D3DDB66E434" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD52438F434BF29D32D823E44B" box="[501,549,296,319]" name="Iran" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Iran</collectingCountry>
. Known only from three caves of the provinces of
<collectingRegion id="49E56C8F52438F434E759D32DEA3E44B" box="[1138,1189,296,319]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Fars</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E56C8F52438F434EB49D3DDEEDE434" box="[1203,1259,295,320]" country="Iran" name="Yazd" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Yazd</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49E56C8F52438F434F219D3DDF9AE434" box="[1318,1436,295,320]" country="Iran" name="Khuzestan" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Khuzestan</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="131ABEE852438F434A989D56DAE7E410" box="[159,225,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1098,1120]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1076]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1076]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Iran with the sampling localities of Loxosceles persica n. sp. Circle: Ker Palang Cave, Square: Kaviri Cave, Diamond: Khaneh khoda Cave." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893003/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5EF2E552438F434A909B36D96BE20B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893009/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" targetBox="[151,1436,409,1814]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52438F434A909B36D96BE20B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1836,1919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52438F434A909B36DB15E235" bold="true" box="[151,275,1836,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52438F434B1E9B36DBDCE236" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,474,1836,1858]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52438F434B1E9B36DBDCE236" box="[281,474,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Loxosceles persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C30452438F434BE79B36D81FE236" box="[480,537,1836,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52438F434BE79B36D815E235" bold="true" box="[480,531,1836,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype), A–B vulva, ventral and dorsal views; C prosoma of female, dorsal view; D– G right palp of male (paratype LX2512), dorsal, prolateral, apical and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: GO genital opening, IL inner lobe of seminal receptacles, OL outer lobe of seminal receptacles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33BF1E652438F4D4AC09BB6DB58E7D3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D52438F4C4AC09BB6DEDDE469" blockId="7.[151,1436,1964,2025]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1184]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="385" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52438F434AC09BB6DB4AE2B1" bold="true" box="[199,332,1964,1989]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Discussion.</emphasis>
The new species lives in dried, deserted or xeric regions. The same is true for its sister species
<emphasis id="B9557E7F52438F434F829BB7DAEDE29C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE52438F434F829BB7DAEEE29C" authorityName="Ribera &amp; Planas" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mrazig">L. mrazig</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which is from a deserted area in southern
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD52438F4348DE9BCAD936E29D" box="[729,816,2000,2025]" name="Tunisia" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
. This feature could ecologically segregate this species from
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4ADB9C83DB6DE5C4" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[220,363,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4ADB9C83DB6DE5C4" box="[220,363,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is common in the Mediterranean ecosystems. In spiders, delimitation of species boundaries is mostly based on the genitalia. The taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C495C9CA6D9D0E5A0" authorityName="Heineken &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="1832" box="[859,982,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C495C9CA6D9D0E5A0" box="[859,982,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is singularly difficult (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0DF9C524C8F4C4EDD9CA6DB0AE58C" author="Gertsch" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" refString="Gertsch, W. J. &amp; Ennik, F. (1983) The spider genus Loxosceles in North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Araneae, Loxoscelidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 175, 264 - 360." type="journal article" year="1983">Gertsch &amp; Ennik 1983: 272</bibRefCitation>
) and in
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4B6A9CFBDBE6E583" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[365,480,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4B6A9CFBDBE6E583" box="[365,480,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C304524C8F4C4BEF9CC5D82FE583" box="[488,553,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4BEF9CC5D824E58C" bold="true" box="[488,546,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female genitalia is more informative than the male palpus. This is the main reason that we have chosen the female from Ker Palang Cave as the
<typeStatus id="549A1CCF524C8F4C49919D1ED9FEE469" box="[918,1016,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of this new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D524C8F4C4AC09D3DDF2FE7F0" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">
The phylogenetic relationship of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C48439D33D8B1E44B" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[580,695,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C48439D33D8B1E44B" box="[580,695,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C304524C8F4C48C69D3DD904E434" box="[705,770,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C48C69D3DD904E434" bold="true" box="[705,770,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C49409D33D9B3E44B" authorityName="Ribera &amp; Planas" authorityYear="2009" box="[839,949,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mrazig">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C49409D33D9B3E44B" box="[839,949,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. mrazig</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C49F79D33DEA7E434" authorityName="Millot" authorityYear="1941" box="[1008,1185,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foutadjalloni">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C49F79D33DEA7E434" box="[1008,1185,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. foutadjalloni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is difficult to explain from a biogeographical point of view. As far as we know, there are no historical biogeographic patterns between
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C4A909D75DAEDE4FC" box="[151,235,367,392]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C4AF29D75DB4EE4FC" box="[245,328,367,392]" name="Tunisia" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C4B789D6ADBA9E4F3" box="[383,431,368,391]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Iran</collectingCountry>
. However, we should consider that the taxonomic knowledge of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4E859D6ADEFBE4FC" authorityName="Heineken &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="1832" box="[1154,1277,368,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4E859D6ADEFBE4FC" box="[1154,1277,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very scarce south of the Atlas Mountain range, where there are only a few old records of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4E0A9D8FDE90E4D8" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1037,1174,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4E0A9D8FDE90E4D8" box="[1037,1174,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. To the north of
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C4F5E9D8EDADBE4BB" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C4B119DADDB6CE4A4" box="[278,362,439,464]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, in western Africa, and
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C487B9DADD8DDE4A4" box="[636,731,439,464]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
in eastern Africa, as well as in Central Africa, no species has been described up to the Atlas Mountain range (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0DF9C524C8F4C48C99DC6D94CE480" author="Lotz" box="[718,842,476,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" refString="Lotz, L. N. (2012) Present status of Sicariidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in the Afrotropical region. Zootaxa, 3522, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="2012">Lotz 2012</bibRefCitation>
), and there are few, if any, records of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4F169DC7DB8BE76C" authority="(Nentwig et al. 2017)" authorityName="Nentwig et al." authorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4F169DC7DF9AE480" box="[1297,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. rufescens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0DF9C524C8F4C4A999DE5DB83E76C" author="Nentwig" box="[158,389,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" refString="Nentwig, W., Pantini, P. &amp; Vetter, R. S. (2017) Distribution and medical aspects of Loxosceles rufescens, one of the most invasive spiders of the world (Araneae: Sicariidae). Toxicon, 32, 19 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. toxicon. 2017.04.007" type="journal article" year="2017">
Nentwig
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4B0F9E1BDB47E76C" box="[264,321,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. There are no taxonomic reviews of this genus from
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C49D89DE5DE27E76C" box="[991,1057,511,536]" name="Libya" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Libya</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C4E429DE5DE93E76C" box="[1093,1173,511,536]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Turkey</collectingCountry>
either, and the existing records for those locations are also scarce and old. Quite possibly, this extensive area, unknown from a faunistic point of view as far as the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C48159E52D88BE714" authorityName="Heineken &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="1832" box="[530,653,584,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C48159E52D88BE714" box="[530,653,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is concerned, can harbor a species diversity currently unknown. The same may be true between
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C4BC09E76D81CE7F1" box="[455,538,620,645]" name="Tunisia" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C48579E77D886E7F0" box="[592,640,621,644]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Iran</collectingCountry>
, mainly in the desert areas far from the Mediterranean coast.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D524C8F4C4AC09E95DF5AE699" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">
The three localities where
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4BF19E8BD861E7D3" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[502,615,656,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4BF19E8BD861E7D3" box="[502,615,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C304524C8F4C48779E95D8B6E7DC" box="[624,688,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C48779E95D8B6E7DC" bold="true" box="[624,688,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has been collected are separated by 165 and
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C4EB19E95DF0AE7DC" box="[1206,1292,655,680]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="km" value="450.0">450 km</quantity>
in a straight line (K1-KhKh
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C4B409EAEDB99E7B9" box="[327,415,692,717]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="km" value="165.0">165 km</quantity>
, K1-Kp
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C4BF99EAED853E7B9" box="[510,597,692,717]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="km" value="400.0">400 km</quantity>
, and Kp-KhKh
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C49019EAED959E7B9" box="[774,863,692,717]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="km" value="450.0">450 km</quantity>
). The average evolutionary divergence (p-distance) of
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4AB39EC2DAECE784" box="[180,234,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">
cox
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C4AD99EC2DAECE784" box="[222,234,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
</emphasis>
in the three localities is 16.2% (K1-KhKh 14.7%, K1-Kp 17.1%, and Kp-KhKh 16.9%). These high genetic distances exceed the values found in
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C48339EE7D8BDE660" box="[564,699,764,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C48339EE7D8BDE660" box="[564,699,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Mediterranean basin (7.8%, Planas
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4EB39EE7DEE5E660" box="[1204,1251,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">et al</emphasis>
. 2014) although lineages living in close proximity (
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C48219F05D875E64C" box="[550,627,799,824]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
) exhibit a striking genetic divergence (4.7%) (Planas
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4EDB9F3BDF09E64C" box="[1244,1295,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">et al</emphasis>
. 2014). The genetic diversity existent within and between the
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C48C39F5ED939E628" authorityName="Heineken &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="1832" box="[708,831,836,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C48C39F5ED939E628" box="[708,831,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineages of the Souss-Massa region (southwest of the Atlas range,
<collectingCountry id="F336E2FD524C8F4C4B369F72DB9EE6F4" box="[305,408,872,896]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Morocco</collectingCountry>
) surpassed the already high genetic diversity existent within the
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4EA19F73DF32E6F4" box="[1190,1332,872,896]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4EA19F73DF32E6F4" box="[1190,1332,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineages mentioned above. It is a rather abrupt mountainous area with deep torrents geographically separating or isolating the prospected localities. In three localities separated by less than
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C49729FAAD9B8E6BC" box="[885,958,943,968]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
, the genetic distances calculated with
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4F609FAADF9AE6BC" box="[1383,1436,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">cox1</emphasis>
exceed 7% within each lineage and reach 12.7% between neighboring lineages (C. Ribera pers. observation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D524C8F4C4AC09FEDDB51E1D4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">
The three Iranian localities where
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C485B9FE3D8D4E17B" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[604,722,1016,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C485B9FE3D8D4E17B" box="[604,722,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C304524C8F4C48DB9FEDD926E17B" box="[732,800,1015,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C48DB9FEDD91FE164" bold="true" box="[732,793,1015,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was collected have similar geographic characteristics. Mountain ranges of a high altitude (Kp Cave
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C48939806D8EDE140" box="[660,747,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.277" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="m" value="1277.0">1277 m</quantity>
, K1 Cave
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C49679806D9A1E140" box="[864,935,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.94" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="m" value="994.0">994 m</quantity>
and KhKh Cave
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C4E6D9806DEC6E140" box="[1130,1216,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
) separated by steep orographic features of the area, together with the microhabitat preferences, low dispersal abilities of
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4F26985ADF9AE12C" authorityName="Heineken &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="1832" box="[1313,1436,1088,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4F26985ADF9AE12C" box="[1313,1436,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the synanthropic
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4B66987FDBEEE108" box="[353,488,1124,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4B66987FDBEEE108" box="[353,488,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">L. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
excluded) and considerable distance (
<quantity id="4CD90F88524C8F4C4994987EDE3DE109" box="[915,1083,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.075" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" unit="km" value="307.5" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="165.0">165 to 450 km</quantity>
), could have triggered this high genetic diversity.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5EF2E5524C8F4C4A909BB7D991E295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/893011/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" targetBox="[226,1359,1244,1932]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D524C8F4C4A909BB7D991E295" blockId="8.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4A909BB7DB15E2B6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1965,1987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524C8F4C4B1D9BB6DBDDE2B7" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[282,475,1964,1987]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4B1D9BB6DBDDE2B7" box="[282,475,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">Loxosceles persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C304524C8F4C4BE59BB7D81DE2B6" box="[482,539,1965,1986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524C8F4C4BE59BB7D81DE2B6" bold="true" box="[482,539,1965,1986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="385">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, A female habitus (holotype), ventral view, B female habitus (holotype), dorsal view, C male habitus (paratype LX2512), dorsal view, D male habitus, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D524D8F4D4AC09C82DB48E480" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
Moreover, we have only one adult female (with its genitals available), and males were not collected with females. The available three morphologically identical males come from two different localities. We decided to associate both sexes because both show morphological differences from the rest of the species from the Mediterranean area and have the same leg formula (2143). However, using programs for species delimitation methods based on gene sequences is not appropriate for species that show a high population structure, such as the Mediterranean
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524D8F4D4B4F9D56DBC5E410" authorityName="Heineken &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="1832" box="[328,451,332,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524D8F4D4B4F9D56DBC5E410" box="[328,451,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524D8F4D4BFB9D57D88CE410" box="[508,650,332,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524D8F4D4BFB9D57D88CE410" box="[508,650,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">L. rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Mediterranean basin, applying GMYC (and using
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524D8F4D4F609D56DF9AE410" box="[1383,1436,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">cox1</emphasis>
sequences), we recovered a total of 14 entities (putative species) (Planas
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524D8F4D49DF9D6BDE0DE4FC" box="[984,1035,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">et al</emphasis>
. 2014). In summary, these patterns can also be found in other spider species with similar dispersal capacities and strong population structure (e.g., mygalomorphs,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB0DF9C524D8F4D4B4B9DADD80DE4A4" author="Satler" box="[332,523,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" refString="Satler, J. D., Carstens, B. C. &amp; Hedin, M. (2013) Multilocus species delimitation in a complex of morphologically conserved trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus). Systematic Biology, 62, 805 - 823. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syt 041" type="journal article" year="2013">
Satler
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524D8F4D4B939DA3DBC2E4A4" box="[404,452,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and with other
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524D8F4D48B89DA2D93CE4A4" authorityName="Heineken &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="1832" box="[703,826,440,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524D8F4D48B89DA2D93CE4A4" box="[703,826,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, such as those from the
<collectingRegion id="49E56C8F524D8F4D4E9A9DA2DF45E4A4" box="[1181,1347,439,464]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
(Planas &amp; Ribera 2014).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EA26D524D8F4D4AC09E1ADB58E7D3" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524D8F4D4AC09E1ADB9DE763" authority="Ribera, 2017" authorityName="Ribera" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,411,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524D8F4D4AC09E1ADB9DE763" box="[199,411,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Loxosceles persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266C304524D8F4D4BA59DE5DBE7E76C" box="[418,481,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524D8F4D4BA59DE5DBE7E76C" bold="true" box="[418,481,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has been collected in the shadow zone of three caves; however, it does not show any morphological adaptation to the underground environments. It is a troglophilic species, like the rest of the Mediterranean
<taxonomicName id="4C21D9EE524D8F4D4B449E52DBB8E714" authorityName="Heineken &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="1832" box="[323,446,584,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9557E7F524D8F4D4B449E52DBB8E714" box="[323,446,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="386">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. It inhabits the first few meters of the caves where there are enough shelter, shade and availability of food. Due to its morphological features, it is very probable that this species is also present outside the caves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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