treatments-xml/data/03/D4/87/03D48789ED03FFD8033BC741FB3576F9.xml
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<document id="B896A1B343A1E099A32AA1D32F283E65" ID-CLB-Dataset="27081" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.2645499" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e19b6b64-b0ad-4a54-be72-029aa3fc672a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2645499" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1555587472030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hippa, Heikki &amp; Vilkamaa, Pekka" docDate="2006" docId="03D48789ED03FFD8033BC741FB3576F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01167p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1167" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa 2006, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFEDFFF1ED01FFDF0233C12DFF8F7339" masterDocTitle="Recharacterization of Rhynchoheterotricha Freeman (Diptera, Sciaroidea), with description of R. chandleri sp. n. from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698722412546" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="555A37D6F8D3A5EC955F6E4C33244829" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="22ADCB377B65E4A53AF9B58666530516">
<mods:title id="C56E10123375AB4E00FF7DC6275BB40E">Recharacterization of Rhynchoheterotricha Freeman (Diptera, Sciaroidea), with description of R. chandleri sp. n. from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="041BC3CA4234377F90878A68D3BD6B31" type="personal">
<mods:role id="28E26149E085373BA4192D0903EED1D0">
<mods:roleTerm id="8B76E4230D4838BC65051E9345199A70">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="223934D9C488224989A04DF0D87979F9">Hippa, Heikki</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F82C4D540D1FD61BFDBDC977B6127CE7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="342980A1FEC6BB6A0D561F994018292E">
<mods:roleTerm id="338CB3073F6FFD937FC6DAAE1BEA6A59">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8826676117770F39ECDE2C3EB172A9FC">Vilkamaa, Pekka</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E6CC45B352DEE284B8976DEBD1549983">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2B2A749E1750468965840E799BE125A1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C5F587239831E204C280AE3A567D339E">
<mods:date id="7D440E77CFA7E7904B580DE44A901B62">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="484BBBFB88CCA2584F59EB11CAF00949" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CF5B0354BCD089AA246019DC7160B97A">2006-04-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FA208F199572AE24FC3FD704F81AF3CF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5149E9D78606BD952A7313137F0A25D1">1167</mods:number>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="9FF5C7BDD24930143CA2F5762E4F84BE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7A52AE5781659E78C4EC381FFD95CDE9" type="CLB-Dataset">27081</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="264F19BE38EB4FAFE1A0FDC944CE7843" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.2645499</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="19F397D53704FA169BFA7DD9B5C6F28E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D48789ED03FFD8033BC741FB3576F9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156788793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D48789ED03FFD8033BC741FB3576F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D48789ED03FFD8033BC741FB3576F9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="C3676514ED03FFDD033BC741FD4175BF" box="[264,718,1644,1670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED03FFDD033BC741FD4175BF" blockId="2.[264,718,1644,1670]" box="[264,718,1644,1670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D08A81F3ED03FFDD033BC741FD4175BF" bold="true" box="[264,718,1644,1670]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED03FFDD033BC741FD4175BF" bold="true" box="[264,718,1644,1670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED03FFDD033BC741FD0B75BF" ID-CoL="4SRVY" authority="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa, 2006" authorityName="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,644,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Rangomaramidae" genus="Rhynchoheterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chandleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED03FFDD033BC741FD0B75BF" bold="true" box="[264,644,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A57F6ED03FFDD00BFC741FD4175BF" box="[652,718,1644,1670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3676514ED03FFDD033BC79AFD237448" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED03FFDD033BC79AFE6975E9" blockId="2.[264,1323,1719,1905]" box="[264,486,1719,1744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED03FFDD033BC79AFE6975E9" box="[264,486,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED03FFDD030BC7F2FD237448" blockId="2.[264,1323,1719,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<materialsCitation id="3B153CC2ED03FFDD030BC7F2FCD57470" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236572587" collectingDate="1994-10-14" collectingDateMax="1994-10-19" collectingDateMin="1994-10-14" collectionCode="NRM" collectorName="M. Soderlund" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.58" location="Cape Province" longLatPrecision="722" longitude="23.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED03FFDD030BC7F2FE6875C1" box="[312,487,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54C6883DED03FFDD030BC7F2FE2C75C1" box="[312,419,1759,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F36A760FED03FFDD03C8C7F2FC2E75C0" box="[507,929,1759,1785]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B9F87DED03FFDD0183C7F2FBED75C0" box="[944,1122,1759,1785]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, Tsitsikama For. Res. (
<geoCoordinate id="EE495058ED03FFDD037FC62AFE397418" box="[332,438,1799,1825]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" precision="555" value="-33.58">33.58° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE495058ED03FFDD03F6C62AFDBF7418" box="[453,560,1799,1825]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" precision="555" value="23.54">23.54° E</geoCoordinate>
), moist, tall, indigenous forest with
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED03FFDD01ECC62AFBE27419" box="[991,1133,1799,1824]" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED03FFDD01ECC62AFBE27419" box="[991,1133,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<collectingDate id="EF87E9B7ED03FFDD0694C62AFECA7470" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" value="1994-10-14" valueMax="1994-10-19" valueMin="1994-10-14">
<date id="FFC3105FED03FFDD0694C62AFECA7470" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" value="1994-10-14" valueMax="1994-10-19" valueMin="1994-10-14">1419 Oct. 1994</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectingMethod id="523C4E88ED03FFDD0367C602FD9D7470" box="[340,530,1839,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">by Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="26885349ED03FFDD0012C602FD4A7470" box="[545,709,1839,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">M. Söderlund</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED6CAE5AED03FFDD013FC602FCDD7470" box="[780,850,1839,1865]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B153CC2ED03FFDD0157C602FD287448" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236572588" collectingDate="1994-10-14" collectingDateMax="1994-10-19" collectingDateMin="1994-10-14" collectionCode="NRM" collectorName="M. Soderlund" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.58" location="Cape Province" longLatPrecision="722" longitude="23.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54C6883DED03FFDD0157C602FC557471" box="[868,986,1839,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED03FFDD0157C602FC557471" box="[868,986,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: two males and one female with same data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="ED6CAE5AED03FFDD0065C67AFD2F7448" box="[598,672,1879,1905]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF026617ED02FFDC033BC794FDE67462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645501/files/figure.svg" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" startId="3.[264,367,1721,1745]" targetBox="[94,1253,286,1692]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED02FFDC033BC794FDE67462" blockId="3.[264,1323,1721,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED02FFDC033BC794FE1E75E8" bold="true" box="[264,401,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED02FFDC0393C794FD7B75E9" authority="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa, 2006" authorityName="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa" authorityYear="2006" box="[416,756,1721,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Rangomaramidae" genus="Rhynchoheterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chandleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED02FFDC0393C794FD7B75E9" box="[416,756,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A57F6ED02FFDC0130C794FCCC75E9" box="[771,835,1721,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED02FFDC0162C794FCE475E8" bold="true" box="[849,875,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">A.</emphasis>
Head of male, frontal view.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED02FFDC06FAC794FB6E75E8" bold="true" box="[1225,1249,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">B.</emphasis>
Basal flagellomeres of male, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED02FFDC00AAC7F6FD3D75CA" bold="true" box="[665,690,1755,1779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">C.</emphasis>
Flagellomere 4 of female, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED02FFDC0658C7F6FB0A75CA" bold="true" box="[1131,1157,1755,1779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">D.</emphasis>
Wing of male, dorsal view. Scale for A, B, and C = 0.50 mm, for D = 0.10 mm. 1 = face, 2 = clypeus, 3 = palpomere 1, 4 = hyaline sensilla on palpomere 3, 5 = lacinia, 6 = premental apodeme, 7 = labellomere 1, 8 = labellomere 2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF026617ED05FFDB033BC716FEED747C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645503/files/figure.svg" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" startId="4.[264,367,1595,1619]" targetBox="[414,1494,285,1569]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED05FFDB033BC716FEED747C" blockId="4.[264,1323,1595,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED05FFDB033BC716FE06756A" bold="true" box="[264,393,1595,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED05FFDB03A3C711FD53756A" authority="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa, 2006" authorityName="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa" authorityYear="2006" box="[400,732,1596,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Rangomaramidae" genus="Rhynchoheterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chandleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED05FFDB03A3C711FD53756A" box="[400,732,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A57F6ED05FFDB00D0C711FC94756A" box="[739,795,1596,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED05FFDB0112C716FCB4756A" bold="true" box="[801,827,1595,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">A.</emphasis>
Thorax of male, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED05FFDB064AC716FB1E756A" bold="true" box="[1145,1169,1595,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">B.</emphasis>
Apical part of male tibia 1, prolateral view.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED05FFDB0079C773FDEC754F" bold="true" box="[586,611,1630,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">C.</emphasis>
Apical part of male tibia 3, retrolateral view. Scale for A = 0.50 mm, for B and C = 0.10 mm. The poorly visible and partly broken spur in C and the reconstructed apical part of the spur in C are drawn in broken lines. 1 = scutum, 2 = scutellum, 3 = postpronotum, 4 = antepronotum, 5 = proepisternum, 6 = proepimeron, 7 = anepisternum, 8 and 9 = anepimeron, 10 = preepisternum 2 (katepisternum), 11 = laterotergite, 12 = phragma, 13 = pleural pit, 14 = episternum 3, 15 = epimeron 3, 1618 = coxa 13, 19 = halter, 20 = anterior spiracle, 21 = posterior spiracle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF026617ED04FFDA033BC7AFFAA4747F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645506/files/figure.svg" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" startId="5.[264,368,1666,1690]" targetBox="[94,1300,286,1642]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED04FFDA033BC7AFFAA4747F" blockId="5.[264,1323,1666,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED04FFDA033BC7AFFE0275A3" bold="true" box="[264,397,1666,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED04FFDA03A4C7AFFD6875A0" authority="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa, 2006" authorityName="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa" authorityYear="2006" box="[407,743,1666,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Rangomaramidae" genus="Rhynchoheterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chandleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED04FFDA03A4C7AFFD6875A0" box="[407,743,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A57F6ED04FFDA00C2C7AFFCA175A0" box="[753,814,1666,1689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype male).
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED04FFDA01C7C7AFFB8175A3" bold="true" box="[1012,1038,1666,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">A.</emphasis>
Tergite 9 with associated structures, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED04FFDA003FC789FDAB7585" bold="true" box="[524,548,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">B.</emphasis>
Posterior submedial lobe of tergite 9, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED04FFDA067BC789FBEC7585" bold="true" box="[1096,1123,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">C.</emphasis>
Hypopygium with tergite 9 removed, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED04FFDA0047C7EAFD0175E6" bold="true" box="[628,654,1735,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">D.</emphasis>
Part of hypopygium, ventral view. Scale = 0.10 mm. 1 = submedial lobe, 2 = lateral lobe, 3 = cercus, 4 = hypoproct, 5 = split setae, 6 = gonocoxa, 7 = apicoventral lobe of gonocoxa, 8 = gonocoxal apodeme, 9 = gonostylus, 10 = sternite 9, 11 = tegmen, 12 = parameral apodeme, 13 = finger­like process, 14 = aedeagus, 15 = aedeagal apodeme.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF026617ED07FFD9033BC54DFC8677E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645508/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" startId="6.[264,367,1120,1144]" targetBox="[273,1494,285,1071]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED07FFD9033BC54DFC8677E6" blockId="6.[264,1323,1120,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED07FFD9033BC54DFE047741" bold="true" box="[264,395,1120,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED07FFD903A0C54CFD6F7741" authority="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa, 2006" authorityName="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa" authorityYear="2006" box="[403,736,1121,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Rangomaramidae" genus="Rhynchoheterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chandleri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED07FFD903A0C54CFD6F7741" box="[403,736,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A57F6ED07FFD900DBC54DFCAD774E" box="[744,802,1120,1143]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED07FFD9011AC54DFCCC7741" bold="true" box="[809,835,1120,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">A.</emphasis>
Apical part of female abdomen, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED07FFD9033BC5AEFEAF77A2" bold="true" box="[264,288,1155,1179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B.</emphasis>
Apical part of elongated setae on female sternite 8. Scale = 0.10 mm. 1 = tergite 7, 2 = sternite 7, 3 = tergite 8, 4 = sternite 8, 5 = tergite 9, 6 = sternite 9, 7 = tergite 10, 8 = basal segment of cercus, 9 = apical segment of cercus, 10 = spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3676514ED07FFD9033BC416FE407434" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED07FFD9033BC416FE1D766D" blockId="6.[264,1325,1339,1805]" box="[264,402,1339,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED07FFD9033BC416FE1D766D" box="[264,402,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED07FFD9030BC44EFB5475AC" blockId="6.[264,1325,1339,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED07FFD9030BC44EFEF17644" bold="true" box="[312,382,1379,1405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Male.</emphasis>
Almost unicolorous brown, notum with lateral part and narrow submedial stripe indistinctly paler, femora slightly paler than other parts of legs. Setae of body and extremities dark. Head,
<figureCitation id="13462A1AED07FFD90014C49EFD0976F4" box="[551,646,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[94,1253,286,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1288,296,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri sp. n. A. Head of male, frontal view. B. Basal flagellomeres of male, ventral view. C. Flagellomere 4 of female, lateral view. D. Wing of male, dorsal view. Scale for A, B, and C = 0.50 mm, for D = 0.10 mm. 1 = face, 2 = clypeus, 3 = palpomere 1, 4 = hyaline sensilla on palpomere 3, 5 = lacinia, 6 = premental apodeme, 7 = labellomere 1, 8 = labellomere 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645501/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
. Basal antennal flagellomeres,
<figureCitation id="13462A1AED07FFD901C9C49EFBD876F4" box="[1018,1111,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[94,1253,286,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1288,296,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri sp. n. A. Head of male, frontal view. B. Basal flagellomeres of male, ventral view. C. Flagellomere 4 of female, lateral view. D. Wing of male, dorsal view. Scale for A, B, and C = 0.50 mm, for D = 0.10 mm. 1 = face, 2 = clypeus, 3 = palpomere 1, 4 = hyaline sensilla on palpomere 3, 5 = lacinia, 6 = premental apodeme, 7 = labellomere 1, 8 = labellomere 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645501/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
. Thorax,
<figureCitation id="13462A1AED07FFD906F9C49EFAA676F4" box="[1226,1321,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[414,1494,285,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[304,1274,300,1569]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri sp. n. A. Thorax of male, lateral view. B. Apical part of male tibia 1, prolateral view. C. Apical part of male tibia 3, retrolateral view. Scale for A = 0.50 mm, for B and C = 0.10 mm. The poorly visible and partly broken spur in C and the reconstructed apical part of the spur in C are drawn in broken lines. 1 = scutum, 2 = scutellum, 3 = postpronotum, 4 = antepronotum, 5 = proepisternum, 6 = proepimeron, 7 = anepisternum, 8 and 9 = anepimeron, 10 = preepisternum 2 (katepisternum), 11 = laterotergite, 12 = phragma, 13 = pleural pit, 14 = episternum 3, 15 = epimeron 3, 1618 = coxa 13, 19 = halter, 20 = anterior spiracle, 21 = posterior spiracle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645503/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
. Femora shorter than tibiae (tibia/femur of fore leg 1.6), basitarsomere 1 as long as tibia 1. Trichia (non­socketed setae) and setae (socketed setae) of tibiae equally long, tibia 1 without stronger and longer spinose setae except for apex, tibia 2 with few, tibia 3 with many spinose setae laterally. Apical part of tibia 1,
<figureCitation id="13462A1AED07FFD90150C77EFC317554" box="[867,958,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[414,1494,285,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[304,1274,300,1569]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri sp. n. A. Thorax of male, lateral view. B. Apical part of male tibia 1, prolateral view. C. Apical part of male tibia 3, retrolateral view. Scale for A = 0.50 mm, for B and C = 0.10 mm. The poorly visible and partly broken spur in C and the reconstructed apical part of the spur in C are drawn in broken lines. 1 = scutum, 2 = scutellum, 3 = postpronotum, 4 = antepronotum, 5 = proepisternum, 6 = proepimeron, 7 = anepisternum, 8 and 9 = anepimeron, 10 = preepisternum 2 (katepisternum), 11 = laterotergite, 12 = phragma, 13 = pleural pit, 14 = episternum 3, 15 = epimeron 3, 1618 = coxa 13, 19 = halter, 20 = anterior spiracle, 21 = posterior spiracle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645503/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
. Apical part of tibia 3,
<figureCitation id="13462A1AED07FFD906FEC77EFAA67554" box="[1229,1321,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[414,1494,285,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[304,1274,300,1569]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri sp. n. A. Thorax of male, lateral view. B. Apical part of male tibia 1, prolateral view. C. Apical part of male tibia 3, retrolateral view. Scale for A = 0.50 mm, for B and C = 0.10 mm. The poorly visible and partly broken spur in C and the reconstructed apical part of the spur in C are drawn in broken lines. 1 = scutum, 2 = scutellum, 3 = postpronotum, 4 = antepronotum, 5 = proepisternum, 6 = proepimeron, 7 = anepisternum, 8 and 9 = anepimeron, 10 = preepisternum 2 (katepisternum), 11 = laterotergite, 12 = phragma, 13 = pleural pit, 14 = episternum 3, 15 = epimeron 3, 1618 = coxa 13, 19 = halter, 20 = anterior spiracle, 21 = posterior spiracle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645503/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
. Wing,
<figureCitation id="13462A1AED07FFD90365C756FE3D75AC" box="[342,434,1659,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[94,1253,286,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1288,296,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri sp. n. A. Head of male, frontal view. B. Basal flagellomeres of male, ventral view. C. Flagellomere 4 of female, lateral view. D. Wing of male, dorsal view. Scale for A, B, and C = 0.50 mm, for D = 0.10 mm. 1 = face, 2 = clypeus, 3 = palpomere 1, 4 = hyaline sensilla on palpomere 3, 5 = lacinia, 6 = premental apodeme, 7 = labellomere 1, 8 = labellomere 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645501/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
, hyaline brown, wing length
<quantity id="4C859B7AED07FFD9013BC756FC1875AC" box="[776,919,1659,1685]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.8499999999999996" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.8">3.83.9 mm</quantity>
. Hypopygium,
<figureCitation id="13462A1AED07FFD9067FC756FB5975AC" box="[1100,1238,1659,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[94,1300,286,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[287,1300,326,1642]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri sp. n. (holotype male). A. Tergite 9 with associated structures, ventral view. B. Posterior submedial lobe of tergite 9, ventral view. C. Hypopygium with tergite 9 removed, dorsal view. D. Part of hypopygium, ventral view. Scale = 0.10 mm. 1 = submedial lobe, 2 = lateral lobe, 3 = cercus, 4 = hypoproct, 5 = split setae, 6 = gonocoxa, 7 = apicoventral lobe of gonocoxa, 8 = gonocoxal apodeme, 9 = gonostylus, 10 = sternite 9, 11 = tegmen, 12 = parameral apodeme, 13 = finger­like process, 14 = aedeagus, 15 = aedeagal apodeme." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645506/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Figs. 3AD</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED07FFD9030BC78EFE407434" blockId="6.[264,1325,1339,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED07FFD9030BC78EFE157584" bold="true" box="[312,410,1699,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Female.</emphasis>
Similar to male except for normal sexual dimorphism. Flagellomere 4,
<figureCitation id="13462A1AED07FFD906CFC78EFEA275DC" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[94,1253,286,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1288,296,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri sp. n. A. Head of male, frontal view. B. Basal flagellomeres of male, ventral view. C. Flagellomere 4 of female, lateral view. D. Wing of male, dorsal view. Scale for A, B, and C = 0.50 mm, for D = 0.10 mm. 1 = face, 2 = clypeus, 3 = palpomere 1, 4 = hyaline sensilla on palpomere 3, 5 = lacinia, 6 = premental apodeme, 7 = labellomere 1, 8 = labellomere 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645501/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
. Wing length
<quantity id="4C859B7AED07FFD903E3C7E6FDA275DC" box="[464,557,1739,1765]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
. Terminalia,
<figureCitation id="13462A1AED07FFD900F5C7E6FCF575DC" box="[710,890,1739,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1120,1144]" captionTargetBox="[273,1494,285,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[273,1324,326,1071]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri sp. n. A. Apical part of female abdomen, lateral view. B. Apical part of elongated setae on female sternite 8. Scale = 0.10 mm. 1 = tergite 7, 2 = sternite 7, 3 = tergite 8, 4 = sternite 8, 5 = tergite 9, 6 = sternite 9, 7 = tergite 10, 8 = basal segment of cercus, 9 = apical segment of cercus, 10 = spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645508/files/figure.svg" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Figs. 4A and B</figureCitation>
: setae on sternite 8 concolorous with other body setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3676514ED06FFD8033BC031FC6A72BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8033BC031FC6A72BF" blockId="7.[264,1322,284,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD8033BC031FE0A720C" box="[264,389,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Etymology</emphasis>
The species name is dedicated to Peter Chandler, Melksham,
<collectingCountry id="F36A760FED06FFD80636C069FBBD7267" box="[1029,1074,324,350]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">UK</collectingCountry>
, in recognition of his invaluable contribution to the study of the
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED06FFD800C8C041FC1D72BC" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[763,914,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Diadocidiidae" genus="Heterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD800C8C041FC1D72BC" box="[763,914,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Heterotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3676514ED06FFD8033BC091FE3D702F" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8033BC091FE0672EC" blockId="7.[264,1322,444,790]" box="[264,393,444,469]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD8033BC091FE0672EC" box="[264,393,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8030BC0C9FE3D702F" blockId="7.[264,1322,444,790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED06FFD8030BC0C9FD2672C4" authorityName="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa" authorityYear="2006" box="[312,681,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Rangomaramidae" genus="Rhynchoheterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chandleri">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD8030BC0C9FD2672C4" box="[312,681,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Rhynchoheterotricha chandleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED06FFD801F3C0C9FB0372C4" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1960" box="[960,1164,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Rangomaramidae" genus="Rhynchoheterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuckenbergae">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD801F3C0C9FB0372C4" box="[960,1164,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">R. stuckenbergae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the short proboscis, which is only about half the height of the head, not several times longer, and by having the membrane widely setose on the apical half of the wing. In the male hypopygium, the characters of the appendages on tergite 9 distinguish the two species. In
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED06FFD8033BC3A9FE5F71A4" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1960" box="[264,464,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Rangomaramidae" genus="Rhynchoheterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuckenbergae">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD8033BC3A9FE5F71A4" box="[264,464,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">R. stuckenbergae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lateral ones are broader than the medial ones and the latter are widely separated from each other, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D1CED06FFD800D4C381FCF371FC" authorityName="Hippa &amp; Vilkamaa" authorityYear="2006" box="[743,892,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Rangomaramidae" genus="Rhynchoheterotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chandleri">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD800D4C381FCF371FC" box="[743,892,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">R. chandleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lateral appendages are narrow, similar to the medial ones, and the latter are close to one another so that they have a short common base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3676514ED06FFD8033BC259FBBE7738" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8033BC259FE7570B7" blockId="7.[264,506,884,910]" box="[264,506,884,910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD8033BC259FE7570B7" bold="true" box="[264,506,884,910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8033BC292FBBE7738" blockId="7.[264,1323,959,1025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
We thank Peter Chandler, Melksham,
<collectingCountry id="F36A760FED06FFD800E2C292FD7170E0" box="[721,766,959,985]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">UK</collectingCountry>
, for critical comments on the manuscript. The English language of this paper was checked by Dr. Adrian Pont,
<collectingCountry id="F36A760FED06FFD801CCC2CAFBA27738" box="[1023,1069,999,1025]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">UK</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3676514ED06FFD8033BC573FD127639" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8033BC573FE1F7741" blockId="7.[264,400,1118,1144]" box="[264,400,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD8033BC573FE1F7741" bold="true" box="[264,400,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">References</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8033BC584FD127639" blockId="7.[264,1324,1193,1473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<bibRef id="52DDA269ED06FFD8033BC584FD127639" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refId="ref1834" type="journal article">
<author id="53C0DE7AED06FFD8033BC584FE0277F9" box="[264,397,1193,1216]" case="TC" fns="I" in="P." ins="D" ln="Chandler" lnc="TC" npo="LnFn" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Chandler, P.</author>
(
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)
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<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD803D4C587FDE077F8" box="[487,623,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Heterotricha</emphasis>
Loew and allied genera (Diptera: Sciaroidea): offshoots of the stem group of Mycetophilidae and/or Sciaridae?
</title>
<journalOrPublisher id="51BC3C53ED06FFD80151C5E7FE4E7638" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
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(1
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<subSubSection id="C3676514ED06FFD8033BC424FB3576F9" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8033BC424FC4E7679" blockId="7.[264,1324,1193,1473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
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(
<year id="FFD577CCED06FFD803AAC424FE5F7619" box="[409,464,1289,1312]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">1951</year>
)
<title id="F979DDA9ED06FFD803D2C424FDD97679" jopScore="0.7546232" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part III—Mycetophilidae. The British Museum (Natural History)</title>
,
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,
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</bibRef>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8033BC464FD5076B9" blockId="7.[264,1324,1193,1473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
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(
<year id="FFD577CCED06FFD803A1C464FE457659" box="[402,458,1353,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">1960</year>
)
<title id="F979DDA9ED06FFD803E4C464FAA77659" box="[471,1320,1353,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">A new genus and species of Sciaridae (Diptera, Nematocera) from South Africa</title>
.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD8030BC447FDE176B8" box="[312,622,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<journalOrPublisher id="51BC3C53ED06FFD8030BC447FDE576B8" box="[312,618,1386,1409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Annals of the Natal Museum</journalOrPublisher>
,
</emphasis>
<part id="FFD99C02ED06FFD80046C444FD1D76B9" box="[629,658,1385,1408]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="volume">25</part>
,
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2369FED06FFD8033BC4A4FB3576F9" blockId="7.[264,1324,1193,1473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<bibRef id="52DDA269ED06FFD8033BC4A4FB3576F9" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refId="ref1957" type="journal article">
<author id="53C0DE7AED06FFD8033BC4A4FEFC7699" box="[264,371,1417,1440]" case="TC" fns="I" in="H." ins="D" ln="Hippa" lnc="TC" npo="LnFn" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Hippa, H.</author>
&amp;
<author id="53C0DE7AED06FFD803ABC4A4FD967699" box="[408,537,1417,1440]" case="TC" fns="I" in="P." ins="D" ln="Vilkamaa" lnc="TC" npo="LnIn" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Vilkamaa P.</author>
(
<year id="FFD577CCED06FFD8001BC4A4FDEF7699" box="[552,608,1417,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">2005</year>
)
<title id="F979DDA9ED06FFD80043C4A4FD4676F9" jopScore="0.15399122" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
The genus
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD800DBC4A7FCE37698" box="[744,876,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Sciarotricha</emphasis>
gen. n. (Sciaridae) and the phylogeny of recent and fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera)
</title>
.
<emphasis id="B909EA8DED06FFD800E7C487FBA876F8" box="[724,1063,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<journalOrPublisher id="51BC3C53ED06FFD800E7C487FBAD76F8" box="[724,1058,1450,1473]" jopScore="0.5627623" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution</journalOrPublisher>
,
</emphasis>
<part id="FFD99C02ED06FFD8061EC484FBC576F9" box="[1069,1098,1449,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="volume">36</part>
,
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