265 lines
36 KiB
XML
265 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="CA8E37A6A1CF959659603406AEF4C494" ID-CLB-Dataset="20350" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0057039" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcefd797-1d3e-43c6-ad6e-8550a33e9199" ID-PMC="PMC3579775" ID-PubMed="23451138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6338572" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1646763225922" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Vorontsova, Maria S. & Prohens, Jaime" docDate="2013" docId="03809C4EFFC6FFDCFF2CFD83FA3A1DF8" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.8.2.e57039.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 8 (2)" docTitle="Solanum insanum L." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFB9E436FFCEFFD4FF8EFFABFFB01C62" masterDocTitle="Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1699317470283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C9A32DE70B8C8C1D2D679569A20EA45B">Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3AB772AE63F48D8BC036DBD5954FA4E0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2ADE7B0DB1C85643EBC6A74CCABC1192">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F4FC8AF2B62509BA7D85B11C91EC798F">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="09C2DB37F1C02C0926CBB4CD06236D1C" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac. uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AAFDAC8686E5B664FFF9F0C6EF55C5E3">Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BA6B42E424E6A5FA989509BF056AC7AB">Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0E967AD709570BBFF5FDB72AB3042ABF">Prohens, Jaime</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CE55771AA358B2D0AC512C887B95A727">Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="258AD58C6D71726A0381F3322EE1B805">PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="195363AF195425DA0E71548623212B99">
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<mods:date id="D211A4B8BDFF79A245AF1D6AB5672662">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E44E3A7D1DC1D5303ED6861F3B2723CA">2013-02-22</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03809C4EFFC6FFDCFF2CFD83FA3A1DF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339094" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193889182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6339094" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03809C4EFFC6FFDCFF2CFD83FA3A1DF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03809C4EFFC6FFDCFF2CFD83FA3A1DF8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC6FFDCFF2CFD83FDFF1E5F" box="[162,591,551,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC6FFDCFF2CFD83FDFF1E5F" blockId="8.[162,793,551,670]" box="[162,591,551,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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5.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFF35FD8CFE391E5F" ID-CoL="6YTFN" authority="L." box="[187,393,551,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
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Solanum insanum
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<bibCitation id="5E032534FFC6FFDCFEFDFD8CFE391E5F" author="L." box="[371,393,551,573]" journal="Mant." page="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" volume="1" year="1767">L.</bibCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Mant. 1: 46. 1767.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC6FFDCFF35FDE2FF411EFC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC6FFDCFF35FDE2FD0E1E3D" blockId="8.[162,793,551,670]" box="[187,702,585,607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A880B49FFC6FFDCFF35FDE2FD0E1E3D" author="Lamarck" box="[187,702,585,607]" page="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1794">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB390A76FFC6FFDCFF35FDE2FD0B1E3D" box="[187,699,585,607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFF35FDE2FE011E3D" ID-CoL="4Y4LF" authority="Lamarck" authorityName="Lamarck" box="[187,433,585,607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undatum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFF35FDE2FEE11E3D" box="[187,337,585,607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum undatum</emphasis>
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<bibCitation id="5E032534FFC6FFDCFED7FDE2FE011E3D" author="Lamarck" box="[345,433,585,607]" journal="Tabl. Encycl." page="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" volume="2" year="1794">Lamarck</bibCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Tabl. Encycl. 2: 22. 1794
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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.
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</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC6FFDCFF35FDC0FF411EFC" blockId="8.[162,793,551,670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB390A76FFC6FFDCFF35FDC0FF411EFC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A880B49FFC6FFDCFF35FDC0FF411EFC" author="Dunal" page="359" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1852">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFF35FDC0FE291EE3" ID-CoL="4Y25M" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" box="[187,409,619,641]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumingii">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFF35FDC0FEE01EE3" box="[187,336,619,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum cumingii</emphasis>
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<bibCitation id="5E032534FFC6FFDCFED4FDC0FE291EE3" author="Dunal" box="[346,409,619,641]" issue="1" journal="Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]" page="359" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" volume="13" year="1852">Dunal</bibCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 359. 1852.
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC6FFDCFF3DFD11FE8F1F6A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC6FFDCFF3DFD11FE8F1F6A" blockId="8.[155,793,698,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Distribution. India to SE Asia, also found in Madagascar and Mauritius; degraded scrubland and secondary vegetation,
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<quantity id="4CD180BDFFC6FFDCFC8FFD7DFF6A1F6A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="0.0">0– 500 m</quantity>
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elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC6FFDCFF3DFCA4FA3A1DF8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC6FFDCFF3DFCA4FD70185F" blockId="8.[155,793,698,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Our circumscription of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFE27FCA5FDBC1F46" box="[425,524,782,804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFE27FCA5FDBC1F46" box="[425,524,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comprises ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFD01FCA4FCA91F47" box="[655,793,783,805]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">S. melongena</taxonomicName>
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group E’’ and ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFEBDFC80FE071F23" box="[307,439,811,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">S. melongena</taxonomicName>
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group F’’ of Daunay et al. [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFD46FC80FD551F23" author="Daunay M-C & Lester RN & Ano G" box="[712,741,811,833]" editor="Charrier A & Jacquot A & Hamon M & Nicolas D" journalOrPublisher="Montpellier: Science Publishers" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="199 - 222" refId="ref10704" refString="23. Daunay M-C, Lester RN, Ano G (2001) Eggplant. In: Charrier A, Jacquot A, Hamon M, Nicolas D, editors. Tropical plant breeding. Montpellier: Science Publishers, 199 - 222." title="Eggplant" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Tropical plant breeding" year="2001">23</bibRefCitation>
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]; this includes those plants considered by them to represent wild progenitors and straggling prostrate forms they considered to be feral ‘‘reversions’’ from cultivated forms. This variation in habit is found in some other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFE4CFC30FDB91FD3" box="[450,521,923,945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFE4CFC30FDB91FD3" box="[450,521,923,945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFDD4FC30FCB31FD3" authority="Peralta" authorityName="Peralta" box="[602,771,923,945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arcanum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFDD4FC30FD071FD3" box="[602,695,923,945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. arcanum</emphasis>
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Peralta
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</taxonomicName>
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, a wild tomato from northern Peru [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFE50FC1CFE4B1FAF" author="Spooner DM & Peralta IE & Knapp S" box="[478,507,951,973]" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="43 - 61" part="54" refId="ref11625" refString="48. Spooner DM, Peralta IE, Knapp S (2005) Comparison of AFLPs with other markers for phylogenetic inference in wild tomatoes [Solanum L. section Lycopersicon (Mill.) Wettst.]. Taxon 54: 43 - 61." title="Comparison of AFLPs with other markers for phylogenetic inference in wild tomatoes [Solanum L. section Lycopersicon (Mill.) Wettst.]" type="journal article" year="2005">48</bibRefCitation>
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]. Populations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFD15FC1CFD481FAF" box="[667,760,951,973]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFD15FC1CFD481FAF" box="[667,760,951,973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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we have seen in southern China often have a mixture of forms; prostrate forms appear to grow in more open areas. Common garden experiments coupled with inter-lifeform crosses are necessary to determine the basis of this habit difference.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC6FFDCFF3DFBEFFD431BC6" blockId="8.[155,793,698,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFF3DFBEFFEF91838" box="[179,329,1092,1114]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFF3DFBEFFEF91838" box="[179,329,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum insanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is almost certainly the wild progenitor of the cultivated eggplant and is fully interfertile with it [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFDF8FBCBFD221814" author="Daunay M-C & Hazra P" box="[630,658,1120,1142]" editor="Peter KV & Hazra P" journalOrPublisher="Houston: Studium Press" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="257 - 322" refId="ref10579" refString="19. Daunay M-C, Hazra P (2012) Eggplant. In: Peter KV, Hazra P, editors. Handbook of Vegetables. Houston: Studium Press, 257 - 322." title="Eggplant" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Handbook of Vegetables" year="2012">19</bibRefCitation>
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||
]. Meyer et al. [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFF2FFBD6FF0C18F1" author="Meyer RS & Karol KG & Little DP & Nee MH & Litt A" box="[161,188,1149,1171]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="685 - 701" part="63" refId="ref10639" refString="21. Meyer RS, Karol KG, Little DP, Nee MH, Litt A (2012) Phylogeographic relationships among Asian eggplants and new perspectives on eggplant domestication. Mol Phylogenet Evol 63: 685 - 701." title="Phylogeographic relationships among Asian eggplants and new perspectives on eggplant domestication" type="journal article" year="2012">21</bibRefCitation>
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] used AFLPs to test the relationships of wild and cultivated landrace eggplants and suggested that all Asian plants they analysed represented a single species (their
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFD01FB1FFD4A18A8" box="[655,762,1204,1226]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFD01FB1FFD4A18A8" box="[655,762,1204,1226]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. incanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFC86FB1FFF521884" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undatum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFC86FB1FFF521884" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. undatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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= our
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFEA6FB7BFE3A1884" box="[296,394,1232,1254]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFEA6FB7BFE3A1884" box="[296,394,1232,1254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) that was possibly of hybrid origin or had crossed repeatedly with local landraces of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFD10FB47FCA31960" box="[670,787,1260,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFD10FB47FCA31960" box="[670,787,1260,1282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Regardless of which of these two scenarios is the case,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFD23FAA3FCA8197C" box="[685,792,1288,1310]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
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<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFD23FAA3FCA8197C" box="[685,792,1288,1310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is likely to have had its origin(s) from amongst populations of Asian
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<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFF15FAEBFF471934" box="[155,247,1344,1366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFF15FAEBFF471934" box="[155,247,1344,1366]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as Meyer et al. [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFE10FAEAFE091935" author="Meyer RS & Karol KG & Little DP & Nee MH & Litt A" box="[414,441,1345,1367]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="685 - 701" part="63" refId="ref10639" refString="21. Meyer RS, Karol KG, Little DP, Nee MH, Litt A (2012) Phylogeographic relationships among Asian eggplants and new perspectives on eggplant domestication. Mol Phylogenet Evol 63: 685 - 701." title="Phylogeographic relationships among Asian eggplants and new perspectives on eggplant domestication" type="journal article" year="2012">21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] pointed out.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFDCFFAEBFD631934" box="[577,723,1344,1366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFDCFFAEBFD631934" box="[577,723,1344,1366]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is used medicinally in south China and is considered distinct from the cultivated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFE8BFAD2FEC619ED" box="[261,374,1401,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFE8BFAD2FEC619ED" box="[261,374,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by local people (pers. obs.). Because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFC86FAD2FF5019C8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFC86FAD2FF5019C8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and cultivated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFE02FA3EFE4E19C8" box="[396,510,1429,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFE02FA3EFE4E19C8" box="[396,510,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are highly interfertile and repeated introgression occurred and is still occurring between wild and cultivated plants individual plants can sometimes be difficult to assign to species unambiguously. In this case we have adapted the method used by Peralta et al. [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFE63F9AEFE4B1A79" author="Peralta IE & Spooner DM & Knapp S" box="[493,507,1541,1563]" journalOrPublisher="Syst Bot Monogr" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 186" part="84" refId="ref10168" refString="8. Peralta IE, Spooner DM, Knapp S (2008) Taxonomy of wild tomatoes and their relatives (Solanum sections Lycopersicoides, Juglandifolia, Lycopersicon; Solanaceae). Syst Bot Monogr 84: 1 - 186." title="Taxonomy of wild tomatoes and their relatives (Solanum sections Lycopersicoides, Juglandifolia, Lycopersicon; Solanaceae)" type="journal article" year="2008">8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] for naming plants that were morphologically intermediate between the cultivated tomato (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFC86F98AFEB01A30" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFC86F98AFEB01A30" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and its wild progenitor (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFE79F996FD241A30" box="[503,660,1597,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pimpinellifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFE79F996FD241A30" box="[503,660,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. pimpinellifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.). They [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFC8DF996FCA11A31" author="Peralta IE & Spooner DM & Knapp S" box="[771,785,1597,1619]" journalOrPublisher="Syst Bot Monogr" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 186" part="84" refId="ref10168" refString="8. Peralta IE, Spooner DM, Knapp S (2008) Taxonomy of wild tomatoes and their relatives (Solanum sections Lycopersicoides, Juglandifolia, Lycopersicon; Solanaceae). Syst Bot Monogr 84: 1 - 186." title="Taxonomy of wild tomatoes and their relatives (Solanum sections Lycopersicoides, Juglandifolia, Lycopersicon; Solanaceae)" type="journal article" year="2008">8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] defined a suite of characters that distinguish each species and an individual specimen having a majority of one set of these is called that species.
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6AB18E3FFC6FFDCFE96F939FED41ACA" box="[280,356,1682,1704]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="6.[171,235,174,195]" captionTargetBox="[171,1387,258,515]" captionTargetId="graphics-946@6.[171,1478,355,388]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 3. Character suite for distinguishing ambiguous specimens of S. insanum and S. melongena." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF567DD0FFC8FFD2FF25FF05FB2E1CA1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="DF567DD0FFC8FFD2FF25FF05FB2E1CA1">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
lists the suite of characters we have used for the eggplants; for example, a specimen with several long-styled, 5- merous flowers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131231DDFFC6FFDCFEB3F961FE371A82" box="[317,391,1738,1760]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[155,220,172,191]" captionTargetBox="[160,1391,167,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[155,1397,162,1916]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Representative flower and fruit morphology of eggplant and its wild relatives. A. Solanum campylacanthum inflorescences (Kenya - Vorontsova et al. 157); B. Solanum incanum immature fruit (Kenya – Vorontsova et al. 203); C. Solanum insanum fruit cross-section (China – Wang et al. 2047); D. Solanum insanum inflorescence with several hermaphrodite flowers (China – Wang et al. 2039); E. Solanum linnaeanum with yellow mature and mottled green immature fruit, note highly dissected leaves (Spain - Knapp IM-10096); F. Solanum melongena flower with duplicated parts (China – Wang et al. 2042). Photographs: A, B taken M.S. Vorontsova; C, D, E, F taken by S. Knapp. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338574/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
), non-prickly stems and juicy green fruit pulp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131231DDFFC6FFDCFF5BF94DFEAC1A9E" box="[213,284,1766,1788]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[155,220,172,191]" captionTargetBox="[160,1391,167,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[155,1397,162,1916]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Representative flower and fruit morphology of eggplant and its wild relatives. A. Solanum campylacanthum inflorescences (Kenya - Vorontsova et al. 157); B. Solanum incanum immature fruit (Kenya – Vorontsova et al. 203); C. Solanum insanum fruit cross-section (China – Wang et al. 2047); D. Solanum insanum inflorescence with several hermaphrodite flowers (China – Wang et al. 2039); E. Solanum linnaeanum with yellow mature and mottled green immature fruit, note highly dissected leaves (Spain - Knapp IM-10096); F. Solanum melongena flower with duplicated parts (China – Wang et al. 2042). Photographs: A, B taken M.S. Vorontsova; C, D, E, F taken by S. Knapp. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338574/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
) would be called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFE5EF94DFD9F1A99" box="[464,559,1766,1787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFE5EF94DFD9F1A99" box="[464,559,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while a specimen with prickly stems, rounded leaf lobes, one long-styled fascinated flower (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131231DDFFC6FFDCFF2FF8B5FF521B56" box="[161,226,1822,1844]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[155,220,172,191]" captionTargetBox="[160,1391,167,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[155,1397,162,1916]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Representative flower and fruit morphology of eggplant and its wild relatives. A. Solanum campylacanthum inflorescences (Kenya - Vorontsova et al. 157); B. Solanum incanum immature fruit (Kenya – Vorontsova et al. 203); C. Solanum insanum fruit cross-section (China – Wang et al. 2047); D. Solanum insanum inflorescence with several hermaphrodite flowers (China – Wang et al. 2039); E. Solanum linnaeanum with yellow mature and mottled green immature fruit, note highly dissected leaves (Spain - Knapp IM-10096); F. Solanum melongena flower with duplicated parts (China – Wang et al. 2042). Photographs: A, B taken M.S. Vorontsova; C, D, E, F taken by S. Knapp. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338574/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and large fruit would be called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFD95F8B5FD361B50" box="[539,646,1821,1843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFD95F8B5FD361B50" box="[539,646,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Fruit colour is not a particularly reliable character, as it changes through fruit development (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="131231DDFFC6FFDCFEC7F8FDFE201B0E" box="[329,400,1878,1900]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[155,220,172,191]" captionTargetBox="[160,1391,167,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[155,1397,162,1916]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Representative flower and fruit morphology of eggplant and its wild relatives. A. Solanum campylacanthum inflorescences (Kenya - Vorontsova et al. 157); B. Solanum incanum immature fruit (Kenya – Vorontsova et al. 203); C. Solanum insanum fruit cross-section (China – Wang et al. 2047); D. Solanum insanum inflorescence with several hermaphrodite flowers (China – Wang et al. 2039); E. Solanum linnaeanum with yellow mature and mottled green immature fruit, note highly dissected leaves (Spain - Knapp IM-10096); F. Solanum melongena flower with duplicated parts (China – Wang et al. 2042). Photographs: A, B taken M.S. Vorontsova; C, D, E, F taken by S. Knapp. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338574/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFE2AF8FDFDA01B08" box="[420,528,1877,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFE2AF8FDFDA01B08" box="[420,528,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fruits are eaten when they are unripe, so the various green and purple fruits eventually become yellow or brownish yellow if left to ripen completely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC6FFDCFCEEFF0FFA3A1DF8" blockId="8.[840,1478,164,410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Hepper and Jaeger [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFBC4FF0FFBD61CD8" author="Hepper FN & Jaeger P-ML" box="[1098,1126,164,186]" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="387 - 391" part="40" refId="ref11482" refString="45. Hepper FN, Jaeger P-ML (1985) The typification of six Linnaean names in Solanum. Kew Bull 40: 387 - 391." title="The typification of six Linnaean names in Solanum" type="journal article" year="1985">45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] clearly describe how Linnaeus described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFC21FF6BFBA01CB4" box="[943,1040,192,214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFC21FF6BFBA01CB4" box="[943,1040,192,214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct from his earlier
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFABAFF6BFA131CB4" box="[1332,1443,192,214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFABAFF6BFA131CB4" box="[1332,1443,192,214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by citing its prickly stems (in addition to calyx) thus indicating he considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFC36FF5CFBA61D6F" box="[952,1046,247,269]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFC36FF5CFBA61D6F" box="[952,1046,247,269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a new species and not a replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFCE5FEB8FC661D4B" box="[875,982,275,297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFCE5FEB8FC661D4B" box="[875,982,275,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFC79FEB8FBE21D4B" box="[1015,1106,275,297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFC79FEB8FBE21D4B" box="[1015,1106,275,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. sanctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFB28FEB8FAB31D4B" box="[1190,1283,275,297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFB28FEB8FAB31D4B" box="[1190,1283,275,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. incanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFAA5FEBFFAF91D48" author="Linnaeus C" box="[1323,1353,276,298]" journalOrPublisher="Stockholm: Salvius" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref11671" refString="49. Linnaeus C (1759) Systema naturae (2 vols.). Stockholm: Salvius." title="Systema naturae (2 vols.)" type="book" year="1759">49</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. It has been suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFC53FE84FB8D1D27" box="[989,1085,303,325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFC53FE84FB8D1D27" box="[989,1085,303,325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a misprint for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFA87FE84FAD91D27" box="[1289,1385,303,325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFA87FE84FAD91D27" box="[1289,1385,303,325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. incanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFAF4FE9BFA261D24" author="Hepper FN & Jaeger P-ML" box="[1402,1430,304,326]" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="387 - 391" part="40" refId="ref11482" refString="45. Hepper FN, Jaeger P-ML (1985) The typification of six Linnaean names in Solanum. Kew Bull 40: 387 - 391." title="The typification of six Linnaean names in Solanum" type="journal article" year="1985">45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] but although it is unfortunate the two names are very similar they are not considered confusable (R. Brummitt, pers. comm.). Meyer et al. [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC6FFDCFC09FE2FFC121DF8" author="Meyer RS & Karol KG & Little DP & Nee MH & Litt A" box="[903,930,388,410]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="685 - 701" part="63" refId="ref10639" refString="21. Meyer RS, Karol KG, Little DP, Nee MH, Litt A (2012) Phylogeographic relationships among Asian eggplants and new perspectives on eggplant domestication. Mol Phylogenet Evol 63: 685 - 701." title="Phylogeographic relationships among Asian eggplants and new perspectives on eggplant domestication" type="journal article" year="2012">21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] erroneously considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC6FFDCFB16FE28FB461DFB" box="[1176,1270,387,409]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC6FFDCFB16FE28FB461DFB" box="[1176,1270,387,409]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. insanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as illegitimate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |