1058 lines
139 KiB
XML
1058 lines
139 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973" ID-PMC="PMC4154306" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-40-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" ID-PubMed="25197228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576244" ModsDocID="1314-2003-40-1" checkinTime="1451251714908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="de Lange, Peter J." docDate="2014" docId="2BEC6DF998D552F59D49E4623AE44D54" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 40: 1-185" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 40" docPubDate="2014-08-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973" docTitle="Kunzea linearis de Lange et Toelken 2014, comb. et stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" masterDocTitle="A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1668141164457" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>de Lange, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2014-08-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>40</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>185</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
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</mods:relatedItem>
|
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<mods:location>
|
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-40-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576244</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182228532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BEC6DF998D552F59D49E4623AE44D54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2BEC6DF998D552F59D49E4623AE44D54" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
6.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="2BEC6DF9-98D5-52F5-9D49-E4623AE44D54" authority="(Kirk) de Lange et Toelken" authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis" status="comb. et stat. nov.">Kunzea linearis (Kirk) de Lange et Toelken</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="53" pageNumber="54">comb. et stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides subsp. var. var. linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" status="comb. et stat. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="linearis">Leptospermum ericoides var. linearis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kirk in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">For. Fl.</emphasis>
|
||
(1889), 125, Plate LXIX (t.69), f.2
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum lineatum" order="Myrtales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineatum" status="comb. et stat. nov.">Leptospermum lineatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kirk) Cockayne in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Rep. Dune Area N.Z.</emphasis>
|
||
, (1911), 38.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides subsp. var. var. linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" status="comb. et stat. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="linearis">Kunzea ericoides var. linearis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kirk) W.Harris in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">N.Z.J.Bot.</emphasis>
|
||
25, (1987), 134.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Holotype and epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk. A Holotype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk, illustration t. 69 (f. 2) in Kirk (1889) B Epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk (WELT SP 029435). Scale bar: (A) 10 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">29A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
T. Kirk, The Forest Flora of New Zealand (1889), Plate LXIX (t.69), f.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 29.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype and epitype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk" authorityYear="1889" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides subsp. var. var. lineare" order="Myrtales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="lineare">Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kirk.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk" authorityYear="1889" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides subsp. var. var. lineare" order="Myrtales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="lineare">Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kirk, illustration t.69 (f.2) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B82" refString="Kirk, T, 1889. The Forest Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The Forest Flora of New Zealand" year="1889">Kirk (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
|
||
Epitype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk" authorityYear="1889" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides subsp. var. var. lineare" order="Myrtales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="lineare">Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kirk (WELT SP029435). Scale bar: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
|
||
) 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="epitype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Epitype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">(here designated)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Holotype and epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk. A Holotype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk, illustration t. 69 (f. 2) in Kirk (1889) B Epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk (WELT SP 029435). Scale bar: (A) 10 mm." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">29B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ahatawapa, Waitemata T. K[irk] 953, Feb 6 1866, WELT SP29435! Labelled by Kirk as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Rich" authorityYear="1832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">Leptospermum ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
A. Rich. Fl. N. Z. 357
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. var. var. lineatus" order="Myrtales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="lineatus">var. lineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">sic</emphasis>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B82" refString="Kirk, T, 1889. The Forest Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The Forest Flora of New Zealand" year="1889">Kirk (1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; p. 125) published
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides subsp. var. var. linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="linearis">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">Leptospermum</pageBreakToken>
|
||
ericoides var. linearis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a brief description which is given here in full: 'var.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="β">β</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="var. linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" variety="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Young shoots, leaves, and calyces silky; branchlets densely crowded; leaves linear and pungent, 1/40 in. wide, margins slightly recurved; calyx with more acute teeth; petals very small, crumpled. Calyx-teeth erect in fruit. This is probably a distinct species.' This description was accompanied by a small, somewhat stylised illustration (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘f.2’">'f.2'</normalizedToken>
|
||
) of a fruiting sprig (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Holotype and epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk. A Holotype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk, illustration t. 69 (f. 2) in Kirk (1889) B Epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk (WELT SP 029435). Scale bar: (A) 10 mm." pageId="54" pageNumber="55">29A</figureCitation>
|
||
). No locations were given or other specimens cited. Therefore, as the sole element accompanying the protologue I regard this illustration as the holotype (see Article 9.1, Note 1, especially the statement: 'if the author used only one element, it must be accepted as the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="holotype’">holotype'</normalizedToken>
|
||
). This is because, despite the wealth of collections in the Kirk herbarium at WELT and additional gatherings at K, all labelled in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kirk’s">Kirk's</normalizedToken>
|
||
hand with his new name (though often spelled
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. var. var. lineatus" order="Myrtales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="lineatus">var. lineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and/or or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="subsp. var. var. lineatum" order="Myrtales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="lineatum">var. lineatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B83" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands" year="1899">Kirk 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B83" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands" year="1899">Kirk (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not cite any of these in his protologue, leaving the illustration, which accompanies the description and its direct citation by the naming author (e.g.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘f.2’">'f.2'</normalizedToken>
|
||
), as the only possible choice. However, as the holotype is stylised it is inadequate to allow a precise application of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides subsp. var. var. linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="linearis">Leptospermum ericoides var. linearis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, therefore in accordance with Article 9.8 of the International Code of Nomenclature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McNeill, J" journalOrPublisher="Regnum Vegetabile" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" publicationUrl="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php" refId="B86" refString="McNeill, J, Barrie, FF, Buck, WR, Demoulin, V, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Marhold, J, Prado, JWF, Prud'Homme van Reine, WF, Smith, GF, Wiersema, J, Turland, NJ, 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile 154, http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Melbourne Code)." url="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php" volume="154" year="2012">McNeill et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) I designate WELT SP029435 as epitype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Holotype and epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk. A Holotype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk, illustration t. 69 (f. 2) in Kirk (1889) B Epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk (WELT SP 029435). Scale bar: (A) 10 mm." pageId="54" pageNumber="55">29B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This sheet comprises two fruiting specimens which clearly show the densely crowded branchlets, linear leaves, and fruits bearing persistent, erect calyx lobes. These are some of the distinguishing characters mentioned in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kirk’s">Kirk's</normalizedToken>
|
||
protologue for his new variety (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B82" refString="Kirk, T, 1889. The Forest Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The Forest Flora of New Zealand" year="1889">Kirk 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; p. 125). Further, the specimens were clearly collected by and labelled in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kirk’s">Kirk's</normalizedToken>
|
||
hand as '
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides subsp. var. var. lineatus" order="Myrtales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="lineatus">Leptospermum ericoides var. lineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
'.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">linearis</emphasis>
|
||
refers to the linear leaves of this species, a condition much remarked upon by Thomas Kirk on his herbarium specimens, and to a lesser extent in his descriptions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B82" refString="Kirk, T, 1889. The Forest Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The Forest Flora of New Zealand" year="1889">Kirk 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B83" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distinguishing features of Kunzea linearis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) F Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 287881) G Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) H Leaf variation: (H 1) Surville Cliffs (Glabrescent form, AK 287872), (H 2) Surville Cliffs (Hairy Form) (AK 287955), (H 3) North Island, Te Paki, Taumatatotara Flat (AK 287953), (H 4) North Island, Houhoura Harbour, Perpendicular Point (AK 211064), (H 5) North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Waiporohita (AK 287886), (H 6) Waipapa Stream (AK 288775), (H 7) North Island, Raetea Forest (AK 206328), (H 8) North Island, Waipu Cove Road (AK 287889), (H 9) North Island, Northcote, Ahatawapa (AK 288766), (H 10) North Island, Hauraki Plains, Waikumete Stream (AK 286054) I Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 287881) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 287881) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 287881) L Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 287881) M Stamens (ex cult. AK 287881) N Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 287881). Scale bars: (A, B, H) 10 mm; (C-F, I-N) 1 mm; (G) 0.5 mm." pageId="54" pageNumber="55">30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea linearis. (A-E all AK 287954) Branchlet indumentum F-H Seeds (AK 206336). Scale bars: (A, C, F) 1 mm; (B, D, E, G, H) 100 μm." pageId="54" pageNumber="55">31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C-D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G-J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="54" pageNumber="55">32</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">Growth</pageBreakToken>
|
||
habit
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
erect shrubs or small trees up to 12 m forming dark green to silvery-grey, erect but more or less rounded, plumose, densely branched canopies up to 2 m diam., sometimes (usually on ultramafic rocks) decumbent and/or trailing.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Trunk</emphasis>
|
||
1(-4 or more), mostly erect but in trailing specimens distinctly serpentine, 0.10-0.46(-0.60) m d.b.h.; basal portion of trunks initially covered with rather thick, firm, stringy, brown to brownish grey coriaceous bark.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bark</emphasis>
|
||
early bark firmly coriaceous, dark brown to brown,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
elongate, usually bearing a few transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise remaining firmly attached, margins elongate sinuous,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark similar though more distinctly corky-coriaceous, coarsely tessellated and remaining firmly attached, if detaching then usually doing so along transverse cracks, and peeling inwards to leave distinct layers of chartaceous, lunate, flakes that are centrally attached; flakes usually with highly irregular, frayed and shattered apices, otherwise margins
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
entire; upper surface of bark flakes tessellated; upper trunk bark crumbling readily in hand, shattering if pulled hard into numerous, small, tabular flakes.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Branches</emphasis>
|
||
numerous, usually present from close to or at trunk base, but becoming progressively confined with age to the upper half of trunk; ascending to upright, very rarely spreading (usually in decumbent plants), usually distinctly plumose and often bearing old fruits; branchlets numerous, plumose, rather slender,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
quadrangular to subterete, leaves crowded along stems; branchlets sericeous, indumentum copious, hairs antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, up to 0.68 mm long, hyaline to translucent (appearing silvery when young, maturing silver-grey).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Vegetative buds</emphasis>
|
||
inconspicuous, usually obscured from view by surrounding leaves; at resting stage 0.2-0.8 mm diam. narrowly ovoid; scales deciduous; (0.2-)1.2 mm long, stramineous to pale brown, broadly ovate-lanceolate grading through lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate; midrib strongly keeled, prolonged to apiculate tip, often with one prominent row of 2-6 oil glands on either side of midrib; scales initially completely obscured by long silky silvery-white hairs, becoming glabrate, with hairs progressively confined to scale margins, midrib, and keel prolongation.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
not heterophyllous, sessile, usually hairy, very rarely glabrous, densely crowded along branchlets, particularly toward apices, initially obliquely ascending, subappressed to suberect, basally often spreading to weakly recurved in distal one-third; lamina (9.3-)12.7(-19.5)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.3-)0.7(-1.2) mm, initially silvery-grey (due to dense hair covering), maturing dark green to glaucous green above (as hairs are shed) with a dull not glossy surface, paler beneath; lamina linear, distal one-third sometimes weakly recurved, apex sharply acute, cuspidate, base attenuate (with adaxial surface often glabrous, abaxial densely hairy); adaxial lamina surface flat to weakly concave, glandular punctate, with oil glands evident when fresh or dry (though more conspicuous when dry), up to c.300, midrib very slightly raised near base, otherwise only evident for c. one-third of length as a conspicuous line of silvery-grey antrorse-appressed, silky hairs up to 0.8 mm long; abaxial surface flat to weakly convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 300; midrib raised for entire length, densely sericeous to just short of leaf apex, hairs as for adaxial midrib and lamina margins; lamina margins copiously covered in silvery-grey hairs, these forming a thick band and fusing with the abaxial midrib hairs just short of lamina apex, and along decurrent leaf bases.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Perules</emphasis>
|
||
deciduous, (0.3-)1.8(-2.3) mm long, straminaceous to pale brown, narrowly ovate, ovate-lanceolate grading through to narrowly lanceolate; midrib strongly keeled, cuspidate, with an obscure row of 2-8 oil glands on either side of midrib; lamina initially obscured by long silky silvery-white hairs, becoming glabrate, with hairs progressively confined to scale margins, midrib, and keel prolongation.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
mostly compact, spiciform (3-)8(-12)-flowered botrya 20-80 mm long; usually on brachyblasts with the terminal shoot either bearing a slightly longer (up to 180 mm) compact 6-15-flowered, spiciform botryum, or a greatly elongated, spiciform, 10-40-flowered botryum up to 180 mm long. Flowers of smaller botrya crowded, those of elongated botrya regularly spaced up to 20 mm apart; terminal portion of both short and elongated spiciform botrya inflorescence types often bearing undeveloped flowers and active vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pherophylls</emphasis>
|
||
persistent, leaf-like, 1-2 per flower, closely clasping hypanthium base, usually hairy, very rarely glabrous; lamina (6.0-)9.8(-12.8)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.9-)1.8(-2.2) mm, dark silvery-green, silvery-grey or glaucous (depending one extent of hair covering), linear to linear-falcate; linear-falcate pherophylls with basal portion sharply bent almost at right angles to inflorescence axis, otherwise obliquely ascending to suberect, or spreading; apex acute, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually deeply concave to weakly so, glandular punctate, oil glands up to c.100 (usually fewer); midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise indistinct, bearing antrorse-appressed, silky, hairs for whole length or glabrous; abaxial surface deeply convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 100 (usually fewer); midrib scarcely evident especially if glabrous, otherwise mostly evident as a dense line of antrorse-appressed, silky hairs continuing to the apex, lamina margin usually densely covered by antrorse-appressed, sericeous hairs, sometimes glabrous.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pedicels</emphasis>
|
||
sessile to subsessile, up to 1.2 mm long at anthesis, scarcely elongating after anthesis, terete, copiously invested with silky, antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Flower buds</emphasis>
|
||
ovoid, double conic to pyriform, apex sharply erect; calyx lobes pinched at apex inwards, and touching prior to bud burst. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (1.9-)3.9(-5.7) mm diam.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hypanthium</emphasis>
|
||
(2.0-)2.8(-4.0)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2.5-)3.4(-4.1) mm, with free portion 0.6-0.9 mm long, silvery-white to silvery-grey due to copious covering of hairs or dark red-green if glabrous; barrel-shaped, cupular or narrowly campanulate, terminating in scarcely defined chartaceous rim bearing 5 persistent sharply erect calyx lobes; hypanthium surface smooth, usually completely covered in a dense covering of long, silky, antrorse-appressed silvery hairs; ribs scarcely evident. Calyx lobes 5, erect, subcoriaceous, (1.0-)1.3(-1.6)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.2-)0.4(-0.6) mm, persistent, narrowly deltoid to deltoid with acute tips, red-green, weakly keeled or not, lobes densely covered in long, silky, silvery, antrorse-appressed, hairs or glabrous; margins green flushed pink or red, oil glands evident only in glabrous forms, rather inconspicuous,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
colourless. Receptacle green or pink at anthesis, usually darkening to crimson after fertilisation.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Petals</emphasis>
|
||
5(-6), (0.9-)1.4(-2.0)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.7-)1.4(-1.9) mm, cream, pale pink or cream basally flushed pink, narrowly ovate to suborbicular, suberect, upper one-third sometimes weakly recurved, apex rounded, margins
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
finely and irregularly crumpled, sometimes denticulate, oil glands colourless.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Stamens</emphasis>
|
||
32-46(-60) in 1-2 weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments cream. Antipetalous stamens (2-)3(-6) sometimes petaloid, antisepalous (3-)4(-7). Outermost antipetalous stamens initially erect with the upper portion often incurved, more rarely outcurved, on filaments 1.2-1.8 mm long, inner stamen if present, 0.9-1.6 mm, erect or incurved, often a further 1-3 stamens, of similar length to inner stamens may be present at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair. Antisepalous stamens shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, 0.8-1.0 mm, erect or weakly to strongly incurved, rarely outcurved, usually in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.04-0.06
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02-0.04 mm, testiculate, latrorse. Pollen white (13.2-)16.2(-21.0)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Anther connective gland prominent, pale pink or golden-yellow when fresh, drying yellow to pale orange, spheroidal, finely to coarsely papillate.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ovary</emphasis>
|
||
(3-)4(-5) locular, each with 18-26(-30) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 0.8-2.0 mm long at anthesis, elongating after anthesis, cream or pale pink; stigma narrowly capitate, as wide as, or slightly wider than style,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
flat, greenish-white or pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface finely granular-papillate.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fruits</emphasis>
|
||
long persistent, (1.6-)2.3(-2.9)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2.3-)3.0(-4.1) mm, initially silvery-white or silvery-grey due to dense hair covering, maturing grey-brown to grey-black depending on degree of hair loss, sometimes completely glabrous in which case dark brown; in all types fading with age to pale grey in exposed situations or grey-black in shade, barrel-shaped to narrowly obconic, rarely campanulate to cupular, calyx valves prominently erect, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
0.50-1.00(-1.10)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.48-0.63(-0.70) mm, obovoid, oblong, oblong-ellipsoid, or cylindrical and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
curved; usually curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2-3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute; base oblique,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Jul-)Nov-Jan(-May). FT: Jun-May. Chromosome Number 2
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 22 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figure 30.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguishing features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B</emphasis>
|
||
Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
||
Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D</emphasis>
|
||
Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">E</emphasis>
|
||
Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F</emphasis>
|
||
Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf variation: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H1</emphasis>
|
||
) Surville Cliffs (Glabrescent form, AK 287872), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H2</emphasis>
|
||
) Surville Cliffs (Hairy Form) (AK 287955), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H3</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Te Paki, Taumatatotara Flat (AK 287953), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H4</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Houhoura Harbour, Perpendicular Point (AK 211064), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H5</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Waiporohita (AK 287886), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H6</emphasis>
|
||
) Waipapa Stream (AK 288775), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H7</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Raetea Forest (AK 206328), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H8</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Waipu Cove Road (AK 287889), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H9</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Northcote, Ahatawapa (AK 288766), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H10</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Hauraki Plains, Waikumete Stream (AK 286054)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">I</emphasis>
|
||
Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">J</emphasis>
|
||
Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">K</emphasis>
|
||
Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">L</emphasis>
|
||
Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">M</emphasis>
|
||
Stamens (ex cult. AK 287881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">N</emphasis>
|
||
Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 287881). Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A, B, H</emphasis>
|
||
) 10 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C-F, I-N</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G</emphasis>
|
||
) 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="Figure 31" startId="F31">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figure 31.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning Electron Micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A-E</emphasis>
|
||
all AK 287954) Branchlet indumentum
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F-H</emphasis>
|
||
Seeds (AK 206336). Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A, C, F</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B, D, E, G, H</emphasis>
|
||
) 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="Figure 32" startId="F32">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figure 32.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B</emphasis>
|
||
Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kendal’s">Kendal's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C-D</emphasis>
|
||
Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">E</emphasis>
|
||
Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F</emphasis>
|
||
Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G-J</emphasis>
|
||
Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kendal’s">Kendal's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">K</emphasis>
|
||
Spiciform botrya of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">J. E. Braggins</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">L</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering spiciform botrya of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">J. E. Braggins</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="representative specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Representative specimens</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">(148 sheets seen):</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand (North Island).</emphasis>
|
||
Te Paki, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, P. J. de Lange 1250 & G. M. Crowcroft, 30 Jan 1992, (AK 207192, Duplicates: AD, CHR); Te Paki, Tom Bowlings Bay, H. Carse s.n., Dec 1926, (CHR 296369); Te Paki, Spirits Bay/Kerr Point Road junction, R. Cooper s.n., 30 Oct 1969, (AK 121371, Duplicate: CHR); Te Aupouri, Te Kao (near school/Te Ahu road junction), P. J. de Lange 4164, 18 Jan 2000, (AK 287887; Duplicate: AD, NSW); Te Aupouri, Mt Camel, near Perpendicular Point, P. J. de Lange 1865, 15 Nov 1992, (AK 211064, Duplicates: AD, CHR); Rangaunu Harbour, Kaimaumau, R. Cooper s.n., 7 Nov 1966, (AK 117773); Waipapakauri, H. Carse s.n., 7 Jan 1902, (WELT SP077488); Kaitaia, H. B. Matthews s.n. & H. Carse, Dec 1918, (CHR 296350); Ahipara Gumfields, Waitaha Stream, P. J. de Lange 4146, 17 Jan 2000, (AK 287957); Mangonui, Rangiawhia School, R. Cooper s.n., 25 Aug 1965, (AK 123157); Mangamuka, Raetea Forest, L. J. Forester s.n., 5 Mar 1992, AK 206336; Whangaroa Harbour, Wainui Road, Waitapu Bay, P. J. de Lange 5987 & P. B. Heenan, 1 Apr 2004, (AK 286197, Duplicate: AD); Russell, Bay of Islands, D. Petrie s.n., May 1897, (WELT SP029463); Between Waimate and the Bay of Islands, W. Colenso 182, 30 Jul 1844, (WELT SP022866, Duplicate: K); Kai Iwi Lake, R. Cooper s.n., 13 Nov 1968, (AK 120232); Whangarei, near Marsden Point, R. O. Gardner 10178, 24 May 2000, (AK 251630); Pouto Peninsula, Sail Point, above Clarkes Bay, P. J. de Lange 6288 & R. O. Gardner, 10 Aug 1995, (AK 288776); Mangawhai, Molesworth Drive, P. J. de Lange 5537 & G. M. Crowcroft, 4 Oct 2002, (AK 283238); Te Arai Point Road, Te Arai, P. J. de Lange 5534 & G. M. Crowcroft, 3 Oct 2002, (AK 283237, Duplicate: CHR); Takatu Peninsula, Million Bay, Campbells Beach, P. J. de Lange 6330, 12 Jan 2005, (AK 289208); Northcote, Waitemata Harbour, North Block, 'Aha Tawa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pa’">Pa'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Tennyson Road), P. J. de Lange 6284, 15 Nov 2004, (AK 288766, Duplicates: AD, CHR, K, MEL, NSW, NZFRI, WAIK, WELT); Birkdale, H. B. Matthews s.n., 1919, (AK 102429); Auckland, near
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cox’s">Cox's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Creek, T. Kirk s.n., n.d., (K); Maramarua - Matamata Road (State Highway 27), 800 m north of Waikumete Stream, P. J. de Lange 4625, 7 Nov 2000, (AK 286054, Duplicates: AD, CHR, WAIK); Hapuakohe Range, Wai Iti Road, above Ohinekaua Stream, P. J. de Lange 4707, 16 Nov 2000, (AK 288490, Duplicates: AD, CHR); North Wairarapa, 1 mile west of Kupukore, A. P. Druce s.n., May 1965, (CHR 132842).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Poor Knights Islands:</emphasis>
|
||
Aorangi, western ridge of Tatua Peak, P. J. de Lange 6875, 14 Jan 2007, (AK 298368, Duplicate: CHR).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Distribution of Kunzea linearis." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">33</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic. New Zealand, North Island (sea level - 310 m a.s.l.). Recorded from Te Paki south to the Ahipara Gumlands and the Karikari Peninsula. South of there it is sporadic and mainly coastal to the Waitemata Harbour.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="start">Also</pageBreakToken>
|
||
present on the western side of Aotea (Great Barrier Island), the eastern side of the Coromandel Peninsula (near Tairua), on the western margin of the Hauraki Plains just north of Kaihere, and within the foothills of the Hapuakohe Range. South of there
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
linearis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from a single, highly disjunct collection made by A. P. Druce (CHR 132842) from near Mt Kupukore, in the northern Wairarapa. Although I have seen no other specimens from the southern half of the North Island, I accept this record, because the collector A.P. [Tony] Druce, was a well known, cautious botanical explorer not prone to making labelling errors, and with a critical eye for the unusual (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Atkinson, IAE" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="573 - 577" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512654" refId="B5" refString="Atkinson, IAE, 1999. Obituary: Anthony Peter Druce, BE (Civil), 1920-1999. New Zealand Journal of Botany 37: 573 - 577, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512654" title="Obituary: Anthony Peter Druce, BE (Civil), 1920 - 1999." url="10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512654" volume="37" year="1999">Atkinson 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, at the time of that
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="specimen’s">specimen's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection in May 1965, Druce was unfamiliar with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(he had labelled his specimen '
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Rich" authorityYear="1832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Leptospermum ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
'). In fact it was not until May 1987, 22 years later that he made his next herbarium collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Ahipara (CHR 469707), and that gathering Druce labelled as an
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘unnamed’">'unnamed'</normalizedToken>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ahipara”">"Ahipara"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Druce, AP" journalOrPublisher="Lincoln, New Zealand" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="B51" refString="Druce, AP, 1993. Indigenous vascular plants of New Zealand (9th rev.). Lincoln, New Zealand" title="Indigenous vascular plants of New Zealand (9 th rev.)" year="1993">Druce 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)), apparently not realising that it already had a formal name within the genus. Although subsequent searches of Mt Kupukore made at my request in 2007 by Mr Pat Enright (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">in litt.</emphasis>
|
||
) failed to find
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there, hybrids between it and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were present, suggesting its past, or continuing presence in the area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 33.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most distinctive of the New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Its discovery by Thomas Kirk at Ahatawapa and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cox’s">Cox's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Creek, Auckland was remarked upon by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, JD" journalOrPublisher="Reeve and Co, London" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B77" refString="Hooker, JD, 1867. Handbook of the New Zealand Flora. Reeve and Co, London" title="Handbook of the New Zealand Flora" year="1867">Hooker (1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; p. 728) who noted
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="it’s">it's</normalizedToken>
|
||
distinctiveness in his treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Rich" authorityYear="1832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Leptospermum ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but elected not to name it because 'the species of this genus are, however, so variable that I do not venture to make a new one of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="this’">this'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Perhaps swayed by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hooker’s">Hooker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
views,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B83" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands" year="1899">Kirk (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not name it at species rank. Nevertheless in his protologue he remarked (p. 125) that 'this is probably a distinct
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. No other species has the same combination of densely crowded erect, plumose, dark green to silvery grey branches and branchlets (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C-D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G-J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">32F</figureCitation>
|
||
), covered in masses of hairy linear leaves, sessile to subsessile small flowers with suberect, crumpled petals that are borne on mainly spiciform, condensed botrya, with long linear to linear-falcate pherophylls (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distinguishing features of Kunzea linearis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) F Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 287881) G Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) H Leaf variation: (H 1) Surville Cliffs (Glabrescent form, AK 287872), (H 2) Surville Cliffs (Hairy Form) (AK 287955), (H 3) North Island, Te Paki, Taumatatotara Flat (AK 287953), (H 4) North Island, Houhoura Harbour, Perpendicular Point (AK 211064), (H 5) North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Waiporohita (AK 287886), (H 6) Waipapa Stream (AK 288775), (H 7) North Island, Raetea Forest (AK 206328), (H 8) North Island, Waipu Cove Road (AK 287889), (H 9) North Island, Northcote, Ahatawapa (AK 288766), (H 10) North Island, Hauraki Plains, Waikumete Stream (AK 286054) I Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 287881) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 287881) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 287881) L Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 287881) M Stamens (ex cult. AK 287881) N Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 287881). Scale bars: (A, B, H) 10 mm; (C-F, I-N) 1 mm; (G) 0.5 mm." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">30A-B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C-D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G-J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">32K-L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Herbarium specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are particularly distinctive because they usually turn silvery-grey on drying, a colour caused by the abundance of light-reflecting silky hairs on the branchlets and leaves. In addition to these differences,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is further distinguished by its unique chromosome complement comprising eight
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘large’">'large'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.2-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and three small (0.8-0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) chromosome pairs. Of the sequence regions investigated (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="309 - 319" publicationUrl="10.1071/SB10019" refId="B45" refString="de Lange, PJ, Smissen, RD, Wagstaff, SJ, Keeling, DJ, Murray, BG, Toelken, HR, 2010. A molecular phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Kunzea (Myrtaceae) inferred from rDNA ITS and ETS sequences. Australian Systematic Botany 23: 309 - 319, DOI: 10.1071/SB10019" title="A molecular phylogeny and infrageneric classification of Kunzea (Myrtaceae) inferred from rDNA ITS and ETS sequences." url="10.1071/SB10019" volume="23" year="2010">de Lange et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ETS was the only site showing variation (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
), with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differing from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea (Niviferae) subsp. Subgen." order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Niviferae">Kunzea Subgen. Niviferae</taxonomicName>
|
||
at alignment positions 41 and 259 where a unique guanine nucleotide and guanine/adenine mix are present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Otherwise,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a cytosine nucleotide at alignment position 269 (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
), and with Mt Egmont samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and multiple samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea salterae" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salterae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea salterae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea toelkenii" order="Myrtales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kunzea toelkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a guanine/cytosine mix at position 232 (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
linearis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is frequently sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and less commonly with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Aotea (Great Barrier Island). It is easily distinguished from all three species in the field and the herbarium by the linear leaves, inflorescence type, pherophylls and floral features (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distinguishing features of Kunzea linearis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) F Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 287881) G Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) H Leaf variation: (H 1) Surville Cliffs (Glabrescent form, AK 287872), (H 2) Surville Cliffs (Hairy Form) (AK 287955), (H 3) North Island, Te Paki, Taumatatotara Flat (AK 287953), (H 4) North Island, Houhoura Harbour, Perpendicular Point (AK 211064), (H 5) North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Waiporohita (AK 287886), (H 6) Waipapa Stream (AK 288775), (H 7) North Island, Raetea Forest (AK 206328), (H 8) North Island, Waipu Cove Road (AK 287889), (H 9) North Island, Northcote, Ahatawapa (AK 288766), (H 10) North Island, Hauraki Plains, Waikumete Stream (AK 286054) I Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 287881) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 287881) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 287881) L Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 287881) M Stamens (ex cult. AK 287881) N Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 287881). Scale bars: (A, B, H) 10 mm; (C-F, I-N) 1 mm; (G) 0.5 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">30A-B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C-D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G-J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">32K-L</figureCitation>
|
||
; Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a superficial resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because both species have somewhat similar long narrow leaves, such that they have been confused in past literature e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" editor="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Department of Conservation, Wellington" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="83 - 104" refId="B39" refString="de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, BPJ, 1997. An annotated checklist of New Zealand mistletoe (Loranthaceae) hosts. In: de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Eds., New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes. Department of Conservation, Wellington: 83 - 104" title="An annotated checklist of New Zealand mistletoe (Loranthaceae) hosts." volumeTitle="New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes." year="1997">de Lange et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the allopatric South Island endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its long, silky, antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose branchlet hairs (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distinguishing features of Kunzea linearis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) F Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 287881) G Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) H Leaf variation: (H 1) Surville Cliffs (Glabrescent form, AK 287872), (H 2) Surville Cliffs (Hairy Form) (AK 287955), (H 3) North Island, Te Paki, Taumatatotara Flat (AK 287953), (H 4) North Island, Houhoura Harbour, Perpendicular Point (AK 211064), (H 5) North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Waiporohita (AK 287886), (H 6) Waipapa Stream (AK 288775), (H 7) North Island, Raetea Forest (AK 206328), (H 8) North Island, Waipu Cove Road (AK 287889), (H 9) North Island, Northcote, Ahatawapa (AK 288766), (H 10) North Island, Hauraki Plains, Waikumete Stream (AK 286054) I Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 287881) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 287881) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 287881) L Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 287881) M Stamens (ex cult. AK 287881) N Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 287881). Scale bars: (A, B, H) 10 mm; (C-F, I-N) 1 mm; (G) 0.5 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">30C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea linearis. (A-E all AK 287954) Branchlet indumentum F-H Seeds (AK 206336). Scale bars: (A, C, F) 1 mm; (B, D, E, G, H) 100 μm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">31A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
), consistently dark green to almost glaucous linear leaves densely crowded toward the branchlet apices, usually condensed spiciform botrya (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distinguishing features of Kunzea linearis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) F Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 287881) G Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) H Leaf variation: (H 1) Surville Cliffs (Glabrescent form, AK 287872), (H 2) Surville Cliffs (Hairy Form) (AK 287955), (H 3) North Island, Te Paki, Taumatatotara Flat (AK 287953), (H 4) North Island, Houhoura Harbour, Perpendicular Point (AK 211064), (H 5) North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Waiporohita (AK 287886), (H 6) Waipapa Stream (AK 288775), (H 7) North Island, Raetea Forest (AK 206328), (H 8) North Island, Waipu Cove Road (AK 287889), (H 9) North Island, Northcote, Ahatawapa (AK 288766), (H 10) North Island, Hauraki Plains, Waikumete Stream (AK 286054) I Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 287881) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 287881) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 287881) L Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 287881) M Stamens (ex cult. AK 287881) N Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 287881). Scale bars: (A, B, H) 10 mm; (C-F, I-N) 1 mm; (G) 0.5 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">30A-B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C-D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G-J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">32K-L</figureCitation>
|
||
), sessile to subsessile flowers with the calyx lobes of the mature bud erect, apically pinched inwards and touching just prior to bud burst (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distinguishing features of Kunzea linearis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) F Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 287881) G Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) H Leaf variation: (H 1) Surville Cliffs (Glabrescent form, AK 287872), (H 2) Surville Cliffs (Hairy Form) (AK 287955), (H 3) North Island, Te Paki, Taumatatotara Flat (AK 287953), (H 4) North Island, Houhoura Harbour, Perpendicular Point (AK 211064), (H 5) North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Waiporohita (AK 287886), (H 6) Waipapa Stream (AK 288775), (H 7) North Island, Raetea Forest (AK 206328), (H 8) North Island, Waipu Cove Road (AK 287889), (H 9) North Island, Northcote, Ahatawapa (AK 288766), (H 10) North Island, Hauraki Plains, Waikumete Stream (AK 286054) I Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 287881) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 287881) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 287881) L Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 287881) M Stamens (ex cult. AK 287881) N Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 287881). Scale bars: (A, B, H) 10 mm; (C-F, I-N) 1 mm; (G) 0.5 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">30A, I-K</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C-D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G-J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">32K-L</figureCitation>
|
||
), suberect petals, and by the usually hairy hypanthia and fruits (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distinguishing features of Kunzea linearis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) F Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 287881) G Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) H Leaf variation: (H 1) Surville Cliffs (Glabrescent form, AK 287872), (H 2) Surville Cliffs (Hairy Form) (AK 287955), (H 3) North Island, Te Paki, Taumatatotara Flat (AK 287953), (H 4) North Island, Houhoura Harbour, Perpendicular Point (AK 211064), (H 5) North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Waiporohita (AK 287886), (H 6) Waipapa Stream (AK 288775), (H 7) North Island, Raetea Forest (AK 206328), (H 8) North Island, Waipu Cove Road (AK 287889), (H 9) North Island, Northcote, Ahatawapa (AK 288766), (H 10) North Island, Hauraki Plains, Waikumete Stream (AK 286054) I Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 287881) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 287881) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 287881) L Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 287881) M Stamens (ex cult. AK 287881) N Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 287881). Scale bars: (A, B, H) 10 mm; (C-F, I-N) 1 mm; (G) 0.5 mm." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">30J, N</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has some similarity to the allopatric Three Kings Island group endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially as the latter sometimes has flower buds with suberect touching calyx lobes. Although the two species never meet in the wild, they have been confused in herbaria. Differences between both species are discussed in more detail under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="59" pageNumber="60" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
linearis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is primarily a species of coastal to lowland shrubland habitats overlying impoverished soils (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C-D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G-J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">32B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and peat bogs. It is only very rarely found at any distance inland. The sole exception appears to be Te Paki where it is virtually the only
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species present and so seems to occupy a much greater range of habitats than it would usually (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C-D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G-J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">32A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elsewhere within its range, even in apparently suitable inland gumland scrub habitats overlying leached soils, and on the clay podzols of the Northland Peninsula, it is usually replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to reach its greatest abundance on sand podzols overlying older usually Pleistocene-aged sand dunes, especially in places where these grade into peat. Because it is tolerant of seasonal flooding, waterlogged soils and extreme drought
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually the dominant species on the sand country of the Te Aupouri Peninsula, as well as the acidic leached clays and older sand soils of Te Paki. It is also the dominant woody shrub on the margins of the oligotrophic peat bogs and lakes of the Taumatatotara Flats (Te Paki), the Motutangi-Kaimaumau Peat Bog, Lake Ohia, Karikari Peninsula lakes and in parts of the Ahipara Gumlands. Outside these habitats
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found growing within shell banks and low-lying clay banks subject to saline inundation within the mangrove (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia marina subsp. australasica" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subSpecies" species="marina" subSpecies="australasica">Avicennia marina subsp. australasica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walp.) J.Everett) swamps of the upper Whangaroa Harbour. In western Northland it may occasionally colonise mobile sand where it is then usually sympatric with and often out-competed by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In parts of Te Paki and also on the Poor Knights Islands,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can sometimes be found in abundance within mixed indigenous forests, though mostly then on skeletal soils developed on outcrops of hard volcanic rock or on deeply leached clay podzols (usually in association with kauri (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Coniferopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agathis australis" order="Pinales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Agathis australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D.Don) Lindl.)). These situations are exceptional and, as a rule,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not found in mature forests. South of the Pouto Peninsula and Te Arai,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a very patchy. In these areas it is usually found on cliff faces growing amongst pohutukawa (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros excelsa" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Metrosideros excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sol. ex Gaertn.). In places where the cliffs abut land that has been frequently fired,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a local component of the fire-induced gumland vegetation. The peculiar disjunct distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
south of its main Northland occurrences, and in particular the close association of the Waitemata Harbour populations with sites of former Maori habitation and fortifications, e.g., Ahatawapa and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kendal’s">Kendal's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C-D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G-J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal's Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">32B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and some of the original sites of European settlement e.g., Devonport,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cox’s">Cox's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Creek, led
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Eagle's Complete Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="234 - 239" refId="B34" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2006. . Eagle's Complete Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand Vol. 1: 234 - 239" volume="Vol. 1" year="2006">de Lange (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to suggest that these
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations were not natural and may have resulted from the accidental spread of seed from firewood bought by Maori to the Waitemata Harbour from the eastern part of coastal Northland during the musket wars that raged between 1810 and the close of the 1830s. While this requires further study, the majority of these southerly occurrences are in habitats not usually occupied by the species in the main part of its range, and that also invariably occur on or close to cultural sites. Alternatively it could be natural to these areas, and may have temporarily expanded its range during the initial settlement phase of Auckland to occupy freshly cleared land. However, this explanation does not address the peculiar patchy distribution of the species on Aotea (Great Barrier Island), the Coromandel Peninsula, western Hauraki Plains and the foothills of the Hapuakohe Range, where successional habitats are still common, nor its peculiar disjunction to Mt Kupukore in the eastern Wairarapa (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Distribution of Kunzea linearis." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">33</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sometimes heavily parasitised by the hemiparasitic dwarf mistletoe
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Viscaceae" genus="Korthalsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Korthalsella salicornioides" order="Santalales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="salicornioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Korthalsella salicornioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the northern part of its range it is often festooned in dense tangles of the lauraceous hemiparasitic taihoa (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cassytha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cassytha paniculata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="paniculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Cassytha paniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
R.Br. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cassytha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cassytha pubescens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Cassytha pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
R.Br.). Around Te Paki
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provides an important habitat for an unnamed green gecko (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Naultinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naultinus" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Naultinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Te Paki"), and elsewhere in Te Aupouri the Northland green gecko (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Naultinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naultinus grayi" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grayi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Naultinus grayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bell, 1843) (R. Hitchmough pers. comm.) whilst around Auckland it is a favoured habitat for another gecko,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Naultinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naultinus elegans" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Naultinus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gray, 1842). Two geckos of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Dactylocnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dactylocnemis" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Dactylocnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fitzinger, 1861 (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Dactylocnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dactylocnemis pacificus" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Dactylocnemis pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gray, 1842) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Dactylocnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dactylocnemis" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Dactylocnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"North Cape") and one of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nielsen, Bauer, Jackman, Hitchmough & Daugherty" authorityYear="2011" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Mokopirirakau" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mokopirirakau" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mokopirirakau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Mokopirirakau" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mokopirirakau granulatus" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mokopirirakau granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gray, 1845)) are also commonly found sheltering under the bark of this species (R. Hitchmough pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="hybridism">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hybridism.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widespread species of northern New Zealand, and it is frequently sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the western part of its range and with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the east. Throughout this range, but especially in places of prolonged human disturbance, the putative hybrids
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be abundant. This observation is borne out by artificial hybridisation which showed that, whether used as a staminate or pistillate parent,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
readily formed hybrids with five of the seven other New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used in that study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="117 - 131" publicationUrl="10.1071/SB04043" refId="B44" refString="de Lange, PJ, Datson, PM, Murray, BG, Toelken, HR, 2005. Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 117 - 131, DOI: 10.1071/SB04043" title="Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses." url="10.1071/SB04043" volume="18" year="2005">de Lange et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Because
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hybrids are fully fertile there is a tendency for introgressed populations to develop, especially where local habitat conditions are prone to regular disturbance. Thus, complex introgressive hybrid swarms may occur in places that are frequently burned, subject to plantation forestry, coastal subdivision or urban development. Where conditions are extreme, such as the heavily developed northern shores of the Waitemata Harbour, Auckland, it is now difficult to find
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘pure’">'pure'</normalizedToken>
|
||
examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as introgressed hybrid plants are dominant over much of that area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The most commonly encountered hybrid is
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="60" pageNumber="61" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
linearis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is recognised by its foliage, which tends to be ascending rather than spreading, dark green, linear-oblanceolate rather than linear, and which has obtuse rather than acute apices. Foliar hair distribution is also markedly more variable on hybrid specimens, ranging from glabrate to distinctly sericeous hairy but with the hairs generally more restricted to the leaf margins and abaxial midribs. All putative hybrids, when fresh, have glossy leaves rather than the more usual dull dark green to silvery-grey leaf surfaces typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Flowering material is especially diagnostic, with the inflorescences on single individuals varying from elongate spiciform to compact corymbiform. The flowers tend to be shortly pedicellate, never sessile to subsessile, and the hypanthia broadly obconic to broadly barrel-shaped rather than barrel-shaped to sharply obconic. The hypanthia and fruit surfaces usually show a mixture of the short, antrorse-appressed hairs typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the long, sericeous, weakly flexuose, antrorse-appressed hairs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In some examples the hypanthium surface may even be glabrate. An important distinction is the shape of the calyx lobes in mature buds. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these are consistently narrowly deltoid with distinctly acute apices, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, broadly obtuse to rounded. In the hybrid they tend to be broadly deltoid with subacute to rounded apices. As with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the calyx lobes of the mature flower buds in hybrids tend to lie flat, though a few may be suberect, and, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lobes are rarely touching at bud burst. The petals of the hybrids tend to be larger than the range seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and spreading rather than suberect, but, as with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are often flushed pink or off-white with the margins finely crumpled. Depending on the degree of introgression, most hybrids can be readily identified by these characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The hybrid
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common only in a small area between Waipapakauri, Ahipara and the adjacent, heavily modified Ahipara Plateau. Although this hybrid is fully described under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some of the key diagnostic features are noted here to assist with distinguishing it from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is best recognised vegetatively by its leaves which are narrow to broadly lanceolate rather than linear to oblong, oblong-obovate to elliptic. Also they tend to be less evenly spaced than is usual for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are more crowded toward the branchlet apices. The shape of the pherophylls is diagnostic. Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has linear to linear-falcate, ascending to spreading pherophylls, or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has oblong, oblong-obovate, to elliptic, recurved ones, those of the hybrid are linear-oblong and spreading to weakly falcate. The flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sessile to subsessile, and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinctly long pedicellate; hybrid flowers show a gradation from subsessile to shortly pedicellate (often on the same plant), and the hypanthium, calyx lobes and petals are also intermediate (see under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The most critical difference is the shape and position of the calyx lobes, which are narrowly deltoid and erect in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, broadly obtuse to rounded and suberect or spreading in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and narrowly obtuse and suberect to erect in the hybrid. Further, as with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the calyx lobes of fruiting hybrids are incurved from the base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The hybrid
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="61" pageNumber="62" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
linearis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very uncommon. Four specimens have been found on the western side of Aotea (Great Barrier Island), two flowering examples collected at
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Fitzroy”">"Fitzroy"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(W. R. B. Oliver s.n. (WELT SP029478), W. R. B. Oliver s.n. (WELT SP029494)), and two sterile gatherings, one each from near Mt Young and Maungapiko.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oliver’s">Oliver's</normalizedToken>
|
||
gatherings are the only wild flowering specimens of this hybrid known. The other examples are sterile but their hybrid status is evident by their distinctive foliage, and, in the one wild example I found, weakly erect, spreading, small tree habit. The foliage of all four specimens is distinctly narrow-lanceolate to almost linear, reddish silvery-grey, and copiously covered in long silky hairs. The leaf apices are sharply acute, and the margins have distinctly longer hairs than the rest of the lamina. Artificially raised hybrids of this combination were fully fertile (e.g., P. J. de Lange 5776 (AK 284581)), and produced shortly pedicellate flowers on somewhat spiciform inflorescences. The pherophylls ranged from broadly elliptic to lanceolate, and, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are quickly shed, being present only in the early stages of floral bud development. The flowers of wild and experimental
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hybrids are smaller than is usual in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with hypanthia that are more narrowly obconic to campanulate, red-pigmented and copiously covered in long, antrorse-appressed hairs. The calyx lobes are suberect to erect, broadly deltoid with acute apices and very hairy margins. The lobes are very hairy along the centre, either side of which is a glabrous pale pink band. Often there is a small, deciduous apiculus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="vernacular names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Until recently northern Maori (specifically Te Rarawa of Te Aupouri and Ngati Kuri of Te Paki), did not recognise the name
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘kanuka’">'kanuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
for any species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from that region were universally known there as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘manuka’">'manuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum scoparium" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Leptospermum scoparium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(usually known outside this area now as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘manuka’">'manuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
) is known there as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘kahikatoa’">'kahikatoa'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(G. Neho pers. comm.). While Ngati Kuri usually refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘manuka’">'manuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
it is also known there by the name
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘rawiri’">'rawiri'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(W. Murray pers. comm.). Rawiri was also a Nga Puhi name recorded on specimens of this species collected by the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cunningham’s">Cunningham's</normalizedToken>
|
||
from either the Bay of Islands or the Hokianga (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cunningham, A" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Natural History" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="10.1080/03745483909443207" refId="B32" refString="Cunningham, A, 1839. Flora insularum Novae Zelandiae Precursor. Annals of Natural History 3, 111 pp., DOI: 10.1080/03745483909443207" title="Flora insularum Novae Zelandiae Precursor." url="10.1080/03745483909443207" volume="3" year="1839">Cunningham 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; p. 111).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is appropriately listed as 'At Risk/
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Declining’">Declining'</normalizedToken>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Department of Conservation, Wellington" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" publicationUrl="www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classfication-system-lists-2012-14/" refId="B47" refString="de Lange, PJ, Rolfe, JR, Champion, PD, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Norton, DA, Hitchmough, DA, 2013b. Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular, 2012. Department of Conservation, Wellington, www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classfication-system-lists-2012-14/" title="Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular, 2012" url="www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classfication-system-lists-2012-14/" year="2013 b">de Lange et al. (2013b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |