treatments-xml/data/03/FD/43/03FD4340FFE51807FF270FE9FDDBFADD.xml
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<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FF270FE9FE95FF2F" bold="true" box="[151,293,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Copestylum</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FE860FE9FD08FF2F" bold="true" box="[310,696,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Tachinosyrphus) pseudotachina</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FF270E71FE61FE8A" box="[151,465,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Tachinosyrphus pseudotachina</emphasis>
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locality and data.
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<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FF770D2BFEE0FDE2" bold="true" box="[199,336,541,567]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FEED0D28FDA8FDED" author="Hull, F. M." box="[349,536,542,568]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="165 - 176" refId="ref129991" refString="Hull, F. M. (1937) Some neotropical and oriental syrphid flies in the United States National Museum. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 27, 165 - 176." type="journal article" year="1937">Hull, 1937: 167</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FD350D28FCFEFDEC" author="Hull, F. M." box="[645,846,542,569]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="257 - 408" refId="ref130373" refString="Hull, F. M. (1949 b) The morphology and inter - relationships of the genera of syrphid flies, recent and fossil. Transactions of The Zoological Society of London, 26, 257 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1949. tb 00224. x" type="journal article" year="1949">Hull, 1949b: 350</bibRefCitation>
(desc.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FC0A0D28FB7AFDED" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[954,1226,542,568]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="73 - 215" refId="ref140281" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1972 b) A contribution to a generic revision of the Neotropical Milesiinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 23, 73 - 215." type="journal article" year="1972">Thompson, 1972b: 107</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE51807FB6E0D28FAE6FDED" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1845" box="[1246,1366,542,568]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Milesiinae">Milesiinae</taxonomicName>
rev.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FF270D74FE32FD88" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[151,386,578,605]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref140398" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1974 b) Corrections and restrictions of the type localities of some Neotropical Syrphidae (Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 18, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1974">Thompson, 1974b: 5</bibRefCitation>
(corrections and restrictions of
<typeStatus id="54EF4CF4FFE51807FD5C0D74FCACFD89" box="[748,796,578,604]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">type</typeStatus>
locality);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FC210D74FB0CFD89" author="Thompson, F. &amp; Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S." box="[913,1212,578,604]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref141458" refString="Thompson, F. C, Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Sedman, Y. S. (1976) Family Syrphidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Edanee, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49898" type="book chapter" year="1976">
Thompson
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FBA00D75FBFAFD89" box="[1040,1098,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
, 1976: 70
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FABE0D74FEB8FD55" author="Whittington, A. E." pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="209 - 269" refId="ref142526" refString="Whittington, A. E. (1992) Revision of the Afrotropical species of Graptomyza Wiedemann (Diptera: Syrphidae: Volucellini). Annals of the Natal Museum, 33 (1), 209 - 269." type="journal article" year="1992">Whittington, 1992: 214</bibRefCitation>
(desc.
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE51807FEE80D50FE52FD55" ID-CoL="4QWP" box="[344,482,614,640]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Graptomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FEE80D50FE52FD55" box="[344,482,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Graptomyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FE4A0D50FD4DFD55" author="Thompson, F. C." box="[506,765,614,640]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="321 - 378" refId="ref140621" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1999 a) A key to the genera of the flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae) of the Neotropical Region including descriptions of new genera and species and a glossary of taxonomic terms used. Contributions on Entomology International, 3, 321 - 378." type="journal article" year="1999">Thompson, 1999a: 332</bibRefCitation>
(key);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FCFE0D50FBE6FD55" author="Rotheray, G. E. &amp; Hancock, E. G. &amp; Marcos-Garcia, M. A." box="[846,1110,614,640]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="267 - 317" refId="ref138074" refString="Rotheray, G. E., Hancock, E. G. &amp; Marcos-Garcia, M. A. (2007) Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 267 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00288. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
Rotheray
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FC0C0D51FC44FD55" box="[956,1012,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007: 1
</bibRefCitation>
(desc.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE51807FF770DBCFDD4FD71" blockId="95.[151,1437,397,1181]" box="[199,612,649,676]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FF770DBCFE1FFD76" bold="true" box="[199,431,649,676]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">World distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE51807FE060DBCFE59FD71" box="[438,489,650,676]" name="Peru" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Peru</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE51807FD900DBCFDD0FD71" box="[544,608,650,676]" name="Chile" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE51807FF770D9BFC55FD1D" blockId="95.[151,1437,397,1181]" box="[199,997,685,712]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FF770D9BFE70FD12" bold="true" box="[199,448,685,711]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Chilean distribution.</emphasis>
From
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFE51807FDBA0D98FDDFFD1D" box="[522,623,686,712]" country="Chile" name="Tarapaca" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Tarapacá</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49903CB4FFE51807FD210D98FCD7FD1D" box="[657,871,686,712]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Antofagasta region</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="136FEED3FFE51807FCC60D98FC69FD1D" box="[886,985,686,712]" captionStart="FIGURE 147" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1178,1202]" captionTargetBox="[185,1349,191,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-17@99.[164,1423,181,1154]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 147. Distribution map of Copestylum gibbera (Schiner, 1868) (yellow circles); Copestylum pseudotachina (Hull, 1936) (blue circles); Copestyllum scutellata (Macquart, 1842) (red circles); Copestylum yura (Curran, 1930) (black circles); Copestylum willinki (Fluke, 1951) (green circles); Ornidia obesa (Fabricius, 1775) (pink circles) in Chile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4693588/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 147</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE51807FF770DE7FB65FD38" blockId="95.[151,1437,397,1181]" box="[199,1237,721,749]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FF770DE7FE2CFD39" bold="true" box="[199,412,721,748]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Altitudinal range.</emphasis>
This species inhabits mainly highland ecosystems (
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FFE51807FC6F0DE4FB21FD38" box="[991,1169,722,749]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="4.0" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.8">3,8004,200 m</quantity>
.a.s.l.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34EA1DDFFE51807FF770DC3FDDBFADD" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE51807FF770DC3FF5EFB81" blockId="95.[151,1437,397,1181]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FF770DC3FE18FCC5" bold="true" box="[199,424,757,784]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Biology and notes.</emphasis>
Although the
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FDE30DC0FC8CFCC5" box="[595,828,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Systema Dipterorum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FCFD0DC0FBDCFCC5" author="Thompson, F. C. &amp; Pape, T" box="[845,1132,758,784]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref141080" refString="Thompson, F. C. &amp; Pape, T (2010) Systema Dipterorum. http: // www. diptera. org / (accessed 20 May 2018)" type="url" year="2010">Thompson &amp; Pape 2010</bibRefCitation>
) reports
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE51807FB650DC0FA2CFCC5" authorityName="Hull" authorityYear="1936" box="[1237,1436,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Tachinosyrphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotachina">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FB650DC0FA2CFCC5" box="[1237,1436,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">C. pseudotachina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE51807FF070C2CFF46FCE1" box="[183,246,794,820]" name="Chile" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Chile</collectingCountry>
, we did not find any article that confirms that this species occurs in the country. Therefore, we treated this species as a new to
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE51807FE180C08FE58FC8D" box="[424,488,830,856]" name="Chile" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Chile</collectingCountry>
. It is the only known syrphid with bristle-like hairs on the abdomen and bare arista, which is considered a novel trait in the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE51807FD120C54FC45FCA9" authority="(Thompson 1972)" baseAuthorityName="Thompson" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[674,1013,866,892]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Volucellini">Volucellini (Thompson 1972)</taxonomicName>
. There are only three records of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F343B2C6FFE51807FEA20CB0FEE1FC75" box="[274,337,902,928]" name="Chile" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Chile</collectingCountry>
, all from highlands in the Chilean altiplano belonging to the Puna province (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FB560CB0FA20FC75" author="Morrone, J. J." box="[1254,1424,902,928]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref135042" refString="Morrone, J. J. (2014) Biogeographical regionalisation of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa, 3782 (1), 1 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3782.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Morrone 2014</bibRefCitation>
), considered a hotspot of biodiversity (Myer
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FD340C9DFD0DFC11" box="[644,701,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
, 2000). There, this species visits yellow flowers of
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE51807FAB90C9CFDBCFC3D" authority="(Meyen) Cabrera" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1954" baseAuthorityName="Meyen" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Parastrephia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FAB90C9CFEF5FC3D" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Parastrephia quadrangularis</emphasis>
(Meyen) Cabrera
</taxonomicName>
(Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia pers. obs.), and
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE51807FBB40CF8FEA2FBD9" authority="(Phil.) Lu-Irving &amp; O'Leary" authorityName="Lu-Irving &amp; O'Leary" baseAuthorityName="Phil." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Aloysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deserticola">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FBB40CF8FB6BFC3D" box="[1028,1243,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Aloysia deserticola</emphasis>
(Phil.) Lu-Irving &amp; OLeary
</taxonomicName>
(Diego Reyes, CSP record), a common plant species that blooms once Bolivian winter is over (
<figureCitation id="136FEED3FFE51807FA9F0CC4FA20FBD9" box="[1327,1424,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURES 140143" captionStartId="96.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1073,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-260@96.[151,1436,1073,1922]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURES 140143. Copestylum willinki (Fluke, 1951): (140) lateral view and (141) dorsal view, female (Photos by Vicente Valdés). (142) Copestylum pseudotachina (Hull, 1936) feeding on Aloysia deserticola (Phil.) Lu-Irving &amp; OLeary, Socaire (Photo by Diego Reyes). (143) Ornidia obesa (Fabricius, 1775), dorsal view (Photo by Vicente Valdés)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4693580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4693580/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 142</figureCitation>
). This species has low abundance and is affected by habitat loss due to mining and water exploitation, and climate change.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE51807FF770B6BFE56FB48" blockId="95.[151,1437,397,1181]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FF770B6BFE0FFBAD" bold="true" box="[199,447,1117,1144]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Conservation status.</emphasis>
EN under B1ab (iii) + 2ab (iii) using EOO =
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FFE51807FC560B68FBE7FBAD" box="[998,1111,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.242" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="km" value="4.242">4,242 km</quantity>
2; AOO =
<quantity id="4CAC5FB3FFE51807FB640B68FAAFFBAD" box="[1236,1311,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C215F1EFFE51807FAAE0B68FA96FBB9" attach="left" box="[1310,1318,1118,1132]" fontSize="6" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">2</superScript>
and three localities (or subpopulations).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEBF256FFE51807FF270BDBFDDBFADD" blockId="95.[151,619,1261,1288]" box="[151,619,1261,1288]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FF270BDBFDDBFADD" bold="true" box="[151,619,1261,1288]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C5489D5FFE51807FEA70BDBFDDBFADD" authority="Curran, 1925" authorityName="Curran" authorityYear="1925" box="[279,619,1261,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Copestylum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Viereckomyia">
<emphasis id="B9202E44FFE51807FEA70BDBFE0CFADD" bold="true" box="[279,444,1261,1288]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Viereckomyia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58FA7FFE51807FE730BDBFDDBFADD" author="Curran, C. H." box="[451,619,1261,1288]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="243 - 253" refId="ref126178" refString="Curran, C. H. (1925) New American Diptera. I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 16, 243 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932508633300" type="journal article" year="1925">Curran, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>