1031 lines
125 KiB
XML
1031 lines
125 KiB
XML
<document id="483025E3AAAE88BB6CA92E29606D9C78" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.012" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10484355" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1704940435049" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kang, Kyo Bin, Kang, Shin-Jae, Kim, Mi Song, Lee, Dong Young, Han, Sang Il, Kim, Tae Bum, Park, Jee Young, Kim, Jinwoong, Yang, Tae-Jin & Sung, Sang Hyun" docDate="2018" docId="2B1887CCFFAA1F03FF99814CFBFEFDF0" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.155.126-135.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry 155" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.012" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007.6:Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Lonicera" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="D721FFB4FFAB1F06FFFD8403FFEDFF96" masterDocTitle="Chemical and genomic diversity of six Lonicera species occurring in Korea" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="126" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1705334848216" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:title id="0FCEF3A2506A75FA6EB2198F8FF80720">Chemical and genomic diversity of six Lonicera species occurring in Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE7987D696F1492DC1337D7D4DA7C387">Kang, Kyo Bin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB23861EE8790118F311851E4729A6CD">College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea & Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2CBAA5CFFE91F2771DA2719BCB40223C">Kang, Shin-Jae</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="95CCCF05EC30227BB34E5197F7AA3D1C">Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="24A34FFA02312356928A31C5734BFF18">Kim, Mi Song</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4D5902F36F424728A6C9CAD66F92B067">College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="31E4578E8C65CDF644BB6FA95F7F7B8A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="36472DB370F86221BD7BFAE3968669D6">Lee, Dong Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="78E0F9FACA2F7E9D086F82365964F482">Han, Sang Il</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E3AF2169542E650F923B6A9E3E8A45D7">Medicinal Plant Garden, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Koyang, 12045, Republic of Korea & College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea & Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B903BEB1168C9BF7E571E559CDE4BFAC">Kim, Tae Bum</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D17BC0CEC90871D68377B65DC1B01A9">Park, Jee Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BFAAB3027F884F5B5E63E638B5E44A77">Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="6A5D03E6874444859029CA5F5FE9D32E">Kim, Jinwoong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4FD5B26837461C6FD50D8C5138FB1D09">Yang, Tae-Jin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55162F4A498085580A6F047424E1998C">Sung, Sang Hyun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C524F355D8773B47E43C006A0BF63C2D">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DB3FCAEE9FBEF5AEF5FAE8B976FB6D38">
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<mods:date id="48C064497866E787C9DB7DAB9460ADBC">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="19D6ACC6F164CC8430E09D1F2D73CC6D">2018-08-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="64D0A203DEF9629049EEEF4F1BC0965C">155</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="95A969B0DF582315FE396DCEBAAD4CF0">126</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="0E969B751E763982873A476A50FA6051">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.012</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2E903F6EAF5B53351F87F0123B59F79D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D5486931740F82BA515BBCAD87A6845D" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.012</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C5F9EE7BCC6FFB28DB90611DF65358EC" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2B1887CCFFAA1F03FF99814CFBFEFDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B1887CCFFAA1F03FF99814CFBFEFDF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B1887CCFFAA1F03FF99814CFBFEFDF0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
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<subSubSection id="EBAB6551FFAA1F07FF99814CFD7FFAF4" box="[100,658,1359,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFAA1F07FF99814CFD7FFAF4" blockId="1.[100,658,1359,1378]" box="[100,658,1359,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
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<heading id="F84681B6FFAA1F07FF99814CFD7FFAF4" bold="true" box="[100,658,1359,1378]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FF99814CFD7FFAF4" bold="true" box="[100,658,1359,1378]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
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2.1. Genomic diversity and phylogeny among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FDFE814CFDA2FAF4" ID-CoL="5GFJ" authority="L." box="[515,591,1359,1378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lonicera</taxonomicName>
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species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EBAB6551FFAA1F03FF788184FBFEFDF0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFAA1F07FF788184FF2EF8CE" blockId="1.[100,771,1415,1880]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
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The complete chloroplast genome sequences of six
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<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FD908184FCEFFA0C" box="[621,770,1415,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FD908184FD54FA0C" bold="true" box="[621,697,1415,1434]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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||
were obtained by assembly of approximately 1 Gbp of whole genome sequences for each species. The completely assembled sequences were ranged from 154,892 to 155,318 bp (GenBank nos. MH028738, Lj; MH028739, Li; MH028740, Lp; MH028741, Lm; MH028742, Ls; MH028743, Lv) (
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||
<tableCitation id="EE330361FFAA1F07FEF68211FEB9F9B3" box="[267,340,1554,1573]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[100,150,161,178]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Statistics of WGS and assembly summary for six Lonicera species." pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
). Diverse polymorphism among these plants was revealed by the comparative analysis. We identified 17–2261 SNPs and 5–278 InDels between species. The lowest numbers of SNPs and InDels (17 and 5) were identified between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FDF68265FD82F9EF" box="[523,623,1638,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FDF68265FD82F9EF" bold="true" box="[523,623,1638,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. insularis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FD5E8265FF74F903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FD5E8265FF74F903" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
a; meanwhile, the highest numbers of SNPs (2,261) were identified between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FF14829DFEBDF927" box="[233,336,1694,1713]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FF14829DFEBDF927" bold="true" box="[233,336,1694,1713]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FE7B829DFE06F927" box="[390,491,1694,1713]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FE7B829DFE06F927" bold="true" box="[390,491,1694,1713]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the highest numbers of InDels (278) were identified between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FE0D82BAFDB4F95A" box="[496,601,1721,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FE0D82BAFDB4F95A" bold="true" box="[496,601,1721,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FD6582BAFCECF95A" box="[664,769,1721,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FD6582BAFCECF95A" bold="true" box="[664,769,1721,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="EE330361FFAA1F07FF9182D6FF58F97E" box="[108,181,1749,1768]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="2.[100,150,668,685]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 2 Summary of SNPs and InDels found in chloroplast genomes among the six Lonicera species." pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Table 2</tableCitation>
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||
). The phylogenetic tree revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FDD082D6FD7FF97E" box="[557,658,1749,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FDD082D6FD7FF97E" bold="true" box="[557,658,1749,1768]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most diverse and grouped into an independent group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFAA1F07FDE682F2FDA2F892" box="[539,591,1777,1796]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,1562,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-861@2.[225,1362,1560,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Phylogenetic analysis of six Lonicera species based on complete chloroplast genome. The tree was generated by multiple alignment using MAFFT and a neighbor-joining (Chen et al., 2017) analysis using MEGA 6.0. The numbers in the nodes indicate bootstrap support values." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484357/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FD9E82F2FD2EF892" box="[611,707,1777,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FD9E82F2FD2EF892" bold="true" box="[611,707,1777,1796]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FD0C82F2FF3AF8B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FD0C82F2FF3AF8B6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were the closest, and they belonged to the same subgroup as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FF83832AFF36F8AA" box="[126,219,1833,1852]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maackii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FF83832AFF36F8AA" bold="true" box="[126,219,1833,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. maackii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FF15832AFE8CF8AA" box="[232,353,1833,1852]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FF15832AFE8CF8AA" bold="true" box="[232,353,1833,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FE6C832AFE1BF8AA" box="[401,502,1833,1852]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FE6C832AFE1BF8AA" bold="true" box="[401,502,1833,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were classified into another subgroup.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFAA1F07FF99837EFD34F806" blockId="1.[100,729,1917,1936]" box="[100,729,1917,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FF99837EFD34F806" bold="true" box="[100,729,1917,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
2.2. Development of DNA marker to authenticate the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FDB7837EFD7BF806" box="[586,662,1917,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFAA1F07FF7883B6FC13FDE7" blockId="1.[133,770,1973,1992]" lastBlockId="1.[818,1487,159,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
We developed a DNA marker, named as Lo_i_04, to validate the chloroplast genome sequence assembly and to serve a further application in the authentication of each species. PCR primers were developed for identifying the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FC1F84D4FB9BFF7C" box="[994,1142,215,234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC1F84D4FBC3FF7C" bold="true" box="[994,1070,215,234]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the copy number variation (CNV) of the tandem repeat units in the chloroplast genomes. The CNVbased InDel variation was estimated, and the PCR result coincided with the sequence-based estimation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFAA1F07FB978528FB4EFEA8" box="[1130,1187,299,318]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,472,489]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,153,449]" captionTargetId="figure-501@3.[187,1400,152,450]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. An InDel marker (Lo_i_04) for authentication of six Lonicera species based on copy number variation (CNV) in the intragenic region. The InDel marker was developed based on chloroplast genome sequences of six Lonicera species and successfully validated by PCR. The PCR primer pairs were 5′-AAACAAACGCGCTAC CAAGC-3′ and 5′-CCCGAGCATTCCCGAAAAAG-3′. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; Lm, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484359/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Using this DNA marker, the genomic diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FC0A8544FBB5FECC" box="[1015,1112,327,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC0A8544FBB5FECC" bold="true" box="[1015,1112,327,346]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FB998544FB03FECC" box="[1124,1262,327,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FB998544FB03FECC" bold="true" box="[1124,1262,327,346]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FADF8544FA92FECC" box="[1314,1407,327,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maackii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FADF8544FA92FECC" bold="true" box="[1314,1407,327,346]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. maackii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to other related species could be authenticated. These three species cannot be distinguished by this DNA marker alone; however, as mentioned above, many more SNPs and InDels between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FB638599FAD9FE3B" box="[1182,1332,410,429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FB638599FB07FE3B" bold="true" box="[1182,1258,410,429]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were characterized (
|
||
<tableCitation id="EE330361FFAA1F07FC9685B5FC5AFE5F" box="[875,951,438,457]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="2.[100,150,668,685]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 2 Summary of SNPs and InDels found in chloroplast genomes among the six Lonicera species." pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Thus, we expect that we could develop more DNA markers for establishing a practical authentication system for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FA7E85D1FC96FD97" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FA7E85D1FA22FE73" bold="true" box="[1411,1487,466,485]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Because of the increasing demands for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FB0B85EDFAB4FD97" box="[1270,1369,494,513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FB0B85EDFAB4FD97" bold="true" box="[1270,1369,494,513]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the medicinal herb market, quality control has been an important issue for this species. Thus, an authentic DNA marker for identifying these species can be utilized to prevent adulteration or misuses of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FA7E8641FC99FDE7" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FA7E8641FA22FDC3" bold="true" box="[1411,1487,578,597]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FC68865DFC15FDE7" box="[917,1016,606,625]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC68865DFC15FDE7" bold="true" box="[917,1016,606,625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFAA1F07FCCF8695FB42FD3F" blockId="1.[818,1199,661,681]" box="[818,1199,661,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FCCF8695FB42FD3F" bold="true" box="[818,1199,661,681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">2.3. Tentative identification of metabolites</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFAA1F07FCAE86CEFA66FBF1" blockId="1.[818,1487,717,1127]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
The UHPLC–Q/TOF–MS analysis of the aerial parts and root extracts of six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FC9686EAFBEDFD6A" box="[875,1024,745,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC9686EAFC5AFD6A" bold="true" box="[875,951,745,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibited base peak ion (BPI) chromatograms as shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFAA1F07FC6C8706FC24FC8E" box="[913,969,773,792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,1242,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-586@3.[225,1362,1239,1918]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. LC–MS base peak ion (BPI) chromatograms of the root and aerial part extracts of six Lonicera species. Some major chromatographic peaks are marked with their peak numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484361/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
. The MS
|
||
<superScript id="54C49B92FFAA1F07FBDD8703FBC4FC9B" attach="left" box="[1056,1065,768,781]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">E</superScript>
|
||
method (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAA1F07FB748706FAD0FC8E" author="Plumb, R. S. & Johnson, K. A. & Rainville, P. & Smith, B. W. & Wilson, I. D. & Castro-Perez, J. M. & Nicholson, J. K." box="[1161,1341,773,792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" pagination="1989 - 1994" refId="ref10330" refString="Plumb, R. S., Johnson, K. A., Rainville, P., Smith, B. W., Wilson, I. D., Castro-Perez, J. M., Nicholson, J. K., 2006. UPLC / MS E; a new approach for generating molecular fragment information for biomarker structure elucidation. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20, 1989 - 1994." type="journal article" year="2006">Plumb et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) allowed us to acquire high-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS data for tentative identification of the major chromatographic peaks. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, iridoids, and their glycosides have been closely investigated for their MS/MS fragmentation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAA1F07FB208776FA63FC1E" author="Es-Safi, N. E. & Kerhoas, L. & Ducrot, P. H." box="[1245,1422,884,904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" pagination="1165 - 1175" refId="ref9037" refString="Es-Safi, N. E., Kerhoas, L., Ducrot, P. H., 2007. Fragmentation study of iridoid glucosides through positive and negative electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation and tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 21, 1165 - 1175." type="journal article" year="2007">Es-Safi et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAA1F07FA678776FC49FC35" author="Fabre, N. & Rustan, I. & de Hoffmann, E. & Quetin-Leclercq, J." pageId="1" pageNumber="127" pagination="707 - 715" refId="ref9089" refString="Fabre, N., Rustan, I., de Hoffmann, E., Quetin-Leclercq, J., 2001. Determination of flavone, flavonol, and flavanone aglycones by negative ion liquid chromatography electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 12, 707 - 715." type="journal article" year="2001">Fabre et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAA1F07FC4E8793FB98FC35" author="Jaiswal, R. & Muller, H. & Muller, A. & Karar, M. G. & Kuhnert, N." box="[947,1141,912,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" pagination="252 - 263" refId="ref9446" refString="Jaiswal, R., Muller, H., Muller, A., Karar, M. G., Kuhnert, N., 2014. Identification and characterization of chlorogenic acids, chlorogenic acid glycosides and flavonoids from Lonicera henryi L. (Caprifoliaceae) leaves by LC-MS n. Phytochemistry 108, 252 - 263." type="journal article" year="2014">Jaiswal et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAA1F07FB788793FAD0FC35" author="March, R. E. & Lewars, E. G. & Stadey, C. J. & Miao, X. S. & Zhao, X. M. & Metcalfe, C. D." box="[1157,1341,912,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" pagination="61 - 85" refId="ref10147" refString="March, R. E., Lewars, E. G., Stadey, C. J., Miao, X. S., Zhao, X. M., Metcalfe, C. D., 2006. A comparison of flavonoid glycosides by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 248, 61 - 85." type="journal article" year="2006">March et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); hence, many peaks could be tentatively identified based on their high-energy CID MS spectra as shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="EE330361FFAA1F07FC0387CBFBAAFC4D" box="[1022,1095,968,987]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="4.[100,150,161,178]" captionTargetBox="[116,1471,226,1907]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 3 Characterization of metabolites in Lonicera plant extracts by LC–MS." pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. In our previous study, 13 iridoids and secoiridoids were isolated and identified from the roots of the Korean endemic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FC2A8003FAE9FB85" authority="(Kang et al., 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Kang" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[983,1284,1024,1043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC2A8003FBD1FB85" bold="true" box="[983,1084,1024,1043]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAA1F07FBB38003FB16FB85" author="Kang, K. B. & Lee, D. Y. & Kim, M. S. & Kim, T. B. & Yang, T. J. & Sung, S. H." box="[1102,1275,1024,1043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" pagination="788 - 794" refId="ref9507" refString="Kang, K. B., Lee, D. Y., Kim, M. S., Kim, T. B., Yang, T. J., Sung, S. H., 2018. Argininosecologanin, a secoiridoid-derived guanidine alkaloid from the roots of Lonicera insularis. Nat. Prod. Res. 32, 788 - 794." type="journal article" year="2018">Kang et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; thus, these isolated compounds were also injected to confirm the identification of peaks
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FA40801FFA24FBB9" bold="true" box="[1469,1481,1052,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FCCF803BFCD3FBDD" bold="true" box="[818,830,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">5</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FCB0803BFCB4FBDD" bold="true" box="[845,857,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">8</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC9A803BFC9EFBDD" bold="true" box="[871,883,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">9</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC7F803BFC76FBDD" bold="true" box="[898,923,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">14</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC57803BFC2EFBDD" bold="true" box="[938,963,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">15</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC2C803BFC07FBDD" bold="true" box="[977,1002,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">20</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC05803BFBFCFBDD" bold="true" box="[1016,1041,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">33</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FBDD803BFBD4FBDD" bold="true" box="[1056,1081,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">37</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FB8F803BFB66FBDD" bold="true" box="[1138,1163,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">48</emphasis>
|
||
. Details on the tentative identification are described in the Supplementary Data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFAA1F07FAFB8057FA8BFBF1" box="[1286,1382,1108,1127]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,1562,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-861@2.[225,1362,1560,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Phylogenetic analysis of six Lonicera species based on complete chloroplast genome. The tree was generated by multiple alignment using MAFFT and a neighbor-joining (Chen et al., 2017) analysis using MEGA 6.0. The numbers in the nodes indicate bootstrap support values." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484357/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Figs. S1–S</figureCitation>
|
||
23).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFAA1F07FCCF808FFAF4FB09" blockId="1.[818,1305,1164,1183]" box="[818,1305,1164,1183]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FCCF808FFAF4FB09" bold="true" box="[818,1305,1164,1183]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
2.4. Chemotaxonomy among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FBC3808FFB67FB09" box="[1086,1162,1164,1183]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</taxonomicName>
|
||
species samples
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFAA1F04FCAE80C0FD28FB6E" blockId="1.[818,1488,1219,1992]" lastBlockId="2.[100,770,1114,1523]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
1471 MS ion markers were extracted from the LC–MS dataset, and a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed with them to analyze the chemodiversity among samples. A PCA model with three principle components (PC) was established in which PC1, PC2, and PC3 accounted for 20.3%, 17.4%, and 13.4% of the total variance, respectively (Supplementary Data, Fig. S24a). The PC1-PC2 score plot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFAA1F07FCC78168FC94FAE8" box="[826,889,1387,1406]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1889,1906]" captionTargetBox="[127,1467,1110,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-575@5.[119,1468,1106,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. PC1-PC2 (a) score plot and (b) loading plot, and the PC1-PC3 (c) score plot and (d) loading plot of the PCA model established with the LC–MS ion marker dataset. In the score plots, green triangles and brown inverted triangles correspond to aerial parts and roots, respectively. In the loading plots, some important markers are labelled with xxx/yy, in which xxx means m/z values and yy means retention time. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; m, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484363/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
) showed that every sample was distributed in the Hotelling's T
|
||
<superScript id="54C49B92FFAA1F07FA3B8165FA22FAE5" attach="left" box="[1478,1487,1382,1395]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">2</superScript>
|
||
95% confidence ellipse, which means the analysis did not contain any outlier. The aerial parts and roots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FB5381A0FAC1FA20" box="[1198,1324,1442,1462]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FB5381A0FAC1FA20" bold="true" box="[1198,1324,1442,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were separately grouped from the other species, with positive PC1 and negative PC2 values. The PC1-PC2 loading plot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFAA1F07FB8A81D9FB54FA7B" box="[1143,1209,1498,1517]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1889,1906]" captionTargetBox="[127,1467,1110,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-575@5.[119,1468,1106,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. PC1-PC2 (a) score plot and (b) loading plot, and the PC1-PC3 (c) score plot and (d) loading plot of the PCA model established with the LC–MS ion marker dataset. In the score plots, green triangles and brown inverted triangles correspond to aerial parts and roots, respectively. In the loading plots, some important markers are labelled with xxx/yy, in which xxx means m/z values and yy means retention time. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; m, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484363/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
) revealed that this separation was caused by the relatively high content of loganic acid (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FA7F81F5FA63F99F" bold="true" box="[1410,1422,1526,1545]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">1</emphasis>
|
||
) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FA4381F5FC79F9B3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FA4381F5FC79F9B3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This could also be ascertained in the BPI chromatograms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFAA1F07FCC7822DFC9EF9D7" box="[826,883,1582,1601]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,1242,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-586@3.[225,1362,1239,1918]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. LC–MS base peak ion (BPI) chromatograms of the root and aerial part extracts of six Lonicera species. Some major chromatographic peaks are marked with their peak numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484361/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the MarkerLynx ion marker table in which the ion intensities of loganic acid in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FBA28249FB36F9CB" box="[1119,1243,1610,1629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FBA28249FB36F9CB" bold="true" box="[1119,1243,1610,1629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples were more than five times higher than those of the other species. Iridoid glycosides are well-known as plant derived defense metabolites against herbivores or pathogen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAA1F07FC6A829DFBA5F927" author="Dobler, S. & Petschenka, G. & Pankoke, H." box="[919,1096,1694,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" pagination="1593 - 1604" refId="ref8998" refString="Dobler, S., Petschenka, G., Pankoke, H., 2011. Coping with toxic plant compounds - the insect's perspective on iridoid glycosides and cardenolides. Phytochemistry 72, 1593 - 1604." type="journal article" year="2011">Dobler et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Whitehead and Bowers revealed that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FCCF82BAFC93F95A" box="[818,894,1721,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FCCF82BAFC93F95A" bold="true" box="[818,894,1721,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants, iridoid glycosides show significantly higher concentrations in fruits than in leaves, which was suggested to defend fruits against antagonistic seed predators and fruit pathogens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAA1F07FABF82F2FC5EF8B6" author="Whitehead, S. R. & Bowers, M. D." pageId="1" pageNumber="127" pagination="57 - 63" refId="ref11107" refString="Whitehead, S. R., Bowers, M. D., 2013. Iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides in a hybrid complex of bush honeysuckles (Lonicera spp., Caprifolicaceae): implications for evolutionary ecology and invasion biology. Phytochemistry 86, 57 - 63." type="journal article" year="2013">Whitehead and Bowers, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FC34830EFBA9F8B6" box="[969,1092,1805,1824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC34830EFBA9F8B6" bold="true" box="[969,1092,1805,1824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear fruits between May and June while most of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FC3F832AFBB6F8AA" box="[962,1115,1833,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FC3F832AFBE3F8AA" bold="true" box="[962,1038,1833,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear fruits between July and August (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FCC78346FC48F8CE" box="[826,933,1861,1880]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FCBE8346FC48F8CE" bold="true" box="[835,933,1861,1880]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” means flowering early). Plant samples used in this study were harvested in early July, so it could be suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FAAB8362FA22F8E2" box="[1366,1487,1889,1908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FAAB8362FA22F8E2" bold="true" box="[1366,1487,1889,1908]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
biosynthesized significantly higher amount of iridoid glycosides, especially loganic acid, to defend fruits. In the PC1-PC3 score plot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFAA1F07FA7F839AFA2EF83A" box="[1410,1475,1945,1964]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1889,1906]" captionTargetBox="[127,1467,1110,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-575@5.[119,1468,1106,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. PC1-PC2 (a) score plot and (b) loading plot, and the PC1-PC3 (c) score plot and (d) loading plot of the PCA model established with the LC–MS ion marker dataset. In the score plots, green triangles and brown inverted triangles correspond to aerial parts and roots, respectively. In the loading plots, some important markers are labelled with xxx/yy, in which xxx means m/z values and yy means retention time. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; m, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484363/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
), the roots and aerial parts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAA1F07FBBF83B6FB4AF85E" box="[1090,1191,1973,1992]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="1" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAA1F07FBBF83B6FB4AF85E" bold="true" box="[1090,1191,1973,1992]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="127">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were separated from the other species by their PC3 values.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FE938059FE3CFBFB" box="[366,465,1114,1133]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FE938059FE3CFBFB" bold="true" box="[366,465,1114,1133]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed relatively high contents of dicaffeoylquinic acids (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FEA08075FE9BFB1F" bold="true" box="[349,374,1142,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">27</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FE558075FE2CFB1F" bold="true" box="[424,449,1142,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">31</emphasis>
|
||
) and grandifloroside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FD678075FD5EFB1F" bold="true" box="[666,691,1142,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">34</emphasis>
|
||
), which was suggested by the PC1-PC3 loading plot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFA91F04FDE28091FD8BFB33" box="[543,614,1170,1189]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1889,1906]" captionTargetBox="[127,1467,1110,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-575@5.[119,1468,1106,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. PC1-PC2 (a) score plot and (b) loading plot, and the PC1-PC3 (c) score plot and (d) loading plot of the PCA model established with the LC–MS ion marker dataset. In the score plots, green triangles and brown inverted triangles correspond to aerial parts and roots, respectively. In the loading plots, some important markers are labelled with xxx/yy, in which xxx means m/z values and yy means retention time. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; m, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484363/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The BPI chromatogram of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FEF280AEFE9BFB56" box="[271,374,1197,1216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FEF280AEFE9BFB56" bold="true" box="[271,374,1197,1216]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
roots supported this, showing especially high intensity of peak
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FEC280CAFEB5FB4A" bold="true" box="[319,344,1225,1244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">34</emphasis>
|
||
. For the other samples, the roots and aerial parts tended to be separated in the scatter plots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFA91F04FDC780E6FD55FB6E" box="[570,696,1253,1272]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1889,1906]" captionTargetBox="[127,1467,1110,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-575@5.[119,1468,1106,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. PC1-PC2 (a) score plot and (b) loading plot, and the PC1-PC3 (c) score plot and (d) loading plot of the PCA model established with the LC–MS ion marker dataset. In the score plots, green triangles and brown inverted triangles correspond to aerial parts and roots, respectively. In the loading plots, some important markers are labelled with xxx/yy, in which xxx means m/z values and yy means retention time. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; m, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484363/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Fig. 4a and c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F7CE6652FFA91F04FF9984A2FD7EFF5D" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" startId="2.[100,150,161,178]" targetBox="[116,1471,226,605]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA91F04FF9984A2FD7EFF5D" blockId="2.[100,659,161,203]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF9984A2FF45FF24" bold="true" box="[100,168,161,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Table 1</emphasis>
|
||
Statistics of WGS and assembly summary for six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FDFB84B9FD7EFF5D" box="[518,659,186,203]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FDFB84B9FDA7FF5D" bold="true" box="[518,586,186,203]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA91F04FF8984E0FA4BFDCB" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<table id="D1B1C47AFFA9E0F9FF8984E1FA52FDCB" box="[116,1471,226,605]" gridcols="7" gridrows="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF8984E1FA52FF67" box="[116,1471,226,241]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF8984E1FEFAFF67" box="[116,279,226,241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Feature</th>
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE9284E1FE30FF67" box="[367,477,226,241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FE9284E1FE50FF67" box="[367,445,226,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FE9284E1FE50FF67" bold="true" box="[367,445,226,241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB84E1FD48FF67" box="[566,677,226,241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FDCB84E1FD48FF67" box="[566,677,226,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FDCB84E1FD48FF67" bold="true" box="[566,677,226,241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD0084E1FC86FF67" box="[765,875,226,241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FD0084E1FC8DFF66" box="[765,864,226,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FD0084E1FC8DFF66" bold="true" box="[765,864,226,241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC3984E1FBDFFF67" box="[964,1074,226,241]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FC3984E1FBE2FF67" box="[964,1039,226,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maackii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FC3984E1FBE2FF67" bold="true" box="[964,1039,226,241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. maackii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB7684E1FB14FF67" box="[1163,1273,226,241]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FB7684E1FB31FF67" box="[1163,1244,226,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB7684E1FB31FF67" bold="true" box="[1163,1244,226,241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC84E1FA52FF67" box="[1361,1471,226,241]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FAAC84E1FA4DFF67" authority="Sequencing" authorityName="Sequencing" box="[1361,1440,226,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FAAC84E1FA4DFF67" bold="true" box="[1361,1440,226,241]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF89850DFA52FE8B" box="[116,1471,270,285]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF89850DFA52FE8B" box="[116,1471,270,285]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF89850DFED5FE8B" bold="true" box="[116,312,270,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Sequencing information</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898526FA52FEA2" box="[116,1471,293,308]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF898526FEFAFEA2" box="[116,279,293,308]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">No. of raw read</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE928526FE30FEA2" box="[367,477,293,308]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">4,941,334</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB8526FD48FEA2" box="[566,677,293,308]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">4,764,738</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD008526FC86FEA2" box="[765,875,293,308]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">4,342,742</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC398526FBDFFEA2" box="[964,1074,293,308]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">4,920,926</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB768526FB14FEA2" box="[1163,1273,293,308]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">5,596,064</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC8526FA52FEA2" box="[1361,1471,293,308]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">6,308,194</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898538FA52FEDC" box="[116,1471,315,330]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF898538FEFAFEDC" box="[116,279,315,330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">No. of trimmed read</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE928538FE30FEDC" box="[367,477,315,330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">4,662,540</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB8538FD48FEDC" box="[566,677,315,330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">4,339,126</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD008538FC86FEDC" box="[765,875,315,330]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">4,024,338</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC398538FBDFFEDC" box="[964,1074,315,330]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">4,640,648</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB768538FB14FEDC" box="[1163,1273,315,330]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">4,712,150</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC8538FA52FEDC" box="[1361,1471,315,330]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">5,029,201</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898551FA52FEF7" box="[116,1471,338,353]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF898551FEFAFEF7" box="[116,279,338,353]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">No. of trimmed bases</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE928551FE30FEF7" box="[367,477,338,353]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1,211,552,506</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB8551FD48FEF7" box="[566,677,338,353]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1,098,408,065</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD008551FC86FEF7" box="[765,875,338,353]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1,040,146,882</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC398551FBDFFEF7" box="[964,1074,338,353]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1,188,483,775</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB768551FB14FEF7" box="[1163,1273,338,353]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1,164,886,321</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC8551FA52FEF7" box="[1361,1471,338,353]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1,178,414,508</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF89856AFA52FEEE" box="[116,1471,361,376]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF89856AFA52FEEE" box="[116,1471,361,376]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF89856AFEFBFEEE" bold="true" box="[116,278,361,376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Chloroplast genome</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898583FA52FE19" box="[116,1471,384,399]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF898583FEFAFE19" box="[116,279,384,399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Average read depth</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE928583FE30FE19" box="[367,477,384,399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">634.83</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB8583FD48FE19" box="[566,677,384,399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">214.83</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD008583FC86FE19" box="[765,875,384,399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">165.39</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC398583FBDFFE19" box="[964,1074,384,399]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">784.00</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB768583FB14FE19" box="[1163,1273,384,399]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">134.00</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC8583FA52FE19" box="[1361,1471,384,399]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">668.84</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898594FA52FE30" box="[116,1471,407,422]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF898594FEFAFE30" box="[116,279,407,422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Genome size (bp)</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE928594FE30FE30" box="[367,477,407,422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">155,124</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB8594FD48FE30" box="[566,677,407,422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">155,123</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD008594FC86FE30" box="[765,875,407,422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">154,892</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC398594FBDFFE30" box="[964,1074,407,422]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">155,318</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB768594FB14FE30" box="[1163,1273,407,422]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">155,182</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC8594FA52FE30" box="[1361,1471,407,422]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">155,060</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF8985ADFA52FE2B" box="[116,1471,430,445]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF8985ADFEFAFE2B" box="[116,279,430,445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Large single copy</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE9285ADFE30FE2B" box="[367,477,430,445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">88,230</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB85ADFD48FE2B" box="[566,677,430,445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">88,229</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD0085ADFC86FE2B" box="[765,875,430,445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">88,353</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC3985ADFBDFFE2B" box="[964,1074,430,445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">89,202</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB7685ADFB14FE2B" box="[1163,1273,430,445]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">89,096</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC85ADFA52FE2B" box="[1361,1471,430,445]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">88,853</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF8985C6FA52FE42" box="[116,1471,453,468]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF8985C6FEFAFE42" box="[116,279,453,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Small single copy</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE9285C6FE30FE42" box="[367,477,453,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">18,774</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB85C6FD48FE42" box="[566,677,453,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">18,774</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD0085C6FC86FE42" box="[765,875,453,468]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">18,929</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC3985C6FBDFFE42" box="[964,1074,453,468]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">18,680</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB7685C6FB14FE42" box="[1163,1273,453,468]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">18,612</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC85C6FA52FE42" box="[1361,1471,453,468]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">18,653</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF8985D8FA52FE7C" box="[116,1471,475,490]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF8985D8FEFAFE7C" box="[116,279,475,490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Inverted repeat</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE9285D8FE30FE7C" box="[367,477,475,490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">24,060</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB85D8FD48FE7C" box="[566,677,475,490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">24,060</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD0085D8FC86FE7C" box="[765,875,475,490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">23,805</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC3985D8FBDFFE7C" box="[964,1074,475,490]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">23,718</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB7685D8FB14FE7C" box="[1163,1273,475,490]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">23,737</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC85D8FA52FE7C" box="[1361,1471,475,490]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">23,777</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF8985F1FA52FD97" box="[116,1471,498,513]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF8985F1FEFAFD97" box="[116,279,498,513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Number of genes</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE9285F1FE30FD97" box="[367,477,498,513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">114</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB85F1FD48FD97" box="[566,677,498,513]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">114</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD0085F1FC86FD97" box="[765,875,498,513]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">114</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC3985F1FBDFFD97" box="[964,1074,498,513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">114</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB7685F1FB14FD97" box="[1163,1273,498,513]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">113</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC85F1FA52FD97" box="[1361,1471,498,513]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">109</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF89860AFA52FD8E" box="[116,1471,521,536]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF89860AFEFAFD8E" box="[116,279,521,536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Protein-coding genes</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE92860AFE30FD8E" box="[367,477,521,536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">80</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB860AFD48FD8E" box="[566,677,521,536]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">80</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD00860AFC86FD8E" box="[765,875,521,536]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">80</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC39860AFBDFFD8E" box="[964,1074,521,536]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">80</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB76860AFB14FD8E" box="[1163,1273,521,536]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">79</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC860AFA52FD8E" box="[1361,1471,521,536]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">77</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898623FA52FDB9" box="[116,1471,544,559]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF898623FEFAFDB9" box="[116,279,544,559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Structure RNAs</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE928623FE30FDB9" box="[367,477,544,559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">34</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB8623FD48FDB9" box="[566,677,544,559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">34</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD008623FC86FDB9" box="[765,875,544,559]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">34</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC398623FBDFFDB9" box="[964,1074,544,559]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">34</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB768623FB14FDB9" box="[1163,1273,544,559]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">34</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC8623FA52FDB9" box="[1361,1471,544,559]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">32</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898634FA52FDD0" box="[116,1471,567,582]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF898634FEFAFDD0" box="[116,279,567,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">GC contents (%)</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE928634FE30FDD0" box="[367,477,567,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">38.35</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB8634FD48FDD0" box="[566,677,567,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">38.34</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD008634FC86FDD0" box="[765,875,567,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">38.31</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC398634FBDFFDD0" box="[964,1074,567,582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">38.47</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB768634FB14FDD0" box="[1163,1273,567,582]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">38.39</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC8634FA52FDD0" box="[1361,1471,567,582]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">38.59</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF89864DFA52FDCB" box="[116,1471,590,605]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF89864DFEFAFDCB" box="[116,279,590,605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">GenBank acc. no.</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE92864DFE30FDCB" box="[367,477,590,605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">MH028739</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDCB864DFD48FDCB" box="[566,677,590,605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">MH028742</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD00864DFC86FDCB" box="[765,875,590,605]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">MH028740</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FC39864DFBDFFDCB" box="[964,1074,590,605]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">MH028741</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FB76864DFB14FDCB" box="[1163,1273,590,605]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">MH028743</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FAAC864DFA52FDCB" box="[1361,1471,590,605]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">MH028738</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F7CE6652FFA91F04FF99869FFF1CFD76" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" startId="2.[100,150,668,685]" targetBox="[116,754,759,977]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA91F04FF99869FFF1CFD76" blockId="2.[100,770,668,736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF99869FFF45FD3B" bold="true" box="[100,168,668,685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Table 2</emphasis>
|
||
Summary of SNPs and InDels found in chloroplast genomes among the six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FF9986CCFF45FD76" box="[100,168,719,736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF9986CCFF45FD76" bold="true" box="[100,168,719,736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA91F04FF8986F4FD30FC47" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<table id="D1B1C47AFFA9E0F9FF8986F4FD1FFC47" box="[116,754,759,977]" gridcols="8" gridrows="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF8986F4FD1FFC90" box="[116,754,759,774]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF8986F4FF46FC90" box="[116,171,759,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FEE986F4FED7FC90" box="[276,314,759,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Indel</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898727FD1FFCA5" box="[116,754,804,819]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FEE98727FED7FCA5" box="[276,314,804,819]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Li</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE938727FE79FCA5" box="[366,404,804,819]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Ls</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE358727FE03FCA5" box="[456,494,804,819]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lp</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDDF8727FDA5FCA5" box="[546,584,804,819]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lm</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD868727FD4CFCA5" box="[635,673,804,819]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lv</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD288727FD1FFCA5" box="[725,754,804,819]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lj</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898753FD1FFCC9" box="[116,754,848,863]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<th id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF898753FF46FCC9" box="[116,171,848,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF898753FF79FCC9" bold="true" box="[116,148,848,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">SNP</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF358753FF0CFCC9" box="[200,225,848,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF358753FF3AFCC9" bold="true" box="[200,215,848,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Li</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FEE98753FED7FCC9" box="[276,314,848,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">/</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE938753FE79FCC9" box="[366,404,848,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">5</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE358753FE03FCC9" box="[456,494,848,863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">246</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDDF8753FDA5FCC9" box="[546,584,848,863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">153</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD868753FD4CFCC9" box="[635,673,848,863]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">247</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD288753FD1FFCC9" box="[725,754,848,863]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">278</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898764FD1FFCE0" box="[116,754,871,886]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF358764FF0CFCE0" box="[200,225,871,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF358764FF34FCE0" bold="true" box="[200,217,871,886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Ls</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FEE98764FED7FCE0" box="[276,314,871,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">17</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE938764FE79FCE0" box="[366,404,871,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">/</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE358764FE03FCE0" box="[456,494,871,886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">246</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDDF8764FDA5FCE0" box="[546,584,871,886]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">156</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD868764FD4CFCE0" box="[635,673,871,886]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">245</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD288764FD1FFCE0" box="[725,754,871,886]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">277</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF89877DFD1FFC1B" box="[116,754,894,909]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF35877DFF0CFC1B" box="[200,225,894,909]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF35877DFF31FC1B" bold="true" box="[200,220,894,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lp</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FEE9877DFED7FC1B" box="[276,314,894,909]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1450</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE93877DFE79FC1B" box="[366,404,894,909]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1439</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE35877DFE03FC1B" box="[456,494,894,909]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">/</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDDF877DFDA5FC1B" box="[546,584,894,909]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">227</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD86877DFD4CFC1B" box="[635,673,894,909]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">235</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD28877DFD1FFC1B" box="[725,754,894,909]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">271</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF898797FD1FFC35" box="[116,754,916,931]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF358797FF0CFC35" box="[200,225,916,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF358797FF0CFC35" bold="true" box="[200,225,916,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lm</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FEE98797FED7FC35" box="[276,314,916,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">754</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE938797FE79FC35" box="[366,404,916,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">743</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE358797FE03FC35" box="[456,494,916,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1426</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDDF8797FDA5FC35" box="[546,584,916,931]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">/</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD868797FD4CFC35" box="[635,673,916,931]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">223</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD288797FD1FFC35" box="[725,754,916,931]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">266</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF8987A8FD1FFC2C" box="[116,754,939,954]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF3587A8FF0CFC2C" box="[200,225,939,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF3587A8FF36FC2C" bold="true" box="[200,219,939,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lv</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FEE987A8FED7FC2C" box="[276,314,939,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1550</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE9387A8FE79FC2C" box="[366,404,939,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1539</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE3587A8FE03FC2C" box="[456,494,939,954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1446</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDDF87A8FDA5FC2C" box="[546,584,939,954]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1490</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD8687A8FD4CFC2C" box="[635,673,939,954]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">/</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD2887A8FD1FFC2C" box="[725,754,939,954]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">268</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D813498FFA9E0F9FF8987C1FD1FFC47" box="[116,754,962,977]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FF3587C1FF0CFC47" box="[200,225,962,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF3587C1FF3AFC47" bold="true" box="[200,215,962,977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lj</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FEE987C1FED7FC47" box="[276,314,962,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1964</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE9387C1FE79FC47" box="[366,404,962,977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1953</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FE3587C1FE03FC47" box="[456,494,962,977]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">2072</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FDDF87C1FDA5FC47" box="[546,584,962,977]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1958</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD8687C1FD4CFC47" box="[635,673,962,977]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">2261</td>
|
||
<td id="5E505DE4FFA9E0F9FD2887C1FD1FFC47" box="[725,754,962,977]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">/</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA91F04FF9987F3FD16FBA2" blockId="2.[100,771,1008,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<tableNote id="5E573754FFA91F04FF9987F3FD16FBA2" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" targetBox="[116,754,759,977]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
The upper triangle shows the number of indel, while the lower triangle indicates the total nucleotide substitutions Abbreviations: Li,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FD918009FD2AFB8D" box="[620,711,1034,1051]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FD918009FD2AFB8D" bold="true" box="[620,711,1034,1051]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ls,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FD0E8009FF26FBA2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FD0E8009FF26FBA2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lp,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FF058020FE8BFBA2" box="[248,358,1059,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF058020FE8BFBA2" bold="true" box="[248,358,1059,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lm,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FE658020FE00FBA2" box="[408,493,1059,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maackii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FE658020FE00FBA2" bold="true" box="[408,493,1059,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. maackii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lv,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FDE58020FD99FBA2" box="[536,628,1059,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FDE58020FD99FBA2" bold="true" box="[536,628,1059,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lj,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FD668020FD16FBA2" bold="true" box="[667,763,1059,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FD668020FD1BFBA2" box="[667,758,1059,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">L. japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA91F04FF788102FB60FB80" blockId="2.[100,770,1114,1523]" lastBlockId="2.[818,1488,664,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
For further investigation of the chemical diversity among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FF99811EFF5DFAA6" box="[100,176,1309,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF99811EFF5DFAA6" bold="true" box="[100,176,1309,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, additional PCAs were performed within the aerial parts and roots separately. In the PCA model within six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FD82813AFD26FADA" box="[639,715,1337,1356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FD82813AFD26FADA" bold="true" box="[639,715,1337,1356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
roots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFA91F04FF918156FF18FAFE" box="[108,245,1365,1384]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[100,130,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[120,1467,153,907]" captionTargetId="figure-184@6.[119,1468,152,908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. PC1-PC2 (a) Score plot and (b) loading plot of the PCA model established with LC–MS ion marker dataset of 6 Lonicera root extracts, and PC2-PC3 (c) score plot and (d) loading plot of the PCA model of 6 aerial part extracts. In the loading plots, some important markers are labelled with xxx/yy, in which xxx means m/z values and yy means retention time. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; Lm, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5a and b</figureCitation>
|
||
), in which PC1, PC2, and PC3 accounted for 30.4%, 24.7%, and 19.1% of the total variance respectively (Supplementary Data, Fig. S24b), the samples showed a different distribution of iridoid and secoiridoid derivatives.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FE8581ABFE19FA2D" box="[376,500,1448,1467]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FE8581ABFE19FA2D" bold="true" box="[376,500,1448,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FDD781ABFD7CFA2D" box="[554,657,1448,1467]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FDD781ABFD7CFA2D" bold="true" box="[554,657,1448,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed similar patterns to the first PCA result, showing significantly high contents of loganic acid (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FEC581E3FEA9FA65" bold="true" box="[312,324,1504,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">1</emphasis>
|
||
) (Lp), and dicaffeoylquinic acids (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FD6881E3FD43FA65" bold="true" box="[661,686,1504,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">27</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FD1C81E3FD17FA65" bold="true" box="[737,762,1504,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">31</emphasis>
|
||
) and grandifloroside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FBFC869BFBF7FD3D" bold="true" box="[1025,1050,664,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">34</emphasis>
|
||
) (Lv). 7-Desmethylsecologanol (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FAA1869BFA85FD3D" bold="true" box="[1372,1384,664,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">3</emphasis>
|
||
) was also abundant in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FC5586B7FBCDFD51" box="[936,1056,692,711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FC5586B7FBCDFD51" bold="true" box="[936,1056,692,711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FBD186B7FB61FD51" box="[1068,1164,692,711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FBD186B7FB61FD51" bold="true" box="[1068,1164,692,711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FB4786B7FAAEFD51" box="[1210,1347,692,711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB4786B7FAAEFD51" bold="true" box="[1210,1347,692,711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibited very similar metabolite profiles, in which periclymenoside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FACB86D3FAA2FD75" bold="true" box="[1334,1359,720,739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">37</emphasis>
|
||
), kinginoside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FCC786EFFCBEFD69" bold="true" box="[826,851,748,767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">48</emphasis>
|
||
), and methylgrandifloroside methyl ester (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB0286EFFAF5FD69" bold="true" box="[1279,1304,748,767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">49</emphasis>
|
||
) showed high ion intensities. These three compounds and grandifloroside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FAA3870BFA9AFC8D" bold="true" box="[1374,1399,776,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">34</emphasis>
|
||
) share a structural trait; they commonly contain a feruloyl moiety in their structures. Periclymenoside and kinginoside have been reported from only a small number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FBE6875FFB5EFCF9" box="[1051,1203,860,879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FBE6875FFB8AFCF9" bold="true" box="[1051,1127,860,879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FB42875FFC86FC1D" authority="(Calis et al., 1984)" baseAuthorityName="Calis" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="periclymenum">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB42875FFABEFCF9" bold="true" box="[1215,1363,860,879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. periclymenum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFA91F04FA9E875FFC8FFC1D" author="Calis, I. & Lahloub, M. F. & Sticher, O." pageId="2" pageNumber="128" pagination="160 - 165" refId="ref8436" refString="Calis, I., Lahloub, M. F., Sticher, O., 1984. Loganin, loganic acid and periclymenoside, a new biosidic ester iridoid glucoside from Lonicera periclymenum L. (Caprifoliaceae). Helv. Chim. Acta 67, 160 - 165." type="journal article" year="1984">Calis et al., 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FC84877BFB47FC1D" authority="(Aimi et al., 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Aimi" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[889,1194,888,907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morrowii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FC84877BFC09FC1D" bold="true" box="[889,996,888,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. morrowii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFA91F04FC0A877BFB4CFC1D" author="Aimi, N. & Seki, H. & Sakai, S. & Haginiwa, J." box="[1015,1185,888,907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" pagination="1882 - 1884" refId="ref8281" refString="Aimi, N., Seki, H., Sakai, S., Haginiwa, J., 1993. Kinginoside, a new acyl group carrying iridoid bioside from Lonicera morrowii. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41, 1882 - 1884." type="journal article" year="1993">Aimi et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FB18877BFC81FC30" authority="(Kang et al., 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Kang" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB18877BFAA6FC1D" bold="true" box="[1253,1355,888,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFA91F04FAA0877BFC8FFC30" author="Kang, K. B. & Lee, D. Y. & Kim, M. S. & Kim, T. B. & Yang, T. J. & Sung, S. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="128" pagination="788 - 794" refId="ref9507" refString="Kang, K. B., Lee, D. Y., Kim, M. S., Kim, T. B., Yang, T. J., Sung, S. H., 2018. Argininosecologanin, a secoiridoid-derived guanidine alkaloid from the roots of Lonicera insularis. Nat. Prod. Res. 32, 788 - 794." type="journal article" year="2018">Kang et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From these, it could be proposed that the biosynthetic ability for feruloyl iridoid derivatives recently appeared during the speciation of these species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FC4B87C8FBF9FC48" box="[950,1044,971,990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maackii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FC4B87C8FBF9FC48" bold="true" box="[950,1044,971,990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. maackii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed a relative abundance of sweroside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FA4887C8FA2CFC48" bold="true" box="[1461,1473,971,990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">9</emphasis>
|
||
). PC3 did not show a significant difference between species (Supplementary Data, Figs. S25a and S25b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA91F05FCAE801CFCEFFDEF" blockId="2.[818,1488,664,1520]" lastBlockId="3.[100,771,586,1191]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Another PCA model was established within the LC–MS dataset from the aerial parts of five
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FBEF8038FBB3FBD8" box="[1042,1118,1083,1102]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FBEF8038FBB3FBD8" bold="true" box="[1042,1118,1083,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFA91F04FB448038FAD6FBD8" box="[1209,1339,1083,1102]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[100,130,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[120,1467,153,907]" captionTargetId="figure-184@6.[119,1468,152,908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. PC1-PC2 (a) Score plot and (b) loading plot of the PCA model established with LC–MS ion marker dataset of 6 Lonicera root extracts, and PC2-PC3 (c) score plot and (d) loading plot of the PCA model of 6 aerial part extracts. In the loading plots, some important markers are labelled with xxx/yy, in which xxx means m/z values and yy means retention time. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; Lm, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5c and d</figureCitation>
|
||
). In this mode, PC1, PC2, and PC3 accounted for 34.2%, 21.6%, and 18.7% of the total variance (Supplementary Data, Fig. S24c). However, PC1 majorly shows the variance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FBC0808DFB5BFB37" box="[1085,1206,1166,1185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FBC0808DFB5BFB37" bold="true" box="[1085,1206,1166,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other species which were already investigated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFA91F04FBE180A9FBBBFB2B" box="[1052,1110,1194,1213]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1889,1906]" captionTargetBox="[127,1467,1110,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-575@5.[119,1468,1106,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. PC1-PC2 (a) score plot and (b) loading plot, and the PC1-PC3 (c) score plot and (d) loading plot of the PCA model established with the LC–MS ion marker dataset. In the score plots, green triangles and brown inverted triangles correspond to aerial parts and roots, respectively. In the loading plots, some important markers are labelled with xxx/yy, in which xxx means m/z values and yy means retention time. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; m, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484363/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(Supplementary Data, Figs. S25c and S25d); thus, further variance between other five species were visualized using PC2-PC3 plots. The aerial parts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FB4480E1FAA8FB63" box="[1209,1349,1250,1269]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB4480E1FAA8FB63" bold="true" box="[1209,1349,1250,1269]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed a significant abundance of periclymenoside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB5380FDFB2AFA87" bold="true" box="[1198,1223,1278,1297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">37</emphasis>
|
||
) and methylgrandifloroside methyl ester (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FC4E8119FC21FABB" bold="true" box="[947,972,1306,1325]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">49</emphasis>
|
||
) as similar to the root sample, whereas the aerial parts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FCB18135FC42FADF" box="[844,943,1334,1353]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FCB18135FC42FADF" bold="true" box="[844,943,1334,1353]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibited a different chemical profile.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FAD48135FA61FADF" box="[1321,1420,1334,1353]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FAD48135FA61FADF" bold="true" box="[1321,1420,1334,1353]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FA438135FC80FAF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mackii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FA438135FC80FAF3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. mackii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed similar chemical profiles which were relatively abundant in secologanic acid (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FBD2816DFBD6FA17" bold="true" box="[1071,1083,1390,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">5</emphasis>
|
||
) and unidentified iridoid derivatives (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FA4B816DFA22FA17" bold="true" box="[1462,1487,1390,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">13</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FCA18189FC98FA0B" bold="true" box="[860,885,1418,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">18</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FC778189FC00FA0B" box="[906,1005,1418,1437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FC778189FC00FA0B" bold="true" box="[906,1005,1418,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed relatively high contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids, such as luteolin 7-
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB9081A6FB91FA2E" bold="true" box="[1133,1148,1445,1464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">O</emphasis>
|
||
-(6-
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB6081A6FB41FA2E" bold="true" box="[1181,1196,1445,1464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">O</emphasis>
|
||
-rhamnosylhexoside) (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FA8381A6FA7AFA2E" bold="true" box="[1406,1431,1445,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">24</emphasis>
|
||
), 3,4- di-
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FCB681C2FCB7FA42" bold="true" box="[843,858,1473,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">O</emphasis>
|
||
-caffeoylquinic acid (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FBD881C2FBD3FA42" bold="true" box="[1061,1086,1473,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">27</emphasis>
|
||
), and apigenin 7-
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FB1181C2FB16FA42" bold="true" box="[1260,1275,1473,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">O</emphasis>
|
||
-(6-
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FAE181C2FAC6FA42" bold="true" box="[1308,1323,1473,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">O</emphasis>
|
||
-glucosylrhamnoside) (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FC8E81DEFC61FA66" bold="true" box="[883,908,1501,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">30</emphasis>
|
||
). Sweroside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FBE481DEFBC8FA66" bold="true" box="[1049,1061,1501,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">9</emphasis>
|
||
) was identified as a chemical marker for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FF998649FF29FDCB" box="[100,196,586,605]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maackii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FF998649FF29FDCB" bold="true" box="[100,196,586,605]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. maackii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the root sample based the PCA model, but in the aerial parts it was accumulated abundantly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FE238665FD85FDEF" box="[478,616,614,633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FE238665FD85FDEF" bold="true" box="[478,616,614,633]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FD6A8665FD16FDEF" box="[663,763,614,633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FD6A8665FD16FDEF" bold="true" box="[663,763,614,633]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F7CE6652FFA91F04FF998397FB65F828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10484357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484357/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" startId="2.[100,130,1940,1957]" targetBox="[226,1361,1562,1916]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA91F04FF998397FB65F828" blockId="2.[100,1487,1940,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FF998397FF72F833" bold="true" box="[100,159,1940,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic analysis of six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA91F04FE618397FDCEF833" box="[412,547,1940,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA91F04FE618397FE0DF833" bold="true" box="[412,480,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="128">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on complete chloroplast genome. The tree was generated by multiple alignment using MAFFT and a neighbor-joining (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFA91F04FF0283AEFE7FF828" author="Chen" box="[255,402,1965,1982]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chen" pageId="2" pageNumber="128" pagination="1680 - 1686" refId="ref8551" refString="Chen, J., Xia, N., Wang, X., Beeson Jr., R. C., Chen, J., 2017. Ploidy level, karyotype, and DNA content in the genus Lonicera. Hortscience 52, 1680 - 1686." type="journal article" year="2017">Chen et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) analysis using MEGA 6.0. The numbers in the nodes indicate bootstrap support values.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F7CE6652FFA81F05FF9985DBFAB2FD8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10484359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484359/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" startId="3.[100,130,472,489]" targetBox="[188,1399,153,449]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA81F05FF9985DBFAB2FD8A" blockId="3.[100,1487,472,540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FF9985DBFF73FE7F" bold="true" box="[100,158,472,489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
An InDel marker (Lo_i_04) for authentication of six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FDA085DBFD0FFE7F" box="[605,738,472,489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FDA085DBFD4CFE7F" bold="true" box="[605,673,472,489]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on copy number variation (CNV) in the intragenic region. The InDel marker was developed based on chloroplast genome sequences of six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FDAC85F1FD3AFD95" box="[593,727,498,515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FDAC85F1FD78FD95" bold="true" box="[593,661,498,515]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and successfully validated by PCR. The PCR primer pairs were 5′-AAACAAACGCGCTAC CAAGC-3′ and 5′-CCCGAGCATTCCCGAAAAAG-3′. Li,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FDCF8608FD66FD8A" box="[562,651,523,540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FDCF8608FD66FD8A" bold="true" box="[562,651,523,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ls,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FD498608FCDDFD8A" box="[692,816,523,540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FD498608FCDDFD8A" bold="true" box="[692,816,523,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lp,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FCA08608FC26FD8A" box="[861,971,523,540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FCA08608FC26FD8A" bold="true" box="[861,971,523,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lm,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FC008608FBBFFD8A" box="[1021,1106,523,540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maackii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FC008608FBBFFD8A" bold="true" box="[1021,1106,523,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. maackii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lv,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FB808608FB34FD8A" box="[1149,1241,523,540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesicaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FB808608FB34FD8A" bold="true" box="[1149,1241,523,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. vesicaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lj,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FAFD8608FAB7FD8A" box="[1280,1370,523,540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FAFD8608FAB7FD8A" bold="true" box="[1280,1370,523,540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA81F05FF788681FF37FB31" blockId="3.[100,771,586,1191]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
|
||
The chemotaxonomic relationship among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FDE18681FD85FD03" box="[540,616,642,661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FDE18681FD85FD03" bold="true" box="[540,616,642,661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species was established by a hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) among 12 samples (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFA81F05FF9186B9FF4EFD5B" box="[108,163,698,717]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[100,130,1660,1677]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,1041,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-278@6.[263,1325,1040,1637]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Dendrogram obtained from HCA with the LC–MS dataset of 12 Lonicera extracts. The distances between samples were calculated using Ward's method and Euclidian metrics, and the tree was sorted by size. Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lp, L. praeflorens; Lm, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica. A, aerial parts; R, roots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484367/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distances between samples were calculated using Ward's method and Euclidian metrics, and the tree was sorted by size. The samples were divided into three groups: the roots and aerial parts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FD0C86F1FF2BFCB7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FD0C86F1FF2BFCB7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the aerial parts of the other species, and the roots of the other species. As shown in the PC1-PC2 score plot, the chemical contents of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FF488746FEDDFCCE" box="[181,304,837,856]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FF488746FEDDFCCE" bold="true" box="[181,304,837,856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were quite different from that of the other five species. The chemophylogeny among the roots did not correspond to one between the aerial parts or to the phylogenetic tree based on the chloroplast DNA sequences. This
|
||
<typeStatus id="7C0A8878FFA81F05FE51879AFE38FC3A" box="[428,469,921,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of discordance between genotypes and chemotypes is common because plant specialized metabolite phenotypes are determined by the complex contribution and interaction of genotype and environmental effects (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFA81F05FDFC87EEFD72FB96" author="Chen, J. & Xu, Y. & Wei, G. & Liao, S. & Zhang, Y. & Huang, W. & Yuan, L. & Wang, Y." box="[513,671,1005,1024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" pagination="180 - 187" refId="ref8488" refString="Chen, J., Xu, Y., Wei, G., Liao, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, W., Yuan, L., Wang, Y., 2015. Chemotypic and genetic diversity in Epimedium sagittatum from different geographical regions of China. Phytochemistry 116, 180 - 187." type="journal article" year="2015">Chen et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFA81F05FD5787EEFF20FB8A" author="Hamilton, J. G. & Zangerl, A. R. & DeLucia, E. H. & Berenbaum, M. R." pageId="3" pageNumber="129" pagination="86 - 95" refId="ref9232" refString="Hamilton, J. G., Zangerl, A. R., DeLucia, E. H., Berenbaum, M. R., 2001. The carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis: its rise and fall. Ecol. Lett. 4, 86 - 95." type="journal article" year="2001">Hamilton et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, some partial consistency can still be found in the phylogenetic and phylochemical trees; for example, the roots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FD0C8026FF43FBC5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FD0C8026FF43FBC5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FF1F8043FE83FBC5" box="[226,366,1088,1107]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FF1F8043FE83FBC5" bold="true" box="[226,366,1088,1107]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibited similar chemical profiles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FD2C8043FF70FBF9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FD2C8043FF70FBF9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FF56805FFEDBFBF9" box="[171,310,1116,1135]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FF56805FFEDBFBF9" bold="true" box="[171,310,1116,1135]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FE93805FFE21FBF9" box="[366,460,1116,1135]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maackii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FE93805FFE21FBF9" bold="true" box="[366,460,1116,1135]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. maackii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a cluster for their aerial part metabolites, as they did in the chloroplast genome-based phylogenetic tree.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA81F05FCCF8649FB34FDCB" blockId="3.[818,1241,586,605]" box="[818,1241,586,605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FCCF8649FB34FDCB" bold="true" box="[818,1241,586,605]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
|
||
2.5. Metabolite localization in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FBB78649FB7BFDCB" box="[1098,1174,586,605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Lonicera</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A30E36DAFFA81F03FCAE8681FBFEFDF0" blockId="3.[818,1488,642,1191]" lastBlockId="5.[818,1487,512,614]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
|
||
To further investigate the chemical diversity among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FA7E8681FA22FD03" box="[1411,1487,642,661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FA7E8681FA22FD03" bold="true" box="[1411,1487,642,661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples, additional multivariate analysis models were established. At first, based on the PCA and HCA results, an orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was built with ten samples except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FC1286F1FB86FC93" box="[1007,1131,753,773]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praeflorens">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FC1286F1FB86FC93" bold="true" box="[1007,1131,753,773]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">L. praeflorens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to examine the metabolic difference between the aerial parts and roots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FB50870DFB14FCB7" box="[1197,1273,782,801]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FB50870DFB14FCB7" bold="true" box="[1197,1273,782,801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants. The OPLS-DA model exhibited an acceptable predictability, showing R
|
||
<superScript id="54C49B92FFA81F05FAC28726FAA5FCA4" attach="left" box="[1343,1352,805,818]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">2</superScript>
|
||
and Q
|
||
<superScript id="54C49B92FFA81F05FA788726FA63FCA4" attach="left" box="[1413,1422,805,818]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">2</superScript>
|
||
values of 0.989 and 0.755, respectively. The OPLS-DA score plot and the
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FA658746FA4EFCCE" bold="true" box="[1432,1443,837,856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">S</emphasis>
|
||
-plot were used for visualization of the ion markers that influenced the model (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B8A2A5FFFA81F05FCC7877EFC9DFC06" box="[826,880,893,912]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,555,572]" captionTargetBox="[120,1466,154,532]" captionTargetId="figure-840@7.[119,1468,152,533]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 7. (a) Score plot and (b) S-plot of the OPLS-DA model for aerial part and root extracts of five Lonicera species (L. praeflorens was excluded). Li, L. insularis; Ls, L. sachalinensis; Lm, L. maackii; Lv, L. vesicaria; Lj, L. japonica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10484369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10484369/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Several iridoid derivatives showed a significantly higher content in the roots, such as 7-desmethylsecologanol (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FADE879AFAC2FC3A" bold="true" box="[1315,1327,921,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">3</emphasis>
|
||
), sweroside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FA48879AFA2CFC3A" bold="true" box="[1461,1473,921,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">9</emphasis>
|
||
), (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FCC787B6FCABFC5E" bold="true" box="[826,838,949,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">E</emphasis>
|
||
)-aldosecologanin (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FC0687B6FBF9FC5E" bold="true" box="[1019,1044,949,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">33</emphasis>
|
||
), and grandifloroside (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FB0C87B6FAE7FC5E" bold="true" box="[1265,1290,949,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">34</emphasis>
|
||
), whereas the flavonoids (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FC8887D2FC63FC72" bold="true" box="[885,910,977,996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">23</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FC3F87D2FC36FC72" bold="true" box="[962,987,977,996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">29</emphasis>
|
||
) tended to subsist in the aerial parts. Interestingly, secologanin (
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FC5387EEFC57FB96" bold="true" box="[942,954,1005,1024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">5</emphasis>
|
||
) is a secoiridoid derivative, but it showed a high content in the aerial parts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FBF5800AFBB9FB8A" box="[1032,1108,1033,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FBF5800AFBB9FB8A" bold="true" box="[1032,1108,1033,1052]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species rather than in their roots. We could set two hypothesis for this characteristic localization of secologanin. As mentioned above, iridoid glycosides are well-known as plant derived defense metabolites. Peñuelas and coworkers reported that eggs of the herbivore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FC23807BFB7CFB1D" baseAuthorityName="Rottemburg" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[990,1169,1144,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphydryas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurinia">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FC23807BFB7CFB1D" bold="true" box="[990,1169,1144,1163]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Euphydryas aurinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
significantly increased the concentration of iridoid glycosides in leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFA81F05FB068097FA77FB31" box="[1275,1434,1172,1191]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="implexa">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFA81F05FB068097FA77FB31" bold="true" box="[1275,1434,1172,1191]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="129">Lonicera implexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and secologanic acid was the most abundant derivative (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAE1F03FD918603FF79FDB9" author="Penuelas, J. & Sardans, J. & Stefanescu, C. & Parella, T. & Filella, I." pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="1925 - 1933" refId="ref10267" refString="Penuelas, J., Sardans, J., Stefanescu, C., Parella, T., Filella, I., 2006. Lonicera implexa leaves bearing naturally laid eggs of the specialist herbivore Euphydryas aurinia have dramatically greater concentrations of iridoid glycosides than other leaves. J. Chem. Ecol. 32, 1925 - 1933." type="journal article" year="2006">Peñuelas et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on these facts, we could hypothesize that secologanin was localized at leaves, because it might have specific selectivity against herbivores than other iridoid glycosides. Another hypothesis was related to the biosynthetic pathway of secoiridoids; secologanin is known to be formed by the oxidative cleavage of loganin, which is catalyzed by secologanin synthase (SLS) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAE1F03FE8886A4FDCBFD2C" author="Irmler, S. & Schroder, G. & St-Pierre, B. & Crouch, N. P. & Hotze, M. & Schmidt, J. & Strack, D. & Matern, U. & Schroder, J." box="[373,550,679,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="797 - 804" refId="ref9364" refString="Irmler, S., Schroder, G., St-Pierre, B., Crouch, N. P., Hotze, M., Schmidt, J., Strack, D., Matern, U., Schroder, J., 2000. Indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus: new enzyme activities and identification of cytochrome P 450 CYP 72 A 1 as secologanin synthase. Plant J. 24, 797 - 804." type="journal article" year="2000">Irmler et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite early studies on the secoiridoid biosynthesis pathway, especially the identification of SLS performed with suspension cultured cells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAE1F03FDD186DCFD63FD64" box="[556,654,735,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FDD186DCFD63FD64" bold="true" box="[556,654,735,754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Yamamoto et al., 1999, 2000), little is known about the gene expression, protein localization, and metabolite accumulation involved with secoiridoid biosynthesis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAE1F03FF048730FEA8FCD0" box="[249,325,819,838]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FF048730FEA8FCD0" bold="true" box="[249,325,819,838]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants. Y. Liu and coworkers showed that the expression of the
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FEF1874DFED4FCF7" bold="true" box="[268,313,846,865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">SLS2</emphasis>
|
||
gene is higher in the stems, leaves, and flowers than in the roots in the case of the Tibetan medicinal plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAE1F03FD428769FEB5FC0F" authority="(Liu et al., 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Swertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mussotii">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FD428769FF41FC0F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Swertia mussotii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAE1F03FF468785FEA3FC0F" author="Liu, Y. & Wang, Y. & Guo, F. X. & Zhan, L. & Mohr, T. & Cheng, P. & Huo, N. X. & Gu, R. H. & Pei, D. N. & Sun, J. Q. & Tang, L. & Long, C. L. & Huang, L. Q. & Gu, Y. Q." box="[187,334,902,921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="43108" refId="ref10031" refString="Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Guo, F. X., Zhan, L., Mohr, T., Cheng, P., Huo, N. X., Gu, R. H., Pei, D. N., Sun, J. Q., Tang, L., Long, C. L., Huang, L. Q., Gu, Y. Q., 2017. Deep sequencing and transcriptome analyses to identify genes involved in secoiridoid biosynthesis in the Tibetan medicinal plant Swertia mussotii. Sci. Rep. 7, 43108." type="journal article" year="2017">Liu et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This was contrary to the high expression of
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FF9987A1FF7CFC23" bold="true" box="[100,145,930,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">SLS1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FF4287A1FF01FC23" bold="true" box="[191,236,930,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">
|
||
SLS
|
||
<quantity id="64499B3FFFAE1F03FF1F87A1FF01FC23" box="[226,236,930,949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="in" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAE1F03FEF487A1FE50FC23" box="[265,445,930,949]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Catharanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FEF487A1FE50FC23" bold="true" box="[265,445,930,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Catharanthus roseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
roots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAE1F03FE0387A1FD19FC23" author="de Bernonville, T. D. & Foureau, E. & Parage, C. & Lanoue, A. & Clastre, M. & Londono, M. A. & Oudin, A. & Houille, B. & Papon, N. & Besseau, S. & Glevarec, G. & Atehortua, L. & Guivarc'h, N. & St-Pierre, B. & De Luca, V. & O'Connor, S. E. & Courdavault, V." box="[510,756,930,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="619" refId="ref8806" refString="de Bernonville, T. D., Foureau, E., Parage, C., Lanoue, A., Clastre, M., Londono, M. A., Oudin, A., Houille, B., Papon, N., Besseau, S., Glevarec, G., Atehortua, L., Giglioli- Guivarc'h, N., St-Pierre, B., De Luca, V., O'Connor, S. E., Courdavault, V., 2015. Characterization of a second secologanin synthase isoform producing both secologanin and secoxyloganin allows enhanced de novo assembly of a Catharanthus roseus transcriptome. BMC Genom. 16, 619." type="journal article" year="2015">de Bernonville et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which suggests that the localization of SLS can differ across plant taxa. A. Rai and coworkers reported a significantly high expression of
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FD3587D9FD04FC7B" bold="true" box="[712,745,986,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">SLS</emphasis>
|
||
in the young leaf tissues of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAE1F03FEB187F5FE43FB9F" box="[332,430,1014,1033]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FEB187F5FE43FB9F" bold="true" box="[332,430,1014,1033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">L. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they did not use the root tissue in the study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7204B2BFFAE1F03FF228011FE80FBB3" author="Rai, A. & Kamochi, H. & Suzuki, H. & Nakamura, M. & Takahashi, H. & Hatada, T. & Saito, K. & Yamazaki, M." box="[223,365,1042,1061]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref10474" refString="Rai, A., Kamochi, H., Suzuki, H., Nakamura, M., Takahashi, H., Hatada, T., Saito, K., Yamazaki, M., 2017. De novo transcriptome assembly and characterization of nine tissues of Lonicera japonica to identify potential candidate genes involved in chlorogenic acid, luteolosides, and secoiridoid biosynthesis pathways. J. Nat. Med. 71, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2017">Rai et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, it could be hypothesized that in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAE1F03FC8A8603FC2EFD85" box="[887,963,512,531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FC8A8603FC2EFD85" bold="true" box="[887,963,512,531]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants,
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FBF38603FBC2FD85" bold="true" box="[1038,1071,512,531]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">SLS</emphasis>
|
||
is localized in the leaves while other iridoid biosynthetic cascades are localized in the roots. However, further investigation is required to confirm these hypotheses on localization of secologanin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B14D59FFAE1F03FC3C8650FBE0FDF0" box="[961,1037,595,614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C5EAC8FFAE1F03FC3C8650FBE0FDF0" bold="true" box="[961,1037,595,614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Lonicera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |