863 lines
106 KiB
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863 lines
106 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bd911c4-a027-4a72-a69b-f37bc46b24b9" ID-PMC="PMC7669820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-989-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" ID-PubMed="33223897" ID-ZooBank="F78F6D879DDB4CD98E4C60E4883A59B6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-989-79" checkinTime="1604986516813" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Selz, Oliver M., Doenz, Carmela J., Vonlanthen, Pascal & Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2020" docId="199F0029D15C589AB4D94F376F675BB7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 989: 79-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 989" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" docTitle="Coregonus albellus Fatio 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1668169826672" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Selz, Oliver M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-5909</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">oliver.selz@eawag.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doenz, Carmela J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vonlanthen, Pascal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquabios GmbH, Les Fermes 57, 1792 Cordast, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>989</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-989-79</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F78F6D879DDB4CD98E4C60E4883A59B6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168961875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:199F0029D15C589AB4D94F376F675BB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/199F0029D15C589AB4D94F376F675BB7" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName LSID="199F0029-D15C-589A-B4D9-4F376F675BB7" authority="Fatio, 1890" authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">Coregonus albellus Fatio, 1890</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="90" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus exiguus subsp. albellus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="exiguus" subSpecies="albellus">Coregonus exiguus albellus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Brienzlig":
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<bibRefCitation author="Surbeck, G" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B58" refString="Surbeck, G, 1917. Der Brienzlig (Coregonusexiguus Klunz. var. albellus Fatio). Neue Beobachtungen, Fang- und Zuchtversuche. Schweizerisches Departement des Innern. Inspektion fuer Forstwesen, Jagd und Fischerei. Buchdruckerei HNERI KUNZ, Pfaeffikon." title="Der Brienzlig (Coregonusexiguus Klunz. var. albellus Fatio). Neue Beobachtungen, Fang- und Zuchtversuche. Schweizerisches Departement des Innern. Inspektion fuer Forstwesen, Jagd und Fischerei. Buchdruckerei HNERI KUNZ, Pfaeffikon." year="1917">Surbeck 1917</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" author="Rufli, H" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="7 - 31" refId="B54" refString="Rufli, H, 1978. Die heutigen sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner- und Bielersees und ihre Morphologie. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 40: 7 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" title="Die heutigen sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner- und Bielersees und ihre Morphologie." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" volume="40" year="1978">Rufli 1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551760" author="Rufli, H" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="64 - 93" refId="B55" refString="Rufli, H, 1979. Ernaehrung und Wachstumder Felchen populationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner-und Bielersees. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie 41: 64 - 93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551760" title="Ernaehrung und Wachstumder Felchen populationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner-und Bielersees." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551760" volume="41" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie - Beiheft Ergebnisse der Limnologie" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="303 - 318" refId="B36" refString="Kirchhofer, A, Tschumi, PA, 1986. Age structure and growth of coregonid fish populations in Lake Thun. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie - Beiheft Ergebnisse der Limnologie 22: 303 - 318" title="Age structure and growth of coregonid fish populations in Lake Thun." volume="22" year="1986">Kirchhofer and Tschumi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04623.x" author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher=") in a Swiss lake: a role for eutrophication? Molecular Ecology" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="2152 - 2167" refId="B13" refString="Bittner, D, Excoffier, L, Largiader, CR, 2010. Patterns of morphological changes and hybridization between sympatric whitefish morphs (Coregonus spp.) in a Swiss lake: a role for eutrophication? Molecular Ecology 19: 2152 - 2167, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04623.x" title="Patterns of morphological changes and hybridization between sympatric whitefish morphs (Coregonus spp." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04623.x" volume="19" year="2010">Bittner et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Brienzlig", "Winterbrienzlig":
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B34" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1990. Limnologische und Ichtyologische Untersuchungen im Brienzersee unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Differenzierung der sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen. Dissertation, Phil.-nat. Fakultaet der Universitaet Bern." title="Limnologische und Ichtyologische Untersuchungen im Brienzersee unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Differenzierung der sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen. Dissertation, Phil. - nat. Fakultaet der Universitaet Bern." year="1990">Kirchhofer 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Small type":
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<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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sp. "winter spawning":
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<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Kottelat, Cornol, and Freyhof, Berlin" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B38" refString="Kottelat, M, Freyhof, J, 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, and Freyhof, Berlin" title="Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes." year="2007">Kottelat and Freyhof 2007</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Sommerbrienzlig", "BRI2": Douglas et al. 1999;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" author="Douglas, MR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B16" refString="Douglas, MR, Brunner, PC, 2002. Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154-172. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" title="Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154 - 172." url="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" year="2002">Douglas and Brunner 2002</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Sommerbrienzlig", "THU5":
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" author="Douglas, MR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B17" refString="Douglas, MR, Brunner, PC, Bernatchez, L, 2003. Doassemblages of Coregonus (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) in the Central Alpine region of Europe represent species flocks? Molecular Ecology 8: 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" title="Doassemblages of Coregonus (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) in the Central Alpine region of Europe represent species flocks? Molecular Ecology 8: 589 - 603." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" year="2003">Douglas et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Sommerbrienzlig", "Winterbrienzlig", "THU4", "THU5":
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" author="Douglas, MR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B16" refString="Douglas, MR, Brunner, PC, 2002. Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154-172. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" title="Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154 - 172." url="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" year="2002">Douglas and Brunner 2002</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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sp. "Brienzlig":
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<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="ProjetLac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B62" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, 2013. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Brienzersee. ProjetLac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Brienzersee." year="2013">
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Vonlanthen and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Périat">Periat</normalizedToken>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Kropfer":
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<bibRefCitation author="Heuscher, J" journalOrPublisher="Zwingli, Pfaeffikon" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B23" refString="Heuscher, J, 1901. Thuner- und Brienzer-See. Ihre Biologischen und Fischerei-Verhaeltnisse. Druck E. Zwingli, Pfaeffikon" title="Thuner- und Brienzer-See. Ihre Biologischen und Fischerei-Verhaeltnisse. Druck E." year="1901">Heuscher 1901</bibRefCitation>
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(see also synonymy of
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<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. profundus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="profundus">C. profundus</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
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natio
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">arurensis</emphasis>
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, oekot.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">nanus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
|
"Zwergalbock":
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655314" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.666668" location="Lake Thun" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" specimenCode="MHNG-816.022" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<specimenCode>MHNG-816.022</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingMunicipality>Switzerland</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:199F0029D15C589AB4D94F376F675BB7:708C29BB56DB4C16D9765215EA05ACC7" latitude="46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" municipality="Switzerland" name="Lake Thun">Lake Thun</location>
|
|
(
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 165 mm SL, sex unknown.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655321" collectionCode="NMBE" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.666668" location="Lake Thun" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" specimenCode="NMBE-1077186-1077202, NMBE-1077221-1077237" specimenCount="34">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Non-types</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077186-1077202</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077221-1077237</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:199F0029D15C589AB4D94F376F675BB7:784BACE347CFD28E9F4512390151A456" latitude="46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" name="Switzerland">Switzerland</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:199F0029D15C589AB4D94F376F675BB7:11C2A3E624CCAA449A2F687E737A69B6" latitude="46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" name="Lake Thun">Lake Thun</location>
|
|
(
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), N = 34, 177-271 mm SL;
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655317" collectionCode="NMBE" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.716667" location="Lake Brienz" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="7.95" specimenCode="NMBE-1059754, 1059768, 1059791, 1059801, 1059814, NMBE-1077129-1077131, NMBE-1077318-1077341" specimenCount="32">
|
|
<specimenCode>NMBE-1059754</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<specimenCode>1059768</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<specimenCode>1059791</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<specimenCode>1059801</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<specimenCode>1059814</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077129-1077131</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077318-1077341</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:199F0029D15C589AB4D94F376F675BB7:224E156680CD804F870B21AF0E294A06" latitude="46.716667" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="7.95" name="Switzerland">Switzerland</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:199F0029D15C589AB4D94F376F675BB7:882F8EC3F5AB375BF1F966C56048C14C" latitude="46.716667" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="7.95" name="Lake Brienz">Lake Brienz</location>
|
|
(
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.95">7°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), N = 32, 101-164 mm SL.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a very small whitefish species in Lake Brienz and a small whitefish species in Lake Thun with weak pigmentation of all fins and body; the colouration on the flanks above the lateral line of specimens from Lake Thun are pale rose to brown and from Lake Brienz pale brown to light green; no or few small pigmented dots on the edge of the scales along the flank for specimens from Lake Thun and specimens from Lake Brienz sometimes have rather large pigmented dots more or less in a row on the upper dorsum; elongate slender body; large eye with a thin and roundish eye socket; tip of snout fleshy and roundish; many and long gill rakers.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" type="differential diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
No single character was sufficient to distinguish
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
against all the five other species from Lake Thun and the species is diagnosed by a combination of characters. Based on ratios for the subset of whitefish from Lake Brienz smaller than 163.5 mm,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from the other three species from Lake Brienz by a smaller "postdorsal length / eye height" ratio (PostD/EH: 5.47-6.93 vs. 7.5-8.9). Also, when taking the full-size range (100-290 mm) of all species from Lake Brienz
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from the three other species by a smaller "predorsal length / eye height" ratio (PreD/EH: 6.1-7.58 vs. 8.12-10.5) (Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
|
|
The specimens from lakes Thun and Brienz of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differ from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of both lakes in having a higher number of gill rakers (UGR#: 9-17, mode = 13 vs. 8-11, mode = 10; LGR#: 20-29, mode = 25 vs. 15-23, mode = 19; total GR: 32-44, mode = 38 vs. 25-34, mode = 29), a longer longest gill raker (14.1-21.8% HL, mean = 17.7 vs. 10-15.2% HL, mean = 11.9), a deeper adipose fin (4.5-9.2% SL, mean = 6.5 vs. 3.4-5.5% HL, mean = 4.4), a longer lower jaw (38.4-49.2% HL, mean = 43.6 vs. 33.8-41.4% HL, mean = 38.4) and a thinner eye socket (2- 4.9% HL, mean = 3.4 vs. 3.3-6.3% HL, mean = 5).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="91" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
|
|
Lake Brienz
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
further differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having translucent pelvic and anal fins compared to the moderately to strongly pigmented pelvic and anal fins of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a longer pectoral fin (Pectoral fin 1 length: 15.7-22.6% SL, mean = 18 vs. 13.9- 17.9% SL, mean = 16.3; Pectoral fin 2 length: 16.9-23.8% SL, mean = 19.4 vs. 14.4-17.7% SL, mean = 16.9), a longer distance from the anal fin to the hypural plate of the caudal peduncle (17.7- 24.2% SL, mean = 20.7 vs. 15.3-19.5% SL, mean = 17.6), a longer head (16.1- 23.1% SL, mean = 17.9 vs. 14-16.3% SL, mean = 15.4), a larger eye and eye cavity (eye diameter: 26.1-32% HL, mean = 29.3 vs. 21.8-27.2% HL, mean = 24.3; eye height: 26.5- 30.6% HL, mean = 28.7 vs. 22.4- 27.1% HL, mean = 23.9; eye cavity: 30.4-36.8% HL, mean = 33.3 vs. 26.4-31.5% HL, mean = 29), and a longer upper jaw (28.6-34.9% HL, mean = 32.1 vs. 25.4-29.1% HL, mean = 26.8). Finally,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
smaller than 163.5mm SL can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by a smaller "preanal length / lower jaw" ratio (PreA/LJ: 6.33-7.44 vs. 9.24-9.97) and a larger "pectoral fin 2 length / length of the depressed anterior part of the dorsal fin" ratio (PecF2/DFAd: 0.81-1.06 vs. 0.78-0.8). With the full size range of Lake Brienz specimens,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the smaller "predorsal length / lower jaw" ratio (PreD/LJ: 3.99-4.68 vs. 5.6-6.81), "erected anterior part of the dorsal fin / upper jaw" ratio (DFAe/UJ: 2.14-2.79 vs. 3.25-4.1), "head depth / upper jaw" (HD/UJ: 1.87-2.2 vs. 2.38-2.78) and a larger "lower jaw / interorbital width" ratio (LJ/IOW: 1.53-1.99 vs. 1.33-1.57). (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of C. albellus Fatio, 1890 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 816.022 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 34 from Lake Thun and N = 32 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F">3</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological and meristic data of C. alpinus Fatio 1885 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 717.045 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 21 from Lake Thun and N = 9 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6">4</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
|
|
In Lake Thun
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can further be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a less deep caudal peduncle (6.4-7.9% SL, mean = 7.1 vs. 7.6-8.9% SL, mean = 8.2) and a longer upper jaw (28.8-34.7% HL, mean = 31.2 vs. 24.3-30.1% HL, mean = 27.7). Based on pigmentation of the fins
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Lake Thun by having translucent to weakly pigmented fins compared to strongly pigmented fins, respectively. In Lake Thun
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can further be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the smaller "caudal peduncle depth / upper jaw length" ratio (CD/UJ: 0.96-1.29 vs. 1.36-1.65) and "caudal peduncle depth / dorsal head length" ratio (CD/DHL: 0.44-0.54 vs. 0.54-0.62) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of C. albellus Fatio, 1890 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 816.022 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 34 from Lake Thun and N = 32 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F">3</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological and meristic data of C. alpinus Fatio 1885 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 717.045 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 21 from Lake Thun and N = 9 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6">4</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">
|
|
In Lake Brienz
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a larger head (16.1-23% SL, mean = 17.9, vs. 14.5-16.8% SL, mean = 15.7), a larger eye and eye cavity (eye diameter: 26.1-32% HL, mean = 29.4 vs. 21.2-27.6% HL, mean = 24.8; eye cavity: 30.4- 36.8% HL, mean = 33.3 vs. 25.3-33% HL, mean = 29; eye height: 26.5-30.6% HL, mean = 28.7 vs. 22.1-26.3% HL, mean = 24.4), a longer maxilla (22.6-26.9% HL, mean = 24.7 vs. 18.7-24.2% HL, mean = 21.7) and longer gill rakers (middle gill raker: 13.7-19.4% HL, mean = 16.5 vs. 10.5-15% HL, mean = 13.2; longest gill raker: 14.9-21.8% HL, mean = 18.2 vs. 12.3-16.4% HL, mean = 14.3). Based on ratios
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
smaller than 163.5 mm SL can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="12" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="91">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by a larger "pectoral fin 2 length / preanal length" ratio (PecF2/PreA: 0.22-0.28 vs. 0.2-0.22), "upper jaw length / eye socket width" ratio (UJ/ES: 6.81-12.42 vs. 4.51-6.15) and "eye socket width / head length" ratio (ES/HL: 0.27-0.31 vs. 0.23-0.27). With the full-size range of Lake Brienz specimens (100-290 mm),
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="92" start="start">C</pageBreakToken>
|
|
. albellus
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by a smaller "prepelvic length / eye height" ratio (PreP/EH: 6.56-7.98 vs. 8.94-11.43) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of C. albellus Fatio, 1890 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 816.022 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 34 from Lake Thun and N = 32 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" tableUuid="1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F">3</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphological and meristic data of C. fatioi Kottelat, 1997 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 809.059 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 30 from Lake Thun and N = 30 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" tableUuid="D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63">5</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
In Lake Thun
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by its live colouration above the lateral line on the dorsum ranging from a pale rose to a pale brown compared to a light to dark green colouration in
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="fatioi">C. fatioi</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="albellus">C. albellus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
can further be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having no or few small pigmented dots on the edge of the scales or on the boundary of two scales on the flank and dorsum compared to moderate or many dots on the flanks and dorsum in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Lake Brienz differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a longer longest gill raker (14.9-21.8% HL, mean = 18.2 vs. 12.1-16.8% HL, mean = 14.7), a longer maxilla (22.6-26.9% HL, mean = 24.7 vs. 15.4-24% HL, mean = 21), anterior a longer dorsal fin (anterior dorsal fin erected: 17.3-24.7% SL, mean = 19.7 vs. 15.5- 19.8% SL, mean = 17.9; anterior dorsal fin depressed: 18.3-26.6% SL, mean = 20.6 vs. 15.3-20.8% SL, mean = 18.6), a longer head (16.1-23.1% SL, mean = 17.9 vs. 14.6-16.8% SL, mean = 15.6) and a larger eye and eye cavity (eye diameter: 26.1-32% HL, mean = 29.3 vs. 23.1-28.3% HL, mean = 25.3; eye height: 26.5-30.6% HL, mean = 28.7 vs. 22-27.2% HL, mean = 24.4; eye cavity: 30.4-36.8% HL, mean = 33.3 vs. 25.6- 32.9% HL, mean = 29). Based on ratios
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
smaller than 163.5 mm SL can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by a larger "maxilla length / eye socket width" ratio (M/ES: 5.35-9.76 vs. 3.31-4.37), "pectoral fin 2 length / predorsal length" ratio (PecF2/PreD: 0.36-0.45 vs. 0.29-0.32), "lower jaw length / eye socket width" ratio (LJ/ES: 9.62-17.28 vs. 6.01-6.49) and a smaller "predorsal length / lower jaw length" ratio (PreD/LJ: 3.99-4.68 vs. 5.05-5.57). With the full size range (100-290 mm) of Lake Brienz specimens,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by a larger "eye height / head length" ratio (EH/HL: 0.27-0.31 vs. 0.22-0.27) and a smaller "predorsal length / eye height" ratio (PreD/EH: 6.1-7.58 vs. 8.12-10.32) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of C. albellus Fatio, 1890 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 816.022 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 34 from Lake Thun and N = 32 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" tableUuid="1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F">3</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Morphological and meristic data of C. brienzii from Lake Brienz, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077126, female, holotype; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and the mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3F09C0D4D50120FF0D8282FFA926D77B" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" tableUuid="3F09C0D4D50120FF0D8282FFA926D77B">7</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus steinmanni" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Coregonus steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Lake Thun can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a longer longest gill raker (14.1-20.3% HL, mean = 17.2 vs. 10-14.4% HL, mean = 12.1), a longer maxilla (20.1-26.8% HL, mean = 22.4 vs. 18.1-21.8% HL, mean = 19.7), a less deep caudal peduncle (6.4-7.9% SL, mean = 7.1 vs. 7.5-8.6% SL, mean = 8.0) and a deeper adipose fin (4.5-7.7% SL, mean = 5.8 vs. 3.7-5.4% HL, mean = 4.5). Based on ratios
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by a smaller "caudal peduncle depth / upper jaw length" ratio (CD/UJ: 0.96-1.29 vs. 1.36-1.55) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of C. albellus Fatio, 1890 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 816.022 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 34 from Lake Thun and N = 32 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" tableUuid="1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F">3</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological and meristic data of C. steinmanni from Lake Thun, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077219, female, holotype from Lake Thun; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" tableUuid="ADDFF11237998190B234A9B125E57B70">6</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus profundus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Coregonus profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Lake Thun differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having more and longer gill rakers (upper arch gill raker number: 9-17, mode = 13 vs. 5-10, mode = 9; lower arch gill raker number: 20-28, mode = 24 vs. 10-18, mode = 14; total number of gill rakers: 32-44, mode = 38 vs. 15-27, mode = 21; middle gill raker length: 11.7- 18.3% HL, mean = 15.6 vs. 7.6-11.7% HL, mean = 9.2; longest gill raker length:
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="93" start="start">14.1</pageBreakToken>
|
|
-20.3% HL, mean = 17.2 vs. 7.8-12.4% HL, mean = 10.1). Based on ratios
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by a larger "caudal peduncle length / eye cavity length" ratio (CL/EC: 1.97-2.87 vs. 1.56-2.09) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of C. albellus Fatio, 1890 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 816.022 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 34 from Lake Thun and N = 32 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F">3</tableCitation>
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|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Morphological and meristic data of C. profundus from Lake Thun, NMBE- 1077208, male, holotype; paratypes N = 27. For ranges of males and for both sexes, the total range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593">8</tableCitation>
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|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
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|
).
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus acrinasus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Coregonus acrinasus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
</emphasis>
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Thun can be distinguished from
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|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
by having a deeper adipose fin (4.5-7.7% SL, mean = 5.8 vs. 3.7-6.2% SL, mean = 4.7), a thinner eye socket (ES: 2-4.9% HL, mean = 3.2 vs. 3.2-6.4% HL, mean = 4.7) and a longer longest gill raker (14.1-20.3% HL, mean = 17.2 vs. 11.4-16.9% HL, mean = 14.5) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of C. albellus Fatio, 1890 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 816.022 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 34 from Lake Thun and N = 32 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F">3</tableCitation>
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,
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|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="T9" captionText="Table 9. Morphological and meristic data of C. acrinasus from Lake Thun, NMBE- 1077271, male, holotype; paratypes N = 25. For males and for both sexes, the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/630F49D117E098C3FF92B828F712F7B9" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="630F49D117E098C3FF92B828F712F7B9">9</tableCitation>
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).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
|
|
General appearance is shown in Figure 4. Morphological and meristic characters of both sexes can be found in Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of C. albellus Fatio, 1890 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 816.022 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 34 from Lake Thun and N = 32 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="1551EBD504237535744FB1F4DBD5484F">3</tableCitation>
|
|
and Suppl. material 1: Table S6 and first- and second-best ratios for both sexes combined can be found in Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
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,
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|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
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. The description is valid for both sexes and both lakes; differences between the populations of lakes Thun and Brienz are mentioned.
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
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|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Shape</emphasis>
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|
: Body elongate, slender. Greatest body depth anterior of the dorsalfin. Ventral profile and dorsal profile similar and slightly arched. Dorsal and ventral profile from tip of snout to interorbital mostly straight and then slightly convex to dorsal and pelvic fin origin respectively. Head long. Snout often 40-50° angle to the body axis anterior of the eye, such that the profile from the tip of the snout to the vertical projection where the anterior part of the eye crosses the dorsal profile is straight and afterwards slightly convex. Mouth (i.e., width of upper and lower jaw) wide, long and often terminal and only rarely slightly sub-terminal. Snout mostly wider than deep, not strongly pronounced, since the tip of the snout is often fleshy and roundish. Large eye, which is more pronounced in specimens from Lake Brienz. Individuals from both lakes have a thin and roundish eye-socket from the middle to the outer margins. Pectoral fin long and moderately tapered. Anterior unbranched ray of the erected dorsal fin range from almost vertically straight to an approx. 70-80° angle to body axis and only bent slightly posteriorly at the end of the ray. Caudal peduncle narrow and elongated with caudal fin forked and sometimes moderately to strongly asymmetrical with either the ventral or dorsal part being longer. Unbranched ray of anal fin straight and rarely bent posteriorly at the end of the ray. Anal fin longest anteriorly and progressively shortening posteriorly with the outer margin of the anal fin slightly concave.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
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|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Meristics</emphasis>
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|
: Many and long gill rakers.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Colour</emphasis>
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|
: Pigmentation of fins and body overall weak in live specimens. In specimens from Lake Thun the pectoral fin is translucent, sometimes yellowish with faint pigmentation at the median to distal parts of the fin. Pelvic fin is translucent and only weakly to moderately pigmented. Dorsal, adipose, anal and caudal fins are moderately pigmented. In specimens from Lake Brienz all fins are translucent, with the dorsal, anal and caudal fins sometimes showing some very faint pigmentation. In both lakes fish have a silvery appearance along the flanks and dorsally above the lateral line the silvery appearance changes to a pale rose colouration (e.g., RGB (247, 187, 175)) and then to a pale brown (e.g., RGB (230, 202, 110)). In specimens from Lake Thun the flanks very rarely have few pigmented small dots on the scales. Distribution of dots are bound
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="94" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
|
the scale patterning (i.e., at the edge of the scales or at the boundary point of two scales. In specimens from Lake Brienz the upper dorsum ranges from pale brown (e.g., RGB (230, 202, 110)) to a light green colouration (e.g., RGB (136, 245, 205)) and sometimes has pigmented dots more or less in a row on the upper dorsum that are rather large ("cheetah look") (Suppl. material 1: Figure S7). Distribution of the dots not restricted to the scale patterning (i.e., at the edge of the scales or at the boundary point of two scales), as can be found for the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. For a comparison to the main colouration found in the other species see Suppl. material 1: Figure S8. Dorsal part of head of specimens of Lake Brienz is weakly pigmented, whereas that of specimens from Lake Thun is moderately pigmented. Snout around the nostrils is weakly (Lake Brienz) to moderately (Lake Thun) pigmented with a gap of little pigmentation posteriorly of the nostrils up to the height of the middle of the eyes. Operculum and pre-operculum are silvery with one black dot on the lower margin of the pre-operculum. Preserved specimens are pale in colouration with similar pigmentation as described for live specimens. The silvery,translucent,not coloured or unpigmented parts of the body become brown-yellowish (e.g., RGB (239, 210, 40)), whereas the pigmented parts are conserved and the coloured parts (dorsally above the lateral line) become brownish (e.g., RGB (186, 140, 100)).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="94">Distribution and notes on biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is found in the lakes Thun (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
) and Brienz (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.95">7°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
) that are connected by the short river
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bödeli">Boedeli</normalizedToken>
|
|
Aare at Interlaken. It is believed to have been endemic to these lakes yet,individual fish have been caught in Lake Biel (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="47.083332">47°05'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.1666665">7°10'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
) in recent years (since 2005), after it was artificially connected with Lake Thun through the river Aare during the Jura water correction project dating back to 1868-1878. Individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were first identified by local fishermen and fisherwomen, which reported that they had caught small, ripe fish during the summer months (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The native whitefish species of Lake Biel only spawn in the winter months (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B18" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [22, 23 pls]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [22, 23 pls]" year="1885">Fatio 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" author="Rufli, H" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="7 - 31" refId="B54" refString="Rufli, H, 1978. Die heutigen sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner- und Bielersees und ihre Morphologie. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 40: 7 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" title="Die heutigen sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner- und Bielersees und ihre Morphologie." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" volume="40" year="1978">Rufli 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Genetic analysis has shown that these summer-ripe individuals belong to the species
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). We show for two ripe specimens caught in summer in Lake Biel, genetically assigned based on the assignment method of
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. (2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with 84% and 94% probability, that they can also be assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on their morphology (gill raker number, morphological characters) (Suppl. material 1: Figure S9). The species may have established an independent population in Lake Biel, since ripe fish have now been caught for several years in reasonable numbers during the usual spawning period known for this species from Lake Thun (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Auftraggeber: Amt fuer Landwirtschaft und Natur, Fischereiinspektorat, Kanton Bern" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B61" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, 2018. Standardisierte Befischung Bielersee Resultate der Erhebungen vom September 2017. Aquabios GmbH. Auftraggeber: Amt fuer Landwirtschaft und Natur, Fischereiinspektorat, Kanton Bern" title="Standardisierte Befischung Bielersee Resultate der Erhebungen vom September 2017. Aquabios GmbH." year="2018">
|
|
Vonlanthen and
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Périat">Periat</normalizedToken>
|
|
2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
feeds predominantly on zooplankton (stomach content for Lake Brienz:
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; isotopic signature for both lakes:
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Selz, OM" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B56" refString="Selz, OM, 2008. Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L.)) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B.Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." title="Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L. )) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B. Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." year="2008">Selz 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B25" refString="Hudson, AG, 2011. Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2011">Hudson 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and has a slow growth rate (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
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|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Bittner et al. unpublished). The gill raker number and length of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="94">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(many and long gill rakers) also suggests that, based on the functional properties of the number of gill rakers (experimentally tested with specimens of this species and other whitefish species from lakes Thun and Lucerne) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" author="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="483 - 498" refId="B41" refString="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Matthews, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 483 - 498, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" title="Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" volume="26" year="2013">Lundsgaard-Hansen et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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|
; Roesch
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="95" start="start">et</pageBreakToken>
|
|
al. 2013), that
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
feeds predominantly on zooplankton. Habitat-stratified random sampling of lakes Thun (mid-October 2013:
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B63" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Doenz, C, Hellmann, J, Alexander, TJ, Seehausen, O, 2015. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee. Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee." year="2015">Vonlanthen et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and Brienz (mid-September 2011: Vonlanthen et al. 2013) show for a snapshot of a few months in summer, that
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Lake Thun occupies the moderately shallow to the deepest benthic waters (approx. 30-217 m;
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 29) and the moderately shallow to moderately deep pelagic waters (approx. 10-70 m;
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 44) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In Lake Brienz
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occupies the very shallow (few meters) to the deepest waters (260 m) of the benthic habitat (
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 78) and the very shallow to the deeper waters of the pelagic habitat (few meters down to approx. 60 m and exceptionally down to 130 m;
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 47) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It is to note that the habitat-stratified random sampling data for both lakes only covers a short period of time (one month in late summer) and it is thus not clear how the species are distributed spatially through the rest of the year. Furthermore, the habitat-stratified random sampling in both lakes did not distinguish between ripe and unripe specimens, and thus in the case of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the distribution pattern along the depth in the benthic zone is biased by the spawning aggregation of this species since the sampling period in both lakes coincides with the main spawning season of this species. Most of the whitefish that were phenotypically assigned as
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and that were caught in deeper waters during habitat stratified sampling of lakes Brienz and Thun were ripe (PV pers. obs.). In Lake Thun
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
phenotypically resembles
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and to some extent
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Interestingly,
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
already mentioned for Lake Thun that
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Steinmann, 1950:
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
|
|
L. nat. arurenis
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">oekot. nanus</emphasis>
|
|
; common name: "Zwergalbock" or "Brienzlig") resembles morphologically
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Steinmann, 1950:
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
|
|
L. nat. arurenis
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">oekot. pelagicus</emphasis>
|
|
; common name: "Schwebalbock" or "Albock"). The average size (total length) at 3 years of age for specimens in this study is 258
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
13 mm (mean and standard deviation, N = 9) and 152
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
8 mm (N = 14) for lakes Thun and Brienz, respectively (Suppl. material 1: Figures S4-S6). In Lake Brienz the size of 3-year old specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is considerably smaller than that of the other three whitefish species (
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), whereas in Lake Thun it is similar to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Suppl. material 1: Figure S6) and smaller than that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus albellus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Coregonus albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a long spawning season with two peaks. The main spawning peak is in late summer/early autumn from August to October (Locally known as "Sommer-Brienzlig") and the second peak is in early to late winter from December to March (locally known as "Winter-Brienzlig") (Suppl. material 1: Figure S3;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Spawning depth varies with spawning season and can range from approx. 30 m to max. lake depth at 217 m in Lake Thun and approx. 50 m to max. lake depth at 261 m in Lake Brienz (Suppl. material 1: Figure S3;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The spawning season and depth of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
partially overlaps with that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Lake Thun and with that of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Lake Brienz.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" type="common names">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Common names.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
|
|
Brienzlig, Brienzling; often the time of the year the fish is caught on the spawning grounds is added to the name and shows that this species has a very wide spawning season: Sommer-Brienzlig (for summer) or Winter-Brienzlig (for win
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="96" start="start">ter</pageBreakToken>
|
|
). This species was historically known by local fishermen and fisherwomen as white whitefish (German: "Weissfelchen", but also Albele and Albuli). The common name for this species today is Brienzling which has an ending that is known as a diminutive suffix.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |