510 lines
71 KiB
XML
510 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="9248CA89CD0489C51DEB099B9AB5F1F4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7172680" ID-ISSN="1944-8120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172680" ID-ZooBank="5C7A03DE-97CB-4527-97D0-7AB071E53B3A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1665283106046" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Otto, Jürgen C. & Hill, David E." docDate="2017" docId="03EF993EFFF2FFF6555FFBAAFEA8F996" docLanguage="en" docName="Peckhamia.147.1.1-86.pdf" docOrigin="Peckhamia 147 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663.3:Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663" docStyleName="Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Saratus hesperus Otto & Hill 2017, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="74F5D70C-D3A8-4A7D-94B3-34D7BF8AE803" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="FFD6E146FFB7FFA5570AFFFCFFAAFF86" masterDocTitle="Five new peacock spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878 and Saratus, new genus)" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1699378244026" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-ND-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-ND-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="D3906649AFB8945165A049020D3E51CF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="96F23165347FCB598EEE9DD0C768F1A4">
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<mods:title id="5438A7B2F583A37496FA27289E86FF45">Five new peacock spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878 and Saratus, new genus)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="23A8A5756AC31D5214F2B7F8254706D3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0297FCA98E924AB135ECD6D6C6990427">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="095A7516ECD75F6AB4B1DFF650A84199">Otto, Jürgen C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9A1090198A09ED5C6A8494B5F24048C6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="93BAF0D0E7A388329D598B69050E37FF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B2A6260D9660AF10EC1D790A535F22A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="733945B982D1D42B62AB2B5E14100B65">Hill, David E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4577AB537E7BDBB76953BAAE8FF6A578">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A38F38F3D9358A4301CC3FA90F908B9B">
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<mods:title id="4C2124932429B482077419F88E7114D9">Peckhamia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8778232FB476E0F12A7C6791FAEBF54C">
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<mods:date id="21864B6A0B7022766FB59413E1954EE2">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E1E80EDD6A023A075B416D7FBDA81BE4" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="A19FFF2C3D42B17D29B620C3447BA960">2017-03-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="72954A0B971F2E01A6EC6E9693004DAA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3523803F1E2DBCD140C7945F07935E34">147</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7E2DE5066FE8C8349EA7621EE678C753" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BE7C1474490075D6B85C5B9983C6AFA8">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3F51E6E402B655C7026B0A5B5E1901E8">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="898046FE65CD27E5FAE9541B3FDB3E90">86</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="3DC0D89FB0979E5E0BB294AF2DC97EAC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BD23E349047192686BB036F281088777" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7172680</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1A2A1F3069A88E6C1EDCDEC52DF63815" type="ISSN">1944-8120</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9B6F4E448AEC4FA30796B045546641E3" type="Zenodo-Dep">7172680</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C6B7CDFBFC5C2F671F8C9109E3CAFFC1" type="ZooBank">5C7A03DE-97CB-4527-97D0-7AB071E53B3A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03EF993EFFF2FFF6555FFBAAFEA8F996" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7169992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7169992" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74F5D70C-D3A8-4A7D-94B3-34D7BF8AE803" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF993EFFF2FFF6555FFBAAFEA8F996" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection id="C35C7BA3FFF2FFE0555FFBAAFBA1FBF5" box="[597,1035,1110,1139]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF2FFE0555FFBAAFBA1FBF5" blockId="69.[597,1035,1110,1139]" box="[597,1035,1110,1139]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<heading id="D0B19F44FFF2FFE0555FFBAAFBA1FBF5" bold="true" box="[597,1035,1110,1139]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF2FFE0555FFBAAFBA1FBF5" bold="true" box="[597,1035,1110,1139]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFF2FFE0555FFBAAFCE7FBF5" ID-CoL="79MG5" authority="Otto & Hill, 2017" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[597,845,1110,1139]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF2FFE0555FFBAAFCE7FBF5" bold="true" box="[597,845,1110,1139]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2014941FFF2FFE05456FBABFBA1FBF5" box="[860,1035,1110,1139]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C7BA3FFF2FFF6576AFB5EFEA8F996" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF2FFE0576AFB5EFC88FA19" blockId="69.[96,1535,1185,1439]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF2FFE0576AFB5EFE9CFB38" box="[96,310,1186,1214]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Type specimens.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B2E2275FFF2FFE0564DFB5DFCB4FA19" collectingDate="2013-10-21" collectingDateMax="2013-10-29" collectingDateMin="2013-10-21" collectorName="S. Harris & Harris, M & All & Australian Museum & Sydney" county="Canberra" latitude="-35.22675" location="Canberra" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="149.19199" municipality="Canberra" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="5" typeStatus="holotype">
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The
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<typeStatus id="54FD968AFFF2FFE05689FB5DFE56FB38" box="[387,508,1185,1214]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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male (
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE05550FB59FDD8FB3B" box="[602,626,1189,1213]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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#1) was collected at Canberra, ACT (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE724EEFFFF2FFE05361FB5DFAA4FB38" box="[1131,1294,1185,1214]" degrees="35.22818" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="1" value="-35.22818">S35.22818°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE724EEFFFF2FFE05210FB5EFA64FB39" box="[1306,1486,1186,1215]" degrees="149.19309" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="1" value="149.19308">E149.19309°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFF80EE8FFF2FFE052D6FB5EFF59FB62" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2013-10-22">
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<collectingDate id="EFBCF700FFF2FFE052D6FB5EFF59FB62" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2013-10-22">22 OCT 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="26B34DFEFFF2FFE0565AFB3BFE78FB62" box="[336,466,1223,1252]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. Harris</collectorName>
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).
