212 lines
22 KiB
XML
212 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="246B6B1DC03B5127208F118C35A187F5">The phylogenetIc posItIon and taxonomIc status of the RaInbow Tree Snake Gonyophis margaritatus (Peters, 1871) (Squamata: ColubrIdae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0563D159DBE0055EDE35A4D30CEC8752">Chen, Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4726026E3B0EF56899FBBC9CFEE1967">Grismer, L. Lee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72C5DCC75D2FF028253951C3AEBB4681">Matsui, Masafumi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4617AE8EA31D2AD0DAE1AF9E79229AB">Nishikawa, Kanto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="731026412ED9D2E911768641D27A3D3E">Burbrink, Frank T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7E4945363C8FC682155EC7D9C1D95874">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="61FAB258AA86D3EC06D6B9CCCE0EC1F7">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="081C747D01FE6630C6116D21380FDDF8">3881</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D48782F77B1C33FF797A1AFD69FA09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6135104" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119593094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6135104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D48782F77B1C33FF797A1AFD69FA09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D48782F77B1C33FF797A1AFD69FA09" lastPageNumber="537" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
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<subSubSection id="C367651FF77B1C33FF797A1AFB5AFDBB" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC23694F77B1C33FF797A1AF9AFFDF8" blockId="5.[151,392,538,564]" box="[151,392,538,564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
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<heading id="D08A81F8F77B1C33FF797A1AF9AFFDF8" bold="true" box="[151,392,538,564]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FF797A1AF9AFFDF8" authority="Wagler" authorityName="Wagler" box="[151,392,538,564]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FF797A1AF9AFFDF8" bold="true" box="[151,392,538,564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
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<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FF797A1AF901FDF8" bold="true" box="[151,294,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyosoma</emphasis>
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Wagler
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC23694F77B1C33FF797A62FB5AFDBB" blockId="5.[151,1180,609,723]" box="[151,893,609,631]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FF797A62F9BAFDBB" authority="Wagler, 1828" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,413,609,631]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FF797A62F937FDBB" box="[151,272,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyosoma</emphasis>
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Wagler, 1828
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54C68836F77B1C33FE477A62F9FCFDBB" box="[425,475,610,631]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FDDF7A62FB5AFDBB" authority="Boie" authorityName="Boie" box="[561,893,609,631]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalum">
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<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FDDF7A62FB11FDBB" box="[561,822,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyosoma oxycephalum</emphasis>
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(Boie)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C367651FF77B1C33FF797A80FCBBFD1F" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC23694F77B1C33FF797A80FBADFD78" blockId="5.[151,1180,609,723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FF797A80F991FD5A" authority="Boulenger, 1891" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,438,640,662]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FF797A80F922FD5A" box="[151,261,640,662]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyophis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B65F77B1C33FEE57A80F991FD5A" author="Boulenger" box="[267,438,640,662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1891) On new or little-known Indian and Malayan reptiles and Batrachians. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 288 - 290. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939109460437" type="journal article" year="1891">Boulenger, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54C68836F77B1C33FE517A81F9D6FD5A" box="[447,497,641,662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FDA97A80FBB1FD5A" authority="Peters" authorityName="Peters" box="[583,918,640,662]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
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<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FDA97A80FB19FD5A" box="[583,830,640,662]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyophis margaritatus</emphasis>
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(Peters)
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy Syn.n.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FF797A9EF9A8FD78" authority="Vogt, 1922" authorityName="Vogt" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,399,670,692]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhadinophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FF797A9EF930FD78" box="[151,279,670,692]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Rhadinophis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B65F77B1C33FEF37A9FF9A8FD78" author="Vogt" box="[285,399,670,692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refString="Vogt, T. (1922) Zur Reptilien-und Amphibienfauna Sudchinas. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 88 (A), 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1922">Vogt, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54C68836F77B1C33FE767A9FF9EDFD78" box="[408,458,671,692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FDCE7A9EFB5EFD78" authority="(Gray) Syn." authorityName="(Gray) Syn." box="[544,889,670,692]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhadinophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenatus">
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<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FDCE7A9EFADEFD78" box="[544,761,670,692]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Rhadinophis frenatus</emphasis>
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||
(Gray)
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A57FDF77B1C33FCA77A9EFB5EFD78" box="[841,889,670,692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
n.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC23694F77B1C33FF797ABDFCBBFD1F" blockId="5.[151,1180,609,723]" box="[151,1180,701,723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FF797ABDF9EDFD1F" authority="Mocquard, 1897" authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,458,701,723]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhynchophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FF797ABDF93DFD1F" box="[151,282,701,723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Rhynchophis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B65F77B1C33FECE7ABDF9EDFD1F" author="Mocquard" box="[288,458,701,723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refString="Mocquard, F. (1897) Notes herpetologiques. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 3, 211 - 217. [Series. 1]" type="journal article" year="1897">Mocquard, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54C68836F77B1C33FE3D7ABEFA22FD1F" box="[467,517,702,723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FDB27ABDFBE3FD1F" authority="Mocquard" authorityName="Mocquard" box="[604,964,701,723]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhynchophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
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<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FDB27ABDFB74FD1F" box="[604,851,701,723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Rhynchophis boulengeri</emphasis>
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Mocquard
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy Syn.n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C367651FF77B1C33FF797AFFFD69FA09" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC23694F77B1C33FF797AFFFAB2FB4C" blockId="5.[151,1437,767,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
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||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FF797AFFF936FCD4" bold="true" box="[151,273,767,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FE4D7B00FA0EFCDB" box="[419,553,768,791]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FE4D7B00FA0EFCDB" box="[419,553,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyosoma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is comprised of six currently recognized species (
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||
<tableCitation id="C6FF032FF77B1C33FB6B7AFFFCC7FCD4" box="[1157,1248,767,792]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,236,155,178]" captionText="TABLE 3. Species synonymized into the genus Gonyosoma." pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Table 3</tableCitation>
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||
), which form a monophyletic group based on Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference using six genes. Morphological characters for this genus are listed as follows: body size from medium to large (
|
||
<quantity id="4C859B71F77B1C33FBC67B48FC48FC93" box="[1064,1135,840,864]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" unit="cm" value="80.0">80 cm</quantity>
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to
|
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<quantity id="4C859B71F77B1C33FB787B48FCD7FCAC" box="[1174,1264,840,864]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" unit="cm" value="240.0">240 cm</quantity>
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||
); body slender, compressed, head elongated and distinct from neck; relatively large eyes with round pupil; tail relatively long (20% to 30% of total length) and slender; various color patterns represented but generally displaying some green, yellowish or tan ground color; single preocular; postoculars two; mid-body dorsal scales rows 19 or 23; mid-dorsal scales smooth or weakly keeled; 186–257 ventral scales with well-developed lateral keels; 91–149 paired subcaudals; precloacal plate usually divided (some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FD3D7BFDFBEEFBD8" box="[723,969,1021,1044]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prasinum">
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||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FD3D7BFDFBEEFBD8" box="[723,969,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyosoma prasinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations remain undivided); primarily arboreal or semi-arboreal and mainly found in tropical rain forest or subtropical montane forest habitats; distribution extends from Southern
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<collectingCountry id="F36A7604F77B1C33FDC77C44FA48FB91" box="[553,623,1092,1117]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">China</collectingCountry>
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||
, Southeast Asia and South Asia; diurnal; oviparous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B65F77B1C33FB2B7C44FD71FB91" author="Schulz" box="[1221,1366,1092,1117]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refString="Schulz, K. D. (1996) A monograph of the colubrid snakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinge r. Koeltz Scientific Books, Wurselen, 439 pp." type="book" year="1996">Schulz 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B65F77B1C33FA8D7C44F8F4FB4C" author="Zhao" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refString="Zhao, E. (2006) Snakes of China. Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, China, 369 pp." type="book" year="2006">Zhao 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B65F77B1C33FF337C68F96BFB4C" author="Das" box="[221,332,1128,1152]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers Ltd, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B65F77B1C33FEB97C67FAAEFB4C" author="Schulz" box="[343,649,1127,1152]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refString="Schulz, K. D. & Gumprecht, A. (2013) Undercover in the rainforest canopy: The rainbow tree snake Gonyophis margaritatu s. In: Schulz, K. D. (Ed.), Old World Ratsnakes. A collection of paper s. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, pp. 395 - 402." type="book chapter" year="2013">Schulz & Gumprecht 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC23694F77B1C33FF297C8CFD69FA09" blockId="5.[151,1437,767,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
|
||
Finally, our reconstructed phylogeny indicates that the two tropical clades comprising the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FAF87C8DFDBBFB68" box="[1302,1436,1165,1188]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FAF87C8DFDBBFB68" box="[1302,1436,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FF247CAFF941FB04" box="[202,358,1199,1224]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coelognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FF247CAFF941FB04" box="[202,358,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Coelognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not closely related to the Old World and New World ratsnake assemblages as typically considered in the literature (Schultz 1996; Utiger et al. 2002, Burbrink & Lawson 2007), which currently includes the New World tribe Lampropeltini and the Old World genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FC4A7CF7FAF9FAF9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FC4A7CF7FC71FADC" box="[932,1110,1271,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oreocryptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oreocryptophis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FB877CF7FCCBFADC" box="[1129,1260,1271,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Archelaphe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archelaphe</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FB117CF7FDBFFADC" box="[1279,1432,1271,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Euprepiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Euprepiophis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FF797D1CF939FAF9" box="[151,286,1308,1333]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Orthriophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Orthriophis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FEC67D1CF95DFAF9" box="[296,378,1308,1333]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Elaphe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Elaphe</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FE6B7D1CF9D1FAF9" box="[389,502,1308,1333]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhinechis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinechis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FDEF7D1DFA44FAF8" box="[513,611,1309,1332]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zamenis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FD837D1CFAF9FAF9" box="[621,734,1308,1333]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coronella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coronella</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FCFD7D1CFBBEFAF9" box="[787,921,1308,1333]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oocatochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FCFD7D1CFBBEFAF9" box="[787,921,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Oocatochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FBF87D1DFCBBFAF8" box="[1046,1180,1309,1332]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FBF87D1DFCBBFAF8" box="[1046,1180,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FB477D1CFD62FAF9" box="[1193,1349,1308,1333]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coelognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FB477D1CFD62FAF9" box="[1193,1349,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Coelognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the ratsnake radiation group all originated around the early Miocene (~25–20 Ma), comparison of the species richness of the three groups shows obvious asymmetries in biodiversity (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FC827D65FBD5FAB0" box="[876,1010,1381,1404]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FC827D65FBD5FAB0" box="[876,1010,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Gonyosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 6 taxa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D17F77B1C33FB8B7D64FD26FAB1" box="[1125,1281,1380,1405]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coelognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EA86F77B1C33FB8B7D64FD26FAB1" box="[1125,1281,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Coelognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 5 taxa, and the ratsnakes = ~70 taxa), implying that the tropical Asian environment has not provided more opportunities for species divergence within these two genera or extinction has been elevated relative to the temperate groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |