332 lines
41 KiB
XML
332 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" ID-PMC="PMC5523356" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" ID-PubMed="28769729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149788" ID-ZooBank="D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-51" checkinTime="1502744546974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Anzaldo, Salvatore S." docDate="2017" docId="CC9FE4B471C93AF0623E2A7D9A494CA6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 51-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docPubDate="2017-07-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" docTitle="Pseudopiazurus Heller 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" masterDocTitle="Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668164589837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Anzaldo, Salvatore S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 - 4501, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sanzaldo@asu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-07-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>683</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-683-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1149788</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649121" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC9FE4B471C93AF0623E2A7D9A494CA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC9FE4B471C93AF0623E2A7D9A494CA6" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName LSID="CC9FE4B4-71C9-3AF0-623E-2A7D9A494CA6" authority="Heller, 1906: 32" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudopiazurus Heller, 1906: 32</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Figs 22</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 37–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 37 - 45. Variation in eye shape. 37 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with large, subcontiguous eyes that continue below rostral insertion 38 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with relatively small, widely separated eyes 39 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000658] with widely separated eyes and the frons concave between the upper half of the eye 40 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with very large eyes that are contiguous in upper half 41 Pseudopinarus guyanensis [ASUHIC 0086636] with large, subcontiguous eyes and an arcuate carina on the vertex of the head 42 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a lanceolate space 43 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] 44 Macrocopturus lynceus [SSAC 0001085] with very large, partially contiguous eyes 45 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000802] with large eyes contiguous in the bottom 2 / 3 and widely separated at the top." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures37–45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143829" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">, 40</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 55–66" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 55 - 66. Miscellaneous morphological structures. 55 Hoplocopturus sulphureus [ARTSYS 0000801] with an overlay showing an elongate second funicular article that is more than twice the length of the first 56 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001064] with an overlay showing a second funicular article that is subequal to the first, and seven distinct funicular articles 57 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing a funiculus composed of six articles 58 Microzurus sp. [SSAC 0001290] showing a short, slender fifth tarsal article and minute claws 59 Philides comans [ARTSYS 0000804] with a broad tooth at the base of the tarsal claw 60 Left metafemoral apex of Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] that is unarmed at the mesal and lateral faces 61 Left metafemoral apex of Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a tooth only at the mesal face 62 Left metafemoral apex of Peltophorus polymitus seminiveus [SSAC 0001117] showing a small tooth at both mesal and lateral faces 63 Left metafemoral apex of Hoplocopturus sulphureus [ARTSYS 0000801] showing a small tooth at the lateral face and an acuminate process at the mesal face 64 Metaventrite of Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [SSAC 0001291] showing deep, arcuate sulc 65 Lateral view of the metathorax of Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] showing a large tubercle in anterior to the metacoxa 66 Dorsal view of the profemora of Copturomimus caeruleotinctus [SSAC 0001059] showing denuded, striolate regions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures55–66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143835" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">, 64</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 71–74" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 71 - 74. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Piazurini, Othippiini and Lechriopini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified 71 a-b Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627]; scale bars = 5 mm 72 a-b Pseudopinarus condyliatus [ASUHIC 0086626]; scale bar for 72 a = 1 mm 73 a-b Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] 74 a-b Copturomimus cinereus [ASUHIC 0086628]." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures71–74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143832" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">, 71</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Piazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurus obesus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Piazurus obesus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Boheman, 1838 [by subsequent designation:
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<bibRefCitation author="Rheinheimer, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" refId="B137" refString="Rheinheimer, J, 2011. Les Conoderinae de Guyane (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Coleopteres de Guyane. Tome IV: 65-88." title="Les Conoderinae de Guyane (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Coleopteres de Guyane. Tome IV: 65 - 88." year="2011">Rheinheimer 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 76].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="gender">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Gender.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Masculine.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures71–74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143832" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" start="Figures 71–74" startId="F8">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Figures 71-74.</emphasis>
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Lateral and dorsal habitus images of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Piazurini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Piazurini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Morimoto" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Othippiini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Othippiini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Othippiini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriopini</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">71a-b</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centraliamericanus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[ASUHIC0086627]; scale bars = 5 mm
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">72a-b</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus condyliatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="condyliatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus condyliatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[ASUHIC0086626]; scale bar for
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">72a</emphasis>
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= 1 mm
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">73a-b</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Acoptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acoptus suturalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suturalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Acoptus suturalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[ASUHIC0016914]
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">74a-b</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" genus="Copturomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturomimus cinereus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Copturomimus cinereus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[ASUHIC0086628].
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centraliamericanus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Heller, 1906), the only recorded Central American species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopiazurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, can be separated from other Central American piazurines by the deep U-shaped depression on the first abdominal ventrite (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 55–66" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 55 - 66. Miscellaneous morphological structures. 55 Hoplocopturus sulphureus [ARTSYS 0000801] with an overlay showing an elongate second funicular article that is more than twice the length of the first 56 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001064] with an overlay showing a second funicular article that is subequal to the first, and seven distinct funicular articles 57 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing a funiculus composed of six articles 58 Microzurus sp. [SSAC 0001290] showing a short, slender fifth tarsal article and minute claws 59 Philides comans [ARTSYS 0000804] with a broad tooth at the base of the tarsal claw 60 Left metafemoral apex of Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] that is unarmed at the mesal and lateral faces 61 Left metafemoral apex of Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a tooth only at the mesal face 62 Left metafemoral apex of Peltophorus polymitus seminiveus [SSAC 0001117] showing a small tooth at both mesal and lateral faces 63 Left metafemoral apex of Hoplocopturus sulphureus [ARTSYS 0000801] showing a small tooth at the lateral face and an acuminate process at the mesal face 64 Metaventrite of Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [SSAC 0001291] showing deep, arcuate sulc 65 Lateral view of the metathorax of Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] showing a large tubercle in anterior to the metacoxa 66 Dorsal view of the profemora of Copturomimus caeruleotinctus [SSAC 0001059] showing denuded, striolate regions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures55–66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143835" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">64</figureCitation>
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; also found in a few
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but when present in that genus there is always also present the arcuate carina on the vertex of the head which is never found in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopiazurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the large subapical premucro of the metatibia (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">22</figureCitation>
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; but also at least in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus guyanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyanensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus guyanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hustache, 1938), the absent premucro at the protibial apex (also in species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the very large, ovoid, contiguous eyes (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 37–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 37 - 45. Variation in eye shape. 37 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with large, subcontiguous eyes that continue below rostral insertion 38 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with relatively small, widely separated eyes 39 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000658] with widely separated eyes and the frons concave between the upper half of the eye 40 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with very large eyes that are contiguous in upper half 41 Pseudopinarus guyanensis [ASUHIC 0086636] with large, subcontiguous eyes and an arcuate carina on the vertex of the head 42 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a lanceolate space 43 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] 44 Macrocopturus lynceus [SSAC 0001085] with very large, partially contiguous eyes 45 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000802] with large eyes contiguous in the bottom 2 / 3 and widely separated at the top." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures37–45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143829" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">40</figureCitation>
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), and the large, deep, ovoid punctures of the elytral striae (but also found in some
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Cratosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cratosomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Cratosomus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
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First described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heller, KM" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="54" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 50" refId="B57" refString="Heller, KM, 1906. Neue Ruesselkaefer aus Central- und Suedamerika. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 67 (1): 1 - 50" title="Neue Ruesselkaefer aus Central- und Suedamerika." volume="67" year="1906">Heller (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
along with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Piazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Piazurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As documented by Champion (1906: 18), after the subgenus was first introduced in the key the name was erroneously switched with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopiazurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is given under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heller, KM" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="54" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 50" refId="B57" refString="Heller, KM, 1906. Neue Ruesselkaefer aus Central- und Suedamerika. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 67 (1): 1 - 50" title="Neue Ruesselkaefer aus Central- und Suedamerika." volume="67" year="1906">Heller 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34). The catalog of South American species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wibmer, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 563" refId="B153" refString="Wibmer, GJ, O'Brien, CW, 1986. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number 39: 1 - 563" title="Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="39" year="1986">
|
||
Wibmer and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 262) makes a correction to the two species given for Central America by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="O'Brien, CW" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 382" refId="B122" refString="O'Brien, CW, Wibmer, GJ, 1982. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 34: 1 - 382" title="Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="34" year="1982">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Wibmer (1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 160), which overlooked an error by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hustache, A" editor="Schenkling, S" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, 136" pageId="56" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B83" refString="Hustache, A, 1934. Curculionidae: Zygopinae. In: Schenkling, S, Ed., Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio. W. Junk, 136: 1 - 96" title="Curculionidae: Zygopinae." volumeTitle="Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio." year="1934">Hustache (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, leaving
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. centraliamericanus" order="Violales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="centraliamericanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">P. centraliamericanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the only species known from Central America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Keys" lsidName="Keys" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">Keys</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300045247" author="Marshall, GAK" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" refId="B108" refString="Marshall, GAK, 1922. Some injurious Neotropical weevils. Bulletin of Entomological Research 13(1) 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300045247" title="Some injurious Neotropical weevils. Bulletin of Entomological Research 13 (1) 59 - 71." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300045247" year="1922">Marshall (1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 69),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fiedler, C" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt" pageId="54" pageNumber="105" pagination="7 - 36" refId="B43" refString="Fiedler, C, 1936. Bestimmungstabelle der Gattung Piazurus Schoenh. (Col. Curc. Zygopidae). Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt 1: 7 - 36" title="Bestimmungstabelle der Gattung Piazurus Schoenh. (Col. Curc. Zygopidae)." volume="1" year="1936">Fiedler 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heller, KM" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="54" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 50" refId="B57" refString="Heller, KM, 1906. Neue Ruesselkaefer aus Central- und Suedamerika. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 67 (1): 1 - 50" title="Neue Ruesselkaefer aus Central- und Suedamerika." volume="67" year="1906">Heller 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34 (under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in error) also contain keys to species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="phylogenetic relationships">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
|
||
This genus is most similar in overall appearance to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Piazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Piazurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above), but the genus as a whole is incompletely distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by obvious characters with the exception of the much larger eyes, usually larger and more ascending mesepipleura, and absent ventral profemoral tooth of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopiazurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- the deep arcuate sulci of the first ventrite in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopiazurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g. in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus quadratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Champion, 1906); the mesal process of the procoxae is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centraliamericanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but present in the South American
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsham" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus spiniventris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniventris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopiazurus spiniventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Marshall, 1922 as well as in many
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the subapical premucro of the metatibia is also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus guyanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus guyanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite the overlap in these characters,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopinarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pseudopinarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is interpreted here as more closely related to the South American
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Piazolechriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazolechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Piazolechriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pinarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pinarus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Pinarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1870" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Hedycera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hedycera" order="Guttiferales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Hedycera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Host associations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
|
||
R.S.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm125165197-1" author="Anderson, RS" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="51" pageNumber="102" pagination="197 - 232" refId="B2" refString="Anderson, RS, 1993. Weevils and plants: phylogenetic versus ecological mediation of evolution of host plant associations in Curculioninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 165: 197 - 232, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm125165197-1" title="Weevils and plants: phylogenetic versus ecological mediation of evolution of host plant associations in Curculioninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm125165197-1" volume="165" year="1993">Anderson (1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 218) lists
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1870" family="Guttiferae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Guttiferae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Juss. (=
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1870" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Guttiferales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lindl.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300045247" author="Marshall, GAK" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" refId="B108" refString="Marshall, GAK, 1922. Some injurious Neotropical weevils. Bulletin of Entomological Research 13(1) 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300045247" title="Some injurious Neotropical weevils. Bulletin of Entomological Research 13 (1) 59 - 71." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300045247" year="1922">Marshall (1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 67) records the South American
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. obesus" order="Violales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="obesus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">P. obesus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. papayanus" order="Violales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="papayanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">P. papayanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Marshall, 1922)) as a borer of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“leaf-stems”">"leaf-stems"</normalizedToken>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="papaya" order="Violales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="papaya">papaya</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Caricaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dumort:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" genus="Carica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carica papaya" order="Violales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="papaya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Carica papaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="described species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Described species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">
|
||
One species is known from the focal region and three additional species are known exclusively from South America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wibmer, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 563" refId="B153" refString="Wibmer, GJ, O'Brien, CW, 1986. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number 39: 1 - 563" title="Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="39" year="1986">
|
||
Wibmer and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 262, including
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Costa-Lima, A da" journalOrPublisher="Serie Didatica" pageId="53" pageNumber="104" pagination="3 - 373" refId="B28" refString="Costa-Lima, A da, 1956. Insetos do Brasil. 10° Tomo, Coleopteros, 4.a e ultima parte. Escola Nacional de Agronomia. Serie Didatica 12: 3 - 373" title="Insetos do Brasil. 10 ° Tomo, Coleopteros, 4. a e ultima parte. Escola Nacional de Agronomia." volume="12" year="1956">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Costa-Lima’s">Costa-Lima's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1956
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 217) synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. papayanus" order="Violales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="papayanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">P. papayanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. obesus" order="Violales" pageId="16" pageNumber="67" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="obesus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="67">P. obesus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was either overlooked or disputed, as they are treated as separate by Wibmer and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="67" type="range">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Range.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="67">Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; South America.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |