190 lines
19 KiB
XML
190 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.013" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167911" approvalRequired="23" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="19" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1665263345101" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manchester, Steven R. & Collinson, Margaret E." docDate="2022" docId="03CD878597129C3FFF776DA2FD8FFAF6" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.1.310-328.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Mastixia oregonensis TIFFNEY et HAGGARD 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="318" masterDocId="FFF4FFFD971A9C37FFE96D35FFF3FFBA" masterDocTitle="Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision" masterLastPageNumber="328" masterPageNumber="310" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1665275189773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Collinson, Margaret E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-08-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>78</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>310</mods:start>
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<mods:end>328</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.013</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2022.013</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7167911</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF776DA2FD8FFAF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD878597129C3FFF776DA2FD8FFAF6" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[158,692,151,208]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
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<heading centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="(R. A. SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD, 1996" authorityName="TIFFNEY et HAGGARD" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="R. A. SCOTT" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oregonensis">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,254,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[295,427,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">oregonensis</emphasis>
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(R.A.SCOTT)
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<bibRefCitation author="Tiffney, B. H. & Haggard, K. K." box="[577,664,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="29 - 54" refId="ref14189" refString="Tiffney, B. H., Haggard, K. K. (1996): Fruits of Mastixioideae (Cornaceae) from the Paleogene of western North America. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 92: 29 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0034 - 6667 (96) 00104 - 2" type="journal article" year="1996">TIFFNEY</bibRefCitation>
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et HAGGARD, 1996
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="318" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[354,497,216,240]" box="[354,497,216,240]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
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<figureCitation box="[354,497,216,240]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[125,206,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[130,1440,155,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-266@6.[90,1482,100,1433]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Mastixia cf. oregonensis (R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD from the London Clay, originally included within the concept of M. cantiensis. a–c: V. 22960(1). a: Transverse fracture, showing c-shaped locule, dorsal infold, and sculptured endocarp, reflected light. b: Transverse digital section from micro-CT scan data. c: Surface view of ribbed endocarp extracted from micro-CT data. d: Transverse fracture, reflected light, V. 22955 (originally illustrated in pl. 25, fig. 4 of Reid and Chandler 1933). e, f: Transverse physical section, V. 22963(2) showing U-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. g–i reflected light. g: Detail from left of (d). h, i: Detail from right of (f). Scale bars 5mm in (a–f), 1mm in (g–i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167919/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 4a–i</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[106,745,262,433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
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1954
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<taxonomicName authority="R. A. SCOTT" authorityName="R. A. SCOTT" box="[181,604,263,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Mastixioidiocarpum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oregonense">
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<emphasis box="[181,494,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixioidiocarpum oregonense</emphasis>
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R.A.SCOTT
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 84, pl. 16, figs 16–18.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[106,745,262,433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
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1994
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<taxonomicName authority="R. A. SCOTT" authorityName="R. A. SCOTT" box="[181,610,322,344]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Mastixioidiocarpum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oregonense">
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<emphasis box="[181,497,322,344]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixioidiocarpum oregonense</emphasis>
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R.A.SCOTT
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<collectingRegion box="[628,742,322,344]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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, p. 43, text-fig. 10B, pl. 10, figs 4–11.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[106,745,262,433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
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1996
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<taxonomicName authority="(R. A. SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD" authorityName="TIFFNEY et HAGGARD" baseAuthorityName="R. A. SCOTT" box="[181,739,382,403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oregonensis">
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<emphasis box="[181,392,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia oregonensis</emphasis>
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(R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 42, pl. 2, figs 1–3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[106,745,457,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
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R e m a r k s. Although the
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<typeStatus box="[468,561,457,481]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">holotype</typeStatus>
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that
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<bibRefCitation author="Reid, E. M. & Chandler, M. E. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="318" refId="ref13811" refString="Reid, E. M., Chandler, M. E. J. (1933): The London Clay flora. - the British Museum (Natural History), London, 561 pp., pls I - XXXIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110147" type="book" year="1933">Reid and Chandler (1933)</bibRefCitation>
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designated for
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<taxonomicName box="[448,655,490,513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cantiensis">
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<emphasis box="[448,655,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia cantiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs instead to
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<taxonomicName box="[210,336,522,546]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[210,336,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Diplopanax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see above), some of the
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<typeStatus box="[593,695,522,546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">paratypes</typeStatus>
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they identified to
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<taxonomicName box="[250,462,555,578]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cantiensis">
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<emphasis box="[250,462,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia cantiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are readily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName box="[168,294,587,611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Diplopanax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[168,294,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Diplopanax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having prominent endocarp sculpture and a pair of prominent ovular bundle canals in the endocarp adjacent to the germination valve margins. In particular, the specimens V. 22955 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Reid, E. M. & Chandler, M. E. J." box="[330,593,684,708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" refId="ref13811" refString="Reid, E. M., Chandler, M. E. J. (1933): The London Clay flora. - the British Museum (Natural History), London, 561 pp., pls I - XXXIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110147" type="book" year="1933">Reid and Chandler 1933</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 25, fig. 4), V. 22960(1) (
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<figureCitation box="[243,393,716,741]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[125,206,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[130,1440,155,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-266@6.[90,1482,100,1433]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Mastixia cf. oregonensis (R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD from the London Clay, originally included within the concept of M. cantiensis. a–c: V. 22960(1). a: Transverse fracture, showing c-shaped locule, dorsal infold, and sculptured endocarp, reflected light. b: Transverse digital section from micro-CT scan data. c: Surface view of ribbed endocarp extracted from micro-CT data. d: Transverse fracture, reflected light, V. 22955 (originally illustrated in pl. 25, fig. 4 of Reid and Chandler 1933). e, f: Transverse physical section, V. 22963(2) showing U-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. g–i reflected light. g: Detail from left of (d). h, i: Detail from right of (f). Scale bars 5mm in (a–f), 1mm in (g–i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167919/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 4a–c</figureCitation>
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), and V. 22963(2) (
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<figureCitation box="[593,737,716,740]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[125,206,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[130,1440,155,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-266@6.[90,1482,100,1433]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Mastixia cf. oregonensis (R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD from the London Clay, originally included within the concept of M. cantiensis. a–c: V. 22960(1). a: Transverse fracture, showing c-shaped locule, dorsal infold, and sculptured endocarp, reflected light. b: Transverse digital section from micro-CT scan data. c: Surface view of ribbed endocarp extracted from micro-CT data. d: Transverse fracture, reflected light, V. 22955 (originally illustrated in pl. 25, fig. 4 of Reid and Chandler 1933). e, f: Transverse physical section, V. 22963(2) showing U-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. g–i reflected light. g: Detail from left of (d). h, i: Detail from right of (f). Scale bars 5mm in (a–f), 1mm in (g–i)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167919/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 4e–f</figureCitation>
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) resemble the fossil genus
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<taxonomicName authority="R. A. SCOTT" authorityName="R. A. SCOTT" authorityYear="1954" box="[397,738,749,773]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Mastixioidiocarpum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[397,613,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixioidiocarpum</emphasis>
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R.A.SCOTT
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</taxonomicName>
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, previously described from the Eocene Clarno Formation of
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<collectingRegion box="[106,189,814,838]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[203,255,814,838]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Scott, R. A." box="[274,397,813,838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="66 - 97" refId="ref13910" refString="Scott, R. A. (1954): Fossil fruits and seeds from the Eocene Clarno Formation of Oregon. - Palaeontographica, Abt. B, 96: 66 - 97." type="journal article" year="1954">Scott 1954</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R." box="[412,605,814,838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref13077" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">Manchester 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). That fossil genus was subsumed into
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<taxonomicName box="[387,480,847,870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[387,480,847,870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Tiffney, B. H. & Haggard, K. K." pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="29 - 54" refId="ref14189" refString="Tiffney, B. H., Haggard, K. K. (1996): Fruits of Mastixioideae (Cornaceae) from the Paleogene of western North America. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 92: 29 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0034 - 6667 (96) 00104 - 2" type="journal article" year="1996">Tiffney and Haggard (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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, who noted that the only difference from modern species of the genus is the more prominently sculptured endocarp.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tiffney, B. H. & Haggard, K. K." box="[215,510,943,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="29 - 54" refId="ref14189" refString="Tiffney, B. H., Haggard, K. K. (1996): Fruits of Mastixioideae (Cornaceae) from the Paleogene of western North America. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 92: 29 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0034 - 6667 (96) 00104 - 2" type="journal article" year="1996">Tiffney and Haggard (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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also attributed similar fruits from the late Eocene LaPorte flora of
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<collectingRegion box="[570,678,976,1000]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">California</collectingRegion>
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to the extant genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[106,745,457,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
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A clear distinction between the Oregon species and the London Clay specimens has not been seen, but the London Clay specimens typically show less prominent sculpture due to abrasion. We treat specimens of this kind as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oregonensis">
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<emphasis box="[616,709,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis box="[106,234,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">oregonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In Europe, such prominently sculptured fossil endocarps are present in some species of
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<taxonomicName box="[545,665,1203,1226]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Eomastixia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[545,665,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Eomastixia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but are rare in
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<taxonomicName box="[186,279,1236,1259]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[186,279,1236,1259]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Most similar are
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<taxonomicName authority="MAI" authorityName="MAI" box="[484,745,1235,1259]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thomsonii">
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<emphasis box="[484,692,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia thomsonii</emphasis>
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MAI
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Miocene of Konzendorf and Düren,
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<collectingCountry box="[587,686,1268,1292]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Germany</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Mai, D. H." pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="441 - 503" refId="ref12921" refString="Mai, D. H. (1970): Subtropische Elemente im europaischen Tertiar I. - Palaontologische Abhandlungen Abt. B, 3 (3 - 4): 441 - 503." type="journal article" year="1970">
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<date pageId="8" pageNumber="318" value="1970-05">Mai 1970</date>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and
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<taxonomicName authority="MARTINETTO" authorityName="MARTINETTO" box="[224,484,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rattazzii">
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<emphasis box="[224,348,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">M. rattazzii</emphasis>
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MARTINETTO
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation author="Martinetto, E." box="[500,677,1300,1324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="222 - 229" refId="ref13742" refString="Martinetto, E. (2011): The first mastixioid fossil from Italy and its palaeobiogeographic implications. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 167: 222 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2011.08.004" type="journal article" year="2011">Martinetto 2011</bibRefCitation>
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||
) from the Oligocene of
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<collectingCountry box="[290,389,1332,1356]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Germany</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[441,491,1332,1356]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |