230 lines
32 KiB
XML
230 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="18CE362871F486DB61F04E91CA71B6DD">A Review of the Genus Tiridates Stal (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea: Scutelleridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="48E2127C86B81BC5B0E494C1F2EBA6C3">Eger, J. E.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DB87E24173FF87FCE7C7900D4DF8CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785531" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235667509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785531" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87E24173FF87FCE7C7900D4DF8CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB87E24173FF87FCE7C7900D4DF8CE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
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<subSubSection id="C368657F4173FF81FCE7C7900E9EFE76" box="[889,1217,457,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF81FCE7C7900E9EFE76" blockId="2.[889,1217,457,496]" box="[889,1217,457,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FCE7C7900E9EFE76" authority="Stal 1867" authorityName="Staal" authorityYear="1867" box="[889,1217,457,496]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Tiridates
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FBBBC7900E9EFE76" author="STAL, C." box="[1061,1217,457,496]" journalOrPublisher="Akad. Forh." pageId="2" pageNumber="341" pagination="491 - 560" part="24" refId="ref5718" refString="STAL, C. 1867. Bidrag till Hemipterernas systematik. Ofv. Kongl. Svenska Vetens. - Akad. Forh. 24 (7): 491 - 560." title="Bidrag till Hemipterernas systematik. Ofv. Kongl. Svenska Vetens" type="journal article" year="1867">Stal 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C368657F4173FF81FEB4C4780C59FD2F" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF81FEB4C4780C59FD2F" blockId="2.[298,1808,545,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FEB4C478094AFDCE" authority="Stal, 1867, p. 494" authorityName="Staal" authorityPageNumber="494" authorityYear="1867" box="[298,789,545,584]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Tiridates
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FE42C47808CEFDCE" author="STAL, C." box="[476,657,545,584]" journalOrPublisher="Akad. Forh." pageId="2" pageNumber="341" pagination="491 - 560" part="24" refId="ref5718" refString="STAL, C. 1867. Bidrag till Hemipterernas systematik. Ofv. Kongl. Svenska Vetens. - Akad. Forh. 24 (7): 491 - 560." title="Bidrag till Hemipterernas systematik. Ofv. Kongl. Svenska Vetens" type="journal article" year="1867">Stal, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 494
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</taxonomicName>
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(keyed,
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FC24C4780F36FDCE" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[954,1385,545,584]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">Pachycoris rubrocinctus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FA52C4780C8FFDCE" box="[1484,1744,545,584]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicinctus">P. flavicinctus</taxonomicName>
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included);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FE64C40B08F5FDFE" author="STAL, C." box="[506,682,594,632]" journalOrPublisher="Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongl. Svenska Vetens. - Akad. Handl." pageId="2" pageNumber="341" pagination="1 - 232" part="9" refId="ref5750" refString="STAL, C. 1870. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongl. Svenska Vetens. - Akad. Handl. 9 (1): 1 - 232." title="Enumeratio Hemipterorum" type="journal article" year="1870">Stal, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 13-14;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FCC1C40B0E15FDFE" author="DISTANT, W. L." bookContentInfo="462 pp." box="[863,1098,594,632]" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Centrali-Americana. London, Vol. 1. xx" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" refId="ref5431" refString="DISTANT, W. L. 1880 - 1893. Insecta. Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. and 0. Salvin, [Eds.]. Biologia Centrali-Americana. London, Vol. 1. xx + 462 pp., 39 pis." title="Insecta. Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera" type="book" volumeTitle="Godman, F. D. and 0. Salvin" year="1880">Distant, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 18 (described, distribution); Schouteden, 1904, pp. 68-69 (described, keyed);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FBB7C4DA0F73FD2F" author="KIRKALDY, G. W." bookContentInfo="392 pp." box="[1065,1324,643,681]" journalOrPublisher="Berlin" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" refId="ref5549" refString="KIRKALDY, G. W. 1909. Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). Vol. I. Cimicidae. Berlin, xl + 392 pp." title="Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). Vol. I. Cimicidae" type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 278, 365.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C368657F4173FF81FEFDC4830E35F620" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF81FEFDC4830F11FC14" blockId="2.[295,1811,730,2954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Medium-large (10.8-14.8 long), elongate oval, strongly convex above and below; dorsal surface glabrous, punctation fine, moderately dense, most dense on head and anterior border of pronotum. Ventral punctation dense, coarse on head and pronotum, sparse medially on abdomen, becoming more dense laterally.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF81FEFBC5C20EAEFB33" blockId="2.[295,1811,730,2954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Head: convex, moderately declivent, gradually narrowing apically, apex narrowly rounded; lateral margins of juga sinuous, borders rounded. Tylus slightly surpassing juga; first antennal segment not reaching apex of head. First rostral segment longer than bucculae. Bucculae abruptly curving dorsad at posterior limit, rounded anteriorly. Antennae 5-segmented, arising midway down lateral surface of head and just anterior of eyes, terminal two segments not distinctly flattened.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF81FEFDC2E60960F9EA" blockId="2.[295,1811,730,2954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Thorax: anterior, anterolateral and posterior margins of pronotum slightly concave, posterolateral margins convex; small tooth present at each anterolateral angle; anterolateral margins rounded dorsoventrally, not compressed or carinate. Pronotum evenly rounded dorsally in lateral view. Prostethus entire. Tibiae sulcate. Ostiole arising nearer to metacoxae than to lateral margin of metapleuron. Ostiolar rugae auriculate, extending 1/3 or less of distance from ostiole to lateral margin of metapleuron, roughly 3 to 5 times as long as width of ostiole (Fig. 2). All sterna sulcate, rounded laterally, not distinctly carinate. Scutellum constricted basally; basal 1/2 to 1/3 of lateral margins of hemelytra exposed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF81FEFCC02C084CF8A9" blockId="2.[295,1811,730,2954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Abdomen: lateral margins of connexiva evenly rounded. Abdominal sternites with slight lateral submarginal impression; small rounded projection present laterally at posterior extremity of each segment. Striated area present on third to fifth visible abdominal sternites.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF81FEFCC1600806F7A7" blockId="2.[295,1811,730,2954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Pygophore concealed by sixth visible abdominal sternite, caudal face with distinct projection in lateral aspect (Fig. 12); each lateral wall of pygophore with bifurcate process, thecal plate attached to anterior arm of process (Fig. 11). Paramerehookshaped (Fig. 10). Theca with two elongate sclerotized processes; vesica elongate, finely spiculate (Fig. 8).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF81FEFBCE730E35F620" blockId="2.[295,1811,730,2954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">Sixth visible abdominal sternite expanded to conceal female genital plates, posterior margins of eighth and ninth paratergites narrowly exposed (Fig. 1). First gonocoxae bilobed, sclerotized posterior lobe narrow, elongate (Fig. 21); anterior lobe membranous with elongate sclerotized band along posterior margin. Ninth paratergites thin,moder ately elongate. Genital chamber with sclerotized groove and two large sclerotized plates on floor of genital chamber. Spermathecal duct with large spherical dilation; pump distinct, with well defined proximal and distal flanges; spermathecal bulb spherical, connected to pump by long stout duct (Fig. 26).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C368657F4173FF81FEB7CFF60E82F4DF" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF81FEB7CFF60E82F4DF" blockId="2.[295,1811,730,2954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
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Type Species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FD80CFF60F2DF653" authority="Herrich-Schaeffer, 1837" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[542,1394,2479,2517]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">
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Pachycoris rubrocinctus
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FC4FCFF60F2DF653" author="HERRICH-SCHAEFFER, G. A. W." box="[977,1394,2479,2517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref5529" refString="HERRICH-SCHAEFFER, G. A. W. 1837. Die Wanzenartigen Insekten. 4: 1 - 32." title="Die Wanzenartigen Insekten" type="book chapter" year="1837">Herrich-Schaeffer, 1837</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by subsequentdesignation (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FE19CF8608EFF580" author="ScHOUTEDEN, H." bookContentInfo="98 pp." box="[391,688,2527,2566]" journalOrPublisher="Wyts. Gen. Ins., fasc" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" refId="ref5604" refString="ScHOUTEDEN, H. 1904. Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Scutellerinae. Wyts. Gen. Ins., fasc. 24, 98 pp., 5 pis." title="Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Scutellerinae" type="book" year="1904">Schouteden 1904</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FD4FCF860984F580" author="KIRKALDY, G. W." bookContentInfo="392 pp." box="[721,987,2527,2566]" journalOrPublisher="Berlin" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" refId="ref5549" refString="KIRKALDY, G. W. 1909. Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). Vol. I. Cimicidae. Berlin, xl + 392 pp." title="Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). Vol. I. Cimicidae" type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy (1909)</bibRefCitation>
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also listed
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FB38CF860FE7F580" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[1190,1464,2527,2566]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">P. rubrocinctus</taxonomicName>
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as the type species (p. 278), but subsequently (p. 365) designated
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FBC6CC560FAFF5B0" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[1112,1520,2575,2614]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicinctus">Pachycoris flavicinctus</taxonomicName>
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Herrich-Schaeffer, 1837, as the type species.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FCDDCC190E1EF5E1" author="KIRKALDY, G. W." bookContentInfo="392 pp." box="[835,1089,2624,2663]" journalOrPublisher="Berlin" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" refId="ref5549" refString="KIRKALDY, G. W. 1909. Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). Vol. I. Cimicidae. Berlin, xl + 392 pp." title="Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). Vol. I. Cimicidae" type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy (1909</bibRefCitation>
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p. XXXIV) believed that
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81F98FCC190D4EF5E1" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[1553,1809,2624,2663]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicinctus">P. flavicinctus</taxonomicName>
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should be the type species because
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054173FF81FC2DCC290E33F511" author="STAL, C." box="[947,1132,2672,2711]" journalOrPublisher="Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongl. Svenska Vetens. - Akad. Handl." pageId="2" pageNumber="341" pagination="1 - 232" part="9" refId="ref5750" refString="STAL, C. 1870. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en foreteckning ofver alla hittils kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongl. Svenska Vetens. - Akad. Handl. 9 (1): 1 - 232." title="Enumeratio Hemipterorum" type="journal article" year="1870">Stal (1870)</bibRefCitation>
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doubted the specific distinction of
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81F974CC29085BF54E" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">P. rubrocinctus</taxonomicName>
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. However, at the time Stal described
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FB73CCF80FD7F54E" authorityName="Staal" authorityYear="1867" box="[1261,1416,2721,2760]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tiridates</taxonomicName>
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(1867), both P. rubrocinctus and
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FDAFCC880966F57E" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[561,825,2769,2808]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicinctus">P. flavicinctus</taxonomicName>
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were included and both are available to be the type species. Schouteden's designation of
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FC5CCD5B0E87F4AE" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[962,1240,2818,2856]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">P. rubrocinctus</taxonomicName>
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was the first valid designation making
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FE2ACD6A0899F4DF" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[436,710,2867,2905]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">P. rubrocinctus</taxonomicName>
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the type species of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C368657F4173FF87FEB4CD3B0826FDA7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44173FF87FEB4CD3B0826FDA7" blockId="2.[295,1811,730,2954]" lastBlockId="4.[301,1814,458,1175]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="2" pageNumber="341">
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Distribution:
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<taxonomicName id="4C724D774173FF81FD8BCD3B08EFF40C" authorityName="Staal" authorityYear="1867" box="[533,688,2914,2954]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tiridates</taxonomicName>
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ranges from northern Mexico (Tamaulipas), south to Guatemala and Nicaragua. It is generally uncommon in collections, most of the material examined being from Mexico.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C368657F4175FF87FEB0C4720C38FD35" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F44175FF87FEB0C4720C38FD35" blockId="4.[301,1814,458,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
Types: Dr. Martin Baehr of the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich has informed me that the Herrich-Schaeffer types for
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87FC25C4020CD0FD04" box="[955,1679,603,642]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87FC25C4020F0AFD04" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[955,1365,603,642]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicinctus">Pachycoris flavicinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87FAECC4020CDBFD04" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[1394,1668,603,642]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">P. rubrocinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87F973C4020BB6FD35" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87F973C4020BB6FD35" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">P. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could not be located and were probably destroyed by war action.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C368657F4175FF87FEB0C4E50E2CFBE1" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36F44175FF87FEB0C4E509A3FCC2" blockId="4.[301,1814,458,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
Comments: The female genitalia are unusual in
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87FBC3C4E50F5DFD65" box="[1117,1282,700,739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87FBC3C4E50EA8FD65" authorityName="Staal" authorityYear="1867" box="[1117,1271,700,739]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tiridates</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
having bilobed first gonocoxae and sclerotized plates on the floor of the genital chamber. Bilobed first gonocoxae are also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87FD89C54409A7FCC2" authority="(Scudder 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Scudder" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[535,1016,797,836]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Agonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87FD89C54408BCFCC2" box="[535,739,797,836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Agonosoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B054175FF87FC9EC54409AFFCC2" author="SCUDDER, G. G. E." box="[768,1008,797,836]" journalOrPublisher="Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" pagination="405 - 467" part="111" refId="ref5638" refString="SCUDDER, G. G. E. 1959. The female genitalia of the Heteroptera: morphology and bearing on classification. Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London 111: 405 - 467." title="The female genitalia of the Heteroptera: morphology and bearing on classification" type="journal article" year="1959">Scudder 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36F44175FF87FEF6C5140E2CFBE1" blockId="4.[301,1814,458,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87FDC6C51408ADFCF2" authorityName="Staal" authorityYear="1867" box="[600,754,845,884]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87FDC6C51408ADFCF2" box="[600,754,845,884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Tiridates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit considerable intra-specific variation in color patterns and few useful taxonomic characters other than the genitalia. Some color patterns were used in the following key and appeared to be consistent. However, dissection of genitalia is recommended for definitive determination of species. The male aedeagus is diagnostic. The sclerotized plates on the floor of the female genital chamber are somewhat variable, but are usually useful for recognition of species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C368657F4175FF87FEF6C2280F8FFB11" box="[360,1488,1137,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36F44175FF87FEF6C2280F8FFB11" blockId="4.[301,1814,458,1175]" box="[360,1488,1137,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
Virtually nothing is known of the biology of species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87FAB4C2280F8FFB11" box="[1322,1488,1137,1175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87FAB4C2280F93FB11" authorityName="Staal" authorityYear="1867" box="[1322,1484,1137,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tiridates</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C368657F4175FF87FCA9C2BF0D4DF8CE" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FFE361C54175FF87FCA9C2BF0D4DF8CE" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36F44175FF87FCA9C2BF0F53FA8B" blockId="4.[823,1292,1254,1293]" box="[823,1292,1254,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
Key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87FBEEC2BF0F53FA8B" authorityName="Staal" authorityYear="1867" box="[1136,1292,1254,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87FBEEC2BF0F53FA8B" box="[1136,1292,1254,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Tiridates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep id="30862E514175FF87FEAEC3670D4CF900" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36F44175FF87FEAEC3670D4DFA43" blockId="4.[302,1811,1341,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<keyLead id="308395C14175FF87FEAEC3670D4DFA43" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
1. Abdominal venter predominately dark brown to black, usually with basal yellow to red macula,
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87FC8FC334090DFA12" box="[785,850,1389,1428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">and</emphasis>
|
||
scutellum bordered laterally and posteriorly by continuous yellow to red vitta; thecal processes acute apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492A714175FF87FA46C3C70C6AFA43" box="[1496,1589,1438,1477]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[359,433,2666,2706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 7-14. 7-12. Tiridates rubrocinctus rubrocinctus. 7.) Aedeagus, dorsal aspect; vesica (V); thecal process (TP); thecal lobe (TL). 8.) Aedeagus, lateral aspect. 9.) Proctiger, caudal aspect. 10.) Right paramere, lateral aspect. 11.) Genital cup, caudal aspect, omitting parameres and proctiger; anterior lobe of pygophoral process (A); posterior lobe of pygophoral process (P). 12.) Genital cup, caudal margin, lateral aspect. 13-14. Tiridates rubrocinctus schaffneri. 13.) Aedeagus, lateral aspect. 14.) Right paramere, lateral aspect. Dimensional lines equal 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12785529/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) ........... 2.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36F44175FF87FEAEC3960D4CF900" blockId="4.[302,1811,1341,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<keyLead id="308395C14175FF87FEAEC3960D4CF900" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
1 '. Abdominal venter predominately yellow to red, with dark brown to black transverse vitta present basally and longitudinal vitta present laterally;
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87F9E1C3A60CFCF9A0" box="[1663,1699,1535,1574]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">or</emphasis>
|
||
venter black and scutellum with lateral marginal vittae incomplete; apex of each thecal process hatchet-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492A714175FF87FBACC0390EF0F900" box="[1074,1199,1632,1670]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[329,403,2743,2782]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 15-20. Tindates mexicanus. 15.) Aedeagus, dorsal aspect; vesica (V); thecal process (TP). 16.) Aedeagus, lateral aspect. 17.) Proctiger, caudal aspect. 18.) Right paramere, lateral aspect. 19.) Genital cup, caudal aspect, omitting parameres and proctiger; anterior lobe of pygophoral process (A); posterior lobe of pygophoral process (P). 20.) Genital cup, caudal margin, lateral aspect. Dimensional lines equal 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12785533/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) ........................
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87F985C0390D4CF900" box="[1563,1811,1632,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87F985C0390D51F900" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1563,1806,1632,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tiridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">T. mexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30862E514175FF87FEB0C0C80D4DF8CE" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36F44175FF87FEB0C0C80D4DF961" blockId="4.[302,1811,1341,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<keyLead id="308395C14175FF87FEB0C0C80D4DF961" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
2. Thecal lobes short, not encircling vesica (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492A714175FF87FBCBC0C90EE1F931" box="[1109,1214,1680,1719]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[359,433,2666,2706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 7-14. 7-12. Tiridates rubrocinctus rubrocinctus. 7.) Aedeagus, dorsal aspect; vesica (V); thecal process (TP); thecal lobe (TL). 8.) Aedeagus, lateral aspect. 9.) Proctiger, caudal aspect. 10.) Right paramere, lateral aspect. 11.) Genital cup, caudal aspect, omitting parameres and proctiger; anterior lobe of pygophoral process (A); posterior lobe of pygophoral process (P). 12.) Genital cup, caudal margin, lateral aspect. 13-14. Tiridates rubrocinctus schaffneri. 13.) Aedeagus, lateral aspect. 14.) Right paramere, lateral aspect. Dimensional lines equal 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12785529/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); Mexico, north and west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec .............................
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87FA91C0990D4DF961" box="[1295,1810,1728,1767]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87FA91C0990C41F961" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[1295,1566,1728,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">T. rubrocinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87F9B2C0990D57F961" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[1580,1800,1728,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">rubrocinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD36F44175FF87FEB0C0AB0D4DF8CE" blockId="4.[302,1811,1341,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<keyLead id="308395C14175FF87FEB0C0AB0D4DF8CE" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
2. ' Thecal lobes long, encircling vesica (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13492A714175FF87FB9AC0A80EDDF89E" box="[1028,1154,1777,1816]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[359,433,2666,2706]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 7-14. 7-12. Tiridates rubrocinctus rubrocinctus. 7.) Aedeagus, dorsal aspect; vesica (V); thecal process (TP); thecal lobe (TL). 8.) Aedeagus, lateral aspect. 9.) Proctiger, caudal aspect. 10.) Right paramere, lateral aspect. 11.) Genital cup, caudal aspect, omitting parameres and proctiger; anterior lobe of pygophoral process (A); posterior lobe of pygophoral process (P). 12.) Genital cup, caudal margin, lateral aspect. 13-14. Tiridates rubrocinctus schaffneri. 13.) Aedeagus, lateral aspect. 14.) Right paramere, lateral aspect. Dimensional lines equal 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12785529/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
); Mexico, south and east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec into Nicaragua .................
|
||
<emphasis id="B906EAE64175FF87FADEC1780D4DF8CE" box="[1344,1810,1825,1864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C724D774175FF87FADEC1780C12F8CE" authorityName="Herrich-Schaeffer" authorityYear="1837" box="[1344,1613,1825,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Pachycoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrocinctus">T. rubrocinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
schaffneri.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |