863 lines
128 KiB
XML
863 lines
128 KiB
XML
<document id="BE6D0B7853A631051756C8DA81AD9C55" ID-CLB-Dataset="21207" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffdfb2b7-ecf7-4eef-a826-cbaeed24bb17" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994811" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598027921682" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. & Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03BE87C2D1305C12638FF9F0FF76F969" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Crepidacantha poissonii" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="FF87FFBAD16C5C716215FFFAFF85FFE8" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="233" updateTime="1698845144665" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="4D8AFA228A854CC2313B85171AA3014E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="9B73995052B2C48049985460D0242609">
|
||
<mods:title id="DC0A9802CB61F24C20453BD5AEC36580">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="2B2B78003186B2876FF40D2EBE7FE655" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7B145F9EB92857DA018DB03959CA5676">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BB7976423C1D0DC6E7EFD8A910654A0E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="37868D2AEE741C1D3CF93FACB2274313">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="E868C43F3A38B6042C160B4AE2CDE33F">Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E10D50E5BD59FF3AB1A9A7A6C5628E59" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="07468B1B25D9BAC93A05F874E2F2CEFE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0575EB5D51A2A66A35DF735F6D772465">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BF69B21DA888DE34CD63662E65567BC6">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="9C2887C32067C45C165265D4F4C27C64">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Aquatic Ecology, Biological Faculty, Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A5AB827EBC70D12894D6A5C489DFF954">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="D6E8A56DA1F25F5B59FAC13BD5895096" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="EF9B1AD70E5201B1C5E6524ADA033B09">
|
||
<mods:title id="CCB6217C92F62E3ACF538CDAA20C9553">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="9361E33EFD4814AEB4DAF6000E08F5D0">
|
||
<mods:date id="F3F331A33A2744FF280C3A3E623B780F">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="695672F9556163C7557E17A2E65D0285" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="A0B1E1116F138A5BA82E4AD7F3EB6F68">2016-12-31</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="245398E22206189FC9ED709346036DE9" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="FC38E0855F5FAEDD2DBDD6FD3AB3A536">51</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="35AB77643545BE4A64424CF3FB0A9F0A" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="2AC4BA7F4F509EEC95C017502C4D439C">141</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="F1E7E52640DE620EC03E5693E2233D42">266</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="9470BC98D2A8A886C3C9518506966E21">
|
||
<mods:url id="8B2A83519E309C61D9EE4BD15245BEAA">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="865827013ADECDC8D0ECC9933C1CEFCC">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B64D3A7F21F31B2F4633635BFD6BC81A" type="CLB-Dataset">21207</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A0F27320379DFD2A2728983FE442E744" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0FB10F4F98CD8660F24E5DCCB35AC7AC" type="GBIF-Dataset">ffdfb2b7-ecf7-4eef-a826-cbaeed24bb17</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C899C255E6A828938E498818BBF8F9F2" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="94C37F99C9B1D7A80F578636B38C72BE" type="Zenodo-Dep">3994811</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03BE87C2D1305C12638FF9F0FF76F969" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4333637" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167288397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4333637" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1305C12638FF9F0FF76F969" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87C2D1305C12638FF9F0FF76F969" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1305C2D638FF9F0FC0FF9CB" box="[410,906,1546,1571]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1305C2D638FF9F0FC0FF9CB" blockId="92.[410,906,1546,1606]" box="[410,906,1546,1571]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1305C2D638FF9F0FC0FF9CB" box="[410,906,1546,1571]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1305C2D638FF9F0FC0FF9CB" ID-CoL="ZD5R" authority="(Audouin, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[410,906,1546,1571]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D638FF9F0FD47F9CB" bold="true" box="[410,706,1546,1571]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" reason="3">Crepidacantha poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D60C6F9F0FC04F9CB" author="Audouin JV" box="[723,897,1546,1571]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="225 - 244" refId="ref60257" refString="Audouin JV. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l ' Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny [Planches 1 - 14 by J-C Savigny (1817)]. In: Audouin JV, editor. Description de l ' Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l ' Expedition de l ' Armee francaise, publie par les orders de sa majeste l ' Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire naturelle, Tome 1, 4 e partie. Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale; p. 225 - 244." type="book chapter" year="1826">Audouin, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1305C2D6021F9D7FD6AF9AE" box="[564,751,1581,1606]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1305C2D6021F9D7FD6AF9AE" blockId="92.[410,906,1546,1606]" box="[564,751,1581,1606]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1305C2D6029F9D7FD2AF9AE" box="[572,687,1581,1606]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="91.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994875/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Figure 32</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1305C2C62B5F998FEEBFEE6" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1305C2D62B5F998FCD7F992" blockId="92.[160,1156,1628,1727]" box="[160,850,1628,1658]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1305C2D62B5F998FDD3F992" authority="Audouin, 1826, p. 240" authorityName="Audouin" authorityPageNumber="240" authorityYear="1826" box="[160,598,1634,1658]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D62B5F998FED5F992" box="[160,336,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Flustra poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D634CF998FE7AF992" author="Audouin JV" box="[345,511,1634,1658]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="225 - 244" refId="ref60257" refString="Audouin JV. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l ' Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny [Planches 1 - 14 by J-C Savigny (1817)]. In: Audouin JV, editor. Description de l ' Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l ' Expedition de l ' Armee francaise, publie par les orders de sa majeste l ' Empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire naturelle, Tome 1, 4 e partie. Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale; p. 225 - 244." type="book chapter" year="1826">Audouin, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 240
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 10, figs 5 1 and 5 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1305C2D62B5F97FFC47F957" blockId="92.[160,1156,1628,1727]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1305C2D62B5F97FFD1BF975" ID-CoL="ZD5R" authority=": Harmer 1957, p. 981" authorityName=": Harmer" authorityPageNumber="981" authorityYear="1957" box="[160,670,1669,1693]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D62B5F97FFE22F975" box="[160,423,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">Crepidacantha poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D63A3F97FFDCCF975" author="Harmer SF" box="[438,585,1669,1693]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="42 - 74" refId="ref62331" refString="Harmer SF. 1957. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 4, Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Exped. 28 d: 641 - 1147, Plates 42 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1957">Harmer 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 981
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D60E6F97FFCF9F975" author="Brown DA" box="[755,892,1669,1693]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref60440" refString="Brown DA. 1954. On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Zool). 2: 243 - 263." type="journal article" year="1954">Brown 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 260, fig. 1(a, b).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D6677F97FFEB2F957" author="Liu X & Yin X & Ma J" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" refId="ref63599" refString="Liu X, Yin X, Ma J. 2001. Biology of marine-fouling bryozoans in the coastal waters of China. Beijing: Science Press." type="book" year="2001">Liu et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 674, pl. 71, figs 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D6033F95DFDB6F957" box="[550,563,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">–</emphasis>
|
||
3.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1305C2D605AF95DFD6FF957" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[591,746,1703,1727]" pageId="92" pageNumber="233" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 274, pl. 61A
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1305C2D6188F95DFC2FF957" box="[925,938,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="233">–</emphasis>
|
||
D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2C62B5FF74FEA1FF21" blockId="93.[160,1156,142,270]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C62B5FF74FD6EFF4E" ID-CoL="ZD5J" authority=": Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 92" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="92" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,747,142,166]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="carsioseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C62B5FF74FE30FF4E" box="[160,437,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">Crepidacantha carsioseta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1315C2C63D6FF74FD25FF4E" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[451,672,142,166]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 92
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 16(a);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1315C2C617DFF74FB9EFF4E" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[872,1051,142,166]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2239, fig. 13(f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2C62B5FF2EFEEBFEE6" blockId="93.[160,1156,142,270]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D1315C2C62B5FF2EFF4CFF04" box="[160,201,212,236]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C62C7FF2EFCF1FF04" ID-CoL="ZD5J" authority=": Ryland and Hayward 1992, p. 277" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityPageNumber="277" authorityYear="1992" box="[210,884,212,236]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="carsioseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C62C7FF2EFE60FF04" box="[210,485,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">Crepidacantha carsioseta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1315C2C63E6FF2EFC98FF04" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[499,797,212,236]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 277
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 25(d); [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C661CFF2EFEE4FEE6" ID-CoL="ZD5K" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="craticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C661CFF2EFB06FF04" box="[1033,1155,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">C. craticula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1315C2C62D5FF0CFEE4FEE6" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[192,353,246,270]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1315C2C62B5FEC0FC71FE9E" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2C62B5FEC0FE05FEBC" blockId="93.[160,1012,314,374]" box="[160,384,314,340]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1315C2C62B5FEC0FE05FEBC" box="[160,384,314,340]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C62B5FEC0FE05FEBC" bold="true" box="[160,384,314,340]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2C62B5FEA4FC71FE9E" blockId="93.[160,1012,314,374]" box="[160,1012,350,374]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1100 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1315C2C6346FEA4FE0BFE9E" box="[339,398,350,374]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
13), bleached, on SEM stub (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C611EFEA4FC62FE9E" authorityName=": Scholz" authorityYear="1991" box="[779,999,350,374]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C611EFEA4FC62FE9E" box="[779,999,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">Parasmittina serrula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1315C2C62B5FE58FDD2FB32" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2C62B5FE58FEC8FE54" blockId="93.[160,1156,418,548]" box="[160,333,418,444]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1315C2C62B5FE58FEC8FE54" box="[160,333,418,444]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C62B5FE58FEC8FE54" bold="true" box="[160,333,418,444]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2C62B5FE3DFB8DFDCC" blockId="93.[160,1156,418,548]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
AzL, 0.43
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C6310FE3CFE97FE36" box="[261,274,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.54 (0.483 ± 0.030); AzW, 0.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C6078FE3CFDFFFE36" box="[621,634,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.43 (0.373 ± 0.036) (n = 15, 1). OrL, 0.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C6652FE3CFBD1FE36" box="[1095,1108,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.12 (0.108 ± 0.007); OrW, 0.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C63AAFE13FE49FDE9" box="[447,460,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.10 (0.090 ± 0.005) (n = 15, 1). OvL, 0.15
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C6180FE13FC27FDE9" box="[917,930,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.22 (0.171 ± 0.019); OvW, 0.16
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C6306FDF6FEA5FDCC" box="[275,288,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.20 (0.178 ± 0.011) (n = 13, 1). One colony observed, 8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1315C2C61AAFDF6FB81FDCC" box="[959,1028,524,548]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2C62B5FDAAFEA3FD82" blockId="93.[160,1156,592,1242]" box="[160,294,592,618]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1315C2C62B5FDAAFEA3FD82" box="[160,294,592,618]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C62B5FDAAFEA3FD82" bold="true" box="[160,294,592,618]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2C62B5FD8EFDD2FB32" blockId="93.[160,1156,592,1242]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1315C2C6102FD8EFC06FD64" box="[791,899,628,652]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="91.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994875/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">Figure 32</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) distinct, delineated by a sharp incision. Frontal wall convex, tumid but flattened on top, without pseudopores, minutely granulated; tiny, circular or slit-shaped marginal areolae present but rarely evident with light microscopy and scarcely with SEM. Orifice subterminal, with subcircular anter separated from equally broad poster by conspicuous, low, broadly rounded condyles; poster comprises two distinct lobes separated by a broad, distally flat labium. Operculum with granular surface. Orifice not immersed; proximal mucro lacking. Zooids have 11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C634CFC9DFEE3FC97" box="[345,358,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">–</emphasis>
|
||
15 (mode, 13) long, thin, straight spines around lateral and distal margins, each spine tilted against frontal wall of adjacent zooid. Frontal avicularia paired, proximolateral to orifice, both at same level along transverse line, or slightly offset; directed medially or angled slightly proximally or distally; rostrum on raised chamber, shorter than orifice length; narrow, long-triangular, tapering, with end forming trough; crossbar lacking; mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1315C2C63CEFBEEFDC2FBC4" box="[475,583,1044,1068]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="91.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994875/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">Figure 32</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) long, setiform but not extending past opposite lateral margin of zooid. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1315C2C6005FBCDFDFBFBA7" box="[528,638,1079,1103]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="91.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994875/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">Figure 32</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) terminal, nearly circular in outline, closed by operculum. Ooecium with smooth ectooecium; flattened on top, with broad, indistinct median ridge evident in cleaned specimens; narrow crescentic foramen of noncalcified ectooecium around frontodistal periphery exposing around 10 pseudopores in a single row. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1315C2F62B5FAFFFE8AFCDB" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2C62B5FAFFFE83FAF7" blockId="93.[160,1156,1285,1727]" box="[160,262,1285,1311]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1315C2C62B5FAFFFE83FAF7" box="[160,262,1285,1311]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C62B5FAFFFE83FAF7" bold="true" box="[160,262,1285,1311]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1315C2F62B5FAD0FDEBFF21" blockId="93.[160,1156,1285,1727]" lastBlockId="94.[160,1155,142,201]" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">
|
||
This species is characterised by the markedly trifoliate orifice; the paired avicularia situated proximolateral to the orifice and directed medially; lack of a suboral umbo; and the nearly circular ooecium with a long, narrow crescent of pseudopores towards the distal end; the ovicell is flattened proximal to the fenestra and bears a median ridge.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1315C2C62B5FA4FFECFFA25" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[160,330,1461,1485]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated the presence of a median pointed projection on the distal rim of the orifice, but this is not present in our specimen. Material from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D1315C2C6183FA2DFC64FA07" box="[918,993,1495,1519]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C667AFA2DFE68F9FA" authority="(Dick et al. 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Dick" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="carsioseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C667AFA2DFE89F9FA" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">C. carsioseta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1315C2C6334FA00FE60F9FA" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[289,485,1530,1554]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is actually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C6095FA00FC84F9FA" authorityName=": Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[640,769,1530,1554]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C6095FA00FC84F9FA" box="[640,769,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">C. poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the Hawaiian material has the distinctly trifoliate orifice characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C606FF9E7FD70F9DD" authorityName=": Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[634,757,1565,1589]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C606FF9E7FD70F9DD" box="[634,757,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">C. poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lacks the suboral umbo characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C62E3F9C5FEFAF9BF" box="[246,383,1599,1623]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="carsioseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C62E3F9C5FEFAF9BF" box="[246,383,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">C. carsioseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and shows a projection on the distal orificial rim in the form of a small, blunt transverse mucro.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C63EBF998FC94F992" box="[510,785,1634,1658]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="carsioseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C63EBF998FC94F992" box="[510,785,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">Crepidacantha carsioseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have fewer marginal spines than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1315C2C633DF97FFE27F975" authorityName=": Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[296,418,1669,1693]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1315C2C633DF97FFE27F975" box="[296,418,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="234">C. poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1315C2C63BBF97FFC85F975" author="Winston JE & Heimberg BF" box="[430,768,1669,1693]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref66066" refString="Winston JE, Heimberg BF. 1986. Bryozoans from Bali, Lombok, and Komodo. Am Mus Novit. 2847: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1986">Winston and Heimberg (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported 10 spines for the former, and although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1315C2C6356F95DFE6BF957" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[323,494,1703,1727]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not mention spine number in designating a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1315C2C6632F95DFB01F957" box="[1063,1156,1703,1727]" pageId="93" pageNumber="234" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F62DFFF74FEC2FF4E" authorityName=": Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[202,327,142,166]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F62DFFF74FEC2FF4E" box="[202,327,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">C. poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D1325C2F63D7FF74FDA4FF4E" box="[450,545,142,166]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
, our specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D1325C2F6103FF74FCF2FF4E" box="[790,887,142,166]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
has 11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F61DBFF74FC5EFF4E" box="[974,987,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">–</emphasis>
|
||
15 spines, and Hawaiian material has around 12 spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FEF8FEA1FEF4" blockId="94.[160,1156,258,492]" box="[160,292,258,284]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1325C2F62B5FEF8FEA1FEF4" box="[160,292,258,284]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F62B5FEF8FEA1FEF4" bold="true" box="[160,292,258,284]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FEDDFE81FE04" blockId="94.[160,1156,258,492]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
We found a single colony at the MIN site. This is an Indo-West Pacific species known from the Red Sea, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1325C2F63D1FEB3FD81FE89" box="[452,516,329,353]" name="China" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1325C2F6051FEB3FD21FE89" box="[580,676,329,353]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1325C2F60F5FEB3FC1FFE89" box="[736,922,329,353]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1325C2F61BFFEB3FBCDFE89" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[938,1096,329,353]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Hawaii (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1325C2F62EEFE96FE35FE6C" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[251,432,364,388]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1325C2F601AFE96FD23FE6C" author="Hirose M" box="[527,678,364,388]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" refId="ref62828" refString="Hirose M. 2010. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with notes on bryozoan diversity and faunal changes over the past 130 years [PhD dissertation]. Sapporo: Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University; 177 p, 18 tables, 261 plates." type="book" year="2010">Hirose (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported it from Sagami Bay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1325C2F6610FE96FBCCFE6C" box="[1029,1097,364,388]" name="Japan" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, that material might instead represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F6037FE75FC51FE4F" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[546,980,399,423]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="craticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F6037FE75FCADFE4F" box="[546,808,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Crepidacantha craticula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1325C2F6127FE75FC51FE4F" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[818,980,399,423]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as the convex proximal border (labium) of the orifice seems to be lower and more rounded than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F667AFE4BFF7BFE04" authorityName=": Harmer" authorityYear="1957" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Crepidacanthidae" genus="Crepidacantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="poissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F667AFE4BFF7BFE04" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">C. poissonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F6385FDECFC0DFDB9" blockId="94.[317,997,534,697]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
Superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F6030FDECFC36FDC7" authority="Johnston, 1838" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1838" box="[549,947,534,559]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Celleporoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F6030FDECFD73FDC7" bold="true" box="[549,758,534,559]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">CELLEPOROIDEA</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1325C2F60EAFDECFC36FDC7" author="Johnston G" box="[767,947,534,559]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" refId="ref63026" refString="Johnston G. 1838. A history of British zoophytes. Edinburgh: W. H. Lizars." type="book" year="1838">Johnston, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F63E4FDC2FC0DFDB9" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[497,904,568,593]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Torquatellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F63E4FDC2FD53FDB9" bold="true" box="[497,726,568,593]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">TORQUATELLIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1325C2F60F5FDC2FC0DFDB9" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[736,904,568,593]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F6328FDA1FC60FD9C" blockId="94.[317,997,534,697]" box="[317,997,603,628]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F6384FDA1FC60FD9C" authority="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001" authorityName="Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon" authorityYear="2001" box="[401,997,603,628]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Torquatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F6384FDA1FD9AFD9C" bold="true" box="[401,543,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Torquatella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1325C2F603DFDA1FC60FD9C" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[552,997,603,628]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F638BFD84FC00FD7F" blockId="94.[317,997,534,697]" box="[414,901,638,663]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F638BFD84FC00FD7F" authority="(Scholz, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Scholz" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[414,901,638,663]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Torquatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="duolamellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F638BFD84FD5DFD7F" bold="true" box="[414,728,638,663]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" reason="3">Torquatella duolamellata</emphasis>
|
||
(Scholz, 1991)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F6026FD5AFD75FD51" blockId="94.[317,997,534,697]" box="[563,752,672,697]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1325C2F602EFD5AFD2BFD51" box="[571,686,672,697]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FD2FFCDDFD05" blockId="94.[160,1155,725,819]" box="[160,856,725,749]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F62B5FD2FFD24FD05" authority="Scholz, 1991, p. 302" authorityName="Scholz" authorityPageNumber="302" authorityYear="1991" box="[160,673,725,749]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Osthimosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="duolamellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F62B5FD2FFE36FD05" box="[160,435,725,749]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Osthimosia duolamellata</emphasis>
|
||
Scholz, 1991, p. 302
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 11, figs 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F6122FD2FFCC1FD05" box="[823,836,725,749]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">–</emphasis>
|
||
6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FD02FE8AFCDB" blockId="94.[160,1155,725,819]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F62B5FD02FD58FCF8" authority=": Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 79" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,733,760,784]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Torquatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="duolamellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F62B5FD02FE36FCF8" box="[160,435,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Torquatella duolamellata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1325C2F63D5FD02FD12FCF8" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[448,663,760,784]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 79
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 11(a, b).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1325C2F6165FD02FB8FFCF8" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[880,1034,760,784]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 286, pl. 43A, B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1325C2F62B5FC96FB8EFC23" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FC96FE05FC6E" blockId="94.[160,1156,876,971]" box="[160,384,876,902]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1325C2F62B5FC96FE05FC6E" box="[160,384,876,902]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F62B5FC96FE05FC6E" bold="true" box="[160,384,876,902]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FC6BFB8EFC23" blockId="94.[160,1156,876,971]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1172 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1325C2F635AFC6BFE02FC41" box="[335,391,913,937]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
30), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1173, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1325C2F663DFC6BFBCAFC41" box="[1064,1103,913,937]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1325C2F62B5FC49FF7DFC23" box="[160,248,947,971]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.72, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1325C2F604DFC49FDFAFC23" box="[600,639,947,971]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1325C2F60EFFC49FC78FC23" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[762,1021,947,971]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" genus="Calyptotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F60EFFC49FC78FC23" box="[762,1021,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Calyptotheca reniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1325C2F62B5FBFFFD07F957" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FBFFFEC8FBF7" blockId="94.[160,1157,1029,1228]" box="[160,333,1029,1055]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1325C2F62B5FBFFFEC8FBF7" box="[160,333,1029,1055]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F62B5FBFFFEC8FBF7" bold="true" box="[160,333,1029,1055]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FBD3FE9FFB24" blockId="94.[160,1157,1029,1228]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
AzL, 0.28
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F631DFBD3FE90FBA9" box="[264,277,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.39 (0.324 ± 0.035); AzW, 0.22
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F6069FBD3FD0CFBA9" box="[636,649,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.32 (0.267 ± 0.025) (n = 15, 1). OrL,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1325C2F662DFBD3FBF3FBA9" box="[1080,1142,1065,1089]" degrees="0.096" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" precision="55" value="0.096">0.096</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1325C2F6663FBD3FF58FB8C" degrees="0.099" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" precision="55" value="-0.099">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F6663FBD3FB06FBA9" box="[1142,1155,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.099
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.098); OrW, 0.95
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F63A1FBB6FE44FB8C" box="[436,449,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.100 (0.098) (n = 2, 1). OvL, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F6151FBB6FCD4FB8C" box="[836,849,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.15 (0.140 ± 0.016); OvW, 0.21
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F62C5FB94FF58FB6E" box="[208,221,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.25 (0.238 ± 0.020) (n = 5, 1). Ancestrula L, 0.271; ancestrula W, 0.166 (n = 1). Ancestrula OrL, 0.066; ancestrula OrW, 0.083 (n = 1). Largest of three colonies 4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1325C2F62C5FB4EFE93FB24" box="[208,278,1204,1228]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FAFFFEA3FAF7" blockId="94.[160,1156,1285,1727]" box="[160,294,1285,1311]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1325C2F62B5FAFFFEA3FAF7" box="[160,294,1285,1311]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1325C2F62B5FAFFFEA3FAF7" bold="true" box="[160,294,1285,1311]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="235" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1325C2F62B5FAD0FD07F957" blockId="94.[160,1156,1285,1727]" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">
|
||
Colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1325C2F62EAFAD0FEEEFAAA" box="[255,363,1322,1346]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet. Zooidal boundaries indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1325C2F62F6FAB7FED7FA8D" box="[227,338,1357,1381]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)); zooids delineated by large marginal openings in layer of secondary calcification. Cylindrical, somewhat flared peristome occupies about half of frontal zooidal area; secondary orifice transversely oval. Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1325C2F6190FA68FC76FA42" box="[901,1011,1426,1450]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) as broad as long; anter semicircular, separated from deep, broadly U-shaped poster by pair of small, rounded condyles. Except for ancestrula, zooids lack spines. Small avicularium proximal to orifice, situated deep in peristome, difficult to observe except in some marginal zooids; raised rostral end forms blunt knob; directed frontolaterally. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1325C2F62BDF9C5FE92F9BF" box="[168,279,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) hyperstomial. Ooecium with a transversely oval or elliptical foramen on top, exposing entooecium in cleaned specimens; peristome usually extends around proximofrontal surface. Ancestrula (left centre in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1325C2F60F9F97FFCD9F975" box="[748,860,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="235">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) produces a triplet of daughter zooids distally and distolaterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1335C2E62B5FB7FFBC8FAC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="236" startId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" targetPageId="95">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1335C2E62B5FB7FFBC8FAC7" blockId="95.[160,1157,1157,1327]" pageId="95" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1335C2E62B5FB7FFE8EFB74" bold="true" box="[160,267,1157,1180]" pageId="95" pageNumber="236">Figure 33.</emphasis>
|
||
(a, b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1335C2E635AFB7FFD16FB74" authority="(Scholz)" baseAuthorityName="Scholz" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[335,659,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Torquatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="95" pageNumber="236" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="duolamellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1335C2E635AFB7FFDB8FB74" box="[335,573,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="236">Torquatella duolamellata</emphasis>
|
||
(Scholz)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1335C2E6397FB58FE0BFB51" box="[386,398,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="236">–</emphasis>
|
||
f)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1335C2E63B6FB59FCEBFB52" authority="(Canu and Bassler)" baseAuthorityName="Canu and Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[419,878,1187,1210]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Metacleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="95" pageNumber="236" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="planulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1335C2E63B6FB59FD37FB52" box="[419,690,1187,1210]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="236">Metacleidochasma planulata</emphasis>
|
||
(Canu and Bassler)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1335C2E6156FAE2FCCAFAC7" box="[835,847,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="236">–</emphasis>
|
||
d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1335C1162B5FA84FE82FD90" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="95" pageNumber="236" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1335C2E62B5FA84FE83FA70" blockId="95.[160,1155,1406,1674]" box="[160,262,1406,1432]" pageId="95" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1335C2E62B5FA84FE83FA70" box="[160,262,1406,1432]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="95" pageNumber="236" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1335C2E62B5FA84FE83FA70" bold="true" box="[160,262,1406,1432]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="236" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1335C2E62B5FA58FD54F962" blockId="95.[160,1155,1406,1674]" pageId="95" pageNumber="236">
|
||
Scholz (1991) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1335C2E636FFA58FDE8FA52" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[378,621,1442,1466]" pageId="95" pageNumber="236" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have described and discussed this species in detail. The morphology of the ancestrula is not clear in the specimen we illustrate, but the other accounts report it to be schizoporelloid, with a D-shaped orifice flanked by three pairs of spines. Although frontal budding can occur, our small colony comprised only a single layer. Our specimen is heavily secondarily calcified; previous descriptions of less heavily calcified specimens indicate the primary frontal wall to have small marginal areolae and a few scattered frontal pseudopores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FF77FEA1FF4F" blockId="96.[160,1156,141,306]" box="[160,292,141,167]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10C5C1162B5FF77FEA1FF4F" box="[160,292,141,167]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1162B5FF77FEA1FF4F" bold="true" box="[160,292,141,167]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FF48FDF6FEDA" blockId="96.[160,1156,141,306]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
We found three small colonies at the SES site. This is a subtropical to tropical, western Pacific species. Scholz (1991) found it to be fairly common on the east-central coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D10C5C1162B5FF0DFF5EFEE7" box="[160,219,247,271]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Cebu</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10C5C116323FF0DFE31FEE7" box="[310,436,247,271]" name="Philippines" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and it has been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10C5C116138FF0DFC0EFEE7" box="[813,907,247,271]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C11618EFF0DFBF9FEE7" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[923,1148,247,271]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10C5C116314FEE0FE3FFEDA" box="[257,442,282,306]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C1163DCFEE0FDE2FEDA" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[457,615,282,306]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C11636BFEA1FC40FE9C" blockId="96.[309,1005,347,476]" box="[382,965,347,372]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10C5C1163C1FEA1FC40FE9C" authority="Gabb and Horn, 1862" authorityName="Gabb and Horn" authorityYear="1862" box="[468,965,347,372]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1163C1FEA1FD3EFE9C" bold="true" box="[468,699,347,372]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">PHIDOLOPORIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C1160D1FEA1FC40FE9C" author="Gabb WM & Horn GH" box="[708,965,347,372]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="111 - 179" refId="ref61597" refString="Gabb WM, Horn GH. 1862. The fossil Polyzoa of the secondary and tertiary formations of North America. J Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia. 5: 111 - 179." type="journal article" year="1862">Gabb and Horn, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C116320FE84FC68FE7F" blockId="96.[309,1005,347,476]" box="[309,1005,382,407]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10C5C11639CFE84FC68FE7F" authority="Soule, Soule, and Chaney, 1991" authorityName="Soule, Soule, and Chaney" authorityYear="1991" box="[393,1005,382,407]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Metacleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C11639CFE84FDEBFE7F" bold="true" box="[393,622,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Metacleidochasma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C116062FE84FC68FE7F" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[631,1005,382,407]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref65305" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1991. New tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean Cleidochasmatidae (Cheilostomata: Ascophora). In: Bigey FP, editor. Bryozoaires actuels et fossiles: Bryozoa living and fossil, vol. 1. Nantes: Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France; p. 465 - 486." type="book chapter" year="1991">Soule, Soule, and Chaney, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C11635DFE5BFC5EFE52" blockId="96.[309,1005,347,476]" box="[328,987,417,442]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10C5C11635DFE5BFC5EFE52" authority="(Canu and Bassler, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Canu and Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[328,987,417,442]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Metacleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="planulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C11635DFE5BFD29FE52" bold="true" box="[328,684,417,442]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="3">Metacleidochasma planulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C1160A9FE5BFC57FE52" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[700,978,417,442]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref60918" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1929. Bryozoa of the Philippine region. Bull US Nat Mus. 100: I - XI, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu and Bassler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C11602DFE39FD6EFE34" blockId="96.[309,1005,347,476]" box="[568,747,451,476]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10C5C116055FE39FD37FE34" box="[576,690,451,476]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(c
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1160D0FE39FD56FE34" box="[709,723,451,476]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">–</emphasis>
|
||
f))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FE02FC1CFDF8" blockId="96.[160,1155,504,632]" box="[160,921,504,528]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10C5C1162B5FE02FC85FDF8" authority="Canu and Bassler, 1929, p. 321" authorityName="Canu and Bassler" authorityPageNumber="321" authorityYear="1929" box="[160,768,504,528]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bitectiporidae" genus="Hippoporina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="planulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1162B5FE02FE1CFDF8" box="[160,409,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Hippoporina planulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C1163B7FE02FD2FFDF8" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[418,682,504,528]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref60918" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1929. Bryozoa of the Philippine region. Bull US Nat Mus. 100: I - XI, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu and Bassler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 321
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 37, fig. 6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FDE1FC1AFDDB" blockId="96.[160,1155,504,632]" box="[160,927,539,563]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10C5C1162B5FDE1FC94FDDB" authority=": Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 97" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,785,539,563]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Metacleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="planulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1162B5FDE1FE59FDDB" box="[160,476,539,563]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Metacleidochasma planulata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C1163FEFDE1FD42FDDB" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[491,711,539,563]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 97
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 21(c
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C116163FDE1FC06FDDB" box="[886,899,539,563]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">–</emphasis>
|
||
e).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FDC4FE82FD90" blockId="96.[160,1155,504,632]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10C5C1162B5FDC4FCF4FDBE" authority="Soule, Soule, and Chaney 1991, p. 480" authorityName="Soule, Soule, and Chaney" authorityPageNumber="480" authorityYear="1991" box="[160,881,574,598]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Metacleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1162B5FDC4FE2AFDBE" box="[160,431,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Metacleidochasma ovale</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C1163ADFDC4FC9CFDBE" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[440,793,574,598]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref65305" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1991. New tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean Cleidochasmatidae (Cheilostomata: Ascophora). In: Bigey FP, editor. Bryozoaires actuels et fossiles: Bryozoa living and fossil, vol. 1. Nantes: Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France; p. 465 - 486." type="book chapter" year="1991">Soule, Soule, and Chaney 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 480
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 1, fig. 7, pl. 4, figs 1 and 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD10C5C1162B5FD53FB01FCE0" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FD53FE05FD2B" blockId="96.[160,1156,681,776]" box="[160,384,681,707]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10C5C1162B5FD53FE05FD2B" box="[160,384,681,707]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1162B5FD53FE05FD2B" bold="true" box="[160,384,681,707]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FD37FB01FCE0" blockId="96.[160,1156,681,776]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1174 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10C5C116359FD37FE0DFD0D" box="[332,392,717,741]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
11), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1175 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10C5C116174FD37FC12FD0D" box="[865,919,717,741]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
24), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1176 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10C5C11639FFD0AFE44FCE0" box="[394,449,752,776]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
9), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1177,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10C5C116186FD0AFC3FFCE0" box="[915,954,752,776]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site, dried colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD10C5C1162B5FCC3FE07FA4D" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FCC3FEC8FCBB" blockId="96.[160,1156,825,955]" box="[160,333,825,851]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10C5C1162B5FCC3FEC8FCBB" box="[160,333,825,851]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1162B5FCC3FEC8FCBB" bold="true" box="[160,333,825,851]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FCA7FEACFC53" blockId="96.[160,1156,825,955]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
AzL, 0.31
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C116310FCA7FE97FC9D" box="[261,274,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.40 (0.353 ± 0.023); AzW, 0.25
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C116078FCA7FDFFFC9D" box="[621,634,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.38 (0.295 ± 0.036) (n = 15, 1). OrL, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C116652FCA7FBD1FC9D" box="[1095,1108,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.13 (0.122 ± 0.007); OrW, 0.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1163ABFC7AFE4EFC70" box="[446,459,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.09 (0.087 ± 0.004) (n = 15, 1). Largest colony observed
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D10C5C116657FC7AFB06FC70" box="[1090,1155,896,920]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FC11FEA3FBED" blockId="96.[160,1156,1003,1445]" box="[160,294,1003,1029]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10C5C1162B5FC11FEA3FBED" box="[160,294,1003,1029]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1162B5FC11FEA3FBED" bold="true" box="[160,294,1003,1029]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FBEAFE07FA4D" blockId="96.[160,1156,1003,1445]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; cream coloured. Zooids small, boundaries often indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10C5C116386FBC8FE7AFBA2" box="[403,511,1074,1098]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d)). Frontal wall slightly convex, smooth, with only two pseudopores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10C5C116354FBAFFE2BFB85" box="[321,430,1109,1133]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)), one inset from margin on each side at approximately widest part of zooid. Orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10C5C116381FB82FE7AFB78" box="[404,511,1144,1168]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)) conspicuously keyhole shaped; broader, circular anter separated from narrower, proximally rounded poster by blunt, proximomedially directed condyles; distal margin of orifice beaded below smooth surface rim. Frontal wall lateral to orifice on each side is raised as a thick, low umbo. Marginal zooids bear two or three small, ephemeral spines. Ovicell endozooidal, sometimes evident as a swelling (arrowheads,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10C5C1162E4FADFFEDBFAD5" box="[241,350,1317,1341]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d)) in frontal wall of distal zooid; totally covered by smooth secondary calcification, except for small, curved membranous window near proximal edge. Ancestrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10C5C11633EFA90FE18FA6A" box="[299,413,1386,1410]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="95.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figure 33. (a, b) Torquatella duolamellata (Scholz), NSMT-Te 1172: (a) colony; (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. (c–f) Metacleidochasma planulata (Canu and Bassler): (c) NSMT-Te 1175, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (d) NSMT-Te 1176, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, with arrowheads indicating the positions of two ovicells; (e, f) NSMT-Te 1174, (e) orifice, (f) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids.All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–d, f = 200 µm; e = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994877/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Figure 33</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)) tatiform, with spines, though these are often obscured by surrounding zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD10C5C1062B5FA2FFCF9FD0E" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1162B5FA2FFE83FA07" blockId="96.[160,1156,1493,1727]" box="[160,262,1493,1519]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10C5C1162B5FA2FFE83FA07" box="[160,262,1493,1519]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C1162B5FA2FFE83FA07" bold="true" box="[160,262,1493,1519]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10C5C1062B5FA00FDADFF04" blockId="96.[160,1156,1493,1727]" lastBlockId="97.[160,1155,142,236]" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C1162B5FA00FE0EF9FA" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[160,395,1530,1554]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10C5C11600DFA00FDF0F9FA" authorityName="Soule, Soule, and Chaney" authorityYear="1991" box="[536,629,1530,1554]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Metacleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C11600DFA00FDF0F9FA" box="[536,629,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">M. ovale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described from Hawaii (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C116616FA00FF52F9DD" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref65305" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1991. New tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean Cleidochasmatidae (Cheilostomata: Ascophora). In: Bigey FP, editor. Bryozoaires actuels et fossiles: Bryozoa living and fossil, vol. 1. Nantes: Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France; p. 465 - 486." type="book chapter" year="1991">Soule et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10C5C116052F9E7FB8CF9DD" authority="(Canu and Bassler 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Canu and Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[583,1033,1565,1589]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Metacleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="planulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C116052F9E7FD5DF9DD" box="[583,728,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">M. planulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C1160F9F9E7FB84F9DD" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[748,1025,1565,1589]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref60918" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1929. Bryozoa of the Philippine region. Bull US Nat Mus. 100: I - XI, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu and Bassler 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10C5C116387F9C5FD95F9BF" box="[402,528,1599,1623]" name="Philippines" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We have accepted this synonymy but note that it needs confirmation, as the characters of the ovicell are not clear in the original description and illustration of Philippine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10C5C116030F97FFD37F975" baseAuthorityName="Canu and Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[549,690,1669,1693]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Metacleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="planulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10C5C116030F97FFD37F975" box="[549,690,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="237">M. planulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Marginal zooids in our specimens have only two or three oral spines, compared to four in Hawaiian material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10C5C1161A8F95DFBF9F957" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" box="[957,1148,1703,1727]" pageId="96" pageNumber="237" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref65305" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1991. New tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean Cleidochasmatidae (Cheilostomata: Ascophora). In: Bigey FP, editor. Bryozoaires actuels et fossiles: Bryozoa living and fossil, vol. 1. Nantes: Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France; p. 465 - 486." type="book chapter" year="1991">Soule et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and usually four (range, three to five) in specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10D5C106138FF74FC0EFF4E" box="[813,907,142,166]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C10618CFF74FBF3FF4E" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[921,1142,142,166]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Frontal avicularia occur rarely in Hawaiian populations, but were not reported at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10D5C1062B5FF2EFF7BFF04" box="[160,254,212,236]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
or observed in our study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FEE4FEA1FED0" blockId="97.[160,1155,286,450]" box="[160,292,286,312]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10D5C1062B5FEE4FEA1FED0" box="[160,292,286,312]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1062B5FEE4FEA1FED0" bold="true" box="[160,292,286,312]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FEB8FD32FE2A" blockId="97.[160,1155,286,450]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
We found six colonies, at the SES and MIN sites. This species is broadly distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, with previous records from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10D5C1060F1FE9FFCDAFE95" box="[740,863,357,381]" name="Philippines" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C10617BFE9FFBF3FE95" author="Canu F & Bassler RS" box="[878,1142,357,381]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref60918" refString="Canu F, Bassler RS. 1929. Bryozoa of the Philippine region. Bull US Nat Mus. 100: I - XI, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu and Bassler 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Hawaii (Maui and Kauai islands), Bora Bora,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10D5C1060B3FE72FD6AFE48" box="[678,751,392,416]" name="Tonga" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10D5C1060E8FE72FCD8FE48" box="[765,861,392,416]" name="Thailand" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10D5C1061DAFE72FBB7FE48" box="[975,1074,392,416]" name="Maldives" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C106656FE72FE9DFE2A" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref65305" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1991. New tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean Cleidochasmatidae (Cheilostomata: Ascophora). In: Bigey FP, editor. Bryozoaires actuels et fossiles: Bryozoa living and fossil, vol. 1. Nantes: Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France; p. 465 - 486." type="book chapter" year="1991">Soule et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10D5C106374FE50FE3AFE2A" box="[353,447,426,450]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C1063D8FE50FD2FFE2A" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[461,682,426,450]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1063C3FE16FCE8FDED" blockId="97.[428,887,492,587]" box="[470,877,492,517]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10D5C10603CFE16FCE8FDED" authority="Hincks, 1895" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1895" box="[553,877,492,517]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C10603CFE16FD4BFDED" bold="true" box="[553,718,492,517]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Rhynchozoon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C1060CDFE16FCE8FDED" author="Hincks T" box="[728,877,492,517]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" refId="ref62803" refString="Hincks T. 1895. Index [to " Marine Polyzoa: contributions towards a general history "]. London: Issued Privately." type="book" year="1895">Hincks, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1063B9FDF5FCF2FDC0" blockId="97.[428,887,492,587]" box="[428,887,527,552]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10D5C1063B9FDF5FCF2FDC0" authority="Hayward, 1988" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[428,887,527,552]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1063B9FDF5FD3BFDC0" bold="true" box="[428,702,527,552]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" reason="3">Rhynchozoon ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C1060D2FDF5FCF2FDC0" author="Hayward PJ" box="[711,887,527,552]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C106044FDC8FD57FDA3" blockId="97.[428,887,492,587]" box="[593,722,562,587]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10D5C10604CFDC8FD4FFDA3" box="[601,714,562,587]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FD9CFC97FD96" blockId="97.[160,1155,614,742]" box="[160,786,614,638]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10D5C1062B5FD9CFD19FD96" authority="Hayward, 1988, p. 332" authorityName="Hayward" authorityPageNumber="332" authorityYear="1988" box="[160,668,614,638]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1062B5FD9CFE16FD96" box="[160,403,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Rhynchozoon ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C106389FD9CFDC1FD96" author="Hayward PJ" box="[412,580,614,638]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 332
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 13a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1060E6FD9CFC85FD96" box="[755,768,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
c.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FD73FD38FD2C" blockId="97.[160,1155,614,742]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10D5C1062B5FD73FD54FD49" authority=": Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 100" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,721,649,673]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1062B5FD73FE17FD49" box="[160,402,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Rhynchozoon ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C1063B5FD73FDFFFD49" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[416,634,649,673]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 100
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 22(c
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C106120FD73FCC7FD49" box="[821,834,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
e).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C106170FD73FB85FD49" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[869,1024,649,673]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 297, fig. 65(e, f).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10D5C106309FD56FE48FD2C" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[284,461,684,708]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2242, fig. 14(d
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C10608EFD56FD2DFD2C" box="[667,680,684,708]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FD34FCF9FD0E" blockId="97.[160,1155,614,742]" box="[160,892,718,742]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10D5C1062B5FD34FD10FD0E" authority=": Scholz 1991, p. 320" authorityName="Scholz" authorityPageNumber="320" authorityYear="1991" box="[160,661,718,742]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="globosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1062B5FD34FE22FD0E" box="[160,423,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Rhynchozoon globosum</emphasis>
|
||
: Scholz 1991, p. 320
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 17, figs 4 and 6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD10D5C1062B5FCE3FD3EFC73" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FCE3FE05FCDB" blockId="97.[160,1156,793,923]" box="[160,384,793,819]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10D5C1062B5FCE3FE05FCDB" box="[160,384,793,819]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1062B5FCE3FE05FCDB" bold="true" box="[160,384,793,819]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FCC7FD3EFC73" blockId="97.[160,1156,793,923]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1178 (REEF-6), two colonies, bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1179 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10D5C10663CFCC7FBE4FCBD" box="[1065,1121,829,853]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
50), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1180 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10D5C10606AFC9AFD3DFC90" box="[639,696,864,888]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
17), ancestrula, bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1181, three dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10D5C10604BFC79FD00FC73" box="[606,645,899,923]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD10D5C1262B5FC37FF6AFF04" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FC37FEC8FC0F" blockId="97.[160,1156,973,1103]" box="[160,333,973,999]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10D5C1062B5FC37FEC8FC0F" box="[160,333,973,999]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1062B5FC37FEC8FC0F" bold="true" box="[160,333,973,999]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FC08FBA3FBA7" blockId="97.[160,1156,973,1103]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
AzL, 0.27
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C106310FC0BFE97FBE1" box="[261,274,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.42 (0.355 ± 0.038); AzW, 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C106078FC0BFDFFFBE1" box="[621,634,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.31 (0.273 ± 0.019) (n = 15, 1). OrL, 0.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C106652FC0BFBD1FBE1" box="[1095,1108,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.11 (0.101 ± 0.007); OrW, 0.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1063AAFBEEFE49FBC4" box="[447,460,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.10 (0.089 ± 0.004) (n = 10, 1). OvL, 0.13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C106180FBEEFC27FBC4" box="[917,930,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.18 (0.150 ± 0.017); OvW, 0.13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C106306FBCDFEA5FBA7" box="[275,288,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.20 (0.166 ± 0.020) (n = 11, 1). Largest colony observed 4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D10D5C1061C9FBCDFBA7FBA7" box="[988,1058,1079,1103]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1062B5FB7BFEA3FB73" blockId="97.[160,1157,1153,1699]" box="[160,294,1153,1179]" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10D5C1062B5FB7BFEA3FB73" box="[160,294,1153,1179]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C1062B5FB7BFEA3FB73" bold="true" box="[160,294,1153,1179]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10D5C1262B5FB5CFF6AFF04" blockId="97.[160,1157,1153,1699]" lastBlockId="99.[160,1157,142,236]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10D5C106316FB5CFEF6FB56" box="[259,371,1190,1214]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) small, forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; white in colour. Zooids distinct at colony margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10D5C106054FB33FD32FB09" box="[577,695,1225,1249]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)), delineated by a fine incision, but boundaries increasingly indistinct towards centre of colony. Zooids typically with one to three (up to six) conspicuous circular areolae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10D5C106113FAF4FCFCFACE" box="[774,889,1294,1318]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) along each lateral margin. Frontal wall convex, smooth, without pseudopores; with two to five coarse, blunt or sharp, umbonate processes around raised, thickened rim proximal to orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10D5C1062BDFA8CFE98FA66" box="[168,285,1398,1422]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)). With age, frontal wall becomes thickened by secondary calcification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10D5C1062BDFA63FE9FFA59" box="[168,282,1433,1457]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)) and primary orifice becomes immersed in sunken peristome. Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10D5C1062E2FA41FEE3FA3B" box="[247,358,1467,1491]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) slightly longer (including sinus) than broad; anter nearly circular, or broader than long; sinus deep, U-shaped, flanked but not constricted by pair of raised, triangular processes, which are in turn flanked by blunt condyles. Periphery of anter is beaded with 14 to 19 rounded denticles. Marginal zooids have two to four (usually four) low, blunt oral spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10D5C106077F9BCFD52F9B6" box="[610,727,1606,1630]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)); these remain but are obscured within the peristome in older zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10D5C106094F993FD73F969" box="[641,758,1641,1665]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(c
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10D5C10611CF992FC93F968" box="[777,790,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
|
||
e)). Suboral avicularia lacking. Frontal avicularia uncommon; some zooids have one or two located close to zooidal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10E5C136313FA93FEFFFA69" box="[262,378,1385,1409]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="239">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)); mandible short-triangular, pointing laterally, proximolaterally or proximally; crossbar complete. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10E5C136082FA76FC8CFA4C" box="[663,777,1420,1444]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="239">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)) initially subimmersed, eventually becoming endozooidal. Ooecium broader than long, covered by layer of secondary calcification originating from adjacent zooids and often bearing one or two coarse umbonate processes on top. Proximal face of ooecium with small, subcircular to transversely elliptical zone of membranous (non-calcified) ectooecium that, in cleaned specimens, becomes a window (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10E5C1360A0F9C3FCAFF9B9" box="[693,810,1593,1617]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="239">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(e), arrowhead) exposing the entooecium; labellum (band of calcified ectooecium along proximal margin of ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10E5C1362BDF985FE9DF97F" box="[168,280,1663,1687]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="239">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(e), arrow) wide, complete. Colony precocious, with fully developed ovicells starting in second daughter-zooid generation from ancestrula. Ancestrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10E5C136601F95BFB06F951" box="[1044,1155,1697,1721]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="239">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)) oval in outline; initially giving rise to triplet of zooids distally and distolaterally. Ancestrular orifice with straight proximal margin lacking a sinus; surrounded by eight spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD10E5C1362B5FB7FFDB7FAC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994879" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994879/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="239" startId="98.[160,225,1157,1180]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" targetPageId="98">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10E5C1362B5FB7FFDB7FAC7" blockId="98.[160,1156,1157,1327]" pageId="98" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10E5C1362B5FB7FFE8CFB74" bold="true" box="[160,265,1157,1180]" pageId="98" pageNumber="239">Figure 34.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10E5C136304FB7FFDCDFB74" authority="Hayward" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[273,584,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="98" pageNumber="239" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10E5C136304FB7FFE62FB74" box="[273,487,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="239">Rhynchozoon ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
Hayward
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10E5C136051FB58FDD4FB51" box="[580,593,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="239">–</emphasis>
|
||
e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD10F5C1262B5FED6FF76F969" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10F5C1262B5FED6FE83FEAE" blockId="99.[160,1156,300,1435]" box="[160,262,300,326]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10F5C1262B5FED6FE83FEAE" box="[160,262,300,326]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C1262B5FED6FE83FEAE" bold="true" box="[160,262,300,326]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10F5C1262B5FEABFEFDFD49" blockId="99.[160,1156,300,1435]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10F5C1262B5FEABFE1EFE81" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[160,411,337,361]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C1262B5FEABFE1EFE81" box="[160,411,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Rhynchozoon ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10F5C126102FEABFC04FE81" box="[791,897,337,361]" name="Mauritius" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10F5C126181FEABFBBAFE81" author="Hayward PJ" box="[916,1087,337,361]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our specimens differ from that population in the following characters. The orificial sinus in our material is deeper, broader and more U-shaped, with the opening not constricted by medially curved projections. We observed no zooids to have a lateralsuboral avicularium, whereas this is variably present among zooids in Mauritian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10F5C12667AFE21FF7CFDFE" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C12667AFE21FF7CFDFE" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">R. ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The proximal peristomial rim usually bears several prominent projections, whereas Mauritian zooids generally have few. Finally, frontal avicularia are rare in our specimens and have a short-triangular mandible, whereas Mauritian material bears numerous avicularia with a long-triangular mandible, clustered around the zooidal secondary orifices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10F5C1262D5FD51FF7BFBF6" blockId="99.[160,1156,300,1435]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">
|
||
There are several Pacific records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10F5C12607CFD51FCE4FD2B" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[617,865,683,707]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C12607CFD51FCE4FD2B" box="[617,865,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Rhynchozoon ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among these, Hawaiian specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10F5C12633FFD34FE62FD0E" author="Dick MH & Tilbrook KJ & Mawatari SF" box="[298,487,718,742]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" pagination="2197 - 2257" refId="ref61502" refString="Dick MH, Tilbrook KJ, Mawatari SF. 2006. Diversity and taxonomy of rocky-intertidal Bryozoa on the Island of Hawaii, USA. J Nat Hist. 40: 2197 - 2257." type="journal article" year="2006">Dick et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are virtually indistinguishable from the Okinawa specimens we describe here. Zooids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10F5C126029FD0BFD30FCE1" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[572,693,753,777]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C126029FD0BFD30FCE1" box="[572,693,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">R. ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10F5C12617AFD0BFC4BFCE1" box="[879,974,753,777]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10F5C1261CAFD0BFF5DFCC3" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) show several characters more like those in Mauritian material, including a shallow orificial sinus flanked by medially curved processes, and avicularia having a long-triangular mandible commonly present; however, suboral avicularia appear to be entirely lacking. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10F5C12601BFC81FD02FC7B" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[526,647,891,915]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C12601BFC81FD02FC7B" box="[526,647,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">R. ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10F5C126112FC81FC42FC7B" box="[775,967,891,915]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10F5C1261CCFC81FBF9FC7B" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[985,1148,891,915]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) likewise share many characters with Mauritian material: zooids often have more than one frontal avicularium each; the mandible is long-triangular; the orificial sinus is dropshaped, flanked by medially curved projections; and a suboral avicularium is variably present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10F5C1262D5FBD3FE52FA73" blockId="99.[160,1156,300,1435]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D10F5C1262D5FBD3FE9BFB6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793342" collectorName="Mauritian & Pacific" county="Based" location="Okinawan" municipality="Hawaiian" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C94E58D10F5C1262D5FBD3FE81FBA9" box="[192,260,1065,1089]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Based</collectingCounty>
|
||
on the differences mentioned above, the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCACAED10F5C126114FBD3FCE9FBA9" box="[769,876,1065,1089]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Hawaiian</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD10F5C1261BEFBD3FB9AFBA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1305C12638FF9F0FF76F969:8EC8600FD10F5C1261BEFBD3FB9AFBA9" box="[939,1055,1065,1089]" county="Based" municipality="Hawaiian" name="Okinawan" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Okinawan</location>
|
||
populations might be considered a distinct species from the
|
||
<collectorName id="26E25302D10F5C126129FBB1FC2EFB8B" box="[828,939,1099,1123]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Mauritian</collectorName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<collectorName id="26E25302D10F5C12662FFBB1FB06FB8B" box="[1082,1155,1099,1123]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Pacific</collectorName>
|
||
specimens
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D10F5C12633CFB94FC02FB6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793318" box="[297,903,1134,1158]" location="However" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD10F5C12633CFB94FE16FB6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1305C12638FF9F0FF76F969:8EC8600FD10F5C12633CFB94FE16FB6E" box="[297,403,1134,1158]" name="However" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">However</location>
|
||
, examination of SEM images of nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10F5C126163FB94FC02FB6E" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[886,903,1134,1158]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ferocula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C126163FB94FC02FB6E" box="[886,903,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">R</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C126193FB94FC0FFB6E" box="[902,906,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D10F5C126187FB94FC9DFADB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793309" location="Andrew Ostrovsky" municipality="Sagafa Bay" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C126187FB94FC6BFB6E" box="[914,1006,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">ferocula</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCACAED10F5C126623FB94FF49FB41" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Sagafa Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D10F5C1262CDFB6BFEB0FB41" box="[216,309,1169,1193]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD10F5C126351FB6BFD9AFB41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1305C12638FF9F0FF76F969:8EC8600FD10F5C126351FB6BFD9AFB41" box="[324,543,1169,1193]" municipality="Sagafa Bay" name="Andrew Ostrovsky" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar">Andrew Ostrovsky</location>
|
||
, unpublished data); argued against this, as one
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D10F5C12664DFB6BFF4DFB23" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimen shows intracolony variation in the shape of the primary orifice and sinus, with some zooids having a shallow, drop-shaped sinus bordered by medially curved processes, and others a deeper, U-shaped sinus not constricted at the opening, as is characteristic at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D10F5C12600BFAE1FC9DFADB" box="[542,792,1307,1331]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Hawaii and Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D10F5C126132FAE1FE51FA73" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793331" collectorName="Mauritian & Okinawan" location="Solomon" municipality="In" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCACAED10F5C126132FAE1FCB8FADB" box="[807,829,1307,1331]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">In</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
addition, the ancestrula is indistinguishable between the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D10F5C126005FAC4FDF0FABE" box="[528,629,1342,1366]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD10F5C1260A7FAC4FC9FFABE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1305C12638FF9F0FF76F969:8EC8600FD10F5C1260A7FAC4FC9FFABE" box="[690,794,1342,1366]" municipality="In" name="Solomon" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Okinawa">Solomon</location>
|
||
populations, although mature zooids in the latter population are more similar to those in the
|
||
<collectorName id="26E25302D10F5C1261A7FA9BFBA4FA91" box="[946,1057,1377,1401]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Mauritian</collectorName>
|
||
than in the
|
||
<collectorName id="26E25302D10F5C1262C4FA79FEC0FA73" box="[209,325,1411,1435]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Okinawan</collectorName>
|
||
population
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10F5C1262B5FA26FEA1FA1E" blockId="99.[160,1156,1500,1665]" box="[160,292,1500,1526]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10F5C1262B5FA26FEA1FA1E" box="[160,292,1500,1526]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10F5C1262B5FA26FEA1FA1E" bold="true" box="[160,292,1500,1526]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="240" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10F5C1262B5F9FBFF76F969" blockId="99.[160,1156,1500,1665]" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">
|
||
We found seven colonies, at the SES and REEF sites. This species is broadly distributed in nearshore habitats in the subtropical to tropical Indo-West Pacific, with previous records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10F5C126352F9BCFE31F9B6" box="[327,436,1606,1630]" name="Mauritius" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Red Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10F5C12607BF9BCFD55F9B6" box="[622,720,1606,1630]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Solomons, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10F5C1261D9F9BCFBCCF9B6" box="[972,1097,1606,1630]" name="Philippines" pageId="99" pageNumber="240">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Hawaii.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |