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<mods:title id="062A884903839E847D60CEDC35EF74B0">A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF5C4AC24847B008ADA3356E36514453">Xue, Junli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C919087403C79FFECBD9A5A56BE7C29">Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University &amp; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0696 - 2596</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF90FFA16EE2FC09FD83FAA4" ID-CoL="737PN" authority="Needham, 1930" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,577,932,959]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">
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<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF90FFA16EE2FC09FEBBFAA5" bold="true" box="[151,377,932,959]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Megalestes distans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF90FFA16FF5FC08FD83FAA4" author="Needham, J. G." box="[384,577,932,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" pagination="227 - 231" refId="ref14437" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1930">Needham, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF90FFA16EEAFC65FEDAFAF8" box="[159,280,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,195,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-34@14.[151,1436,181,1396]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caudal appendages of males (dorsal view). a) australis; b) irma, paratype; c) distans, from Yaan, Sichuan; d) distans from Dashahe, Guizhou; e) heros; f) omeiensis, paratype; g) kurahashii; h) major; i) haui; j) “palaceus”; k) micans, bd: basal disk; l) “chengi”; m) riccii; n) “maai”; o) “tuska,” from Damingshan, Guangxi; p) “tuska,” from Jinxiu, Guangxi. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407489/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Figs. 3c, d</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF90FFA16F51FC64FE9FFAF8" box="[292,349,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1443,1467]" captionTargetBox="[175,1424,244,1412]" captionTargetId="figure-56@15.[151,1437,237,1419]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caudal appendages of males (lateral view). a) australis; b) irma, paratype; c) distans, from Yaan, Sichuan; d) distans from Qingchengshan, Chengdu, Sichuan; e) heros; f) omeiensis, paratype; g) kurahashii; h) major; i) haui; j) “palaceus”; k) micans; l) “Chengi,” paratype; m) riccii; n) maai; o) tuska, from Damingshan, Guangxi; p) tuska, from Jinxiu, Guangxi. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407493/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">4c, d</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF90FFA16F1CFC65FE66FAF9" box="[361,420,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[214,1369,199,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-34@18.[205,1381,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital ligula of males (lateral view) (a–m) and ventral view (n–ab). a) australis; b) distans; c) heros; d) omeiensis, paratype; e) major; f) irma, paratype; g) “palaceus”; h) haui; i) “Chengi”; j) maai; k) riccii; l) tuska; m) micans; n) australis, Hr: horn; o) distans, Tlb: terminal lateral lobe; p) heros; q) omeiensis, paratype; r) major; s) irma, paratype; t) kurahashii; u) “palaceus”; v) haui; w) micans, from Jinping, Yunnan; x) “Chengi”; y) maai; z) riccii, Blb: basal lateral lobe; aa) tuska, Mlb: middle lateral lobe; ab) micans, from Fengyangshan, Zhejiang. (Scale bar = 0.2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407495/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">5b, o</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF90FFA16FC5FC65FE0FFAF9" box="[432,461,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1319,1343]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,187,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[163,1423,181,1295]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line drawing of male paraprocts (lateral view). a) australis; b) distans; c) gyalsey; d) kurahashii; e) major; f) haui; g) heros; h) omeiensis; i) micans; j) micans; k) riccii; l) irma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407497/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">6b</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C367655EFF90FFA16EE2FBA0FC79FCCA" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF90FFA16EE2FBA0FD1BFD5E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1037,1092]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6D11FBFF90FFA16EE2FBA0FD1BFD5E" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF90FFA16EE2FBA0FD9DFD3F" author="Needham, J. G." box="[151,607,1037,1061]" page="232" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" year="1930">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF90FFA16EE2FBA0FD9DFD3F" ID-CoL="737PN" authority="Needham, 1930: 231 - 232" authorityName="Needham" authorityPageNumber="231 - 232" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,607,1037,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF90FFA16EE2FBA0FE94FD3F" box="[151,342,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Megalestes distans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF90FFA16F2EFBA0FD9DFD3F" author="Needham, J. G." box="[347,607,1037,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" pagination="227 - 231" refId="ref14437" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1930">Needham, 1930: 231–232</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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[
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16C1FFBA0FD04FD3F" box="[618,710,1037,1061]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16CBAFBA0FCE4FD3F" box="[719,806,1037,1061]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
];
<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF90FFA16D43FBA0FBC8FD3F" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[822,1034,1037,1061]" page="189" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF90FFA16D43FBA0FBC8FD3F" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[822,1034,1037,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" pagination="187 - 196" refId="ref13620" refString="Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196." type="journal article" year="1965">Chao 1965: 189–190</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 9–11 [Emeishan,
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,
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF90FFA16B25FBA0FA50FD3F" box="[1360,1426,1037,1061]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">China</collectingCountry>
];
<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF90FFA16EB2FB81FE7EFD5E" author="Asahina, S." box="[199,444,1067,1092]" page="192" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF90FFA16EB2FB81FE7EFD5E" author="Asahina, S." box="[199,444,1067,1092]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" pagination="192 - 201" refId="ref13440" refString="Asahina, S. (1969) Notes on Chinese Odonata II, the Odonata of Metasequoia expedition. Kontyu, 37, 192 - 201." type="journal article" year="1969">Asahina 1969: 192–197</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 1–8 [
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16C5EFB81FDACFD5E" box="[555,622,1068,1092]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Hubei</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16C0DFB81FD0DFD5E" box="[632,719,1068,1092]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF90FFA16EE2FBDFFC79FCCA" blockId="13.[151,1437,1138,1489]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">
This is a large, endemic Chinese species with a relatively wide distribution range, including
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16AB4FBDFFA82FD96" box="[1217,1344,1138,1164]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16B3BFBDFFA5AFD96" box="[1358,1432,1138,1164]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Gansu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16EE2FB3BFF38FDAA" box="[151,250,1174,1200]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16F70FB3BFE93FDAA" box="[261,337,1174,1200]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Henan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16F29FB3BFE61FDAA" box="[348,419,1174,1200]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Hubei</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16FDBFB3BFE39FDAA" box="[430,507,1174,1200]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Hunan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16C72FB3BFD99FDAA" box="[519,603,1174,1200]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Jiangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16C10FB3BFD00FDAA" box="[613,706,1174,1200]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16C8EFB3BFC96FDAA" box="[763,852,1174,1200]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
. The body size and color pattern are quite consistent throughout all populations. Cerci are special with the apex extended and the basal prominence long, cylindrical, foot-like (
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF90FFA16F72FB73FE8BFDE3" box="[263,329,1246,1273]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,195,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-34@14.[151,1436,181,1396]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caudal appendages of males (dorsal view). a) australis; b) irma, paratype; c) distans, from Yaan, Sichuan; d) distans from Dashahe, Guizhou; e) heros; f) omeiensis, paratype; g) kurahashii; h) major; i) haui; j) “palaceus”; k) micans, bd: basal disk; l) “chengi”; m) riccii; n) “maai”; o) “tuska,” from Damingshan, Guangxi; p) “tuska,” from Jinxiu, Guangxi. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407489/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
c–d). The end of the genital ligula has terminal lateral lobes largely divergent and up-curved at the tips (
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF90FFA16EBAFAAFFEE0FC07" box="[207,290,1282,1309]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[214,1369,199,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-34@18.[205,1381,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 5. Genital ligula of males (lateral view) (a–m) and ventral view (n–ab). a) australis; b) distans; c) heros; d) omeiensis, paratype; e) major; f) irma, paratype; g) “palaceus”; h) haui; i) “Chengi”; j) maai; k) riccii; l) tuska; m) micans; n) australis, Hr: horn; o) distans, Tlb: terminal lateral lobe; p) heros; q) omeiensis, paratype; r) major; s) irma, paratype; t) kurahashii; u) “palaceus”; v) haui; w) micans, from Jinping, Yunnan; x) “Chengi”; y) maai; z) riccii, Blb: basal lateral lobe; aa) tuska, Mlb: middle lateral lobe; ab) micans, from Fengyangshan, Zhejiang. (Scale bar = 0.2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407495/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Fig. 5o</figureCitation>
). The basal teeth on paraprocts varied slightly among populations (
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF90FFA16A61FAAFFB9AFC07" box="[1044,1112,1282,1309]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1443,1467]" captionTargetBox="[175,1424,244,1412]" captionTargetId="figure-56@15.[151,1437,237,1419]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caudal appendages of males (lateral view). a) australis; b) irma, paratype; c) distans, from Yaan, Sichuan; d) distans from Qingchengshan, Chengdu, Sichuan; e) heros; f) omeiensis, paratype; g) kurahashii; h) major; i) haui; j) “palaceus”; k) micans; l) “Chengi,” paratype; m) riccii; n) maai; o) tuska, from Damingshan, Guangxi; p) tuska, from Jinxiu, Guangxi. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407493/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
c–d).
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF90FFA16AE2FAAFFA96FC06" author="Needham, J. G." box="[1175,1364,1282,1308]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" pagination="227 - 231" refId="ref14437" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1930">Needham (1930)</bibRefCitation>
stated that his specimens came from both
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16C5DFA8BFD4AFC5A" box="[552,648,1318,1344]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16CB5FA8BFCDCFC5A" box="[704,798,1318,1344]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
. We checked through his original descriptions and could not find any localities belonging to
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16C58FAE7FD52FC7E" box="[557,656,1354,1380]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, but the species is present in
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16DAAFAE7FBFBFC7E" box="[991,1081,1354,1380]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
with Yu Chi Valley as the
<typeStatus id="54C68877FF90FFA16B19FAE7FA5EFC7E" box="[1388,1436,1354,1380]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">type</typeStatus>
locality.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF90FFA16E8DFAC3FE3DFC92" author="Wilson, K. D. P. &amp; Reels, G. T." box="[248,511,1390,1416]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" pagination="237 - 279" refId="ref15245" refString="Wilson, K. D. P. &amp; Reels, G. T. (2003) Odonata of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, Part 1: Zygoptera. Odonatologica, 32, 237 - 279." type="journal article" year="2003">Wilson &amp; Reels (2003)</bibRefCitation>
reported several specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16DF5FAC3FC26FC92" box="[896,996,1390,1416]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
. However, the figures and descriptions were not consistent with our specimens nor were they like those from
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF90FFA16DCDFA3FFBBAFCB6" author="Needham, J. G." box="[952,1144,1426,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" pagination="227 - 231" refId="ref14437" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1930">Needham (1930)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF90FFA16AF0FA3FFAD7FCB7" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[1157,1301,1426,1453]" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" pagination="187 - 196" refId="ref13620" refString="Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196." type="journal article" year="1965">Chao (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, or
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF90FFA16B34FA3FFF27FCCB" author="Asahina, S." pageId="13" pageNumber="258" pagination="192 - 201" refId="ref13440" refString="Asahina, S. (1969) Notes on Chinese Odonata II, the Odonata of Metasequoia expedition. Kontyu, 37, 192 - 201." type="journal article" year="1969">Asahina (1969)</bibRefCitation>
. Therefore, we do not believe that
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF90FFA16C1FFA1AFD1CFCCA" ID-CoL="737PN" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[618,734,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="13" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF90FFA16C1FFA1AFD1CFCCA" box="[618,734,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">M. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF90FFA16D27FA1BFC74FCCA" box="[850,950,1462,1488]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="13" pageNumber="258">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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