151 lines
15 KiB
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151 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.9575" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05e9fc25-2559-4e72-ae9c-76c9b6c569ed" ID-PMC="PMC4668888" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-527-57" ID-PubMed="26692788" ID-ZBK="05826BC127464BAE97EF5BC06BD63D5C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-527-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 527" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the genus Aseptis McDunnough (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Xylenini) with a description of two new genera, Paraseptis and Viridiseptis" checkinTime="1451243894865" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mustelin, Tomas & Crabo, Lars G." docDate="2015" docId="2562D81E71167ACDFF433C3F3839898C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 527: 57-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 527" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.9575" docTitle="Aseptis fanatica Mustelin 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="AA6DFFF1FFC1FFF1FFB9FFD0FFC7B325" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Aseptis McDunnough (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Xylenini) with a description of two new genera, Paraseptis and Viridiseptis" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668160851544" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the genus Aseptis McDunnough (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Xylenini) with a description of two new genera, Paraseptis and Viridiseptis</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mustelin, Tomas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crabo, Lars G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>527</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>102</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.9575</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.9575</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-527-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">05826BC127464BAE97EF5BC06BD63D5C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">05826BC127464BAE97EF5BC06BD63D5C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062764" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2562D81E71167ACDFF433C3F3839898C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2562D81E71167ACDFF433C3F3839898C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName authority="Mustelin, 2006" authorityName="Mustelin" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica Mustelin, 2006</taxonomicName>
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Figs 13-18, 63, 80
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="68" start="start">Aseptis</pageBreakToken>
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fanatica
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</taxonomicName>
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Mustelin, 2006: 27.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="68" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Holotype male [SDNHM, examined]. Type locality: Pine Cove, San Jacinto Mountains, Riverside County, California.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
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This species is similar in size and shape to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis ferruginea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">Aseptis ferruginea</taxonomicName>
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, wingspan 38.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.6 mm (n = 25; range 35-42 mm). In southern California
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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has a dark chocolate-brown forewing (Figs 13 and 14), whereas in northern California, Oregon, and Washington it is darker brown to nearly black (Figs 15 and 16). Some individuals in central California are smooth bright red brown (Figs 17 and 18). The maculation is dark, either diffuse or weakly contrasting. The most prominent markings are the black-filled reniform spot, a black shade proximal to the incomplete pale subterminal line, and pale-yellowish spots on the costa at the antemedial and postmedial lines. Well-marked specimens have a serrate black postmedial line, some black on the veins, and scattered pale scales giving them a peppered look. The hindwing is slightly paler than the forewing, particularly in males.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
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Separating
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis ethnica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethnica">Aseptis ethnica</taxonomicName>
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can be challenging. As a rule,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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is the darker species at any location. In southern California
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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is dark gray brown whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis ethnica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethnica">Aseptis ethnica</taxonomicName>
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is pale tan gray. In northern California where
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis ethnica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethnica">Aseptis ethnica</taxonomicName>
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is darker and often has some reddish brown around the spots,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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is nearly black.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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tends to be narrower winged and smaller, but there is overlap in size. If necessary, the genital characters of the male valves and female bursae given in the key to species can be used to distinguish the two species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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is the only species in the species group with two CO1 barcode haplotypes, these separated by 1.3%. Specimens with both haplotypes are found throughout its range and display no consistent differences in habitus or male or female genitalia. Similarly, the distinctive red morph from San Benito County flies with typical black specimens with which they are indistinguishable by barcodes or genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="68" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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is known from Washington, Oregon, California, and Baja California Norte, Mexico. It flies in many different habitats like brush land and open forest in southern California mostly at 1000-2000 m but occurs at lower elevations farther north. The flight period is from early May to August in the south and in mid-summer in the Cascades. It can be abundant. In the Pacific Northwest,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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feeds on species of
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<taxonomicName family="Ericaceae" lsidName="Xylenina" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
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such as madrone (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arbutus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arbutus menziesii" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Arbutus menziesii</taxonomicName>
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Pursh.) and various species of manzanitas and bearberry (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Arctostaphylos</taxonomicName>
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spp.) (Miller & Hammond 2003, as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis ethnica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethnica">Aseptis ethnica</taxonomicName>
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). Bearberry (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos uva-ursi" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uva-ursi">Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Spreng.) is probably the only suitable foodplant for this species in the Washington Cascades.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
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Prior to its description in 2006, this species was thought to represent the southern California form of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis ethnica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethnica">Aseptis ethnica</taxonomicName>
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. In fact, the holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadena ethnica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethnica">Hadena ethnica</taxonomicName>
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is quite similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Aseptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aseptis fanatica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fanatica">Aseptis fanatica</taxonomicName>
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from San Diego County.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
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The mixed red and black population from San Benito County is a unique phenomenon. The red color might be due to a gene mutation, but could also be adaptive. Many noctuids that feed on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Arctostaphylos</taxonomicName>
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as larvae are a similar red color, including
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mesogona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesogona rubra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">Mesogona rubra</taxonomicName>
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Hammond & Crabo in the subtribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Xylenina" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Xylenina">Xylenina</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
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The name
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<taxonomicName genus="Xylenina" lsidName="Xylenina fanatica" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="fanatica">fanatica</taxonomicName>
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means fanatic and was selected as the antithesis of
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<taxonomicName genus="Xylenina" lsidName="Xylenina ethnica" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="ethnica">ethnica</taxonomicName>
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(heathen). At the time, fanatic had a less sinister meaning than it does in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="today’s">today's</normalizedToken>
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world.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |