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<document id="31D3644E007FD8E72EFC23CB6417B46A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030434" ID-ZooBank="9A64620A-5346-459A-9330-7E8AE9EBEBDE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1686605028597" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Elmberg, Johan" docDate="2023" docId="03BE87CBFF824A6DB8887E3A46E0F8CC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5301.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5301 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zootoca vivipara" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="316" masterDocId="FF87FFB3FF8D4A62B81F7D24450EFF81" masterDocTitle="Amphibians and reptiles in North Sweden: distribution, habitat affinities, and abundance (Classes: Amphibia and Reptilia)" masterLastPageNumber="335" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="316" updateTime="1686605656092" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1755DAECC82A0FAF8E37EE4693A8AF32">Amphibians and reptiles in North Sweden: distribution, habitat affinities, and abundance (Classes: Amphibia and Reptilia)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03BE87CBFF824A6DB8887E3A46E0F8CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030428" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87CBFF824A6DB8887E3A46E0F8CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87CBFF824A6DB8887E3A46E0F8CC" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
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<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8887E3A4600FCB9" blockId="15.[151,782,798,825]" box="[151,782,798,825]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<heading id="D0E081B1FF824A6DB8887E3A4600FCB9" bold="true" box="[151,782,798,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF824A6DB8887E3A4600FCB9" bold="true" box="[151,782,798,825]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
Viviparous Lizard
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF824A6DB99B7E3B4600FCB9" authority="(Jacquin 1787)" baseAuthorityName="Jacquin" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[388,782,798,825]" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Zootoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF824A6DB99B7E3B4741FCB8" bold="true" box="[388,591,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Zootoca vivipara</emphasis>
(Jacquin 1787)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6556FF824A6DB8887E4246E0F8CC" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8887E4244B1FC24" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF824A6DB8887E424427FC01" bold="true" box="[151,297,870,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF824A6DB9267E434493FC00" box="[313,413,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[189,1397,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Zootoca vivipara in North Sweden. Although most of the Scandic Mountain range is colored, the species is absent from high-altitude areas in the Alpine region (see Figure 1 for outline of the latter). The upper limit of occurrence runs from 1100 m in Härjedalen, decreasing towards the north to 700800 m in Lule lappmark. The only truly far offshore occurrence in the Baltic is shown by a triangle. A question mark denotes unknown status in parts of the vast Baltic archipelago in Norrbotten." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030456/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figure 7</figureCitation>
). Included records from
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF824A6DBAA77E434635FC00" box="[696,827,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Artportalen</emphasis>
(N=775): all reports have been included, as there are not any confusion species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8D87E8B419DFC6C" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Widespread and common in the Southern, Middle, and Northern Boreal. Widespread but scarce in the Subalpine zone. Locally occurring above treeline in the Low-Alpine zone in favorable microclimates.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8D87ED34777FBD8" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
As expected, the highest known occurrences in the Scandic Mountain range are gradually lower towards the north:
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altitude in Härjedalen (Sånfjället and Flatruet),
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in Pite lappmark (west of Vuoggatjålme), and
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in Lule lappmark (Vastenjaure).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8D879474747FAB0" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
There is just one record from a truly far offshore island (Stora Fjäderägg,
<collectingRegion id="49D3F83FFF824A6DBC37794741B5FBFC" box="[1064,1211,1123,1149]" country="Sweden" name="Vasterbotten" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Västerbotten</collectingRegion>
;
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF824A6DBCD679474022FBFC" box="[1225,1324,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[189,1397,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Zootoca vivipara in North Sweden. Although most of the Scandic Mountain range is colored, the species is absent from high-altitude areas in the Alpine region (see Figure 1 for outline of the latter). The upper limit of occurrence runs from 1100 m in Härjedalen, decreasing towards the north to 700800 m in Lule lappmark. The only truly far offshore occurrence in the Baltic is shown by a triangle. A question mark denotes unknown status in parts of the vast Baltic archipelago in Norrbotten." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030456/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figure 7</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF824A6DBD23794745DDFB20" author="Elmberg, J." pageId="15" pageNumber="316" pagination="57 - 82" refId="ref16209" refString="Elmberg, J. (1995) Groddjurens och kraldjurens utbredning i Norrland. Natur i Norr, 15 (2), 57 - 82. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="1995">Elmberg 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Although common in seashore habitats on the mainland along the entire Baltic coast of North
<collectingCountry id="F300764DFF824A6DBD2279A34096FB20" box="[1341,1432,1159,1185]" name="Sweden" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, there are surprisingly few records even from nearshore islands. An exception may be the archipelago in southern
<collectingRegion id="49D3F83FFF824A6DB88879EB441BFB68" box="[151,277,1231,1257]" country="Sweden" name="Norrbotten" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Norrbotten</collectingRegion>
, where the species occurs on some outer islands (e.g., Stor-Räbben and Vargön, green offshore area in
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF824A6DB8A979D74417FA8C" box="[182,281,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[189,1397,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of Zootoca vivipara in North Sweden. Although most of the Scandic Mountain range is colored, the species is absent from high-altitude areas in the Alpine region (see Figure 1 for outline of the latter). The upper limit of occurrence runs from 1100 m in Härjedalen, decreasing towards the north to 700800 m in Lule lappmark. The only truly far offshore occurrence in the Baltic is shown by a triangle. A question mark denotes unknown status in parts of the vast Baltic archipelago in Norrbotten." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030456/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figure 7</figureCitation>
; Stefan Andersson, personal communication). For North
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as a whole, this indicates a limited dispersal capacity over brackish water.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8D8781F46F9FAD4" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1869]" box="[199,1015,1338,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">There are no indications of changes in distribution over the last 50 years.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8D8787A46B4F9AC" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF824A6DB8D8787A44E9FAF8" bold="true" box="[199,487,1374,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Habitat and movements</emphasis>
. Found in almost any habitat offering a combination of basking sites and protective low vegetation. Favored natural habitats are forest edges and clearings, stony slopes, rock outcrops, sandy areas, and shores of lakes, rivers and the sea (
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF824A6DBA3B78834791FA40" box="[548,671,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="25.[152,255,1188,1212]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,192,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-15@25.[151,1436,192,1156]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ongoing post-glacial land uplift creates open habitats along the Baltic coast of North Sweden. Rock pools (foreground) serve as breeding sites for Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo, occasionally also for Lissotriton vulgaris. Brushy areas along the forest edge (background) are typical summer habitat for Zootoca vivipara and Vipera berus. Tjäruskär, Ångermanland, Middle Boreal region. Photo: Johan Elmberg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030472/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figures 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF824A6DBAB3788347C5FA40" box="[684,715,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1272,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-78@26.[151,1435,1272,1880]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Vast areas of North Swedens interior are covered by level open bogs with permanent water. Rana temporaria, R. arvalis, and Bufo bufo breed in the pool depressions (foreground) and come ashore to forage in grassy areas in summer. More elevated and drier string parts of the bogs offer protective vegetation and summer habitat för Zootoca vivipara and Vipera berus. Photo: Jonas Grahn." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030480/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">14</figureCitation>
). It often occurs among
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF824A6DBBFF788341C7FA41" box="[992,1225,1447,1472]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF824A6DBBFF788341C7FA41" box="[992,1225,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Juniperus communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF824A6DBCC87883409BFA40" box="[1239,1429,1447,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Calluna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF824A6DBCC87883409BFA40" box="[1239,1429,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Calluna vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF824A6DB88878EF446DFA65" box="[151,355,1483,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Empetrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrum">
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF824A6DB88878EF446DFA65" box="[151,355,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Empetrum nigrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other plants typical of dry sun-exposed conditions. Closed forest, tall grass, and wet habitats are avoided. Anthropogenic habitats are widely used, for example clearings under powerlines, clear-cuts, edges of fields and meadows, stone walls, cairns, and roadsides (
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF824A6DBB187B37468CF9AC" box="[775,898,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1151,1175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-23@26.[151,1435,178,1127]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 13. Recently abandoned hayfields are prime summer habitat for Rana temporaria, R. arvalis, Bufo bufo, Anguis fragilis, and Vipera berus. The forest edge in the background is typical habitat also for Zootoca vivipara. Baggböle, Västerbotten, Middle Boreal region. Photo: Johan Elmberg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030476/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figures 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF824A6DBB917B3746A3F9AC" box="[910,941,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="31.[152,255,989,1013]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,181,965]" captionTargetId="figure-15@31.[193,1394,178,965]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 19. Clear-cuts offer summer habitat for Zootoca vivipara, Anguis fragilis, and Vipera berus for a decade or so until planted conifers grow tall enough to shade the ground. Robertsfors, Västerbotten, Middle Boreal region. Photo: Johan Elmberg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030496/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8D87B134404F93C" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
There have not been any dedicated studies of this species in North
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.
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF824A6DBC137B13415EF9D0" box="[1036,1104,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="far">As far</taxonomicName>
as known, it spends the entire annual activity period in the habitats mentioned above. Daily and annual movements are not known but appear very limited. Subterranean hibernation sites are found in or close to the summer habitat, usually in south-facing situations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8D87BE24660F8A8" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF824A6DB8D87BE24753F960" bold="true" box="[199,605,1734,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Abundance estimates and trends</emphasis>
.
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCACA7FF824A6DBA707BE347BEF960" box="[623,688,1735,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">There</collectingMunicipality>
are not any published abundance data, but estimates based on extensive field work in the
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(
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) 19751994 run in the neighborhood of&gt;
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/km
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in
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representative landscapes near the coast (Elmberg, unpublished)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF824A6DB8D87A1746E0F8CC" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1869]" box="[199,1006,1842,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">There are no indications of changes in abundance over the last 50 years.</paragraph>
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