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<typeStatus id="54FD968AFFF2FFE05508FB3BFD23FB65" box="[514,649,1223,1251]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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include
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE05405FB3BFC3EFB62" box="[783,916,1223,1252]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE054B8FB37FC60FB65" box="[946,970,1227,1251]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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#2) from
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<location id="8E997EF3FFF2FFE05364FB3BFB44FB62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF993EFFF2FFF6555FFBAAFEA8F996:8E997EF3FFF2FFE05364FB3BFB44FB62" box="[1134,1262,1223,1252]" county="Canberra" latitude="-35.22675" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="149.19199" municipality="Canberra" name="Canberra" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Canberra</location>
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, ACT (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE724EEFFFF2FFE0525CFB3BFA53FB62" box="[1366,1529,1223,1252]" degrees="35.22836" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="1" value="-35.22836">S35.22836°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE724EEFFFF2FFE0576AFB10FEBEFA8F" box="[96,276,1260,1289]" degrees="149.19315" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="1" value="149.19315">E149.19315°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFF80EE8FFF2FFE0562BFB11FE7DFA8C" box="[289,471,1261,1290]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2013-10-21">
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<collectingDate id="EFBCF700FFF2FFE0562BFB11FE7DFA8C" box="[289,471,1261,1290]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2013-10-21">21 OCT 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="26B34DFEFFF2FFE05529FB11FD36FA8F" box="[547,668,1260,1290]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. Harris</collectorName>
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),
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE055B8FB11FC95FA8F" box="[690,831,1260,1289]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE0545EFB0CFCC6FA8E" box="[852,876,1264,1288]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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#3-4) and
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE05309FB11FB30FA8F" box="[1027,1178,1260,1289]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE053A5FB0CFB6DFA8E" box="[1199,1223,1264,1288]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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#2) from the
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<location id="8E997EF3FFF2FFE0528EFB10FEB4FAA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF993EFFF2FFF6555FFBAAFEA8F996:8E997EF3FFF2FFE0528EFB10FEB4FAA9" county="Canberra" latitude="-35.22675" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="149.19199" municipality="Canberra" name="Namadgi National Park" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Namadgi National Park</location>
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gate south of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B9DB252FFF2FFE056EEFAEEFDCFFAA9" box="[484,613,1298,1327]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Canberra</collectingMunicipality>
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, ACT (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE724EEFFFF2FFE055B7FAEDFCCBFAA8" box="[701,865,1297,1326]" degrees="35.68806" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="1" value="-35.68806">S35.68806°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE724EEFFFF2FFE05464FAEEFB89FAA9" box="[878,1059,1298,1327]" degrees="149.08194" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="1" value="149.08194">E149.08194°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFF80EE8FFF2FFE0533BFAEEFB40FAA9" box="[1073,1258,1298,1327]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2013-10-27">
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<collectingDate id="EFBCF700FFF2FFE0533BFAEEFB40FAA9" box="[1073,1258,1298,1327]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2013-10-27">27 OCT 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="26B34DFEFFF2FFE05233FAEEFA1FFAA9" box="[1337,1461,1298,1327]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. Harris</collectorName>
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),
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE052C1FAEEFF11FAD2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingCounty id="629850A4FFF2FFE05606FACBFE21FAD2" box="[268,395,1335,1364]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Canberra</collectingCounty>
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, ACT (
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE056E9FAC7FE51FAD5" box="[483,507,1339,1363]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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#5) (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE724EEFFFF2FFE0554EFACBFD4DFAD2" box="[580,743,1335,1364]" degrees="35.22675" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="1" value="-35.22675">S35.22675°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE724EEFFFF2FFE055F8FACBFC0CFAD2" box="[754,934,1335,1364]" degrees="149.19198" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="1" value="149.19199">E149.19198°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFF80EE8FFF2FFE054B8FACBFBCCFAD2" box="[946,1126,1335,1364]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2013-10-29">
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<collectingDate id="EFBCF700FFF2FFE054B8FACBFBCCFAD2" box="[946,1126,1335,1364]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2013-10-29">29 OCT 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="26B34DFEFFF2FFE053BAFACBFA8FFAD2" box="[1200,1317,1335,1364]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. Harris</collectorName>
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, M. Girard), and
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE0576AFAA1FF5DFAFC" box="[96,247,1373,1402]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE05601FA9CFE89FAFE" box="[267,291,1376,1400]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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#4) reared from eggs deposited by one of the other
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE054FAFAA1FB3DFAFC" box="[1008,1175,1373,1402]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
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(
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE053A6FA9CFB6EFAFE" box="[1196,1220,1376,1400]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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# 2 or
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<specimenCount id="9D40E3A1FFF2FFE05215FA9CFA9DFAFE" box="[1311,1335,1376,1400]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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#5).
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<collectorName id="26B34DFEFFF2FFE0528CFAA1FA06FAFC" box="[1414,1452,1373,1402]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">All</collectorName>
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types will be deposited in the
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<collectorName id="26B34DFEFFF2FFE056AFFA7EFD1AFA19" box="[421,688,1410,1439]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Australian Museum</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26B34DFEFFF2FFE055B6FA7EFCB4FA19" box="[700,798,1410,1439]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sydney</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF2FFE0576AFA31FA69F989" blockId="69.[96,1534,1485,1551]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF2FFE0576AFA31FF47FA6C" box="[96,237,1485,1514]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Etymology</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFF2FFE05601FA32FE2FFA6C" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[267,389,1486,1514]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
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<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF2FFE05601FA32FE2FFA6C" box="[267,389,1486,1514]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Hesperus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(noun in apposition, m.) is the Latin name for the planet Venus as the Morning Star, corresponding to the white to light yellow spot at the centre of the dorsal opisthosoma of this species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF2FFE0576AF9C2FB95F890" blockId="69.[96,1535,1597,1814]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF2FFE0576AF9C2FF4BF9DC" box="[96,225,1598,1626]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFF2FFE057F4F9C2FE42F9DC" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[254,488,1597,1626]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
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<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF2FFE057F4F9C2FE42F9DC" box="[254,488,1597,1626]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the only known representative of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFF2FFE0538AF9C2FB4CF9DC" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[1152,1254,1598,1626]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF2FFE0538AF9C2FB4CF9DC" box="[1152,1254,1598,1626]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Saratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Colouration of the adult male (
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<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF2FFE0560FF99FFE66F906" box="[261,460,1635,1664]" captionStart-0="Figure 79" captionStart-1="Figure 80" captionStartId-0="70.[115,194,1974,1998]" captionStartId-1="71.[191,270,1983,2007]" captionTargetBox-0="[115,1517,601,1963]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1441,461,1974]" captionTargetId-0="figure-198@70.[478,865,977,1482]" captionTargetId-1="figure-131@71.[681,1072,1212,1607]" captionTargetPageId-0="70" captionTargetPageId-1="71" captionText-0="Figure 79. Living holotype (1-6) and paratype (7-9) male Saratus hesperus." captionText-1="Figure 80. Living paratype male Saratus hesperus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172939" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172941" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172939/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172941/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figures 79-80</figureCitation>
|
|
) is distinctive, with a bright white or light yellow spot at the centre of a dark purple to dark blue or black background (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF2FFE055AAF974FC83F920" box="[672,809,1672,1702]" captionStart="Figure 82" captionStartId="72.[96,175,1243,1267]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,757,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-174@72.[498,852,757,1235]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 82. Opisthosoma of holotype (1-3) and paratype (4) male Saratus hesperus. At the centre is a distinctive patch of white or light yellow pigmented scales. Surrounding this patch the saturated dark purple to dark blue or black (based on illumination) colouration of the dorsum is associated with structure of the underlying cuticle, and this has a cover of scattered, long black scales. On the lateral margins are many iridescent or transparent blue-green to blue scales, the colour of which appears to originate with the underlying cuticle. Flanking the margins of the dorsum is a wide dark grey lateral band covered with many black scales and setae, and below this the opisthosoma has a dense cover of bright white setae (3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172949/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figure 82</figureCitation>
|
|
), flanked on either side by a light blue margin of the dorsal opisthosoma (fan), in turn flanked on either side by a broad black band. The carapace is black, but the legs are all light yellow. The dorsal opisthosoma of the female is brown, with lateral marginal bands of lighter brown setae outlined with darker brown setae (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF2FFE05461F905FB9AF890" box="[875,1072,1785,1814]" captionStart-0="Figure 86" captionStart-1="Figure 87" captionStartId-0="75.[96,175,1924,1948]" captionStartId-1="76.[96,175,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1537,347,1916]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1537,167,1497]" captionTargetId-0="figure-64@75.[627,1095,776,1150]" captionTargetId-1="figure-182@76.[521,948,597,1092]" captionTargetPageId-0="75" captionTargetPageId-1="76" captionText-0="Figure 86. Two living female Saratus hesperus (1-5, 6-12)." captionText-1="Figure 87. Three living female Saratus hesperus (1-5, 6-7, 8-9)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172955" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172957" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172955/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172957/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figures 86-87</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF2FFE3576AF8B9FF49FD9A" blockId="69.[96,1534,1860,2001]" lastBlockId="70.[96,1535,174,540]" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF2FFE0576AF8B9FECFF8E7" box="[96,357,1860,1889]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Description of male</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF2FFE0567DF8B8FDA5F8E7" box="[375,527,1860,1889]" captionStart="Figure 79" captionStartId="70.[115,194,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[115,1517,601,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-198@70.[478,865,977,1482]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 79. Living holotype (1-6) and paratype (7-9) male Saratus hesperus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172939/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figures 79</figureCitation>
|
|
-85). Males are
|
|
<quantity id="4CBE85CDFFF2FFE055F8F8B8FC25F8E6" box="[754,911,1860,1889]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4-3.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
in length (n=4). The chelicerae, clypeus, and lower carapace, on the sides and to the rear, are black and glabrous. The carapace has no marginal band. The top of the carapace is also black, but bears a cover of scales along the anterior and lateral margins. A band of white scales extends from the top of the carapace behind each PLE to the front of the eye region, but the centre of the eye region is black and glabrous. Below this band there is a band of dull-red scales running below the posterior eyes on either side and through the lower part of the anterior eyes in front (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF1FFE35760FF05FF53FE90" box="[106,249,249,278]" captionStart="Figure 79" captionStartId="70.[115,194,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[115,1517,601,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-198@70.[478,865,977,1482]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 79. Living holotype (1-6) and paratype (7-9) male Saratus hesperus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172939/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 79</figureCitation>
|
|
: 6). The PME are closer to the PLE than to the AME. The dorsal opisthosoma has a spot comprised of white to light yellow pigmented scales at the centre of a large, nearly rectangular dark purple to dark blue or black figure (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF1FFE35550FEBFFD4DFEE7" box="[602,743,323,353]" captionStart="Figure 82" captionStartId="72.[96,175,1243,1267]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,757,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-174@72.[498,852,757,1235]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 82. Opisthosoma of holotype (1-3) and paratype (4) male Saratus hesperus. At the centre is a distinctive patch of white or light yellow pigmented scales. Surrounding this patch the saturated dark purple to dark blue or black (based on illumination) colouration of the dorsum is associated with structure of the underlying cuticle, and this has a cover of scattered, long black scales. On the lateral margins are many iridescent or transparent blue-green to blue scales, the colour of which appears to originate with the underlying cuticle. Flanking the margins of the dorsum is a wide dark grey lateral band covered with many black scales and setae, and below this the opisthosoma has a dense cover of bright white setae (3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172949/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 82</figureCitation>
|
|
). The margins are covered with light blue to blue-green iridescent scales. At the front is a wide band of white setae, truncated at each side of the dorsum. Below the dorsum there is a wide black band flanked by a wide white band on either side of the opisthosoma. The ventral opisthosoma has a cover of off-white setae flanked on either side by a black stripe (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF1FFE352A9FE48FF2CFE71" captionStart="Figure 81" captionStartId="72.[314,393,669,693]" captionTargetBox="[317,1315,165,657]" captionTargetId="figure-162@72.[797,1315,165,657]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 81. Ventral view of living holotype (1) and paratype (2) male Saratus hesperus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172945/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 81</figureCitation>
|
|
). The posterior lateral spinnerets are white and can be extended during display. The other spinnerets are black.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFF1FFE35779F84AFC67F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172939" box="[115,973,1974,1999]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172939/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" startId="70.[115,194,1974,1998]" targetBox="[115,1517,601,1963]" targetPageId="70">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF1FFE35779F84AFC67F848" blockId="70.[115,1134,1930,1999]" box="[115,973,1974,1999]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF1FFE35779F84AFF44F848" bold="true" box="[115,238,1974,1998]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 79.</emphasis>
|
|
Living holotype (1-6) and paratype (7-9) male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFF1FFE35401F84BFC62F848" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[779,968,1974,1998]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF1FFE35401F84BFC62F848" box="[779,968,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF0FFE2576AFF52FBA9FE00" blockId="71.[96,1535,174,390]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
Viewed from below, the coxae of the legs are black and translucent, and the sternum, labium and endites are black. Distal to the coxae the legs are uniform light-yellow in colour, and somewhat translucent. Legs I and
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED57B0EDFFF0FFE257BFFF05FF66FE93" box="[181,204,249,277]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">II</collectionCode>
|
|
are shorter and about the same length, legs
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED57B0EDFFF0FFE25443FF05FCC0FE93" box="[841,874,249,277]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">III</collectionCode>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED57B0EDFFF0FFE254B8FF05FC78FE93" box="[946,978,249,277]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IV</collectionCode>
|
|
are longer, and legs
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED57B0EDFFF0FFE253F3FF05FAB0FE93" box="[1273,1306,249,277]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">III</collectionCode>
|
|
are the longest. Except for the cymbium, which is dark brown, each pedipalp has a dorsal cover of long, bright white setae. The tegulum and RTA of the pedipalp resemble those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFF0FFE25451FEB8FC61FEE6" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[859,971,324,352]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF0FFE25451FEB8FC61FEE6" box="[859,971,324,352]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Maratus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but the embolus appears only as a short, curved spike above a small process of sclerotized cuticle (Figure 85).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFF0FFE257B5F843FD56F851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172941" box="[191,764,1983,2008]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172941/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" startId="71.[191,270,1983,2007]" targetBox="[192,1441,461,1974]" targetPageId="71">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF0FFE257B5F843FD56F851" blockId="71.[191,1126,1945,2008]" box="[191,764,1983,2008]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF0FFE257B5F843FE90F851" bold="true" box="[191,314,1983,2007]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figure 80.</emphasis>
|
|
Living paratype male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFF0FFE25530F83CFD5DF851" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[570,759,1983,2007]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF0FFE25530F83CFD5DF851" box="[570,759,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFFFFFED5630FD61FAA7FD32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172945" box="[314,1293,669,693]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172945/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" startId="72.[314,393,669,693]" targetBox="[317,1315,165,657]" targetPageId="72">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFFFFED5630FD61FAA7FD32" blockId="72.[314,1303,627,693]" box="[314,1293,669,693]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFFFFED5630FD61FE1FFD33" bold="true" box="[314,437,669,693]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 81.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral view of living holotype (1) and paratype (2) male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFFFFED5341FD61FAA2FD33" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[1099,1288,669,693]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFFFFED5341FD61FAA2FD33" box="[1099,1288,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFFFFFED576AFB27FA9FFA16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172949" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172949/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" startId="72.[96,175,1243,1267]" targetBox="[96,1536,757,1235]" targetPageId="72">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFFFFED576AFB27FA9FFA16" blockId="72.[96,1534,1243,1425]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFFFFED576AFB27FF71FB75" bold="true" box="[96,219,1243,1267]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figure 82.</emphasis>
|
|
Opisthosoma of holotype (1-3) and paratype (4) male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFFFFED5444FB20FBA6FB75" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[846,1036,1243,1267]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFFFFED5444FB20FBA6FB75" box="[846,1036,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. At the centre is a distinctive patch of white or light yellow pigmented scales. Surrounding this patch the saturated dark purple to dark blue or black (based on illumination) colouration of the dorsum is associated with structure of the underlying cuticle, and this has a cover of scattered, long black scales. On the lateral margins are many iridescent or transparent blue-green to blue scales, the colour of which appears to originate with the underlying cuticle. Flanking the margins of the dorsum is a wide dark grey lateral band covered with many black scales and setae, and below this the opisthosoma has a dense cover of bright white setae (3).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFFEFFEC576AF886FA14F815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172951" box="[96,1470,1914,1939]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172951/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" startId="73.[96,175,1914,1938]" targetBox="[96,1537,167,1905]" targetPageId="73">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFEFFEC576AF886FA14F815" blockId="73.[96,1470,1914,1939]" box="[96,1470,1914,1939]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFEFFEC576AF886FF71F814" bold="true" box="[96,219,1914,1938]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figure 84.</emphasis>
|
|
Holotype (1-4 & 14) and three (5-8 & 15, 9-12 & 16, 13 & 17) paratype male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFEFFEC5343F887FAACF815" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[1097,1286,1915,1939]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFEFFEC5343F887FAACF815" box="[1097,1286,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
fixed in alcohol.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFCFFEE576AFF53FC52FE90" blockId="75.[96,1535,173,278]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFCFFEE576AFF53FE2BFF4D" box="[96,385,174,203]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Description of female</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFFCFFEE569CFF52FDF5FF4D" box="[406,607,174,203]" captionStart-0="Figure 86" captionStart-1="Figure 87" captionStart-2="Figure 88" captionStart-3="Figure 89" captionStart-4="Figure 90" captionStartId-0="75.[96,175,1924,1948]" captionStartId-1="76.[96,175,1505,1529]" captionStartId-2="77.[96,175,1127,1151]" captionStartId-3="77.[96,176,1665,1689]" captionStartId-4="78.[96,175,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1537,347,1916]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1537,167,1497]" captionTargetBox-2="[96,1536,643,1114]" captionTargetBox-3="[96,1536,1211,1653]" captionTargetBox-4="[96,1536,167,1576]" captionTargetId-0="figure-64@75.[627,1095,776,1150]" captionTargetId-1="figure-182@76.[521,948,597,1092]" captionTargetId-2="figure-216@77.[696,1138,643,1114]" captionTargetId-3="figure-234@77.[579,1073,1211,1653]" captionTargetId-4="figure-113@78.[551,831,673,1222]" captionTargetPageId-0="75" captionTargetPageId-1="76" captionTargetPageId-2="77" captionTargetPageId-3="77" captionTargetPageId-4="78" captionText-0="Figure 86. Two living female Saratus hesperus (1-5, 6-12)." captionText-1="Figure 87. Three living female Saratus hesperus (1-5, 6-7, 8-9)." captionText-2="Figure 88. Ventral view of three living female Saratus hesperus." captionText-3="Figure 89. Ventral view of the epigynum of three female Saratus hesperus. 2, If visible, the anterior margins of the relatively small fossae (arrows) are indistinct. Note the sclerotized duct at the anteromedial corner of each large posterior spermatheca." captionText-4="Figure 90. Three female Saratus hesperus fixed in alcohol (1-2 & 9, 3-4 & 11, 5-8 & 10)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172955" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172957" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172959" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172961" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172963" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172955/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172957/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7172959/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7172961/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7172963/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figures 86-90</figureCitation>
|
|
). Females are
|
|
<quantity id="4CBE85CDFFFCFFEE5439FF51FC79FF4C" box="[819,979,173,202]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="3.95" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4-4.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
in length (n=3). They resemble female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFCFFEE576AFF28FE94FF76" box="[96,318,211,240]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFCFFEE576AFF28FF7AFF76" box="[96,208,212,240]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Maratus</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and when viewed from above they have a uniform brown colouration marked only by a lighter, off-white marginal band that circles the dorsal opisthosoma.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFFCFFEE576AF878FD52F81A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172955" box="[96,760,1924,1948]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172955/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[96,175,1924,1948]" targetBox="[96,1537,347,1916]" targetPageId="75">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFCFFEE576AF878FD52F81A" blockId="75.[96,1056,1887,1948]" box="[96,760,1924,1948]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFCFFEE576AF878FF71F81A" bold="true" box="[96,219,1924,1948]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figure 86.</emphasis>
|
|
Two living female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFCFFEE56BFF878FDD8F81A" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[437,626,1924,1948]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFCFFEE56BFF878FDD8F81A" box="[437,626,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(1-5, 6-12).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFFBFFE9576AFA1DFC87FA7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172957" box="[96,813,1505,1530]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172957/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" startId="76.[96,175,1505,1529]" targetBox="[96,1537,167,1497]" targetPageId="76">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFBFFE9576AFA1DFC87FA7C" blockId="76.[96,1168,1464,1530]" box="[96,813,1505,1530]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFBFFE9576AFA1DFF71FA7F" bold="true" box="[96,219,1505,1529]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figure 87.</emphasis>
|
|
Three living female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFBFFE956CDFA1EFD2EFA7C" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[455,644,1506,1530]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFBFFE956CDFA1EFD2EFA7C" box="[455,644,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(1-5, 6-7, 8-9).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFBFFE9576AF9D4FE93F8A0" blockId="76.[96,1534,1576,1830]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">The pedipalps are mostly glabrous, light-brown, and translucent with scattered off-white setae. The chelicerae, clypeus, sides, and rear of the carapace are light brown, translucent and mostly glabrous. Longer off-white setae extend anteromedially below the front eyes. The thick lateral rims of the carapace are clearly visible and there are no marginal bands. The dorsal carapace including the eye region and the cuticle underlying the lateral eyes is dark with a relatively uniform cover of light-brown to brown or redbrown setae. This cover is dense in the eye region and sparse behind this. The PME are closer to the PLE than to the ALE.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFBFFE8576AF8AFFAA5FE00" blockId="76.[96,1533,1875,1979]" lastBlockId="77.[96,1534,174,390]" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
|
The dorsal opisthosoma is covered with dense light to dark-brown scales or setae, flanked at the front and sides by a more-or-less distinct band of light brown scales or setae. The sides and underside of the opisthosoma are light brown with a covering of off-white scales or setae. The sides of the opisthosoma are mottled with dark brown spots, a feature that is more evident in specimens under alcohol. Below the opisthosoma is mottled with a pair of more-or-less distinct lateral lines, all dark brown (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFFAFFE85215FF2FFA00FF76" box="[1311,1450,211,240]" captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="77.[96,175,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,643,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-216@77.[696,1138,643,1114]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figure 88. Ventral view of three living female Saratus hesperus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172959/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 88</figureCitation>
|
|
). The coxae, sternum, labium and endites are all light-brown and translucent. The legs are uniform in colouration, light-brown to brown and translucent with relatively few setae above and on the sides. Isolated black spots may be present under the proximal or distal ends of each femur. Legs I and
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED57B0EDFFFAFFE852B8FEB8FA62FEE6" box="[1458,1480,324,352]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">II</collectionCode>
|
|
are shorter and about the same length, and legs III-IV are longer, also about the same length.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFAFFE8576AFE48FD02FDC7" blockId="77.[96,1536,436,577]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
|
The epigynum of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFAFFE856AFFE49FD3AFE57" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[421,656,436,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFAFFE856AFFE49FD3AFE57" box="[421,656,436,465]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
female (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFFAFFE8541CFE48FC0CFE57" box="[790,934,436,465]" captionStart="Figure 89" captionStartId="77.[96,176,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,1211,1653]" captionTargetId="figure-234@77.[579,1073,1211,1653]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figure 89. Ventral view of the epigynum of three female Saratus hesperus. 2, If visible, the anterior margins of the relatively small fossae (arrows) are indistinct. Note the sclerotized duct at the anteromedial corner of each large posterior spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172961/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 89</figureCitation>
|
|
) differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFAFFE85376FE49FB46FE57" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" box="[1148,1260,437,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFAFFE85376FE49FB46FE57" box="[1148,1260,437,465]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Maratus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in that the fossae (windows or fenestrae) are poorly defined and the large posterior spermathecae lie almost directly above these (
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFAFFE857CDFE03FEBCFD9A" box="[199,278,511,540]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">below</emphasis>
|
|
in the ventral view shown here). Heavily sclerotized ducts can be seen above the anteromedial corners of the spermathecae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFFAFFE8576AFB9BFC98FBF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172959" box="[96,818,1127,1152]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172959/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" startId="77.[96,175,1127,1151]" targetBox="[96,1536,643,1114]" targetPageId="77">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFAFFE8576AFB9BFC98FBF9" blockId="77.[96,1523,1081,1152]" box="[96,818,1127,1152]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFAFFE8576AFB9BFF71FB06" bold="true" box="[96,219,1127,1152]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 88.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral view of three living female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFAFFE8557AFB94FC87FB06" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[624,813,1128,1152]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFAFFE8557AFB94FC87FB06" box="[624,813,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFFAFFE8576AF97DFA5DF93E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172961/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" startId="77.[96,176,1665,1689]" targetBox="[96,1536,1211,1653]" targetPageId="77">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFFAFFE8576AF97DFA5DF93E" blockId="77.[96,1535,1618,1720]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFAFFE8576AF97DFF76F91F" bold="true" box="[96,220,1665,1689]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 89.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral view of the epigynum of three female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFFAFFE855F3F97DFC1DF91F" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[761,951,1665,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFAFFE855F3F97DFC1DF91F" box="[761,951,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFFAFFE854C1F97DFC4BF91F" bold="true" box="[971,993,1665,1689]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">2,</emphasis>
|
|
If visible, the anterior margins of the relatively small fossae (arrows) are indistinct. Note the sclerotized duct at the anteromedial corner of each large posterior spermatheca.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFF9FFEB576AF9CEFB97F9CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172963" box="[96,1085,1586,1611]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172963/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" startId="78.[96,175,1586,1610]" targetBox="[96,1536,167,1576]" targetPageId="78">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF9FFEB576AF9CEFB97F9CD" blockId="78.[96,1085,1549,1611]" box="[96,1085,1586,1611]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF9FFEB576AF9CEFF71F9CC" bold="true" box="[96,219,1586,1610]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 90.</emphasis>
|
|
Three female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFF9FFEB5688F9CFFD95F9CD" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[386,575,1587,1611]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF9FFEB5688F9CFFD95F9CD" box="[386,575,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
fixed in alcohol (1-2 & 9, 3-4 & 11, 5-8 & 10).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF9FFEB576AF986FC70F8AD" blockId="78.[96,1535,1657,1836]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF9FFEB576AF986FF58F910" box="[96,242,1658,1686]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Immatures</emphasis>
|
|
. Emergent (second instar) juveniles have a distinctive set of eight black spots on the dorsal opisthosoma (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF9FFEB562BF962FE01F93A" box="[289,427,1694,1724]" captionStart="Figure 91" captionStartId="79.[96,176,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,165,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-1@79.[473,837,909,1218]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 91. Immature Saratus hesperus. 1-2, Emergent (second instar) juvenile with mother. 3-6, Emergent (second instar) juveniles. 7-18, Dated series of photos showing stages of development of three juveniles (7-12, 13-14, 15-18)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172969/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 91</figureCitation>
|
|
: 1-6). As they mature, these spots gradually disappear or coalesce (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF9FFEB5241F962FA7EF93A" box="[1355,1492,1694,1724]" captionStart="Figure 91" captionStartId="79.[96,176,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,165,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-1@79.[473,837,909,1218]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 91. Immature Saratus hesperus. 1-2, Emergent (second instar) juvenile with mother. 3-6, Emergent (second instar) juveniles. 7-18, Dated series of photos showing stages of development of three juveniles (7-12, 13-14, 15-18)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172969/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 91</figureCitation>
|
|
: 7- 18). The mother of an emergent juvenile pounced on it as if capturing prey, held it for several seconds, and then released it unharmed (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFF9FFEB551CF915FD35F881" box="[534,671,1769,1799]" captionStart="Figure 91" captionStartId="79.[96,176,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,165,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-1@79.[473,837,909,1218]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 91. Immature Saratus hesperus. 1-2, Emergent (second instar) juvenile with mother. 3-6, Emergent (second instar) juveniles. 7-18, Dated series of photos showing stages of development of three juveniles (7-12, 13-14, 15-18)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172969/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 91</figureCitation>
|
|
: 2). This suggests that a female can discriminate between prey and emergent conspecifics, or is able to recognise her own young.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFF8FFEA576AF876FAE9F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172969/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[96,176,1930,1954]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1920]" targetPageId="79">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFF8FFEA576AF876FAE9F847" blockId="79.[96,1536,1930,1986]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF8FFEA576AF876FF77F824" bold="true" box="[96,221,1930,1954]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figure 91.</emphasis>
|
|
Immature
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFF8FFEA566CF876FD8FF824" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[358,549,1930,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF8FFEA566CF876FD8FF824" box="[358,549,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF8FFEA5530F876FDC3F824" bold="true" box="[570,617,1930,1954]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">1-2,</emphasis>
|
|
Emergent (second instar) juvenile with mother.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF8FFEA53A9F876FB7BF824" bold="true" box="[1187,1233,1930,1954]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">3-6,</emphasis>
|
|
Emergent (second instar) juveniles.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFF8FFEA57DDF855FEBFF847" bold="true" box="[215,277,1961,1985]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">7-18,</emphasis>
|
|
Dated series of photos showing stages of development of three juveniles (7-12, 13-14, 15-18).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFE7FFF5576AFF50FA24FE00" blockId="80.[96,1536,172,390]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE7FFF5576AFF50FEECFF4C" box="[96,326,172,203]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Courtship display</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFE7FFF5565DFF52FDB7FF4D" box="[343,541,174,203]" captionStart-0="Figure 92" captionStart-1="Figure 93" captionStart-2="Figure 94" captionStart-3="Figure 95" captionStart-4="Figure 96" captionStartId-0="80.[98,177,1952,1976]" captionStartId-1="81.[96,176,1833,1857]" captionStartId-2="82.[96,175,1633,1657]" captionStartId-3="83.[96,175,734,758]" captionStartId-4="83.[96,175,1278,1302]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1537,465,1944]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1538,167,1824]" captionTargetBox-2="[96,1537,165,1624]" captionTargetBox-3="[96,1536,167,722]" captionTargetBox-4="[96,1537,973,1267]" captionTargetId-0="figure-147@80.[596,1118,907,1524]" captionTargetId-1="figure-86@81.[665,969,630,1039]" captionTargetPageId-0="80" captionTargetPageId-1="81" captionTargetPageId-2="82" captionTargetPageId-3="83" captionTargetPageId-4="83" captionText-0="Figure 92. Display positions of three different male Saratus hesperus (1, 2, 3-10). Note how the pedipalps are raised and held to the sides of the AME. 9, Bilateral extension of legs III." captionText-1="Figure 93. Display positions of a male Saratus hesperus. 4-9, Sequential positions with white posterior lateral spinnerets extended. During this display the male pivots from one position to the next very quickly (staccato or interrupted movement). Note elevation and separation of the pedipalps. 11, 14, Rapid extension and vibration of legs III with the opisthosoma depressed. 12-13, Posterolateral and posterior views showing extension of the pedicel. 15, Lateral view." captionText-2="Figure 94. Sequential but not consecutive frames from a 25fps video of a male Saratus hesperus displaying in front of a female. 1-2, Sudden movement or pivot to one side with the fan elevated. 3-4, Bobbing the depressed opisthosoma, followed by extension of legs III. 5-10, Consecutive frames (0.04s/frame) showing rapid, continuous up-and-down vibration of the extended legs III as the opisthosoma was depressed. 12-19, Successive positions assumed during intermittent (staccato or interrupted) pivoting and stepping to one side (12-17) and then to the other side (18-19) with the fan elevated." captionText-3="Figure 95. Consecutive video frames (25fps) showing vibration of legs I and bobbing of the depressed opisthosoma (arrows) during the final approach of a male Saratus hesperus to a female that may be a Maratus volans (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1874)." captionText-4="Figure 96. Sequential photographs showing "coy" or rejection behaviour of a female Saratus hesperus (at right), after turning aways from a courting male. Movement of the opisthosoma from side to side by females in this situation has also been observed in a number of different Maratus species." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172971" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172975" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172977" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172979" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172983" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172971/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172975/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7172977/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7172979/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7172983/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figures 92-96</figureCitation>
|
|
). When courting a female, the male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE7FFF5531BFF50FB59FF4C" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[1041,1267,172,203]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE7FFF5531BFF50FB59FF4C" box="[1041,1267,172,203]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
alternates between elevation of the fan with extended spinnerets, and sudden extension and vibration of legs
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED57B0EDFFE7FFF55228FF28FAEBFF76" box="[1314,1345,212,240]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">III</collectionCode>
|
|
accompanied by depression of the opisthosoma (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFE7FFF55558FF05FD4BFE90" box="[594,737,249,278]" captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="82.[96,175,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,165,1624]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 94. Sequential but not consecutive frames from a 25fps video of a male Saratus hesperus displaying in front of a female. 1-2, Sudden movement or pivot to one side with the fan elevated. 3-4, Bobbing the depressed opisthosoma, followed by extension of legs III. 5-10, Consecutive frames (0.04s/frame) showing rapid, continuous up-and-down vibration of the extended legs III as the opisthosoma was depressed. 12-19, Successive positions assumed during intermittent (staccato or interrupted) pivoting and stepping to one side (12-17) and then to the other side (18-19) with the fan elevated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172977/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 94</figureCitation>
|
|
). When the fan is elevated the male may make sudden, interrupted steps to either side, and the pedipalps are raised and held to the side to expose the chelicerae to view from the front. This is "staccato" (not smooth) movement. During the final approach to a female, the male bobs his depressed opisthosoma and rapidly vibrates the outstretched legs I (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFE7FFF553FCFE95FAD5FE00" box="[1270,1407,361,390]" captionStart="Figure 95" captionStartId="83.[96,175,734,758]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,167,722]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figure 95. Consecutive video frames (25fps) showing vibration of legs I and bobbing of the depressed opisthosoma (arrows) during the final approach of a male Saratus hesperus to a female that may be a Maratus volans (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1874)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172979/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 95</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFE7FFF55768F85CFD76F851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172971/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[98,177,1952,1976]" targetBox="[96,1537,465,1944]" targetPageId="80">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFE7FFF55768F85CFD76F851" blockId="80.[98,1534,1912,2008]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE7FFF55768F85CFF77F83E" bold="true" box="[98,221,1952,1976]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 92.</emphasis>
|
|
Display positions of three different male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE7FFF555B0F862FCD2F83E" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[698,888,1950,1976]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE7FFF555B0F862FCD2F83E" box="[698,888,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(1, 2, 3-10). Note how the pedipalps are raised and held to the sides of the AME.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE7FFF5567DF843FE26F851" bold="true" box="[375,396,1983,2007]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">9,</emphasis>
|
|
Bilateral extension of legs III.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFE6FFF4576AF8D5FAA2F819" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172975/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" startId="81.[96,176,1833,1857]" targetBox="[96,1538,167,1824]" targetPageId="81">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFE6FFF4576AF8D5FAA2F819" blockId="81.[96,1534,1793,1951]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE6FFF4576AF8D5FF74F8C7" bold="true" box="[96,222,1833,1857]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 93.</emphasis>
|
|
Display positions of a male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE6FFF4553DF8D4FD52F8C7" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[567,760,1832,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE6FFF4553DF8D4FD52F8C7" box="[567,760,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE6FFF4541AF8D5FC94F8C7" bold="true" box="[784,830,1833,1857]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">4-9,</emphasis>
|
|
Sequential positions with white posterior lateral spinnerets extended. During this display the male pivots from one position to the next very quickly (staccato or interrupted movement). Note elevation and separation of the pedipalps.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE6FFF455A7F894FCA9F806" bold="true" box="[685,771,1896,1920]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">11, 14,</emphasis>
|
|
Rapid extension and vibration of legs III with the opisthosoma depressed.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE6FFF457ECF87BFE9EF819" bold="true" box="[230,308,1927,1951]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">12-13,</emphasis>
|
|
Posterolateral and posterior views showing extension of the pedicel.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE6FFF45346F87BFBD8F819" bold="true" box="[1100,1138,1927,1951]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">15,</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFE5FFF7576AF99DFAE0F971" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172977/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" startId="82.[96,175,1633,1657]" targetBox="[96,1537,165,1624]" targetPageId="82">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFE5FFF7576AF99DFAE0F971" blockId="82.[96,1536,1632,1783]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE5FFF7576AF99DFF71F9FF" bold="true" box="[96,219,1633,1657]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figure 94.</emphasis>
|
|
Sequential but not consecutive frames from a 25fps video of a male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE5FFF754ECF99CFB09F9FF" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[998,1187,1632,1657]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE5FFF754ECF99CFB09F9FF" box="[998,1187,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
displaying in front of a female.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE5FFF7576AF97DFF25F91F" bold="true" box="[96,143,1665,1689]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1-2,</emphasis>
|
|
Sudden movement or pivot to one side with the fan elevated.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE5FFF7548CF97DFC1EF91F" bold="true" box="[902,948,1665,1689]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3-4,</emphasis>
|
|
Bobbing the depressed opisthosoma, followed by extension of legs III.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE5FFF75665F95CFE07F93E" bold="true" box="[367,429,1696,1720]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5-10,</emphasis>
|
|
Consecutive frames (0.04s/frame) showing rapid, continuous up-and-down vibration of the extended legs III as the opisthosoma was depressed.
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE5FFF755D8F943FC8AF951" bold="true" box="[722,800,1727,1751]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">12-19,</emphasis>
|
|
Successive positions assumed during intermittent (staccato or interrupted) pivoting and stepping to one side (12-17) and then to the other side (18-19) with the fan elevated.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFE4FFF6576AFD22FA7DFC93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172979/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[96,175,734,758]" targetBox="[96,1536,167,722]" targetPageId="83">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFE4FFF6576AFD22FA7DFC93" blockId="83.[96,1534,734,790]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF6576AFD22FF76FD70" bold="true" box="[96,220,734,758]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figure 95.</emphasis>
|
|
Consecutive video frames (25fps) showing vibration of legs I and bobbing of the depressed opisthosoma (arrows) during the final approach of a male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE4FFF656F8FD00FD05FC93" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[498,687,764,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF656F8FD00FD05FC93" box="[498,687,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to a female that may be a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE4FFF654DFFD00FA78FC90" authority="(O. Pickard-Cambridge 1874)" baseAuthorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[981,1490,764,790]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF654DFFD00FBD5FC93" box="[981,1151,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Maratus volans</emphasis>
|
|
(O.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD755D9FFE4FFF653A6FD02FA60FC90" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O." box="[1196,1482,766,790]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="169 - 183" refId="ref13829" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. 1874. On some new genera and species of Araneida. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 4, volume 14, Issue Number 81, Paper 24: 169 - 183, plate XVII." type="journal article" year="1874">Pickard-Cambridge 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFE4FFF6576AFCB8FA7DFC00" blockId="83.[96,1533,836,903]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
Females raise and wave their opisthosoma after turning away from a courting male (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFE4FFF653E9FCB8FAC6FCE7" box="[1251,1388,836,865]" captionStart="Figure 96" captionStartId="83.[96,175,1278,1302]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,973,1267]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figure 96. Sequential photographs showing "coy" or rejection behaviour of a female Saratus hesperus (at right), after turning aways from a courting male. Movement of the opisthosoma from side to side by females in this situation has also been observed in a number of different Maratus species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172983/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figure 96</figureCitation>
|
|
), a display that has been observed in a number of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE4FFF6557BFC94FCE1FC00" box="[625,843,872,902]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF6557BFC94FD4BFC00" box="[625,737,872,902]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Maratus</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE4FFF65498FC94FB84FC00" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2015" box="[914,1070,872,902]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF65498FC94FB84FC00" box="[914,1070,872,902]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">M. elephans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFE4FFF65336FC95FB14FC01" box="[1084,1214,873,903]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="12.[187,266,1990,2014]" captionTargetBox="[188,1442,1002,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-195@12.[630,1087,1451,1980]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 14. Display positions of the holotype male M. aurantius, showing elevation and flexion of a leg III." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172728/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
Figure
|
|
<quantity id="4CBE85CDFFE4FFF65391FC96FB14FC01" box="[1179,1214,874,903]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="in" value="14.0">14</quantity>
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|
in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD755D9FFE4FFF653EDFC96FA63FC00" author="Otto, J. C. & D. E. Hill" box="[1255,1481,873,903]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref13694" refString="Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015. Maratus elephans, a new member of the volans group from New South Wales (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 123.1: 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="2015">Otto & Hill 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF3978A0FFE4FFF6576AFB02FD35FAD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7172983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172983/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[96,175,1278,1302]" targetBox="[96,1537,973,1267]" targetPageId="83">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFE4FFF6576AFB02FD35FAD2" blockId="83.[96,1535,1235,1364]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF6576AFB02FF76FA90" bold="true" box="[96,220,1278,1302]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figure 96.</emphasis>
|
|
Sequential photographs showing "coy" or rejection behaviour of a female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE4FFF6533FFB00FB58FA90" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[1077,1266,1276,1302]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF6533FFB00FB58FA90" box="[1077,1266,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(at right), after turning aways from a courting male. Movement of the opisthosoma from side to side by females in this situation has also been observed in a number of different
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE4FFF656E9FAC7FD35FAD2" box="[483,671,1339,1364]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF656E9FAC7FDEAFAD2" box="[483,576,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Maratus</emphasis>
|
|
species.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF92828FFE4FFF6576AFA7DFEA8F996" blockId="83.[96,1534,1409,1552]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF6576AFA7DFE03FA19" box="[96,425,1409,1439]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
|
. In addition to the type and
|
|
<typeStatus id="54FD968AFFE4FFF6544BFA7FFC16FA19" box="[833,956,1411,1439]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
localities in the vicinity of Canberra, ACT,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4653ABFFE4FFF6576AFA5AFEE9FA43" authorityName="Otto & Hill" authorityYear="2017" box="[96,323,1446,1477]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B932F43AFFE4FFF6576AFA5AFEE9FA43" box="[96,323,1446,1477]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Saratus hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widely distributed, ranging from eastern
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4982E6CAFFE4FFF65492FA54FBA9FA43" box="[920,1027,1448,1477]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
|
through eastern
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4982E6CAFFE4FFF653E7FA55FA71FA43" box="[1261,1499,1448,1477]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
|
to the southern border of
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4982E6CAFFE4FFF656A8FA32FDEEFA6D" box="[418,580,1486,1515]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFE4FFF6555EFA32FD74FA6D" box="[596,734,1486,1515]" captionStart="Figure 97" captionStartId="84.[96,175,912,936]" captionTargetBox="[96,1537,167,999]" captionTargetId="figure-119@84.[96,923,172,862]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figure 97. Distribution of S. hesperus in southeastern Australia. Locations (4) and (5) (See Figure 98) and unnumbered circles represent records of Project Maratus (Michael Doe, Michael Duncan & Adam Fletcher, pers. comm.). S. hesperus has also been found at four locations in Victoria (6-8, Bowerbird 2016; 9, Jacqui Wilson, pers. comm.). Maps based on NASA Visible Earth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172985/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figure 97</figureCitation>
|
|
). Habitats where this species has been found vary greatly (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137D34ADFFE4FFF65763FA0FFF58F996" box="[105,242,1523,1552]" captionStart="Figure 98" captionStartId="84.[165,245,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1460,1058,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-103@84.[165,867,1058,1510]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figure 98. Four localities where Saratus hesperus has been found. 1, Fence near Canberra. 2, Vineyard near Canberra. 3, Enfield, NSW. 4, Girraween National Park, QLD. Photos 1-2 by Stuart Harris, 3-4 by Michael Doe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7172989/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figure 98</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |