239 lines
32 KiB
XML
239 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="9BA0FF7F2CE34C629E0AED7893887C9B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030434" ID-ZooBank="9A64620A-5346-459A-9330-7E8AE9EBEBDE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1686605028597" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Elmberg, Johan" docDate="2023" docId="03BE87CBFF854A69B8887B5A46B0F988" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5301.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5301 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bufo bufo" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="312" masterDocId="FF87FFB3FF8D4A62B81F7D24450EFF81" masterDocTitle="Amphibians and reptiles in North Sweden: distribution, habitat affinities, and abundance (Classes: Amphibia and Reptilia)" masterLastPageNumber="335" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="309" updateTime="1686605656092" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="1EA3C84E671BE4C98D64E2F893E7BFB2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CADA36A5525928FCB3591B88EA2DC480">
|
||
<mods:title id="4C95716AF356BFCBD7964BD670307A1E">Amphibians and reptiles in North Sweden: distribution, habitat affinities, and abundance (Classes: Amphibia and Reptilia)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="E76C919267AFB00111AC6E1B3B87E654" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7901B0A30F764AC0B7FE6ED4D299363C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FB565C9A1C01A6D712F51D7236F0298F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="190F6A24BB8DE8E1F9DDBE80948A9A55">Elmberg, Johan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="9E3B914CABA55988FB220414DC38BBB3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="9061DC0E9664785275DE40968D446C04" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="80FEB17A40FDCEB716F05F1678DC9F90">
|
||
<mods:title id="3DAE334F3C22447F80038BD258117A7F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="59A2B73579351B9F7B437EA3A36229D6">
|
||
<mods:date id="2C2A6004E15C870A02A708673911ECB3">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C86E3EC2CDE105368E08DBAF05D907FA" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="22A6EE3F0B8144508F7A883211A99037">2023-06-12</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0F584F7CE4805B54C19147E308810E70" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0981E84687B59082EF898B9C959D060F">5301</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B4AD68AE04E3BAF62B812CBBAD8B4B3D" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="E052074901078A4CFB41C83331C7EA46">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="6A06B761377BA496E0300ED82F0D19DA" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="BC5DB786D70F981BC37CC5F955785359">301</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="D07C9A1DCC8113943B9ACA87300F3567">335</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="88C6B4E815ECB4ED5492A8600F75467B">
|
||
<mods:url id="F31CD79E4D1203B280D23E7A91BD0638">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="81924513B0AED9B99C6B78012FA5FDA6">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="90AB2D7F171F91A978F759B63DC2A7B3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A26053EA5F1CD06E3C9782055E531C86" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8D9F1BD3254CA3CAFAAFC1B876C46387" type="Zenodo-Dep">8030434</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="81EDF784BFE2FD7D5169A23DDA223137" type="ZooBank">9A64620A-5346-459A-9330-7E8AE9EBEBDE</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03BE87CBFF854A69B8887B5A46B0F988" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030418" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87CBFF854A69B8887B5A46B0F988" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87CBFF854A69B8887B5A46B0F988" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D6556FF854A6AB8887B5A4782F919" box="[151,652,1662,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8887B5A4782F919" blockId="8.[151,652,1662,1689]" box="[151,652,1662,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B1FF854A6AB8887B5A4782F919" bold="true" box="[151,652,1662,1689]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6AB8887B5A4782F919" bold="true" box="[151,652,1662,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
Common Toad
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF854A6AB9507B5A4782F919" ID-CoL="NP2D" ID-ENA="8384" authority="(Linneaus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linneaus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[335,652,1662,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6AB9507B5A44CAF918" bold="true" box="[335,452,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Bufo bufo</emphasis>
|
||
(Linneaus 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D6556FF854A69B8887BE246B0F988" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8887BE24756F8F0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1734,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6AB8887BE24427F961" bold="true" box="[151,297,1734,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF854A6AB9247BE344ACF960" box="[315,418,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[177,1410,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Bufo bufo in North Sweden. Colored areas of the Baltic are those with widespread occurrence on offshore islands. The extremely isolated offshore occurrence on the islet Bonden is shown by a triangle. Possibly disjunct occurrences in northern Norrbotten and close to the Alpine region in Jämtland are shown by a filled circle. Question marks show areas where presence is possible but has not been documented." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030446/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Included records from
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6ABADC7BE34648F960" box="[707,838,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Artportalen</emphasis>
|
||
(N=1325): all reports have been included from the Southern, Middle, and Northern Boreal. However, in the Alpine region inexperienced observers may confuse this species with locally dark and short-limbed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF854A6ABA637A2B4633F8A9" box="[636,829,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temporaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6ABA637A2B4633F8A9" box="[636,829,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Rana temporaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, only records of calling males, those made by known experienced observers or documented by pictures have been included from the Alpine region and adjacent uppermost parts of the Northern Boreal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8D87A5F4771F85C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1734,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
Widespread and common throughout the Southern and Middle Boreal, scarce but widespread in lower altitudes of the Northern Boreal north to Lule lappmark. The documented northern distribution limit runs near the Arctic Circle but could be farther north (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF854A6ABA107AE7477CF85C" box="[527,626,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[177,1410,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Bufo bufo in North Sweden. Colored areas of the Baltic are those with widespread occurrence on offshore islands. The extremely isolated offshore occurrence on the islet Bonden is shown by a triangle. Possibly disjunct occurrences in northern Norrbotten and close to the Alpine region in Jämtland are shown by a filled circle. Question marks show areas where presence is possible but has not been documented." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030446/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF686655FF844A6BB8877AB34141F879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030442/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" startId="9.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[161,1426,181,1920]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF844A6BB8877AB34141F879" blockId="9.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF844A6BB8877AB34419F82E" bold="true" box="[152,279,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF844A6BB9A87ABC476BF82E" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[439,613,1944,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF844A6BB9A87ABC476BF82E" box="[439,613,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Triturus cristatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North Sweden. Areas colored darker denote more continuous range, and lighter color areas where records are more scattered. Likely disjunct occurrences are shown by filled circles and an offshore record by a triangle. A question mark shows area where presence is likely but has not been documented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF686655FF874A68B8877A48461AF871" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030446/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" startId="10.[152,255,1900,1924]" targetBox="[177,1410,181,1876]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF874A68B8877A48461AF871" blockId="10.[151,1436,1900,2032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF874A68B8877A484415F805" bold="true" box="[152,283,1900,1924]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF874A68B9DA7A484724F805" box="[453,554,1900,1924]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF874A68B9DA7A484724F805" box="[453,554,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Bufo bufo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North Sweden. Colored areas of the Baltic are those with widespread occurrence on offshore islands. The extremely isolated offshore occurrence on the islet Bonden is shown by a triangle. Possibly disjunct occurrences in northern Norrbotten and close to the Alpine region in Jämtland are shown by a filled circle. Question marks show areas where presence is possible but has not been documented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF864A69B8D87DB34625FF78" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C80FF864A69B8D87DB34628FF78" country="Finland" elevation="580" location="Scandic Mountains" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" specimenCount="1">
|
||
As expected, the highest records are from the southern part of the
|
||
<location id="8EC86006FF864A69BBAF7DB34187FF30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87CBFF854A69B8887B5A46B0F988:8EC86006FF864A69BBAF7DB34187FF30" box="[944,1161,151,177]" country="Finland" name="Scandic Mountains" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Scandic Mountains</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B38FF864A69BC877DB241EFFF30" box="[1176,1249,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" unit="m" value="580.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003AD1EEFF864A69BC877DB241EFFF30" box="[1176,1249,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" unit="m" value="580.0">580 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
altitude; Tjovre, Jämtland). Farther north, the highest records in Lycksele lappmark are at
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B38FF864A69BBC37D9E4128FF54" box="[988,1062,186,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" unit="m" value="475.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003AD1EEFF864A69BBC37D9E4128FF54" box="[988,1062,186,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" unit="m" value="475.0">475 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, and at
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B38FF864A69BC9E7D9F41C7FF54" box="[1153,1225,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" unit="m" value="270.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003AD1EEFF864A69BC9E7D9F41C7FF54" box="[1153,1225,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in Lule lappmark, where the northern range limit bends east towards
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F300764DFF864A69BAD27DFB4628FF78" box="[717,806,223,249]" name="Finland" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF864A69B8D87C2744FDFE08" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C80FF864A69B8D87C2744E1FE08" county="Bonden" latitude="63.431946" location="Summertime" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="20.038721" municipality="This" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EC86006FF864A69B8D87C274456FE9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87CBFF854A69B8887B5A46B0F988:8EC86006FF864A69B8D87C274456FE9C" box="[199,344,259,285]" county="Bonden" latitude="63.431946" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="20.038721" municipality="This" name="Summertime" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Summertime</location>
|
||
occurrence and reproduction are known from many far offshore islands along parts of
|
||
<location id="8EC86006FF864A69BD447C27440CFEC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87CBFF854A69B8887B5A46B0F988:8EC86006FF864A69BD447C27440CFEC0" county="Bonden" latitude="63.431946" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="20.038721" municipality="This" name="North Sweden's" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">North Sweden’s</location>
|
||
coast, indicating a very high dispersal capacity over brackish water.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCACA7FF864A69BC097C034146FEC0" box="[1046,1096,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">This</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
is the only amphibian known from the tiny and extremely isolated islet
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C94E51FF864A69BA647C6F47DCFEE4" box="[635,722,331,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Bonden</collectingCounty>
|
||
(Ångermanland,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE23501AFF864A69BB837C6E4133FEE4" box="[924,1085,330,357]" degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" precision="1" seconds="55.0" value="63.431946">63°25’55.0”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE23501AFF864A69BC557C6F41D4FEE4" box="[1098,1242,331,357]" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="2" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" precision="1" seconds="19.4" value="20.038721">20°2’19.4”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF864A69BCF77C6F4045FEE4" box="[1256,1355,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[177,1410,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Bufo bufo in North Sweden. Colored areas of the Baltic are those with widespread occurrence on offshore islands. The extremely isolated offshore occurrence on the islet Bonden is shown by a triangle. Possibly disjunct occurrences in northern Norrbotten and close to the Alpine region in Jämtland are shown by a filled circle. Question marks show areas where presence is possible but has not been documented." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030446/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B38FF864A69B8D17C4A441BFE08" box="[206,277,366,393]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
from the mainland
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF864A69B8D87CB7464BFDE0" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
There are no indications of changes in distribution over the last 50 years. The more extensive occurrence to the north presented here (compared to in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF864A69BA207C934623FE50" author="Gislen T. & Kauri H." box="[575,813,438,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="197 - 397" refId="ref16560" refString="Gislen T. & Kauri H. (1959) Zoogeography of the Swedish amphibians and reptiles, with notes on their growth and ecology. Acta Vertebratica, 1 (3), 197 - 397." type="journal article" year="1959">Gislén & Kauri 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the first records from Härjedalen do not represent range expansion but are merely due to the species having been overlooked there before. Note, however, that all older and also recently claimed records in the Alpine region (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF864A69BB507CDB46DCFD98" author="Holm, O." box="[847,978,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="43" refId="ref16776" refString="Holm, O. (1921) Paddan forekommer i Vasterbottens lappmark. Fauna och Flora, 16, 43. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="1921">Holm 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF864A69BBFF7CDB41DAFD98" author="Gislen T. & Kauri H." box="[992,1236,510,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="197 - 397" refId="ref16560" refString="Gislen T. & Kauri H. (1959) Zoogeography of the Swedish amphibians and reptiles, with notes on their growth and ecology. Acta Vertebratica, 1 (3), 197 - 397." type="journal article" year="1959">Gislén & Kauri 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF864A69BCFD7CDB4443FDBC" author="Frislid, R. & Semb-Johansson, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="312" refId="ref16404" refString="Frislid, R. & Semb-Johansson, A. (Eds.) (1981) Norges Dyr 3. Fisker, amfibier, krypdyr. J. W. Cappelens Forlag, Oslo, pp 362 - 408. [in Norwegian]" type="book" year="1981">Frislid & Semb-Johansson 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69B9467F0744D2FDBC" box="[345,476,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Artportalen</emphasis>
|
||
) are likely due to confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF864A69BB447F074115FDBD" box="[859,1051,547,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temporaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69BB447F074115FDBD" box="[859,1051,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Rana temporaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on current knowledge, the species does not occur in the Alpine region in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F300764DFF864A69BAFA7F63464FFDE0" box="[741,833,583,609]" name="Sweden" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF864A69B8D87F4E44CCFC00" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69B8D87F4E44E6FD04" bold="true" box="[199,488,618,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Habitat and movements</emphasis>
|
||
. Breeding habitats include virtually all
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC887FFF864A69BBB07F4F46E4FD04" box="[943,1002,619,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">types</typeStatus>
|
||
and sizes of lakes, tarns, bogs, mires, ponds, and stagnant parts of streams and rivers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF864A69BADE7FAB4632FD28" box="[705,828,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[152,255,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,977,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-327@23.[151,1436,974,1918]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Mesotrophic lakes with extensive beds of grasses and sedges provide breeding habitat for Rana temporaria, R. arvalis, and Bufo bufo. If fishless, also Lissotriton vulgaris is likely to occur in lakes of this type. Spring aspect from Öster- Skivsjön, Västerbotten, Middle Boreal region. Photo: Johan Elmberg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030468/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Figures 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF864A69BB557FAB4667FD28" box="[842,873,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1272,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-78@26.[151,1435,1272,1880]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Vast areas of North Sweden’s interior are covered by level open bogs with permanent water. Rana temporaria, R. arvalis, and Bufo bufo breed in the pool depressions (foreground) and come ashore to forage in grassy areas in summer. More elevated and drier string parts of the bogs offer protective vegetation and summer habitat för Zootoca vivipara and Vipera berus. Photo: Jonas Grahn." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030480/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The entire range from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions is utilized, including strongly humic dystrophic wetlands. In barren oligotrophic wetlands, this is the most widespread anuran. As a consequence, it often breeds where there are predatory fish, for example
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF864A69BD457FF34464FC94" authority="Linneaus" authorityName="Linneaus" class="Actinopterygii" family="Percidae" genus="Perca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69BD457FF345F7FC94" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Perca aquatilis</emphasis>
|
||
Linneaus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF864A69B9BB7FDF47F7FC94" authority="Linneaus. Calling" authorityName="Linneaus. Calling" box="[420,761,763,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69B9BB7FDF4729FC94" box="[420,551,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Esox lucius</emphasis>
|
||
Linneaus. Calling
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males and amplectant pairs are mainly found in nearshore shallow areas with sparse vegetation, but often in more exposed situations than is the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF864A69BCA47E3B4042FCB8" authorityName="Nilsson, Viviparous Lizard" authorityYear="1842" box="[1211,1356,799,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69BCA47E3B4042FCB8" box="[1211,1356,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Rana arvalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF864A69BD9B7E3B441BFCDD" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temporaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69BD9B7E3B441BFCDD" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">R. temporaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Calling males can be observed in rock pools and shallow brackish bays along the Baltic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF864A69BD037E674434FC00" author="Elmberg, J. & Ericsson, S." pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="27 - 32" refId="ref16275" refString="Elmberg, J. & Ericsson, S. (1982) Om paddans Bufo bufo L. utbredning och ekologi i norra Sverige. Fauna och Flora, 77, 27 - 32. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="1982">Elmberg & Ericsson 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF864A69B95A7E4344BBFC00" box="[325,437,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1188,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,192,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-15@25.[151,1436,192,1156]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ongoing post-glacial land uplift creates open habitats along the Baltic coast of North Sweden. Rock pools (foreground) serve as breeding sites for Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo, occasionally also for Lissotriton vulgaris. Brushy areas along the forest edge (background) are typical summer habitat for Zootoca vivipara and Vipera berus. Tjäruskär, Ångermanland, Middle Boreal region. Photo: Johan Elmberg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030472/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF864A69B8D87EAF47B5FC6C" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
After breeding, toads move to summer foraging habitats, which are equally diverse, ranging from dry pine forest, mesic coniferous forest, and lush deciduous bottomland forest to natural grasslands, seashores, meadows, agricultural land, gardens, and parks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF864A69BA227EF747A0FC6C" box="[573,686,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1151,1175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-23@26.[151,1435,178,1127]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 13. Recently abandoned hayfields are prime summer habitat for Rana temporaria, R. arvalis, Bufo bufo, Anguis fragilis, and Vipera berus. The forest edge in the background is typical habitat also for Zootoca vivipara. Baggböle, Västerbotten, Middle Boreal region. Photo: Johan Elmberg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030476/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF864A69B8D87ED347E9FBD8" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
In dry and warm summer weather this is the only amphibian commonly moving around in the open. Movements from summer habitats to hibernation sites can be noticeable on warm damp nights in early autumn but are not as synchronized and spectacular as in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF864A69BA53791B47E9FBD8" box="[588,743,1087,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69BA53791B4789FBD9" box="[588,647,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Rana</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF864A69B8D87947478CFB68" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
Hibernation is usually aquatic, taking place in breeding wetlands or in nearby streams and rivers. Terrestrial hibernation has been documented in the Middle Boreal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF864A69BB0079A346CDFB20" author="Elmberg, J." box="[799,963,1158,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="57 - 82" refId="ref16209" refString="Elmberg, J. (1995) Groddjurens och kraldjurens utbredning i Norrland. Natur i Norr, 15 (2), 57 - 82. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="1995">Elmberg 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but based on current knowledge it must be considered as an exception from the rule. Hibernation in brackish water has been documented from northern Ångermanland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF864A69B95379EB477BFB68" author="Elmberg, J. & Ericsson, S." box="[332,629,1231,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="27 - 32" refId="ref16275" refString="Elmberg, J. & Ericsson, S. (1982) Om paddans Bufo bufo L. utbredning och ekologi i norra Sverige. Fauna och Flora, 77, 27 - 32. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="1982">Elmberg & Ericsson 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF864A69B8D879D646BDFA64" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69B8D879D6475FFA8C" bold="true" box="[199,593,1266,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Abundance estimates and trends</emphasis>
|
||
. There are not any published data on local abundance, but a large number of roadside surveys of chorusing anurans in Ångermanland and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F83FFF864A69BB41783346E3FAB0" box="[862,1005,1303,1329]" country="Sweden" name="Vasterbotten" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Västerbotten</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the 1980’s showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF864A69BD097833408DFAB0" box="[1302,1411,1303,1329]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69BD097833408DFAB0" box="[1302,1411,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Bufo bufo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often less numerous at the wetland level, but more widespread at the landscape level compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF864A69BCC3781F4092FAD5" box="[1244,1436,1339,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temporaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69BCC3781F4092FAD5" box="[1244,1436,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Rana temporaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF864A69B8D4787B4433FAF8" authorityName="Nilsson, Viviparous Lizard" authorityYear="1842" box="[203,317,1375,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF864A69B8D4787B4433FAF8" box="[203,317,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">R. arvalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This difference is largely because it occurs in more truly oligotrophic conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF864A69BD06787B4437FA1C" author="Elmberg, J. & Ericsson, S." pageId="11" pageNumber="312" pagination="27 - 32" refId="ref16275" refString="Elmberg, J. & Ericsson, S. (1982) Om paddans Bufo bufo L. utbredning och ekologi i norra Sverige. Fauna och Flora, 77, 27 - 32. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="1982">Elmberg & Ericsson 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Abundance estimates based on extensive field work in the Umeå area (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F83FFF864A69BC4B78A741E6FA1C" box="[1108,1256,1411,1437]" country="Sweden" name="Vasterbotten" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">Västerbotten</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Middle Boreal) 1975–1994 run in the neighborhood of 400–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D11FD54FF864A69BA8F7883460DFA40" box="[656,771,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" type="adult">600 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
/km
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B38FF864A69BB2E78824659FA40" box="[817,855,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="312" unit="in" value="2.0">
|
||
<superScript id="7C629B95FF864A69BB2E78824637FA35" attach="left" box="[817,825,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">2</superScript>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
representative landscapes near the coast (Elmberg, unpublished). Lower densities are likely in the Northern Boreal region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF864A69B88878CB46B0F988" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1545]" box="[151,958,1518,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="312">There are no indications of changes in abundance over the last 50 years.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |