246 lines
34 KiB
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246 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.013" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167911" approvalRequired="23" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="19" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1665263345101" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manchester, Steven R. & Collinson, Margaret E." docDate="2022" docId="03CD878597119C38FC916A9EFE1CFDAE" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.1.310-328.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Langtonia bisulcata E. REID et M. CHANDLER 1933" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="325" masterDocId="FFF4FFFD971A9C37FFE96D35FFF3FFBA" masterDocTitle="Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision" masterLastPageNumber="328" masterPageNumber="310" pageNumber="321" updateTime="1665275189773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title>Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Collinson, Margaret E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-08-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number>78</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.013</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2022.013</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7167911</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597119C38FC916A9EFE1CFDAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD878597119C38FC916A9EFE1CFDAE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="11" pageNumber="321">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="321" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[888,1436,1962,1987]" box="[888,1436,1962,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="321">
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<heading box="[888,1436,1962,1987]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="321" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="E. REID et M. CHANDLER, 1933" authorityName="E. REID et M. CHANDLER" authorityYear="1933" box="[888,1436,1962,1987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Langtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="11" pageNumber="321" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bisulcata">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[888,1436,1962,1987]" pageId="11" pageNumber="321">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[888,1108,1962,1987]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="321">Langtonia bisulcata</emphasis>
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E.REID et M.CHANDLER, 1933
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[1084,1241,1995,2019]" box="[1084,1241,1995,2019]" pageId="11" pageNumber="321">
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<figureCitation box="[1084,1241,1995,2019]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[125,206,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,149,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-236@14.[122,1440,143,1425]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID etCHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5cm in (a, b), 2.5mm in (c–g), 5mm in (h), 2mm in (i), 1mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167931/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="321">Text-fig. 10a–j</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="11" pageNumber="321" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[843,1482,2043,2100]" box="[881,1482,2043,2068]" pageId="11" pageNumber="321">H o l o t y p e. V.22984 (Natural History Museum,</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[843,1482,2043,2100]" box="[843,942,2076,2100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="321">London).</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167927/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="322" startId="12.[125,206,1738,1759]" targetBox="[125,1440,158,1722]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[125,1440,1738,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="322">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,234,1738,1759]" pageId="12" pageNumber="322">Text-fig. 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="E. REID et M. CHANDLER." authorityName="E. REID et M. CHANDLER." box="[240,713,1738,1759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Lanfrancia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="12" pageNumber="322" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subglobosa">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[240,707,1738,1759]" pageId="12" pageNumber="322">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[240,470,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="322">Lanfrancia subglobosa</emphasis>
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E.REID et M.CHANDLER
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</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167929/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" startId="13.[147,228,1561,1582]" targetBox="[147,1462,151,1545]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[147,1463,1561,1875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[147,421,1561,1582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">
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Text-fig. 9.
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<taxonomicName box="[266,366,1561,1582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Portnallia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[266,366,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">Portnallia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. a–j:
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">
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<taxonomicName authority="M. CHANDLER." authorityName="M. CHANDLER." box="[428,718,1561,1582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Beckettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bognorensis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[428,574,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">P. bognorensis</emphasis>
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M.CHANDLER.
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</taxonomicName>
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a–g: Holotype, V. 30421. a: Oblique lateral view with dorsal surface of locule cast facing towards right side. b: Basal view (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 40 of
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<bibRefCitation author="Chandler, M. E. J." box="[1088,1240,1590,1611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" refId="ref11446" refString="Chandler, M. E. J. (1961): The Lower Tertiary floras of southern England. 1. Palaeocene Floras. London Clay Flora (Supplement). Text and Atlas. - British Museum (Natural History), London, 354 pp., 34 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110079" type="book" year="1961">Chandler 1961</bibRefCitation>
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). c–g: Micro CT data. c–f: Surface renderings. c: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. d: lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. e: Basal view. f: Apical view. g: Digital transverse section near equatorial position showing (c) to u-shaped locules. h: Apical view of tetralocular fruit, V. 30423 (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 42 of
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<bibRefCitation author="Chandler, M. E. J." box="[1073,1228,1678,1699]" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" refId="ref11446" refString="Chandler, M. E. J. (1961): The Lower Tertiary floras of southern England. 1. Palaeocene Floras. London Clay Flora (Supplement). Text and Atlas. - British Museum (Natural History), London, 354 pp., 34 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110079" type="book" year="1961">Chandler 1961</bibRefCitation>
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). i: Transverse section of specimen in (h), reflected light. j–o:
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<taxonomicName authority="M. CHANDLER" authorityName="M. CHANDLER" box="[552,843,1707,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Portnallia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sheppeyensis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[552,705,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">P. sheppeyensis</emphasis>
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M.CHANDLER
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, Holotype V. 30428, here synomomized with
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<taxonomicName box="[1311,1457,1708,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Beckettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bognorensis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1311,1457,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">P. bognorensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from micro-CT data. j–m: Surface renderings. j: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. k: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. l: Basal view. m: Apical view. n: Digital equatorial transverse section showing the three preserved locules and extensive cracking due to pyrite decomposition. o: Translucent volume rendering, apical view showing (c) to u-shaped locules. Scale bars 2 mm, bar in (a) applies also to (b), bar in (e) applies to also to (c, d), bar in (g) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to applies also to (k–m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[129,768,1939,2065]" lastBlockId="14.[106,745,1722,2098]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">
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R e m a r k s.
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<taxonomicName box="[316,426,1939,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Langtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[316,426,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">Langtonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was established and identified as an extinct mastixioid genus by
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<bibRefCitation author="Reid, E. M. & Chandler, M. E. J." pageId="13" pageNumber="323" refId="ref13811" refString="Reid, E. M., Chandler, M. E. J. (1933): The London Clay flora. - the British Museum (Natural History), London, 561 pp., pls I - XXXIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110147" type="book" year="1933">Reid and Chandler (1933)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName box="[217,436,2007,2031]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Langtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bisulcata">
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<emphasis box="[217,436,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">Langtonia bisulcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fruits are elongate-ellipsoidal with smooth to shallowly ridged surface. The fruits have endocarps composed of tortuous fibres (
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<figureCitation box="[591,760,2076,2100]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[125,206,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,149,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-236@14.[122,1440,143,1425]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID etCHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5cm in (a, b), 2.5mm in (c–g), 5mm in (h), 2mm in (i), 1mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167931/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">
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Text-fig.
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<quantity box="[698,737,2076,2100]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" unit="g" value="10.0">10g</quantity>
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–j
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</figureCitation>
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) surrounded by a thin mesocarp and epicarp covering (Textfig. 10j). Endocarps vary greatly in size from
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<quantity box="[1356,1481,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 20 mm</quantity>
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long in the London Clay (
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<bibRefCitation author="Reid, E. M. & Chandler, M. E. J." box="[1112,1373,2007,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" refId="ref13811" refString="Reid, E. M., Chandler, M. E. J. (1933): The London Clay flora. - the British Museum (Natural History), London, 561 pp., pls I - XXXIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110147" type="book" year="1933">Reid and Chandler 1933</bibRefCitation>
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) and from
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long in the Clarno Nut Beds (
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<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R." box="[1281,1471,2041,2066]" pageId="13" pageNumber="323" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref13077" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
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<collectingRegion box="[1281,1407,2041,2065]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="13" pageNumber="323">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The fruits are bilocular, sometimes with both locules well developed (
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<figureCitation box="[233,379,1722,1746]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[125,206,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,149,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-236@14.[122,1440,143,1425]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID etCHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5cm in (a, b), 2.5mm in (c–g), 5mm in (h), 2mm in (i), 1mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167931/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Text-fig. 10d</figureCitation>
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), but commonly with one of the locules abortive (
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<figureCitation box="[288,481,1754,1778]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[125,206,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,149,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-236@14.[122,1440,143,1425]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID etCHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5cm in (a, b), 2.5mm in (c–g), 5mm in (h), 2mm in (i), 1mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167931/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Text-fig. 10c, g, h</figureCitation>
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). Unlike the other extant and fossil genera of
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<taxonomicName box="[333,477,1786,1810]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Mastixiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Mastixiaceae</taxonomicName>
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, each germination valve of
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<taxonomicName box="[139,249,1819,1842]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Langtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[139,249,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Langtonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has two dorsal infolds resulting in a locule that has the shape of a ε in cross section (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[563,733,1850,1874]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[125,206,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,149,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-236@14.[122,1440,143,1425]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID etCHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5cm in (a, b), 2.5mm in (c–g), 5mm in (h), 2mm in (i), 1mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167931/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Text-fig. 10c–h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Contrary to the situation in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[401,494,1883,1906]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,494,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Mastixia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[546,666,1883,1906]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Eomastixia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,666,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Eomastixia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where ovular bundles follow the germination valve boundaries, the vascular bundles of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[319,429,1947,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Langtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[319,429,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Langtonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are scattered, situated mainly in the septal area in the endocarp on the ventral side of each locule. The germination valves lack prominent vascular bundles. The locule is lined by a uniseriate layer of relatively large rectangular cells (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[355,491,2074,2098]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="14.[125,206,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,149,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-236@14.[122,1440,143,1425]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID etCHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5cm in (a, b), 2.5mm in (c–g), 5mm in (h), 2mm in (i), 1mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167931/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Text-fig. 10i</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167931/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" startId="14.[125,206,1432,1453]" targetBox="[125,1439,149,1416]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[125,1440,1432,1658]" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,245,1432,1453]" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Text-fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="REID et CHANDLER." authorityName="REID et CHANDLER." box="[250,636,1432,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Langtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bisulcata">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[250,630,1432,1453]" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[250,447,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Langtonia bisulcata</emphasis>
|
||
REID et CHANDLER
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε- shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε- shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[820,1459,1722,2098]" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchheimer, F." box="[858,1070,1722,1746]" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" refId="ref12857" refString="Kirchheimer, F. (1957): Die Laubgewachse der Braunkohlenzeit. - W. Knapp, Halle (Saale), 783 pp." type="book" year="1957">Kirchheimer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
questioned the affinity of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1349,1459,1723,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Langtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1349,1459,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Langtonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[853,994,1754,1778]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Mastixiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Mastixiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the double infolds which are not seen in any other mastixioids. However, the woody endocarps with elongate germination valves, and pendulous anatropous seeds with ventral raphe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reid, E. M. & Chandler, M. E. J." pageId="14" pageNumber="324" refId="ref13811" refString="Reid, E. M., Chandler, M. E. J. (1933): The London Clay flora. - the British Museum (Natural History), London, 561 pp., pls I - XXXIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110147" type="book" year="1933">Reid and Chandler 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 25, fig. 21,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R." box="[1083,1280,1882,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref13077" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1083,1207,1882,1906]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 11, fig. 5) support Reid and Chandler’s assignment. The endocarps have elongate germination valves that extend the full length of the locule as in extant
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1183,1327,1978,2002]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Mastixiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Mastixiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, contrasting with the apically confined valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1219,1332,2010,2034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Nyssaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S.R.Manchester, P.R.Crane & L.B.Golovneva" authorityYear="1999" box="[1349,1459,2010,2033]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Amersinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1349,1459,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Amersinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[820,954,2042,2065]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">MANCHESTER</collectingRegion>
|
||
, P.R.CRANE et GOLOVN.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="DECNE." authorityName="DECNE." box="[1226,1453,2042,2066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Camptotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1226,1368,2042,2066]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Camptotheca</emphasis>
|
||
DECNE.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[865,929,2075,2098]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Nyssa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[865,929,2075,2098]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Nyssa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.; fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[1014,1069,2074,2098]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R. & Hickey, L. J." box="[1075,1393,2074,2098]" pageId="14" pageNumber="324" pagination="229 - 249" refId="ref13481" refString="Manchester, S. R., Hickey, L. J. (2007). Reproductive and vegetative organs of Browniea gen. n. (Nyssaceae) from the Paleocene of North America. - International Journal of Plant Sciences, 168 (2): 229 - 249. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 509661" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1075,1199,2074,2098]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="14" pageNumber="324">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Hickey 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[129,768,151,532]" pageId="15" pageNumber="325">
|
||
In western North America the same genus and species is known from permineralized fruits in the Eocene Clarno Formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R." box="[267,469,216,240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="325" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref13077" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[267,393,216,240]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="15" pageNumber="325">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and by the distinctive endocarp molds and locule casts from Paleocene Fort Union Formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tiffney, B. H. & Haggard, K. K." box="[262,579,281,305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="325" pagination="29 - 54" refId="ref14189" refString="Tiffney, B. H., Haggard, K. K. (1996): Fruits of Mastixioideae (Cornaceae) from the Paleogene of western North America. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 92: 29 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0034 - 6667 (96) 00104 - 2" type="journal article" year="1996">Tiffney and Haggard 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although well represented in the London Clay,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[502,612,314,337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Langtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="15" pageNumber="325" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,612,314,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="325">Langtonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been observed in the carpofloras of continental Europe. Most specimens are preserved with only the endocarp remaining, but one of the Clarno specimens with intact soft tissue (Textfig. 10h–j) shows the presence of longitudinal canals (Textfig. 10j) similar to those seen in extant
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[535,628,476,499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="15" pageNumber="325" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[535,628,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="325">Mastixia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R. & Collinson, M. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="325" pagination="51 - 67" refId="ref13282" refString="Manchester, S. R., Collinson, M. E. (2019): Fruit morphology, anatomy and relationships of the type species of Mastixicarpum and Eomastixia (Cornales) from the late Eocene of Hordle, southern England. - Acta Palaeobotanica, 59: 51 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / acpa- 2019 - 0006" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[641,767,475,499]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="15" pageNumber="325">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Collinson 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 1, fig. 11).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |