482 lines
69 KiB
XML
482 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7837067" ID-ZooBank="0018046C-76BA-42AA-8F3D-171663333366" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1681730253492" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lacerda, Mauro B. S., Aragão, Paulo R. L., Vieira, Fabiana S., Sales, Marcos A. F. & Liparini, Alexandre" docDate="2023" docId="03BEE93DFFB18F276FE6EF99DCBAF34C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5264.4.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5264 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Baryonychinae Charig & Milner 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="533" masterDocId="FF879145FFB48F2F6F71EB1FDD41F20D" masterDocTitle="On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America" masterLastPageNumber="544" masterPageNumber="526" pageNumber="531" updateTime="1681731186173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lacerda, Mauro B. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270 - 901, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aragão, Paulo R. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-1699-173X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100 - 000, Brazil. & pauloricardo. bio @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1699 - 173 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pauloricardo.bio@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vieira, Fabiana S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5268-7826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100 - 000, Brazil. & fabiannavieiragjr @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5268 - 7826</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">fabiannavieiragjr@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sales, Marcos A. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-2292-578X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Campus Acopiara, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Acopiara, Ceará 63560 - 000, Brazil. marcos. paleo @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2292 - 578 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcos.paleo@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liparini, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270 - 901, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-17</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5264</mods:number>
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:start>526</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BEE93DFFB18F276FE6EF99DCBAF34C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BEE93DFFB18F276FE6EF99DCBAF34C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<subSubSection box="[151,549,1158,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[151,549,1158,1221]" box="[151,549,1158,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,549,1158,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,549,1158,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Charig & Milner" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,340,1158,1184]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baryonychinae">Baryonychinae</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. indet.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[151,549,1158,1221]" box="[151,217,1195,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<figureCitation box="[151,217,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,472,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Morphological description:</emphasis>
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The three referred specimens LPUFS 5860, LPUFS 5870, and LPUFS 5871 are isolated crowns presenting the same general morphotype (
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<figureCitation box="[808,879,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). The teeth are well-preserved and have a similar taphonomical pattern of others at the same site (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lacerda, M. B. S. & de Andrade, M. B. & Sales, M. A. F. & Vieira, F. S. & Bittencourt, J. S. & Liparini, A." box="[711,943,1339,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" pagination="105463" refId="ref13168" refString="Lacerda, M. B. S., de Andrade, M. B., Sales, M. A. F., Arag " o, P. R. L., Vieira, F. S., Bittencourt, J. S. & Liparini, A. (2023) The vertebrate fossil record from the Feliz Deserto Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Sergipe, NE Brazil: paleoecological, taphonomic, and paleobiogeographic implications. Cretaceous Research, 147, 105463. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2022.105463" type="journal article" year="2023">
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Lacerda
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<emphasis box="[813,873,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">et al.</emphasis>
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2023
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The length of the crowns varies between
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<quantity box="[151,252,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" unit="mm" value="17.2">17.2 mm</quantity>
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and
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<quantity box="[307,409,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="531" unit="mm" value="32.5">32.5 mm</quantity>
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, and the specimens share: the conidont morphology, the main crown curvature being in the mesiodistal plane, the presence of labial and lingual enamel flutes, the denticulated mesial and distal carinae being centrally positioned, the absence of interdenticular sulci, veined enamel texture (wrinkled enamel), and the carinae reaching the cervix/root.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1266,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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LPUFS 5860 (
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<figureCitation box="[361,427,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A-H) is a completely preserved crown with a subcircular cross-sectional outline (
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<figureCitation box="[1337,1424,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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). The tooth surface has eleven well-demarcated flutes in the lingual plane and nine less-demarcated flutes on the labial surface of the crown. The flutes, in general, are equally spaced, extending from the cervix to the apex (
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<figureCitation box="[1289,1374,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
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). The distal carina is better developed (more extensive) than the mesial one, being both serrated with diminutive denticles (being 7 denticles per millimetre) composed of both the dentin and enamel (
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<figureCitation box="[1026,1115,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
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) and lacking interdenticular sulci. The denticles have similar sizes along the carina and also when comparing both the mesial and distal carinae. The enamel ornamentation is arranged in a veined manner. Only a small wear surface is present at the apex of the crown (
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<figureCitation box="[236,324,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1266,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">
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LPUFS 5870 (
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<figureCitation box="[366,434,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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I-P) is a more robust tooth crown, preserving the mid crown and a small portion of the root. The cross-section of the specimen is subcircular in outline (
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<figureCitation box="[891,987,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2M</figureCitation>
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). The main crown curvature is noted in the mesiodistal plane; however, a subtle labiolingual curvature is also present. In the labial side the tooth has eleven flutes, and in the lingual plane are counted twelve flutes, some of which are also demarcated in the dentine below the enamel wear (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[358,451,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="531">Fig. 2N</figureCitation>
|
||
), which are well-developed and equally spaced. Both carinae are well-developed, the mesial one extends slightly to the cervix, with its denticles (being 6 to 7 denticles per mm) composed of both dentin and enamel (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[301,389,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Fig. 2P</figureCitation>
|
||
). The individual minute denticles are equal in size, lacking interdenticular sulci. The main texturization of the enamel is veined arranged. In the apical-most portion, a round wear surface is noted in the tooth crown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[236,332,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Fig. 2M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" startId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" targetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,1696,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,1696,1720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Charig & Milner" authorityYear="1986" box="[427,580,1696,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baryonychinae">Baryonychinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1130,1148,1696,1720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">A</emphasis>
|
||
, mesial view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1292,1309,1696,1720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">B</emphasis>
|
||
, distal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,169,1732,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">C</emphasis>
|
||
, labial view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[305,323,1732,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">D</emphasis>
|
||
, lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[473,490,1732,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">E</emphasis>
|
||
, apical view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[630,645,1732,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">F</emphasis>
|
||
, highlight of flutes (out of scale);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[987,1007,1732,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">G</emphasis>
|
||
, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,171,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">H</emphasis>
|
||
, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[497,507,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">I</emphasis>
|
||
, mesial view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[658,671,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">J</emphasis>
|
||
, distal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[810,830,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">K</emphasis>
|
||
, labial view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,988,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">L</emphasis>
|
||
, lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1143,1167,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">M</emphasis>
|
||
, apical view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1313,1331,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">N</emphasis>
|
||
, highlight of flutes (out of scale);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[388,408,1804,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">O</emphasis>
|
||
, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,863,1804,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">P</emphasis>
|
||
, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1183,1203,1804,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">Q</emphasis>
|
||
, mesial view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1350,1368,1804,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">R</emphasis>
|
||
, distal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[214,228,1840,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">S</emphasis>
|
||
, labial view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[369,386,1840,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">T</emphasis>
|
||
, lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[539,557,1840,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">U</emphasis>
|
||
, apical view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[702,720,1840,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">V</emphasis>
|
||
, highlight of flutes (out of scale);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1073,1098,1840,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">W</emphasis>
|
||
, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[253,271,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">X</emphasis>
|
||
, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[784,804,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[817,832,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">P</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[890,908,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">X</emphasis>
|
||
scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,189,1912,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">dca</emphasis>
|
||
-distal carina;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[334,359,1912,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">de</emphasis>
|
||
-denticles;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[471,505,1912,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">ent</emphasis>
|
||
-enamel surface texture;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[756,786,1912,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">flu</emphasis>
|
||
-flutes;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[864,909,1912,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="532">mca</emphasis>
|
||
-mesial carina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
LPUFS 5871 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[370,439,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-X) is the smallest and more taphonomic damaged crown, lacking the root entirely. The cross-section is nearly circular in outline (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[681,770,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Fig. 2U</figureCitation>
|
||
) (however, see Multivariate analyses section and
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1336,1423,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="4.[151,170,819,847]" captionText="TABLE 2. Teeth morphometrics (mm)." pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). At least fourteen flutes are noted on the labial surface, some of which do not reach the apex (and therefore may overestimate the flute count); the lingual surface of the crown has at least eleven well-demarcated flutes composed by the dentin and enamel. The distal carina is poorly preserved in LPUFS 5871 specimen, however the mesial one is well-developed with equally sized diminutive denticles (being 7 denticles per mm) on the mid-to-apex portion of the carina distributed without the presence of interdenticular sulci (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[898,988,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Fig. 2X</figureCitation>
|
||
). The enamel ornamentation is arranged in a veined manner mainly noted in the base of the lingual surface. A small and round wear surface is present at the apex of the crown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[368,458,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Fig. 2U</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,537,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Morphological comparisons:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<specimenCount box="[604,789,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
LPUFS 5860, LPUFS 5870, and LPUFS 5871 present a conidont morphology (composed of a conical crown and flutes distributed on the labial and lingual enamel surfaces), different from the ziphodont morphology (comprising a narrow crown labiolingually distally curved), which is observed in some archosaurs and the vast majority of theropod species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrade, M. B. & Young, M. T. & Desojo, J. B. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[1074,1306,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="1451 - 1465" refId="ref10524" refString="Andrade, M. B., Young, M. T., Desojo, J. B. & Brusatte, S. L. (2010) The evolution of extreme hypercarnivory in Metriorhynchidae (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia) based on evidence from microscopic denticle morphology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30 (5), 1451 - 1465. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2010.501442" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Andrade
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1238,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="982797" refId="ref12235" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2015 a) A proposed terminology of theropod teeth (Dinosauria, Saurischia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (5), e 982797. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2015.982797" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Hendrickx
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,208,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,b; 2019). In a complementary way, the materials described here present a feature considered typical in theropod dinosaurs, which is the mesiodistal plane as the main plane of curvature of the dental crown, a characteristic that allows the differentiation of these materials from conidont teeth of crocodyliforms (mainly Neosuchia), which generally have the main plain of curvature of the crown in the labiolingual direction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sanchez-Hernandez, B. & Benton, M. J. & Naish, D." pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="180 - 215" refId="ref14014" refString="Sanchez-Hernandez, B., Benton, M. J. & Naish, D. (2007) Dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of the Galve area, NE Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 249, 180 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2007.01.009" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Sánchez-Hernández
|
||
<emphasis box="[1378,1437,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buffetaut, E. & Suteethorn, V. & Tong, H. & Amiot, R." box="[223,460,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="745 - 748" refId="ref11157" refString="Buffetaut, E., Suteethorn, V., Tong, H. & Amiot, R. (2008) An Early Cretaceous spinosaurid theropod from southern China. Geological Magazine, 145 (5), 745 - 748. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756808005360" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Buffetaut
|
||
<emphasis box="[336,393,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buffetaut, E. & Suteethorn, S. & Suteethorn, V. & Tong, H. & Wongko, K." box="[473,532,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="239 - 243" refId="ref11090" refString="Buffetaut, E., Suteethorn, S., Suteethorn, V., Tong, H. & Wongko, K. (2019) Spinosaurid teeth from the Lower Cretaceous of Ko Kut, eastern Thailand. Annales de Paleontologie, 105 (3), 239 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. annpal. 2019.03.006" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hone, D. W. E. & Xu, X. & Wang, D. Y." box="[545,738,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref12676" refString="Hone, D. W. E., Xu, X. & Wang, D. Y. (2010) A probable baryonychine (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) tooth from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan Province, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 48 (1), 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hone
|
||
<emphasis box="[613,671,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sales
|
||
<emphasis box="[817,874,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017). Even ziphodont crocodyliforms (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Riff, D. & Kellner, A. W. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref13832" refString="Riff, D. & Kellner, A. W. A. (2001) On the dentition of Baurusuchus pachecoi price (Crocodyliformes, Metasuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, 59, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2001">Riff & Kellner 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) can be distinguished from the materials described here by the curvature of the crown and the size/ morphology of the denticles. Furthermore, the teeth described here can be distinguished from marine reptiles (e.g., plesiosaurs) on the basis of compression and enamel morphology, in addition to the presence of minute denticles on the carinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hone, D. W. E. & Xu, X. & Wang, D. Y." box="[288,480,907,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref12676" refString="Hone, D. W. E., Xu, X. & Wang, D. Y. (2010) A probable baryonychine (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) tooth from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan Province, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 48 (1), 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hone
|
||
<emphasis box="[357,413,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buffetaut, E. & Suteethorn, S. & Suteethorn, V. & Tong, H. & Wongko, K." box="[491,727,907,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="239 - 243" refId="ref11090" refString="Buffetaut, E., Suteethorn, S., Suteethorn, V., Tong, H. & Wongko, K. (2019) Spinosaurid teeth from the Lower Cretaceous of Ko Kut, eastern Thailand. Annales de Paleontologie, 105 (3), 239 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. annpal. 2019.03.006" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Buffetaut
|
||
<emphasis box="[603,659,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
Unlike other theropods, the teeth of spinosaurids have a subcircular-elliptical cross-section, straighter crowns, and a deeply veined or anastomosed enamel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alonso, A. & Canudo, J. I." box="[675,955,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="823 - 834" refId="ref10469" refString="Alonso, A. & Canudo, J. I. (2016) On the spinosaurid theropod teeth from the early Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Blesa Formation (Spain). Historical Biology, 28 (6), 823 - 834. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2015.1036751" type="journal article" year="2016">Alonso & Canudo 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." box="[968,1235,978,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="982797" refId="ref12235" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2015 a) A proposed terminology of theropod teeth (Dinosauria, Saurischia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (5), e 982797. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2015.982797" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Hendrickx
|
||
<emphasis box="[1095,1154,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." box="[1249,1310,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12337" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2019) The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 820" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on the mentioned features, it is possible to differ the LPUFS specimens from non-archosaur reptiles; moreover, the conidont morphology, the mesiodistal plane of curvature as the main plane, the wrinkled enamel at the base of the tooth crown, the presence of mesiodistal carinae reaching the crown cervix, and the distribution of flutes on the labial and lingual sides (although variable in spinosaurids -
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alonso, A. & Canudo, J. I." box="[824,1097,1123,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="823 - 834" refId="ref10469" refString="Alonso, A. & Canudo, J. I. (2016) On the spinosaurid theropod teeth from the early Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Blesa Formation (Spain). Historical Biology, 28 (6), 823 - 834. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2015.1036751" type="journal article" year="2016">Alonso & Canudo 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), allow us to safely assign the specimens as belonging to spinosaurids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
As noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." box="[353,631,1195,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12337" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2019) The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 820" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hendrickx
|
||
<emphasis box="[483,543,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, tooth enamel in spinosaurids may be veined in texture, as observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[184,291,1231,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,291,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Baryonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[310,452,1231,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[310,452,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Suchomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[470,608,1231,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Spinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[470,608,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Spinosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mateus & Estraviz-Lopez 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Mateus & Estraviz-Lopez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[679,1208,1231,1257]" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Iberospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[679,810,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Iberospinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mateus, O. & Estraviz-Lopez, D." box="[829,1200,1231,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="0262614" refId="ref13478" refString="Mateus, O. & Estraviz-Lopez, D. (2022) A new theropod dinosaur from the early Cretaceous (Barremian) of Cabo Espichel, Portugal: Implications for spinosaurid evolution. PloS One, 17 (2), e 0262614. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0262614" type="journal article" year="2022">Mateus & Estraviz-López 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or it may have an anastomosing texture, particularly noted in some
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[723,861,1267,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Spinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[723,861,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Spinosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals. The materials described here present enamel with a veined texture, most similar to the morphology noted in baryonychines, as well as the presence of labial and lingual enamel flutes common in spinosaurids, albeit some unfluted teeth are also known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fowler, D." box="[1284,1431,1339,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="76" refId="ref11782" refString="Fowler, D. (2007) Recently rediscovered baryonychine teeth (Dinosauria: Theropoda): New morphologic data, range extension & similarity to Ceratosaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27 (3), 76 A." type="journal article" year="2007">Fowler 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hone, D. W. E. & Xu, X. & Wang, D. Y." box="[151,345,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref12676" refString="Hone, D. W. E., Xu, X. & Wang, D. Y. (2010) A probable baryonychine (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) tooth from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan Province, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 48 (1), 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hone
|
||
<emphasis box="[220,276,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Even with some degree of variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[803,910,1375,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[803,910,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Baryonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, flutes are present on both sides of the crowns in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[179,321,1411,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,321,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Suchomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hendrickx et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Hendrickx" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[374,785,1411,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[374,517,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Suchosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." box="[531,777,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12337" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2019) The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 820" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hendrickx
|
||
<emphasis box="[658,713,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as in the materials described here. As described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C." box="[151,421,1447,1473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref11396" refString="Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C. (1997) Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum: Geology Series, 53, 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig & Milner (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[432,539,1447,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[432,539,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Baryonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents teeth with six to eight flutes; meanwhile
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1095,1238,1447,1473]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1095,1238,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Suchosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents between ten and 12 flutes; and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[408,550,1483,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[408,550,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Suchomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between two and ten (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." box="[810,1066,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12337" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2019) The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 820" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hendrickx
|
||
<emphasis box="[939,997,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The largest number of flutes is noted in spinosaurines, approximately
|
||
<quantity box="[586,643,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" unit="in" value="24.0">24 in</quantity>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Buffetaut et al. 2008)" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[663,831,1519,1545]" family="Pliosauridae" genus="Sinopliosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[663,831,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Sinopliosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buffetaut, E. & Suteethorn, V. & Tong, H. & Amiot, R." box="[858,1096,1519,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="745 - 748" refId="ref11157" refString="Buffetaut, E., Suteethorn, V., Tong, H. & Amiot, R. (2008) An Early Cretaceous spinosaurid theropod from southern China. Geological Magazine, 145 (5), 745 - 748. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756808005360" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Buffetaut
|
||
<emphasis box="[973,1029,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<quantity box="[1164,1221,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
|
||
materials referring to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hendrickx et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Hendrickx" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[179,587,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Spinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,317,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Spinosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." box="[331,579,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12337" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2019) The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 820" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hendrickx
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,512,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The teeth described here show a number of flutes greater than that generally observed in baryonychines, but smaller than that observed in non-serrated crowns of spinosaurine (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buffetaut, E. & Suteethorn, S. & Suteethorn, V. & Tong, H. & Wongko, K." pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="239 - 243" refId="ref11090" refString="Buffetaut, E., Suteethorn, S., Suteethorn, V., Tong, H. & Wongko, K. (2019) Spinosaurid teeth from the Lower Cretaceous of Ko Kut, eastern Thailand. Annales de Paleontologie, 105 (3), 239 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. annpal. 2019.03.006" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Buffetaut
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,207,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
Compared with other baryonychine teeth (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fowler, D." box="[718,862,1663,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="76" refId="ref11782" refString="Fowler, D. (2007) Recently rediscovered baryonychine teeth (Dinosauria: Theropoda): New morphologic data, range extension & similarity to Ceratosaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27 (3), 76 A." type="journal article" year="2007">Fowler 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo, J. I. & Gasulla, J. M. & Gomez-Fernandez D. & Ortega, F. & Sanz, J." box="[872,1084,1663,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="649 - 662" refId="ref11211" refString="Canudo, J. I., Gasulla, J. M., Gomez-Fernandez D., Ortega, F., Sanz, J. L & Yag ¸ e, P. (2008) Primera evidencia de dientes aislados atribuidos a Spinosauridae (Theropoda) en el Aptiano inferior (Cretacico Inferior) de Europa: Formacion Arcillas de Morella (Espana). Ameghiniana, 45 (4), 649 - 662." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[964,1019,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the flutes approach the carinae more closely, and are “thinner” (less deep, and closer spaced) in the specimens described here. The morphofunction of the fluted crowns is probably broad, however, this structure may be related to some perforation/gripping function, in this way the sharp ridges allow the perforation of the skin and enlargement the flesh as the tooth penetrates, as well as keeping slippery prey trapped in the mouth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C." box="[678,934,1807,1833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref11396" refString="Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C. (1997) Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum: Geology Series, 53, 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig & Milner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sues, H. - D. & Frey, E. & Martill, D. M. & Scott, D. M." box="[946,1129,1807,1833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="535 - 547" refId="ref14432" refString="Sues, H. - D., Frey, E., Martill, D. M. & Scott, D. M. (2002) Irritator challengeri, a spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22 (3), 535 - 547. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2002) 022 [0535: ICASDT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Sues
|
||
<emphasis box="[1006,1062,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." box="[1140,1389,1807,1833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12337" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2019) The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 820" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hendrickx
|
||
<emphasis box="[1265,1321,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">
|
||
Although baryonychine teeth have a more pronounced distal curvature than in spinosaurine species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alonso, A. & Canudo, J. I." pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="823 - 834" refId="ref10469" refString="Alonso, A. & Canudo, J. I. (2016) On the spinosaurid theropod teeth from the early Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Blesa Formation (Spain). Historical Biology, 28 (6), 823 - 834. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2015.1036751" type="journal article" year="2016">Alonso & Canudo 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the LPUFS specimens have a less pronounced distal curvature of the crown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1197,1267,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,279,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-58@6.[151,1436,273,1672]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Baryonychinae teeth from the Feliz Deserto Formation. LPUFS 5860: A, mesial view; B, distal view; C, labial view; D, lingual view; E, apical view; F, highlight of flutes (out of scale); G, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); H, serrated carina. LPUFS 5870: I, mesial view; J, distal view; K, labial view; L, lingual view; M, apical view; N, highlight of flutes (out of scale); O, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); P, serrated carina. LPUFS 5871: Q, mesial view; R, distal view; S, labial view; T, lingual view; U, apical view; V, highlight of flutes (out of scale); W, highlight of enamel texture (out of scale); X, serrated carina. Scale bars equals 10 mm, but in H, P, and X scale bars equals 1 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: dca-distal carina; de-denticles; ent-enamel surface texture; flu-flutes; mca-mesial carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837076/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Denticles are present in both carinae of LPUFS 5860, LPUFS 5870, and LPUFS 5871, and in general, the denticles are the same size. This feature differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mateus & Estraviz-Lopez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[489,620,1951,1977]" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Iberospinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[489,620,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Iberospinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has smaller mesial denticles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mateus, O. & Estraviz-Lopez, D." box="[1037,1395,1951,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="0262614" refId="ref13478" refString="Mateus, O. & Estraviz-Lopez, D. (2022) A new theropod dinosaur from the early Cretaceous (Barremian) of Cabo Espichel, Portugal: Implications for spinosaurid evolution. PloS One, 17 (2), e 0262614. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0262614" type="journal article" year="2022">Mateus & Estraviz-López 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,258,1987,2012]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,258,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Baryonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the other hand, variation in the size of the denticles is more developed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hendrickx et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Hendrickx" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="534" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1161,1303,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="533">Suchomimus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="7" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12337" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2019) The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 820" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hendrickx
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,209,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the presence of 6-7 minute denticles per millimetre and equal in size, distributed along both carinae lacking the interdenticular sulci (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[686,757,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,756,780]" captionTargetBox="[276,1258,345,733]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[276,1310,345,733]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Denticulated carinae in spinosaurids. A, LPUFS 5860 specimen; B, LPUFS 5870 specimen; C, LPUFS 5871 specimen; D, Baryonyx NHMUK PV R.9951 R.278 specimen; E, Suchomimus MNN G73-3 specimen. Scale bar equals 1 mm. Images D and E extracted and modified from Hendrickx et al. (2019; Fig. 15, p. 59)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837080/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), represents the morphological condition observed only in baryonychine species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C." box="[404,657,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" pagination="11 - 70" refId="ref11396" refString="Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C. (1997) Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum: Geology Series, 53, 11 - 70." type="journal article" year="1997">Charig & Milner 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sereno, P. C. & Beck, A. L. & Dutheil, D. B. & Gado, B. & Larsson, H. C. E. & Lyon, G. H. & Marcot, J. D. & Rauhut, O. W. M. & Sadleir, R. W. & Sidor, C. A. & Varricchio, D. D. & Wilson, G. P. & Wilson, J. A." box="[668,872,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" pagination="1298 - 1302" refId="ref14079" refString="Sereno, P. C., Beck, A. L., Dutheil, D. B., Gado, B., Larsson, H. C. E., Lyon, G. H., Marcot, J. D., Rauhut, O. W. M., Sadleir, R. W., Sidor, C. A., Varricchio, D. D., Wilson, G. P. & Wilson, J. A. (1998) A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids. Science, 282 (5392), 1298 - 1302. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 282.5392.1298" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Sereno
|
||
<emphasis box="[752,807,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Fowler, D." box="[883,1027,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" pagination="76" refId="ref11782" refString="Fowler, D. (2007) Recently rediscovered baryonychine teeth (Dinosauria: Theropoda): New morphologic data, range extension & similarity to Ceratosaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27 (3), 76 A." type="journal article" year="2007">Fowler 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hone, D. W. E. & Xu, X. & Wang, D. Y." box="[1038,1226,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref12676" refString="Hone, D. W. E., Xu, X. & Wang, D. Y. (2010) A probable baryonychine (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) tooth from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan Province, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 48 (1), 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hone
|
||
<emphasis box="[1105,1160,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alonso, A. & Canudo, J. I." pageId="8" pageNumber="534" pagination="823 - 834" refId="ref10469" refString="Alonso, A. & Canudo, J. I. (2016) On the spinosaurid theropod teeth from the early Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Blesa Formation (Spain). Historical Biology, 28 (6), 823 - 834. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2015.1036751" type="journal article" year="2016">Alonso & Canudo 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrickx, C. & Mateus, O. & Araujo, R." box="[224,477,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="534" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12337" refString="Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. & Araujo, R. (2019) The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 820" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hendrickx
|
||
<emphasis box="[351,410,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[491,560,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,756,780]" captionTargetBox="[276,1258,345,733]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[276,1310,345,733]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Denticulated carinae in spinosaurids. A, LPUFS 5860 specimen; B, LPUFS 5870 specimen; C, LPUFS 5871 specimen; D, Baryonyx NHMUK PV R.9951 R.278 specimen; E, Suchomimus MNN G73-3 specimen. Scale bar equals 1 mm. Images D and E extracted and modified from Hendrickx et al. (2019; Fig. 15, p. 59)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837080/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="534">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), which allows the taxonomic attribution of the specimens described here to baryonychines (see discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |