181 lines
14 KiB
XML
181 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1038222" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03a0789d-7fee-4fbf-8948-c3212116c981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1038222" checkinTime="1497972974004" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Osborn, H. F." docDate="1905" docId="03CD8786FF91FFEC3A0CFEBA7AEDF9A7" docLanguage="en" docName="Osborn1905_ Tyrannosaurus and other cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs (done).imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="263" masterDocId="FFF4FFFEFF92FFE83B0BFF80796EFFAA" masterDocTitle="Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs" masterLastPageNumber="265" masterPageNumber="259" pageNumber="262" updateTime="1673868271368" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Osborn, H. F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>1905</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>259</mods:start>
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<mods:end>265</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1038222</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">03a0789d-7fee-4fbf-8948-c3212116c981</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1038222</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166095557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4561866" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D7D6DF08-5B63-4810-926D-AA0920D76FE5" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionTargetBox="[251,1547,964,1715]" captionText="Fig. 1. Rough outline showing scale of size of Tyrannosaurus rex. By W. D. M. The association of the small forearm is probably incorrect." httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD8786FF91FFEC3A0CFEBA7AEDF9A7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<subSubSection box="[263,1559,314,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[263,1559,311,351]" box="[263,1559,314,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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3.
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<emphasis box="[322,653,314,350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">From the Laramie</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis box="[685,868,314,350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Edmonton</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis box="[900,1559,314,350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">of Montana, Wyoming, and Alberta.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[580,1221,397,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[580,1222,395,434]" box="[580,1221,397,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<heading box="[580,1221,397,433]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[580,927,397,433]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex" status="gen nov. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[580,927,397,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[941,1221,397,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[260,1560,475,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396403301" collectionCode="American Museum of Natural History" collectorName="Barnum Brown" country="United States" county="Dawson County" formation="Laramie" geologicalContext="Cretaceous" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&specimen_id=52853 " location="Hell Creek, Ft. Pierre (Judith River)" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" preparations="The larger portion of a skeleton" specimenCode="American Museum No. 973" stateProvince="Montana" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[320,400,482,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[419,444,482,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">—</emphasis>
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The larger portion of a skeleton from the true Laramie of Hell Creek, Dawson County,
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<collectingRegion box="[686,830,525,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Montana</collectingRegion>
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,
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<quantity box="[860,993,525,551]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7056" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" unit="ft" value="220.0">220 feet</quantity>
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above the
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<emphasis box="[1206,1246,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Ft</emphasis>
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. Pierre, American Museum No. 973
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[260,1560,475,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<emphasis box="[318,490,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Characters.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[502,527,607,633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">—</emphasis>
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Carnivorous Dinosaurs attaining very
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<emphasis box="[1202,1282,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">large</emphasis>
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size. Humerus believed to be of
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<emphasis box="[541,621,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">large</emphasis>
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size and elongate
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[921,932,649,675]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">(</emphasis>
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Brown
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1048,1066,649,675]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">).</emphasis>
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No evidence of bony dermal plates
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[373,384,690,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">(</emphasis>
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Brown
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[497,515,690,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">).</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[262,1559,760,899]" lastBlockId="3.[267,1567,1841,2325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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The parts already discovered are, both jaws and portions of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, scapula, humerus, ilium, pubis, ischium, metapodials. The association of the very large humerus with this
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<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="3.[318,360,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[251,1547,964,1715]" captionText="Fig. 1. Rough outline showing scale of size of Tyrannosaurus rex. By W. D. M. The association of the small forearm is probably incorrect." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1038224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">skeleton</figureCitation>
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is, according to Mr. Brown, almost certainly correct, and abundantly characterizes this animal; but in the writer’s opinion final judgment must be suspended until the skeleton is fully worked out. The jaws and skull are not as yet prepared for description, so that comparison of these parts cannot be made at present with
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Dynamosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Dynamosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<emphasis box="[463,720,2089,2125]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" box="[463,715,2089,2125]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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No dermal plates whatever were found associated with this skeleton.
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<emphasis box="[886,942,2138,2174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Mr</emphasis>
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. Brown has devoted the entire past season (1905) to the very difficult work of completing the
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1509,1567,2188,2224]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">excavation</emphasis>
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of this skeleton from the hard sandstone.
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</paragraph>
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<caption captionStart="Fig. 1" captionText="Fig. 1. Rough outline showing scale of size of Tyrannosaurus rex. By W. D. M. The association of the small forearm is probably incorrect." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1038224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" targetBox="[251,1547,964,1715]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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Fig. 1. Rough outline showing scale of size of
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<emphasis box="[904,1155,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" box="[904,1151,1742,1766]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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By W. D. M. The association of the small forearm is probably incorrect.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[267,1567,1841,2325]" lastBlockId="4.[123,1429,312,398]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">The size of the chief portions of the skeleton at present prepared from the quarry may be judged from the following table of measurements:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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<table box="[275,1275,426,583]" gridcols="2" gridrows="4" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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<tr box="[275,1275,426,459]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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<th box="[275,716,426,459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">Pubes complete, length</th>
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<th box="[1119,1275,426,459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">1250mm.</th>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[275,1275,473,501]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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<td box="[275,716,473,501]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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Pubes, free portion,
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<emphasis box="[612,716,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">length</emphasis>
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</td>
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<td box="[1119,1275,473,501]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">470</td>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[275,1275,509,542]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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<td box="[275,716,509,542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">Left tibia, length</td>
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<td box="[1119,1275,509,542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">1118</td>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[275,1275,556,583]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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<td box="[275,716,556,583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">Mts. II of right leg, length</td>
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<td box="[1119,1275,556,583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">573</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1429,619,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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When placed together, as provisionally outlined by Dr.
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<emphasis box="[1310,1357,619,655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">W</emphasis>
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. D. Matthew, the enormous proportions of this animal become very evident as compared with the skeleton of a man, the total length being estimated at thirty-nine feet, the height of the skull above the ground at nineteen feet.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1429,619,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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Beside the parts above enumerated in the table, we have prepared the supraorbital portion of the frontal bone, extremely rugose, constituting a horn above the orbit very similar to that
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1349,1426,967,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">seen</emphasis>
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in
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<emphasis box="[175,381,1017,1053]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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<taxonomicName authority="Marsh, 1877" box="[175,376,1017,1053]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Allosaurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The jaw is represented by the dentary, angular, and articular.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1429,619,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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Of the
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[337,390,1116,1152]" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">six</emphasis>
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dorso-lumbar vertebrae preserved, the largest, which probably belongs to the mid-dorsal region, exhibits a shallow amphicoelous centrum measuring
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<quantity box="[711,864,1215,1251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="270.0">270 mm</quantity>
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. transversely,
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<quantity box="[1147,1300,1215,1251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="253.0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1147,1206,1215,1251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">253</emphasis>
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mm
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</quantity>
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. vertically; the height of this vertebra to the top of the spine is
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<quantity box="[1246,1401,1264,1300]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="630.0">630 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1429,619,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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The pubes unite
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<quantity box="[517,671,1314,1350]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" unit="mm" value="470.0">470 mm</quantity>
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. below the articular surfaces, forming a massive bar which terminates in the huge expanded pedicle. Portions of both femora have been recovered. These bones resemble the femora of
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<emphasis box="[333,540,1464,1500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">
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<taxonomicName authority="Marsh, 1877" box="[333,535,1464,1500]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Allosaurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The preparation of this skeleton was very largely the work of Professor R. S. Lull.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |