340 lines
41 KiB
XML
340 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="A1A692268971F4C289097A2DFD2FA0B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="160062" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5194.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="583874cc-3ec3-4a2e-a0db-57a1b1aeb3b8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7156901" ID-ZooBank="A9099FEF-C7C5-4EB1-A9A5-48132BA3C8B2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1665139379125" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Opler, Paul A., Stout, Todd L., Back, Werner, Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2022" docId="265C87CE1107FFB9FF24C87EFA6FB091" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5194.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5194 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anthocharis lanceolata Lucas 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="525" masterDocId="DA65FFB61101FFBFFFB3C935FFEBB768" masterDocTitle="DNA barcodes reveal different speciation scenarios in the four North American Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) species groups" masterLastPageNumber="539" masterPageNumber="519" pageNumber="525" updateTime="1699389384263" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8702574941433EC1D79FBEC87CA184FA">DNA barcodes reveal different speciation scenarios in the four North American Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) species groups</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF50433A536AB028DDFE55662569CF50">Opler, Paul A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C58622C07506277A93A2928238C731F6">DepartmentofAgriculturalBiology, C. P. GilletteMuseum ofArthropodDiversity, ColoradoState University, FortCollins, CO 80523 - 1177 McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Diversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL 32611 - 2710</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CF93CFE6A097069D8D1A061D9B9FE4AE">Stout, Todd L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11D67E4AE72191EBCDD7FE528F4013C2">Back, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D849A27F5401ED564364F5BBB163EDFB">Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354 Freising, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="568096F7BED993E78B5CC9EE8F816455">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C2F8EE8E96EE05B9C9BB09A2588A7CE7">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390 - 9050 & Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development and Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390 - 9050</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DF0E71F9C4D8B649FF8360C4FC7DC21A">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0BB087FDB23C6836FFB701284CDED95">Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development and Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390 - 9050 & Qian. Cong @ UTSouthwestern. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8909 - 0414</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AC6C741D342949933E302D3D89807D74">Shen, Jinhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3CE1F136B4C428AD00AC72B35B9B9134">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390 - 9050 & Jinhui. Shen @ UTSouthwestern. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8395 - 7841</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0B9A8E9B7C8A5C5CB9B98A24107DD176">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8ECCEBC15F84BDBC7A0D2FA8747B300">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390 - 9050 & grishin @ chop. swmed. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4108 - 1153</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8479FFBF079136875CBBC8D8F371E190" type="email">grishin@chop.swmed.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0B82BD2CC7EA8EB01DAB38796C363FE8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A12C9412E02606FB1517621BF480230F">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="265C87CE1107FFB9FF24C87EFA6FB091" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7157862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202158304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7157862" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:265C87CE1107FFB9FF24C87EFA6FB091" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/265C87CE1107FFB9FF24C87EFA6FB091" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FF24C87EFB3EB60D" bold="true" box="[151,1237,331,358]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FF7CC87EFEA7B60E" ID-CoL="5VBY6" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[207,332,331,358]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FF7CC87EFEA7B60E" bold="true" box="[207,332,331,358]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">lanceolata</emphasis>
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group: deep barcode divergence with limited morphological divergence.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="AE4A36D81107FFB9FF24C8A6FA77B416" blockId="6.[151,1437,403,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
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Traditionally considered the single species
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<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FD37C8A6FCF0B6C5" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[644,795,403,430]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FD37C8A6FD7EB6C5" box="[644,661,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FD16C8A6FCF0B6C5" box="[677,795,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">lanceolata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FC53C8A6FBA9B6C5" baseAuthorityName="F. Grinnell" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[992,1090,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FC53C8A6FBA9B6C5" box="[992,1090,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FBCFC8A6FAF2B6C5" authorityName="J. Emmel, T. Emmel, & Mattoon" authorityYear="1998" box="[1148,1305,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FBCFC8A6FAF2B6C5" box="[1148,1305,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">desertolimbus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FAEFC8A6FEF8B6B9" author="Comstock, J. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref8524" refString="Comstock, J. A. (1927) Butterflies of California. Self-published, Los Angeles, California, 334 pp., 63 color pls." type="book" year="1927">Comstock 1927</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FEADC882FE07B6B9" author="Emmel, J. F. & Emmel, T. C. & Mattoon, S. O." box="[286,492,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" pagination="825 - 836" refId="ref8983" refString="Emmel, J. F., Emmel, T. C. & Mattoon, S. O. (1998) A checklist of the butterflies and skippers of California. In: Emmel, T. C. (Ed.), Systematics of Western North American Butterflies. Mariposa Press, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 825 - 836." type="book chapter" year="1998">
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Emmel
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FEC7C88DFE40B6B9" box="[372,427,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">et al.</emphasis>
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1998
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FE45C882FD9CB6B9" author="Opler, P. A." box="[502,631,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref9911" refString="Opler, P. A. (1999) Field Guide to Western Butterflies. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts, 540 pp." type="book" year="1999">Opler 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FD32C882FCBAB6B9" author="Warren, A. D. & Davis, K. J. & Stangeland, E. M. & Pelham, J. P. & Grishin, N. V." box="[641,849,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref10709" refString="Warren, A. D., Davis, K. J., Stangeland, E. M., Pelham, J. P. & Grishin, N. V. (2021) Illustrated Lists of American Butterflies (North and South America). Available from: http: / butterfliesofamerica. com / L / Neotropical. htm (accessed 31 May 2021)" type="book" year="2021">
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Warren
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||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FD6BC88DFCE4B6B9" box="[728,783,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
), our results show a deep divergence between the CO I of
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<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FF7AC8EFFED4B69C" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[201,319,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FF7AC8EFFED4B69C" box="[201,319,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">lanceolata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
including the southern subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FD7EC8EEFC25B69C" baseAuthorityName="F. Grinnell" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[717,974,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lanceolata" subSpecies="australis">
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FD7EC8EEFC25B69C" box="[717,974,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. lanceolata australis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FBB4C8EEFB2FB69C" authorityName="J. Emmel, T. Emmel, & Mattoon" authorityYear="1998" box="[1031,1220,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">
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||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FBB4C8EEFBF3B69D" box="[1031,1048,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FB94C8EFFB2FB69C" box="[1063,1220,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">desertolimbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. These results corroborate
|
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<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FF48C8CBFE73B570" author="Back, W." box="[251,408,510,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" pagination="145 - 146" refId="ref8158" refString="Back, W. (2010) Zwei neue Schwesternarten der Gattung Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, Dumeril & Graslin, 1833: Anthocharis australis (F. Grinnell, 1908) stat. rev. und Anthocharis mandschurica (Bollow, 1930) stat. nov. sowie die Beschreibung von Anthocharis mandschurica nanjingensis subsp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 64, 145 - 146." type="journal article" year="2010">Back’s (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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||
species-level distinction by our detailed COI haplotype data.
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||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FBF4C8CBFAA6B570" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[1095,1357,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
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<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FBF4C8CBFAA6B570" box="[1095,1357,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Anthocharis lanceolata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
ranges from
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<geoCoordinate id="CBC1501F1107FFB9FF65CB17FED2B554" box="[214,313,546,572]" degrees="42" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" precision="55555" value="42.0">42°north</geoCoordinate>
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latitude in southern
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<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FD90CB17FD9CB554" box="[547,631,546,572]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FD35CB17FCDBB554" author="Dornfeld, E. J." box="[646,816,546,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref8887" refString="Dornfeld, E. J. (1980) The butterflies of Oregon. Timber Press, Forest Grove, Oregon, 276 pp." type="book" year="1980">Dornfeld 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FC8ECB17FC0DB554" author="Hinchliff, J." box="[829,998,546,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref9498" refString="Hinchliff, J. (1994) Atlas of Oregon Butterflies. Oregon State University bookstore, Corvallis, Oregon, 176 pp." type="book" year="1994">Hinchliff 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FC40CB16FB6DB555" author="Warren, A. D." box="[1011,1158,546,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref10665" refString="Warren, A. D. (2005) Butterflies of Oregon. Lepidoptera of North America 6, Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 404 pp." type="book" year="2005">Warren 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and thence south in the Cascade Province, Klamath Mountains, Trinity Alps, North Coast Ranges, Warner Mountains, and Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FA9ACB73FA94B508" box="[1321,1407,582,608]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FF24CB5CFEE7B5EB" box="[151,268,617,643]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Except for an unsubstantiated specimen from near Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa County (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FB60CB5CFA8CB5EC" author="Steiner, J." box="[1235,1383,617,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref10337" refString="Steiner, J. (1990) Bay Area butterflies: the distribution and natural history of San Francisco Region Rhopalocera. Unpublished Master of Science dissertation, California State University, Hayward, California, 301 pp." type="book" year="1990">Steiner 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the species is absent from the entire south coast range south of San Francisco Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FBA0CBB8FB6EB5CF" box="[1043,1157,653,679]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FB20CBB8FAC3B5CF" author="Steiner, J." box="[1171,1320,653,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref10337" refString="Steiner, J. (1990) Bay Area butterflies: the distribution and natural history of San Francisco Region Rhopalocera. Unpublished Master of Science dissertation, California State University, Hayward, California, 301 pp." type="book" year="1990">Steiner 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is found on the western slope of the Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FD1BCB84FD15B5A3" box="[680,766,689,715]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the Transition and Canadian life zones, where it overlaps both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FF7CCBE0FECBB586" baseAuthorityName="Stout" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[207,288,725,751]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sara">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FF7CCBE0FECBB586" box="[207,288,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. sara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FEE6CBE0FE4CB587" authorityName="W. H. Edwards" authorityYear="1872" box="[341,423,725,751]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julia">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FEE6CBE0FE4CB587" box="[341,423,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. julia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below). The species is also found sparingly along the lower eastern slope of the Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FF24CBCDFF06B47A" box="[151,237,760,786]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
from the Carson Range of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FDABCBCDFD85B47A" box="[536,622,760,786]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
and other locations in Mono and Inyo counties,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FB37CBCDFB1DB47A" box="[1156,1270,760,786]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(K. Davenport and J. Emmel, pers. comm.). Its southern terminus seems to be along the Kern River drainage of Tulare and Kern Counties (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FEBECA75FE31B432" author="Davenport, K. E." box="[269,474,832,858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref8627" refString="Davenport, K. E. (2004 b) Butterflies of Kern and Tulare Counties, California, revised. Lepidoptera of North America. Vol. 3. Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 124 pp." type="book" year="2004">Davenport 2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further south, the species continues as the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FBDACA75FB20B432" baseAuthorityName="F. Grinnell" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1129,1227,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FBDACA75FB20B432" box="[1129,1227,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Transverse Ranges in the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains of Los Angeles and San Bernardino County (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36CE2A5D1107FFB9FAADCA51FA64B416" box="[1310,1423,868,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[307,1317,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[270,1317,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 21. Distribution of Anthocharis lanceolata group, six-pointed stars—nominotypical lanceolata, yellow-filled circle—southern Sierra Nevada lanceolata and subspecies australis, orange-filled circles—desertolimbus and San Pedro Martir population." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7156913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7156913/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE4A36D81107FFB9FF74CAB2FC8DB358" blockId="6.[151,1437,403,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
|
||
The butterfly described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FE4CCABDFCD4B4C9" authorityName="Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon" authorityYear="1998" box="[511,831,903,930]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lanceolata" subSpecies="desertolimbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FE4CCABDFCD4B4C9" box="[511,831,903,930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. lanceolata desertolimbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which extends along the desert edge of the Laguna Mountains south into the arid eastern slope of the Sierra Juarez.(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FCF8CA9EFBA0B4AD" author="Emmel, T. C. & Emmel, J. F." box="[843,1099,939,965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref9049" refString="Emmel, T. C. & Emmel, J. F. (1973) The butterflies of southern California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series, 26, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1973">Emmel &Emmel 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),is a distinct species according to our DNA CO I result but genomic sequencing (Grishin lab, unpublished) reveals less genetic differentiation than usually observed for distinct species. A population in the Sierra San Pedro Martir of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FBF5CAC7FB18B364" box="[1094,1267,1010,1036]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Norte,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D6E276481107FFB9FAF4CAC7FA76B364" box="[1351,1437,1010,1036]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CBC1501F1107FFB9FF2CCD23FEE8B358" box="[159,259,1046,1072]" degrees="30" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" precision="55555" value="30.0">30°north</geoCoordinate>
|
||
latitude) is included with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FD9BCD23FD2EB358" authorityName="J. Emmel, T. Emmel, & Mattoon" authorityYear="1998" box="[552,709,1046,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FD9BCD23FD2EB358" box="[552,709,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">desertolimbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our results.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE4A36D81107FFB9FF74CD0FFD8FB38B" blockId="6.[151,1437,403,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FF74CD0FFEBCB33C" author="Back, W." box="[199,343,1082,1108]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" pagination="145 - 146" refId="ref8158" refString="Back, W. (2010) Zwei neue Schwesternarten der Gattung Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, Dumeril & Graslin, 1833: Anthocharis australis (F. Grinnell, 1908) stat. rev. und Anthocharis mandschurica (Bollow, 1930) stat. nov. sowie die Beschreibung von Anthocharis mandschurica nanjingensis subsp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 64, 145 - 146." type="journal article" year="2010">Back (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has suggested that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FDDDCD0FFCECB33C" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[622,775,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FDDDCD0FFCECB33C" box="[622,775,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group be considered as two species—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FB7ECD0FFAA8B33C" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[1229,1347,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FB7ECD0FFAA8B33C" box="[1229,1347,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FEABCD6BFDF9B310" authority="(F. Grinnell)" baseAuthorityName="F. Grinnell" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[280,530,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FEABCD6BFE91B310" box="[280,378,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">australis</emphasis>
|
||
(F. Grinnell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as opposed to the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FCDCCD6BFA77B310" authority="J. Emmel, T. Emmel and Mattoon" authorityName="J. Emmel, T. Emmel and Mattoon" box="[879,1436,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FCDCCD6BFBE7B310" box="[879,1036,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">desertolimbus</emphasis>
|
||
J. Emmel, T. Emmel and Mattoon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in the desert edge of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FDB9CDB4FD99B3F3" box="[522,626,1153,1179]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
Desert in San Diego County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FC66CDB4FBA2B3F3" box="[981,1097,1153,1179]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which Back considered as a separate species. His decision was based on some phenotypic differences between these populations together with some differences in mitochondrial genes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE4A36D81107FFB9FF74CDD8FE52B2D2" blockId="6.[151,1437,403,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Back’s description of these characters included large size of typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FC01CDD8FB9FB26F" authority="Lucas" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[946,1140,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FC01CDD8FBC3B26F" box="[946,1064,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
Lucas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with an extended forewing apex, lightening of forewing apical markings, a half-moon shaped black discal spot, and contrasting darkened veins on the ventral hindwing. These stand in contrast to smaller size of the more southern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FB4CCC01FA77B226" box="[1279,1436,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FB4CCC01FA77B226" box="[1279,1436,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">desertolimbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with its lack of extended forewing apex, darker apical forewing maculation, reduced discal black spot, and barely darkened ventral hindwing veins. In addition, Back found that the pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FBCFCC49FAD1B2FE" box="[1148,1338,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FBCFCC49FAD1B2FE" box="[1148,1338,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. desertolimbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack the scattered tiny black spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE4A36D81107FFB9FF74CCF6FBC3B1DD" blockId="6.[151,1437,403,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Additionally, there appear to be some larval differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FC13CCF1FBDEB2B5" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[928,1077,1475,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FC13CCF1FBDEB2B5" box="[928,1077,1475,1502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FA80CCF6FA7EB2B5" baseAuthorityName="F. Grinnell" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1331,1429,1475,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FA80CCF6FA7EB2B5" box="[1331,1429,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FF76CCDDFE94B169" box="[197,383,1511,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FF76CCDDFE94B169" box="[197,383,1511,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. desertolimbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In later instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FDFACCDDFD37B169" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[585,732,1511,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FDFACCDDFD37B169" box="[585,732,1511,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FC67CCD2FBDDB169" baseAuthorityName="F. Grinnell" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[980,1078,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FC67CCD2FBDDB169" box="[980,1078,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there are 6 shallow annulets per abdominal segment, whereas in late instar larvae of
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FD68CF39FC47B14D" box="[731,940,1547,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
|
||
A. l.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FCBCCF3EFC47B14D" box="[783,940,1547,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">desertolimbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
there are 7-8 deeper annulets per abdominal segment. Moreover, there seem to be minor color pattern differences in the advanced instar larvae. Larvae of all populations have a subspiracular lateral band of yellow subtended by white. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FB90CF61FB51B105" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[1059,1210,1619,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FB90CF61FB51B105" box="[1059,1210,1619,1646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FA80CF66FA7EB105" baseAuthorityName="F. Grinnell" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1331,1429,1619,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FA80CF66FA7EB105" box="[1331,1429,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both components of this band are relatively even in width throughout, whereas, in contrast, on late instar larvae of
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FF24CFA9FE82B1DD" box="[151,361,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
|
||
A. l.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FF7FCFAEFE82B1DD" box="[204,361,1691,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">desertolimbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the yellow portion of the band is uneven in width throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE4A36D81107FFB9FF74CFF5FB4AB049" blockId="6.[151,1437,403,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
|
||
An additional factor arguing for the distinctness of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FD4ECF8AFBC2B1B1" box="[765,1065,1727,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FD4ECF8AFBC2B1B1" box="[765,1065,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Anthocharis desertolimbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is its occurrence in low elevation desert-like habitats along the western Colorado Desert edge and Laguna Mountains of San Diego County, California and the eastern desert edge of the Sierra San Pedro Martir of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C31F83A1107FFB9FCF0CE32FC1BB049" box="[835,1008,1799,1825]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Norte,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D6E276481107FFB9FBF7CE32FB76B049" box="[1092,1181,1799,1825]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE4A36D81107FFB9FF74CE1EFA6FB091" blockId="6.[151,1437,403,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
|
||
Our thought on how to represent the taxonomic status of these named and un-named entities is that it may be an individual choice. Our perception of larval differences and CO I would lean toward treating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FB66CE65FA80B001" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[1237,1387,1871,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FB66CE65FA80B001" box="[1237,1387,1871,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FF24CE41FEBCB0E5" box="[151,343,1907,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desertolimbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FF24CE41FEBCB0E5" box="[151,343,1907,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. desertolimbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as separate species-level entities, whereas genomic results and the seeming clinal relationship of adult characters would lead one to treat all of these populations as conspecific. Occasional rare field-collected individuals appear to be intermediate between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FD18CE89FD15B0BD" baseAuthorityName="Stout" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[683,766,1980,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sara">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FD18CE89FD15B0BD" box="[683,766,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. sara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F54D5B1107FFB9FC84CE89FC25B0BD" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1852" box="[823,974,1979,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C81EACA1107FFB9FC84CE89FC25B0BD" box="[823,974,1979,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">A. lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FC6DCE8EFB7EB0BD" author="Comstock, J. A." box="[990,1173,1979,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" pagination="32 - 33" refId="ref8552" refString="Comstock, J. A. (1929) A new species or form of Anthocharis from California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 28 (2), 32 - 33, pl. 18." type="journal article" year="1929">Comstock 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FB11CE8EFA7CB0BD" author="Shields, O. A. & Mori, J." box="[1186,1431,1979,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref10182" refString="Shields, O. A. & Mori, J. (1979) Another Anthocharis lanceolata x sara hybrid. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 17 (1), 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1979">Shields & Mori 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA644B291107FFB9FF24CED5FEC6B092" author="Warren, A. D." box="[151,301,2015,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref10665" refString="Warren, A. D. (2005) Butterflies of Oregon. Lepidoptera of North America 6, Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 404 pp." type="book" year="2005">Warren 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We have not personally examined or sequenced these specimens and their barcodes are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |