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<mods:title id="D53F0D063F84FB0F45D3A9F3FED97713">A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF93FFA26EE2F9CFFDACFF66" ID-CoL="6QVPM" authority="Wilson &amp; Reels, 2003" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Reels" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,622,1634,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haui">
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<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26EE2F9CFFE99FF67" bold="true" box="[151,347,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Megalestes haui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF93FFA26F16F9CFFDACFF66" author="Wilson, K. D. P. &amp; Reels, G. T." box="[355,622,1634,1661]" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" pagination="237 - 279" refId="ref15245" refString="Wilson, K. D. P. &amp; Reels, G. T. (2003) Odonata of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, Part 1: Zygoptera. Odonatologica, 32, 237 - 279." type="journal article" year="2003">Wilson &amp; Reels, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF93FFA26EEAF92BFF35FFBA" box="[159,247,1670,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,195,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-34@14.[151,1436,181,1396]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caudal appendages of males (dorsal view). a) australis; b) irma, paratype; c) distans, from Yaan, Sichuan; d) distans from Dashahe, Guizhou; e) heros; f) omeiensis, paratype; g) kurahashii; h) major; i) haui; j) “palaceus”; k) micans, bd: basal disk; l) “chengi”; m) riccii; n) “maai”; o) “tuska,” from Damingshan, Guangxi; p) “tuska,” from Jinxiu, Guangxi. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407489/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Figs. 3i</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF93FFA26F76F92BFEDEFFBA" box="[259,284,1670,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1443,1467]" captionTargetBox="[175,1424,244,1412]" captionTargetId="figure-56@15.[151,1437,237,1419]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caudal appendages of males (lateral view). a) australis; b) irma, paratype; c) distans, from Yaan, Sichuan; d) distans from Qingchengshan, Chengdu, Sichuan; e) heros; f) omeiensis, paratype; g) kurahashii; h) major; i) haui; j) “palaceus”; k) micans; l) “Chengi,” paratype; m) riccii; n) maai; o) tuska, from Damingshan, Guangxi; p) tuska, from Jinxiu, Guangxi. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407493/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">4i</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF93FFA26F5DF92BFEF7FFBB" box="[296,309,1670,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[214,1369,199,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-34@18.[205,1381,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital ligula of males (lateral view) (am) and ventral view (nab). a) australis; b) distans; c) heros; d) omeiensis, paratype; e) major; f) irma, paratype; g) “palaceus”; h) haui; i) “Chengi”; j) maai; k) riccii; l) tuska; m) micans; n) australis, Hr: horn; o) distans, Tlb: terminal lateral lobe; p) heros; q) omeiensis, paratype; r) major; s) irma, paratype; t) kurahashii; u) “palaceus”; v) haui; w) micans, from Jinping, Yunnan; x) “Chengi”; y) maai; z) riccii, Blb: basal lateral lobe; aa) tuska, Mlb: middle lateral lobe; ab) micans, from Fengyangshan, Zhejiang. (Scale bar = 0.2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407495/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">5</figureCitation>
gh, uv; 6f)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF93FFA26EE2F966FB29FE3A" blockId="14.[151,1437,1739,1824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF93FFA26EE2F966FD4DFFF9" author="Wilson, K. D. P. &amp; Reels, G. T." box="[151,655,1739,1763]" page="257" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" year="2003">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF93FFA26EE2F966FD4DFFF9" ID-CoL="6QVPM" authority="Wilson &amp; Reels, 2003: 256 - 257" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Reels" authorityPageNumber="256 - 257" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,655,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haui">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26EE2F966FEFFFFF9" box="[151,317,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Megalestes haui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF93FFA26F36F966FD4DFFF9" author="Wilson, K. D. P. &amp; Reels, G. T." box="[323,655,1739,1763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" pagination="237 - 279" refId="ref15245" refString="Wilson, K. D. P. &amp; Reels, G. T. (2003) Odonata of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, Part 1: Zygoptera. Odonatologica, 32, 237 - 279." type="journal article" year="2003">Wilson &amp; Reels, 2003: 256257</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 4657 [Shiwandashan,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF93FFA26DCFF966FBD6FFF9" box="[954,1044,1739,1763]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF93FFA26A6AF966FBA3FFF9" box="[1055,1121,1739,1763]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">China</collectingCountry>
];
<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF93FFA26A07F966FAE2FFF9" author="Karube, H." box="[1138,1312,1739,1763]" page="74" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF93FFA26A07F966FAE2FFF9" author="Karube, H." box="[1138,1312,1739,1763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref14198" refString="Karube, H. (2014) Vietnamese Odonata collected in 1992 - 2003 surveys. IV. Synlestidae. Tombo, 56, 73 - 76." type="journal article" year="2014">Karube 2014: 74</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2 [Tam
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Dao, Vinh Phu,
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF93FFA26F1CF947FE07FE18" box="[361,453,1770,1794]" name="Vietnam" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
];
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF93FFA26FA1F947FD6DFE18" author="Phan, Q. T. &amp; To, V. Q." box="[468,687,1770,1794]" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref14558" refString="Phan, Q. T. &amp; To, V. Q. (2018) The genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 in Vietnam, with first description of female of Megalestes australis Karube, 2014 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Synlestidae). Journal of the International Dragonfly Fund, 111, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2018">Phan &amp; To 2018: 16</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 46, 1213, 2224 [Hoang Lien National Park,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF93FFA26AA4F947FAE7FE18" box="[1233,1317,1770,1794]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Lao Cai</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF93FFA26B5BF947FA48FE18" box="[1326,1418,1770,1794]" name="Vietnam" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
].
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF93FFA26EE2F8A5FDADFE3A" ID-CoL="6R7PK" authority="Zhou &amp; Zhou, 2008: 1 - 2" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Zhou" authorityPageNumber="1 - 2" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,623,1800,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palaceus">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26EE2F8A5FEABFE3A" box="[151,361,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Megalestes palaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF93FFA26F05F8A5FDADFE3A" author="Zhou, X. &amp; Zhou, W. B." box="[368,623,1800,1824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref15687" refString="Zhou, X. &amp; Zhou, W. B. (2008) A new species of the genus Megalestes (Odonata: Chlorolestidae) from China. Entomotaxonomia, 30, 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2008">Zhou &amp; Zhou, 2008: 12</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 15 [Xiaodanjiang, Leishan,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF93FFA26DA1F8A5FBECFE3A" box="[980,1070,1800,1824]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF93FFA26A4DF8A5FBB8FE3A" box="[1080,1146,1800,1824]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">China</collectingCountry>
].
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26AFFF8A5FB29FE3A" bold="true" box="[1162,1259,1800,1824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF93FFA36EE2F8E2FB52F9CF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1870,2041]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">
We examined eight specimens (
<tableCitation id="C6FF036EFF93FFA26F88F8E3FD93FE73" box="[509,593,1870,1897]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,468,494]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of examined and analyzed specimens. Specimens with ID numbers were used for molecular analysis, and L indicates larva." pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Table 1</tableCitation>
), including specimens collected from the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF93FFA26A97F8E2FAAEFE72" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2008" box="[1250,1388,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palaceus">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26A97F8E2FAAEFE72" box="[1250,1388,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">M. palaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<typeStatus id="54C68877FF93FFA26EE2F8DFFF3BFE96" box="[151,249,1906,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
photos of
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF93FFA26F01F8DEFE0EFE96" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Reels" authorityYear="2003" box="[372,460,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haui">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26F01F8DEFE0EFE96" box="[372,460,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">M. haui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that were provided by Dr. Guanhong Huang from the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF93FFA26FDBF83AFDF7FEAB" box="[430,565,1943,1969]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
. Characters of caudal appendages, genitalia and ligula, and body color pattern are coincident among all these individuals. In the molecular phylogeny,
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF93FFA26DC2F816FBCFFECE" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Reels" authorityYear="2003" box="[951,1037,1978,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haui">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26DC2F816FC0CFECE" box="[951,974,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26DAEF817FBCFFECE" box="[987,1037,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">haui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF93FFA26A37F816FB09FECE" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2008" box="[1090,1227,1978,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palaceus">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26A37F816FB9BFECE" box="[1090,1113,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF93FFA26A12F817FB09FECE" box="[1127,1227,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">palaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nested in the same clade with strong support (BPP= 0.8) and cannot be further separated (
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF93FFA26DDFF873FC2CFEE3" box="[938,1006,2014,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1978,2002]" captionTargetBox="[213,1367,496,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-214@20.[211,1375,489,1954]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic reconstruction from ITS data modified based on BI and ML trees, with both posterior probabilities (right) and bootstrap values (left) shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407499/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="259">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Most independent evidence supports classifying these two as the same species (
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF92FFA36C1DFF3AFD69F9AB" box="[616,683,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1535]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Molecular and morphology-based species delimitation of Megalestes. M: morphological character method; lg: genital ligula; app: caudal appendages, including cerci and paraprocts; GD: genetic distance; TC: traditional classification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407501/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Therefore, we believe
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF92FFA36DC3FF3AFBFCF9AB" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2008" box="[950,1086,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palaceus">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF92FFA36DC3FF3AFBFCF9AB" box="[950,1086,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">M. palaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF92FFA36B4AFF3AFA57F9AB" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Reels" authorityYear="2003" box="[1343,1429,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haui">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF92FFA36B4AFF3AFA57F9AB" box="[1343,1429,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">M. haui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species is known to occur in
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF92FFA36C66FF16FDB1F9CF" box="[531,627,187,213]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF92FFA36CDFFF16FCC8F9CF" box="[682,778,187,213]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF92FFA36D5AFF16FCB0F9CF" box="[815,882,187,213]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">China</collectingCountry>
and in northern
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF92FFA36A5FFF16FB4FF9CF" box="[1066,1165,187,213]" name="Vietnam" pageId="15" pageNumber="260">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>