treatments-xml/data/03/BE/87/03BE8788FF9CFF8CFF4FFCD931C2FE89.xml

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<mods:title id="05EA251B93EF41FBF31A9B4A31C5B629">Dorcadion axillare Küster, 1847 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae): distribution, morphometrics, karyotype and description of a new subspecies from Romania</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3ED895CB53BA553126264BE7316E4771">Dascălu, Maria-Magdalena</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C30D6515FF9CFF84FF4FFCD937BAFC78" box="[151,641,888,915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9CFF84FF4FFCD937BAFC78" blockId="4.[151,641,888,915]" box="[151,641,888,915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0E081F2FF9CFF84FF4FFCD937BAFC78" bold="true" box="[151,641,888,915]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9CFF84FF4FFCD937BAFC78" bold="true" box="[151,641,888,915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9CFF84FF4FFCD9372CFC79" ID-CoL="7GQQ8" box="[151,535,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9CFF84FF4FFCD9372CFC79" bold="true" box="[151,535,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Dorcadion axillare moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F7FF9CFF84FDC6FCD837BAFC78" box="[542,641,888,914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6515FF9CFF84FF4FFC643147FA0C" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9CFF84FF4FFC643147FA0C" blockId="4.[151,1437,963,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9CFF84FF4FFC6434F9FC36" bold="true" box="[151,450,963,988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54AC883CFF9CFF84FF4FFC6435E9FC36" box="[151,210,964,988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
material. 
<typeStatus id="54AC883CFF9CFF84FE8DFC6434F9FC36" box="[341,450,964,988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, 3: 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9CFF84FE25FC64375EFC36" box="[509,613,964,988]" name="Romania" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Romania</collectingCountry>
, Iaşi county, ‘Valea lui David’ Nature Reserve, leg. Dascälu &amp; Fusu, 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FF4FFC493428FBEB" box="[151,275,1001,1025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2008-04-18">18.IV.2008</date>
(first author’s collection). 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9CFF84FD95FC4937FEFBEB" bold="true" box="[589,709,1001,1025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54AC883CFF9CFF84FD95FC4937FEFBEB" box="[589,709,1001,1025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9CFF84FD0FFC493604FBEB" box="[727,831,1001,1025]" name="Romania" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Romania</collectingCountry>
, Iaşi county, ‘Valea lui David’ Nature Reserve: leg. Fusu L., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FF22FBAE3454FBCC" box="[250,367,1038,1062]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2004-05-19">19.V.2004</date>
, 73 2Ƥ; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FD4DFBAE3636FBCC" box="[661,781,1038,1062]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2004-10-10">10.X.2004</date>
, 1Ƥ colected as pupa from pupal cell in soil under roots of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9CFF84FF4FFB9535F4FBA6" box="[151,207,1077,1100]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9CFF84FF4FFB9535F4FBA6" box="[151,207,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Stipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FE15FB94370FFBA6" box="[461,564,1076,1100]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2005-05-08">8.V.2005</date>
, 13; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FCE1FB943694FBA6" box="[825,943,1076,1100]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2005-05-14">14.V.2005</date>
, 1Ƥ; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FB6CFB943009FBA6" box="[1204,1330,1076,1100]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2006-04-16">16.IV.2006</date>
, 1Ƥ; leg. Fusu L., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FEDAFBF934BBFB9B" box="[258,384,1113,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2006-04-17">17.IV.2006</date>
, 23; leg. Fusu L., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FDBDFBF937DFFB9B" box="[613,740,1113,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2006-04-21">21.IV.2006</date>
, 33 2Ƥ; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FBFAFBF931ADFB9B" box="[1058,1174,1113,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2006-05-12">12.V.2006</date>
, 13; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FF4FFBDE3437FB7C" box="[151,268,1150,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2006-05-13">13.V.2006</date>
, 23 1Ƥ; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FD8CFBDE37F2FB7C" box="[596,713,1150,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2006-05-29">29.V.2006</date>
, 1Ƥ; leg. Dascälu &amp; Fusu, 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FBC2FBDE31A3FB7C" box="[1050,1176,1150,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2007-04-24">
24. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF9CFF84FBE3FBDE31A3FB7C" author="IV" box="[1083,1176,1150,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Danilevsky, M. L. &amp; Kasatkin, D. G. (2007) Further investigation of Dorcadionini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) endophallus with a revison of taxonomical position of the genus Trichodorcadion Breuning, 1942. Russian Entomological Journal, 15 (4) [2006], 401 - 407." type="journal article" year="2007">IV.2007</bibRefCitation>
</date>
, 131Ƥ; leg. Fusu L., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FF4FFB043430FB56" box="[151,267,1188,1212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2007-05-18">18.V.2007</date>
, 13; leg. Dascälu &amp; Fusu, 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FD9BFB0437F8FB56" box="[579,707,1188,1212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2008-03-29">29.III.2008</date>
, 13; leg. Dascälu &amp; Fusu, 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FC23FB043142FB56" box="[1019,1145,1188,1212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2008-04-18">18.IV.2008</date>
, 103 3Ƥ; leg. Dascälu &amp; Fusu, 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FF03FB693462FB0B" box="[219,345,1225,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2008-04-25">25.IV.2008</date>
, 33; leg. Fusu L., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FDF1FB69379CFB0B" box="[553,679,1225,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2011-04-17">17.IV.2011</date>
, 13; leg. Dascälu &amp; Fusu, 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FC0CFB693169FB0B" box="[980,1106,1225,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2011-04-27">27.IV.2011</date>
, 43 4Ƥ (first author’s collection); leg. Fusu L., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FEABFB4E34D2FAEC" box="[371,489,1262,1286]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2004-05-19">19.V.2004</date>
, 43 1Ƥ; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FCCDFB4E3647FAEC" box="[789,892,1262,1286]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2005-05-08">8.V.2005</date>
, 33 3Ƥ (
<collectionCode id="ED06AE5BFF9CFF84FC30FB4E3179FAEC" box="[1000,1090,1262,1286]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kt43-hjs1" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bale" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">MHNB</collectionCode>
); leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FAC1FB4E30A3FAEC" box="[1305,1432,1262,1286]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2006-04-16">16.IV.2006</date>
, 13; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FE4CFAB43729FAC6" box="[404,530,1300,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2008-04-18">18.IV.2008</date>
, 1Ƥ; leg. Dascälu &amp; Fusu, 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FC8DFAB436EFFAC6" box="[853,980,1300,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2008-04-25">25.IV.2008</date>
, 13 (Natural History Museum of Iaşi); 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9CFF84FF4FFA9935C4FABB" box="[151,255,1337,1361]" name="Romania" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Romania</collectingCountry>
, Iaşi county, Rediu village, Mârzeşti: leg. Fusu L., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FC98FA99368DFABB" box="[832,950,1337,1361]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2004-05-20">20.V.2004</date>
, 13; leg. Dascälu M., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FB6DFA99300FFABB" box="[1205,1332,1337,1361]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2005-04-25">
25. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF9CFF84FB0DFA99300FFABB" author="IV" box="[1237,1332,1337,1361]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Danilevsky, M. L., Kasatkin, D. G. &amp; Rubenyan, A. A. (2005) Revision of the taxonomic structure of the tribe Dorcadionini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on the base of endophallic morphology. Russian Entomological Journal, 13 (3) [2004], 127 - 149." type="journal article" year="2005">IV.2005</bibRefCitation>
</date>
, 13; leg. Fusu L., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FEDDFAFE3457FA9C" box="[261,364,1374,1398]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2007-05-03">3.V.2007</date>
, 1Ƥ; leg. Chinan V., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FDAAFAFE37D5FA9C" box="[626,750,1374,1398]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2011-04-17">17.IV.2011</date>
, 1Ƥ; 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9CFF84FCEFFAFE36A4FA9C" box="[823,927,1374,1398]" name="Romania" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Romania</collectingCountry>
, Vaslui county, ‘Movila lui Burcel’ Nature Reserve, near Chirceşti: leg. Fusu L., 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FDE6FA243780FA76" box="[574,699,1412,1436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2011-04-28">28.IV.2011</date>
, 13 (first author’s collection); 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9CFF84FBCFFA243144FA76" box="[1047,1151,1412,1436]" name="Romania" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Romania</collectingCountry>
, Vaslui county, Chirceşti, slope with steppic vegetation by the highway, leg. Dascälu, Fusu &amp; Chinan: 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FC37FA093155FA2B" box="[1007,1134,1449,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2006-04-27">27.IV.2006</date>
, 13 (
<collectionCode id="ED06AE5BFF9CFF84FB73FA09303EFA2B" box="[1195,1285,1449,1473]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kt43-hjs1" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bale" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">MHNB</collectionCode>
); 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FAC1FA0930ACFA2B" box="[1305,1431,1449,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2006-04-27">27.IV.2006</date>
, 63 3Ƥ; 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FF2BFA6E345CFA0C" box="[243,359,1486,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2007-05-23">23.V.2007</date>
, 33; 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FE7DFA6E3722FA0C" box="[421,537,1486,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2008-05-11">11.V.2008</date>
, 43 1Ƥ; 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9CFF84FD58FA6E37C6FA0C" box="[640,765,1486,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2011-04-28">28.IV.2011</date>
, 83 2Ƥ (first author’s collection).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6515FF9CFF84FF11FA5430BDF9E6" box="[201,1414,1524,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9CFF84FF11FA5430BDF9E6" blockId="4.[151,1437,963,1921]" box="[201,1414,1524,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9CFF84FF11FA543474F9E6" bold="true" box="[201,335,1524,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</emphasis>
The subspecies is named after the historical region 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9CFF84FC4CFA5436C7F9E6" box="[916,1020,1524,1548]" name="Moldova" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Moldova</collectingCountry>
, where the 
<typeStatus id="54AC883CFF9CFF84FBA4FA553197F9E7" box="[1148,1196,1525,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
locality is situated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D6515FF9CFF8BFF11F9B8306CFE5B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9CFF84FF11F9B83029F86B" blockId="4.[151,1437,963,1921]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9CFF84FF11F9B8346FF9DB" bold="true" box="[201,340,1560,1585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Description</emphasis>
. Male (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9CFF84FE74F9B934CAF9DB" box="[428,497,1561,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[175,1418,195,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus. (a) Dorcadion a. axillar e, male and (b, c) females from Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, male and (e, f) females from Chirceşti, (g) D. a. moldavicum, male and (h) female from ‘ Valea lui David’. Endophalus. (i) D. a. axillare, (j) D. a. moldavicum. Arrow points to the small spine on the ventral side of the median tube." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213971/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9CFF84FE39F9B934CAF9DB" box="[481,497,1561,1585]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" unit="g" value="6.0">6</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g). Body length: 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9CFF84FD77F9B9366FF9DB" box="[687,852,1561,1585]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" metricValueMax="1.43" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="12.8" valueMax="14.3" valueMin="11.3">11.3–14.3 mm</quantity>
; body width: 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9CFF84FC28F9B93141F9DB" box="[1008,1146,1561,1585]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="5.3" valueMin="4.2">4.2–5.3 mm</quantity>
. Gena 0.62–0.88 times as long as width of lower eye lobe; antennae reaching apical 1/3 of elytra; first antennal joint 1.1–1.2 times as long as the third. Pronotum subquadrate, 0.94–1.12 as long as wide at base, with a sharp spine at each side (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9CFF84FAD2F9C43069F996" box="[1290,1362,1636,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,204,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Endophallus. (a) Dorcadion arenarium, Croatia, Krk Island and (b) Italy, Ripalda, (c) D. a. axillare, Bulgaria, Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, Romania, ‘ Valea lui David’ and (e) Chirceşti. Aedeagus. D. a. moldavicum: (f) median lobe, (g) parameres. Pronotum. (h) D. a. moldavicum, male and (i) female, (j, k) D. a. axillare, males and (l) female. Abbreviations. (bt) basal tube, (mt) medial tube, (ct) central trunk, (cb) central chamber with (vs) ventral swelling and (vp) ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213970/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Figs 5</figureCitation>
h, 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9CFF84FAA8F9C430B4F996" box="[1392,1423,1636,1660]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" unit="g" value="6.0">6g</quantity>
). Elytra 1.71–2.09 times as long as wide, with humeral prominences rounded but evident; humeral carinae well developed in basal 2/3 of elytra but traceable almost to apex; external dorsal carinae present in basal 1/3 of elytra. Genitalia as in 
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9CFF84FE98F97434BEF906" box="[320,389,1748,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,204,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Endophallus. (a) Dorcadion arenarium, Croatia, Krk Island and (b) Italy, Ripalda, (c) D. a. axillare, Bulgaria, Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, Romania, ‘ Valea lui David’ and (e) Chirceşti. Aedeagus. D. a. moldavicum: (f) median lobe, (g) parameres. Pronotum. (h) D. a. moldavicum, male and (i) female, (j, k) D. a. axillare, males and (l) female. Abbreviations. (bt) basal tube, (mt) medial tube, (ct) central trunk, (cb) central chamber with (vs) ventral swelling and (vp) ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213970/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Figs 5</figureCitation>
d, f–g, 6j. Body black; antennae almost black with first and sometimes also the second antennal joint brownish red. Legs brownish red, with blackish tarsi. Head with a median white stripe and two black lateral spots. Pronotum covered with dense, black pubescence, with a median white stripe and moderately developed lateral grey pubescence. Elytra with dense, dull black pubescence and white sutural and lateral stripes; small spots of velvety black pubescence near sutural stripe; humeral stripe reduced to a small, white humeral spot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9DFF85FF11FF37310DFEF5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
Female (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9DFF85FEF2FF373456FF45" box="[298,365,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[175,1418,195,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus. (a) Dorcadion a. axillar e, male and (b, c) females from Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, male and (e, f) females from Chirceşti, (g) D. a. moldavicum, male and (h) female from ‘ Valea lui David’. Endophalus. (i) D. a. axillare, (j) D. a. moldavicum. Arrow points to the small spine on the ventral side of the median tube." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213971/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
h). Body length: 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9DFF85FDF0FF373782FF45" box="[552,697,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.455" metricValueMax="1.61" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="14.55" valueMax="16.1" valueMin="13.0">13–16.1 mm</quantity>
; body width: 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9DFF85FC88FF3736FFFF45" box="[848,964,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5–6 mm</quantity>
. Gena 0.77–0.95 times as long as width of lower eye lobe; antennae not reaching middle of elytra; first antennal joint 1.4–1.5 times as long as the third. Pronotum transverse, 0.76–0.9 times as long as wide at base, with longer and sharper spines (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9DFF85FB58FF4231F8FF10" box="[1152,1219,226,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,204,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Endophallus. (a) Dorcadion arenarium, Croatia, Krk Island and (b) Italy, Ripalda, (c) D. a. axillare, Bulgaria, Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, Romania, ‘ Valea lui David’ and (e) Chirceşti. Aedeagus. D. a. moldavicum: (f) median lobe, (g) parameres. Pronotum. (h) D. a. moldavicum, male and (i) female, (j, k) D. a. axillare, males and (l) female. Abbreviations. (bt) basal tube, (mt) medial tube, (ct) central trunk, (cb) central chamber with (vs) ventral swelling and (vp) ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213970/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
Fig. 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9DFF85FB6CFF4231F8FF10" box="[1204,1219,226,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">5</date>
</figureCitation>
i). Elytra 1.58–1.78 times as long as wide, with more evident humeral prominences and elytral carinae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9DFF85FF11FE8D3634FE15" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
Variation. The specimens from Mârzeşti (Rediu village), situated at five km in strait line from ‘Valea lui David’, are morphologically identical with those from the 
<typeStatus id="54AC883CFF9DFF85FC8BFEF336B8FE81" box="[851,899,339,363]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
locality. We also regard the specimens from Chirceşti, 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9DFF85FED3FED7346FFE65" box="[267,340,375,399]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
southern from the 
<typeStatus id="54AC883CFF9DFF85FDE8FED8375BFE7A" box="[560,608,376,400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
locality as 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9DFF85FD3DFED83136FE7A" box="[741,1037,376,400]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9DFF85FD3DFED83136FE7A" box="[741,1037,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Dorcadion a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F7FF9DFF85FBCDFED83140FE65" box="[1045,1147,376,399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; they are similar to those from ‘Valea lui David’ in pronotum shape, pronotal spine length and male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9DFF85FB93FE3D31A9FE5F" box="[1099,1170,413,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,204,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Endophallus. (a) Dorcadion arenarium, Croatia, Krk Island and (b) Italy, Ripalda, (c) D. a. axillare, Bulgaria, Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, Romania, ‘ Valea lui David’ and (e) Chirceşti. Aedeagus. D. a. moldavicum: (f) median lobe, (g) parameres. Pronotum. (h) D. a. moldavicum, male and (i) female, (j, k) D. a. axillare, males and (l) female. Abbreviations. (bt) basal tube, (mt) medial tube, (ct) central trunk, (cb) central chamber with (vs) ventral swelling and (vp) ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213970/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 5</figureCitation>
e, 6d, e) but are slightly smaller in size. Also this population has both androchrome and autochrome females (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9DFF85FB80FE6231A1FE30" box="[1112,1178,450,474]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[175,1418,195,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus. (a) Dorcadion a. axillar e, male and (b, c) females from Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, male and (e, f) females from Chirceşti, (g) D. a. moldavicum, male and (h) female from ‘ Valea lui David’. Endophalus. (i) D. a. axillare, (j) D. a. moldavicum. Arrow points to the small spine on the ventral side of the median tube." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213971/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
f) the latter form being very rare (only one specimen collected in several years).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9DFF85FF11FDAD3782FD50" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9DFF85FF11FDAD34D3FDCC" bold="true" box="[201,488,525,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Morphometric analysis.</emphasis>
All the univariate measures (pL, pbW, eL, eW, bL) for the northern and southern populations are largely overlapping, even though the differences between mean values are statistically significant. When variables are combined as ratios (bivariate analysis) only pL/pbW is almost not overlapping (
<tableCitation id="C6950325FF9DFF85FAD3FDF73064FD85" box="[1291,1375,599,623]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,235,1588,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1667,2020]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation for the five characters and two ratios in the dataset. Values in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF686616FF9BFF83FF4FF99435FEF982" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" tableUuid="DF686616FF9BFF83FF4FF99435FEF982">Table 1</tableCitation>
) and can be used to separate the two groups of populations (
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9DFF85FCCBFDDD364EFD7F" box="[787,885,637,661]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
and Romanian Dobruja 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9DFF85FB49FDDE31E3FD7F" box="[1169,1240,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">versus</emphasis>
NE 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9DFF85FAC8FDDD3040FD7F" box="[1296,1403,637,661]" name="Romania" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Romania</collectingCountry>
); a bivariate plot showing this is presented in 
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9DFF85FDA8FD02378FFD50" box="[624,692,674,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1511,1534]" captionTargetBox="[353,1218,775,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[339,1239,756,1473]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Relationship between pronotum length (pL) and pronotum base width (pbW) in Dorcadion a. axillare and D. a. moldavicum ssp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF686616FF9DFF85FF4FFA473462F9F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[353,1218,775,1471]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9DFF85FF4FFA473462F9F1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1511,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9DFF85FF4FFA47342FFA16" bold="true" box="[151,276,1511,1534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Relationship between pronotum length (pL) and pronotum base width (pbW) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9DFF85FB8FFA47300EFA17" box="[1111,1333,1511,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arenarium" subSpecies="axillare">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9DFF85FB8FFA47300EFA17" box="[1111,1333,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Dorcadion a. axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9DFF85FAB0FA483428F9F6" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9DFF85FAB0FA483428F9F6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">D. a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F7FF9DFF85FEC1F9A63462F9F1" box="[281,345,1542,1563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" rank="subSpecies">ssp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9DFF85FF11F9D237BEF872" blockId="5.[151,1436,1650,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
The PCA extracted five components based on the seven analysed variables. In the scatterplot (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9DFF85FB35F9D2300AF960" box="[1261,1329,1650,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1714,1737]" captionTargetBox="[175,1416,698,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,677,1707]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Plot of the first two components from the Principal Component Analysis of the log-transformed data based on the correlation matrix." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213969/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) only the first two principal components are shown as they account together for 86.67 % of the total variance (67.72% for PC1 and 18.95 % for PC2). Although some overlapping exists, the two clusters that correspond to the two groups of populations (
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9DFF85FE94F9463495F914" box="[332,430,1766,1790]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
and NE 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9DFF85FDC2F94637BAF914" box="[538,641,1766,1790]" name="Romania" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Romania</collectingCountry>
) are evident. The population from Chirceşti lays in-between the two clusters but it overlaps more with 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9DFF85FDFAF8AE3614F8CF" box="[546,815,1805,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9DFF85FDFAF8AE3614F8CF" box="[546,815,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">D. axillare moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster. 
<tableCitation id="C6950325FF9DFF85FC49F8AC36DDF8CE" box="[913,998,1804,1828]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[165,1244,207,631]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Proportion of variance, eigenvalues and coefficients of the components of the Principal Component Analysis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF686616FF9EFF86FF4FFF38305BFF44" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" tableUuid="DF686616FF9EFF86FF4FFF38305BFF44">Table 2</tableCitation>
shows the proportion of variance, the eigenvalues and the contribution of each variable to the first two components. Along the first component pL, eL and bL have a high contribution, and eL/eW the smallest one. Along the second component pL/pbW and eL/eW have the largest weight and bL almost none.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF686616FF9EFF86FF4FFF38305BFF44" ID-Table-UUID="DF686616FF9EFF86FF4FFF38305BFF44" box="[151,1376,152,174]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF686616FF9EFF86FF4FFF38305BFF44" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[165,1244,207,631]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9EFF86FF4FFF38305BFF44" blockId="6.[151,1376,152,174]" box="[151,1376,152,174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF4FFF38343FFF47" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Proportion of variance, eigenvalues and coefficients of the components of the Principal Component Analysis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9EFF86FD66FF6F314DFD9D" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<table id="F917C43EFF9E007FFF7DFF6F31E7FD9D" box="[165,1244,207,631]" gridcols="3" gridrows="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFF6F31E7FF0C" box="[165,1244,207,230]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FF6F366AFF0C" box="[702,849,207,230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FD66FF6F366AFF0E" bold="true" box="[702,849,207,230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Component 1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FF6F31E7FF0C" box="[1098,1244,207,230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FB92FF6F31E7FF0E" bold="true" box="[1098,1244,207,230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Component 2</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFF5B31E7FEF8" box="[165,1244,251,274]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFF7DFF5B3408FEF8" box="[165,307,251,274]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF7DFF5B3408FEF8" bold="true" box="[165,307,251,274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">variance (%)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FF5B366AFEF8" box="[702,849,251,274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">67.72</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FF5B31E7FEF8" box="[1098,1244,251,274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">18.95</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFE8731E7FED4" box="[165,1244,295,318]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFF7DFE873408FED4" box="[165,307,295,318]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF7DFE87342CFED4" bold="true" box="[165,279,295,318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">eigenvalue</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FE87366AFED4" box="[702,849,295,318]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">4.74</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FE8731E7FED4" box="[1098,1244,295,318]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">1.33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFEF431E7FE80" box="[165,1244,340,362]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFF7DFEF43408FE80" box="[165,307,340,362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF7DFEF435FFFE83" bold="true" box="[165,196,340,361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">pL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FEF4366AFE80" box="[702,849,340,362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.96</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FEF431E7FE80" box="[1098,1244,340,362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.04</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFE2231E7FE7D" box="[165,1244,386,407]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFF7DFE223408FE7D" box="[165,307,386,407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF7DFE2235E1FE7D" bold="true" box="[165,218,386,407]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">pbW</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FE22366AFE7D" box="[702,849,386,407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.87</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FE2231E7FE7D" box="[1098,1244,386,407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">-0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFE0E31E7FE2E" box="[165,1244,430,452]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFF7DFE0E3408FE2E" box="[165,307,430,452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF7DFE0F35FAFE2E" bold="true" box="[165,193,431,452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">eL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FE0E366AFE2E" box="[702,849,430,452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.96</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FE0E31E7FE2E" box="[1098,1244,430,452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.09</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFE7B31E7FE1B" box="[165,1244,475,497]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFF7DFE7B3408FE1B" box="[165,307,475,497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF7DFE7B35F2FE1A" bold="true" box="[165,201,475,496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">eW</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FE7B366AFE1B" box="[702,849,475,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.92</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FE7B31E7FE1B" box="[1098,1244,475,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">-0.34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFDA731E7FDF7" box="[165,1244,519,541]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFF7DFDA73408FDF7" box="[165,307,519,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF7DFDA835FFFDF7" bold="true" box="[165,196,520,541]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">bL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FDA7366AFDF7" box="[702,849,519,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.95</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FDA731E7FDF7" box="[1098,1244,519,541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">-0.008</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFD9331E7FDA0" box="[165,1244,563,586]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFF7DFD933408FDA0" box="[165,307,563,586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF7DFD93343AFDA0" bold="true" box="[165,257,563,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">pL/pbW</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FD93366AFDA0" box="[702,849,563,586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.56</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FD9331E7FDA0" box="[1098,1244,563,586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF9E007FFF7DFDC031E7FD9D" box="[165,1244,608,631]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFF7DFDC03408FD9D" box="[165,307,608,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF7DFDC035D6FD9D" bold="true" box="[165,237,608,631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">eL/eW</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFD66FDC0366AFD9D" box="[702,849,608,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.25</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF9E007FFB92FDC031E7FD9D" box="[1098,1244,608,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">0.84</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF686616FF9EFF86FF4FF912346FF90D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213969/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[175,1416,698,1697]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9EFF86FF4FF912346FF90D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1714,1767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF4FF9123428F922" bold="true" box="[151,275,1714,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Plot of the first two components from the Principal Component Analysis of the log-transformed data based on the correlation matrix.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9EFF86FF1FF8B43054F833" blockId="6.[151,1436,1812,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FF1FF8B43498F8C7" bold="true" box="[199,419,1812,1837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Comparative note.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9EFF86FE73F8B43637F8C6" box="[427,780,1812,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FE73F8B43637F8C6" box="[427,780,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Dorcadion axillare moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F7FF9EFF86FCCDF8B5364DF8C6" box="[789,886,1813,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from the nominal subspecies in its bigger and more elongated body (length up to 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9EFF86FD9CF897379DF8A5" box="[580,678,1847,1871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="14.3">14.3 mm</quantity>
in males and 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9EFF86FCE5F89736B2F8A5" box="[829,905,1847,1871]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0894" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="16.1">16.1 in</quantity>
females), elongated pronotum which in males is about 1.1 times longer than wide at the base to subquadrate (usually 0.8–0.9 times in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9EFF86FBECF8FB3038F898" box="[1076,1283,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="axillare">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9EFF86FBECF8FB3038F898" box="[1076,1283,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">D. axillare axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males), much longer pronotal spines (short or nearly absent in almost all specimens of the nominal subspecies) (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9EFF86FB1AF8DC3039F87E" box="[1218,1282,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,204,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Endophallus. (a) Dorcadion arenarium, Croatia, Krk Island and (b) Italy, Ripalda, (c) D. a. axillare, Bulgaria, Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, Romania, ‘ Valea lui David’ and (e) Chirceşti. Aedeagus. D. a. moldavicum: (f) median lobe, (g) parameres. Pronotum. (h) D. a. moldavicum, male and (i) female, (j, k) D. a. axillare, males and (l) female. Abbreviations. (bt) basal tube, (mt) medial tube, (ct) central trunk, (cb) central chamber with (vs) ventral swelling and (vp) ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213970/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
h–l), presence on the endophalus (on the ventral side of the median tube, before the central chamber) of a small spine which is absent in the nominal subspecies (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9EFF86FE67F8613738F833" box="[447,515,1985,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,204,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Endophallus. (a) Dorcadion arenarium, Croatia, Krk Island and (b) Italy, Ripalda, (c) D. a. axillare, Bulgaria, Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, Romania, ‘ Valea lui David’ and (e) Chirceşti. Aedeagus. D. a. moldavicum: (f) median lobe, (g) parameres. Pronotum. (h) D. a. moldavicum, male and (i) female, (j, k) D. a. axillare, males and (l) female. Abbreviations. (bt) basal tube, (mt) medial tube, (ct) central trunk, (cb) central chamber with (vs) ventral swelling and (vp) ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213970/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figs 5</figureCitation>
c–e, 
<date id="FFA9105EFF9EFF86FDEFF8613775F833" box="[567,590,1985,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">6i</date>
, j), and absence of autochrome females in the most northern populations.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF686616FF9FFF87FF4FF9A835E2F973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213970/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[176,1408,204,1510]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9FFF87FF4FF9A835E2F973" blockId="7.[151,1436,1544,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9FFF87FF4FF9A8342EF9F4" bold="true" box="[151,277,1544,1567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Endophallus. (a) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9FFF87FE09F9A8378AF9F5" box="[465,689,1544,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenarium">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9FFF87FE09F9A8378AF9F5" box="[465,689,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Dorcadion arenarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Croatia, Krk Island and (b) Italy, Ripalda, (c) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9FFF87FB7CF9AA3014F9F4" box="[1188,1327,1544,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="axillare">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9FFF87FB7CF9AA3014F9F4" box="[1188,1327,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">D. a. axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Bulgaria, Stara Zagora, (d) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9FFF87FE97F988373CF9D7" box="[335,519,1575,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9FFF87FE97F988373CF9D7" box="[335,519,1575,1597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">D. a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Romania, ‘Valea lui David’ and (e) Chirceşti. Aedeagus. 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9FFF87FBB0F988301BF9D7" box="[1128,1312,1575,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9FFF87FBB0F988301BF9D7" box="[1128,1312,1575,1597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">D. a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (f) median lobe, (g) parameres. Pronotum. (h) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9FFF87FE24F9E7378BF9B6" box="[508,688,1606,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9FFF87FE24F9E7378BF9B6" box="[508,688,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">D. a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male and (i) female, (j, k) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF9FFF87FC1EF9E73176F9B6" box="[966,1101,1606,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="axillare">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF9FFF87FC1EF9E73176F9B6" box="[966,1101,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">D. a. axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, males and (l) female. Abbreviations. (bt) basal tube, (mt) medial tube, (ct) central trunk, (cb) central chamber with (vs) ventral swelling and (vp) ventral plates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF9FFF87FF11F97F367EF86D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1758,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
The population from Chirceşti is characterized by a smaller body length (in males 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9FFF87FB84F97F31D7F91D" box="[1116,1260,1759,1783]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="11.75" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.5">10.5–13 mm</quantity>
, with a mean of 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9FFF87FF4FF8A33431F8F1" box="[151,266,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.184" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="11.84">11.84 mm</quantity>
, n = 22 and 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9FFF87FE40F8A33700F8F1" box="[408,571,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="14.5" valueMin="12.5">12.5–14.5 mm</quantity>
in females, with a mean of 
<quantity id="4CEF9B7BFF9FFF87FCAFF8A336E6F8F1" box="[887,989,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="13.3">13.3 mm</quantity>
, n = 6), which makes it more similar to the nominal subspecies; unlike the population from the 
<typeStatus id="54AC883CFF9FFF87FCD9F888360AF8AA" box="[769,817,1832,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
locality the Chirceşti population has both androchrome and autochrome females, but the latter ones are apparently different from those in 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF9FFF87FBF5F8EB31B6F889" box="[1069,1165,1867,1891]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
having the humeral and dorsal elytral stripes broadly fused at elytral apex (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF9FFF87FD17F8CF3629F86D" box="[719,786,1903,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[175,1418,195,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus. (a) Dorcadion a. axillar e, male and (b, c) females from Stara Zagora, (d) D. a. moldavicum, male and (e, f) females from Chirceşti, (g) D. a. moldavicum, male and (h) female from ‘ Valea lui David’. Endophalus. (i) D. a. axillare, (j) D. a. moldavicum. Arrow points to the small spine on the ventral side of the median tube." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213971/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
c, f).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF686616FF90FF88FF4FF8F5311AF842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213971/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[175,1418,195,1852]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF90FF88FF4FF8F5311AF842" blockId="8.[151,1436,1877,1960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF90FF88FF4FF8F53428F880" bold="true" box="[151,275,1877,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Habitus. (a) 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF90FF88FE4FF8F5375CF881" box="[407,615,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF90FF88FE4FF8F5373FF881" box="[407,516,1877,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dorcadion</taxonomicName>
a. axillar
</emphasis>
e, male and (b, c) females from Stara Zagora, (d) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF90FF88FB86F8F63029F881" box="[1118,1298,1877,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF90FF88FB86F8F63029F881" box="[1118,1298,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">D. a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male and (e, f) females from Chirceşti, (g) 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF90FF88FE1FF8D53747F860" box="[455,636,1908,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF90FF88FE1FF8D53747F860" box="[455,636,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">D. a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male and (h) female from ‘Valea lui David’. Endophalus. (i) 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF90FF88FB29F8D53045F860" box="[1265,1406,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF90FF88FB29F8D53042F860" box="[1265,1401,1908,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="axillare">D. a. axillare</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
(j) 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF90FF88FF4FF8333469F842" box="[151,338,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF90FF88FF4FF8333475F842" box="[151,334,1938,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">D. a. moldavicum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Arrow points to the small spine on the ventral side of the median tube.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF686616FF91FF89FF4FF99A34DFF964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213972/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[348,1238,193,1570]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF91FF89FF4FF99A34DFF964" blockId="9.[151,1437,1594,1678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF91FF89FF4FF99A342EF9BA" bold="true" box="[151,277,1594,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Chromosomes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF91FF89FE00F99B37DDF9BB" box="[472,742,1595,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF91FF89FE00F99B37DDF9BB" box="[472,742,1595,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Dorcadion a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) female, Chirceşti, (b, c) females, ‘Valea lui David’, (d) male, ‘Valea lui David’, (e) prophase I, male, Chirceşti, and (f) ‘Valea lui David’. (a, b, d, e, f) conventional staining, (c) C banding. Arrows point to the sex bivalent.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF91FF8AFF11F9153418FEF6" blockId="9.[151,1436,1717,2032]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,607]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF91FF89FF11F9153453F924" bold="true" box="[201,360,1717,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Cytogenetics.</emphasis>
The karyotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF91FF89FDEFF917367BF924" box="[567,832,1718,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF91FF89FDEFF917367BF924" box="[567,832,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">D. axillare moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F7FF91FF89FC9FF9173693F924" box="[839,936,1719,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has 24 pairs of chromosomes that we divide into three groups based on centromere position and size (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF91FF89FCCEF9793662F91B" box="[790,857,1753,1777]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[348,1238,193,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[348,1239,193,1573]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chromosomes of Dorcadion a. moldavicum. (a) female, Chirceşti, (b, c) females, ‘ Valea lui David’, (d) male, ‘ Valea lui David’, (e) prophase I, male, Chirceşti, and (f) ‘ Valea lui David’. (a, b, d, e, f) conventional staining, (c) C banding. Arrows point to the sex bivalent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213972/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
a–d). The first group (I) is represented by four pairs of large chromosomes, three acrocentric and the fourth metacentric-submetacentric (in fact pseudoacrocentric, as shown by C banding); the second group (II) is formed by two pairs of metacentric chromosomes, those in the second pair evidently smaller. The third group (III) has five pairs of small chromosomes, the second pair submetacentric and the others acrocentric; the X chromosome belongs to this group. The chromosome number observed in the metaphasic plates is confirmed by the observations in male meiosis. All autosomes form regular pairs, and the sex bivalent is parachute shaped, easily distinguished because of this heteromorphy (male meioformula 11 + Xy p); the heterosomes are the smallest from the entire chromosomal set (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF91FF89FC86F8783699F81A" box="[862,930,2008,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[348,1238,193,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[348,1239,193,1573]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chromosomes of Dorcadion a. moldavicum. (a) female, Chirceşti, (b, c) females, ‘ Valea lui David’, (d) male, ‘ Valea lui David’, (e) prophase I, male, Chirceşti, and (f) ‘ Valea lui David’. (a, b, d, e, f) conventional staining, (c) C banding. Arrows point to the sex bivalent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213972/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
e, f). In the C banding karyotype (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF91FF89FAF8F8783058F81A" box="[1312,1379,2008,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[348,1238,193,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[348,1239,193,1573]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chromosomes of Dorcadion a. moldavicum. (a) female, Chirceşti, (b, c) females, ‘ Valea lui David’, (d) male, ‘ Valea lui David’, (e) prophase I, male, Chirceşti, and (f) ‘ Valea lui David’. (a, b, d, e, f) conventional staining, (c) C banding. Arrows point to the sex bivalent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213972/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
c) all the chromosomes have small blocs of pericentromeric heterochromatin, except pair 3, where the short arm is entirely heterochromatic. This chromosome is in fact pseudoacrocentric (an acrocentric chromosome with extraordinarily elongated, heterochromatic short arm) and not metacentric, if it is to follow the terminology proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF92FF8AFF4FFEA43424FEF6" author="Imai" box="[151,287,260,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" refString="Imai, H. T. (1991) Mutability of constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands) during eukaryotic chromosomal evolution and their cytological meaning. The Japanese Journal of Genetics, 66 (5), 635 - 661." type="journal article" year="1991">Imai (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF92FF8AFF11FE873482FDB5" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
The ideograms for ‘Valea lui David’ and Chirceşti populations are shown in 
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF92FF8AFBC6FE87315AFED5" box="[1054,1121,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[166,1388,678,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,661,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ideogram of the haploid karyotype of Dorcadion a. moldavicum. Chirceşti (dark chromosomes), ‘ Valea lui David’ (grey chromosomes). Arrows show significant differences." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213973/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
. Statistically significant differences exist between the 3rd and 4th pairs of chromosomes. Chromosome 3 is longer in Chirceşti population (relative chromosome length is 10.4% of the total haploid complement length compared with 9.3% in ‘Valea lui David’ population); chromosome 4 is longer in ‘Valea lui David’ population (10.3% compared with 9.4%) and the centromeric indices are also different (
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFD9FFE193769FE3A" box="[583,594,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">r</emphasis>
= 1.8 compared with 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC9FFE193669FE3A" box="[839,850,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">r</emphasis>
= 2.6 for Chirceşti population). The differences that appear between the chromosomes 4 of the two populations are due to the elongation of the completely heterochromatic short arm and not to a pericentromeric inversion, the long arm having the same length in both populations (
<tableCitation id="C6950325FF92FF8AFF46FD8435CDFDD6" box="[158,246,548,572]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,235,1178,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1258,1859]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Relative chromosome length, centromeric index and r (means ± SD) for two populations of Dorcadion axillare moldavicum. (*) indicates statistically significant differences, t - test, p &lt;0.05." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF686616FF92FF8AFF4FFB3A3644FB24" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="DF686616FF92FF8AFF4FFB3A3644FB24">Table 3</tableCitation>
). The differences that appear in the size of the Y chromosome (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF92FF8AFC10FD843135FDD6" box="[968,1038,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1085,1108]" captionTargetBox="[166,1388,678,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,661,1064]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ideogram of the haploid karyotype of Dorcadion a. moldavicum. Chirceşti (dark chromosomes), ‘ Valea lui David’ (grey chromosomes). Arrows show significant differences." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213973/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6950325FF92FF8AFBC2FD843155FDD6" box="[1050,1134,548,572]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,235,1178,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1258,1859]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Relative chromosome length, centromeric index and r (means ± SD) for two populations of Dorcadion axillare moldavicum. (*) indicates statistically significant differences, t - test, p &lt;0.05." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF686616FF92FF8AFF4FFB3A3644FB24" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="DF686616FF92FF8AFF4FFB3A3644FB24">Table 3</tableCitation>
) could be due to the small number of measurements.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF686616FF92FF8AFF4FFB9D37D0FB98" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213973/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[166,1388,678,1049]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF92FF8AFF4FFB9D37D0FB98" blockId="10.[151,1435,1085,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFF4FFB9D3429FBB9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1085,1108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Ideogram of the haploid karyotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF92FF8AFD42FB9E3699FBBE" box="[666,930,1086,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFD42FB9E3699FBBE" box="[666,930,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Dorcadion a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Chirceşti (dark chromosomes), ‘Valea lui David’ (grey chromosomes). Arrows show significant differences.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF686616FF92FF8AFF4FFB3A3644FB24" ID-Table-UUID="DF686616FF92FF8AFF4FFB3A3644FB24" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF686616FF92FF8AFF4FFB3A3644FB24" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[151,1436,1258,1859]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF92FF8AFF4FFB3A3644FB24" blockId="10.[151,1436,1178,1231]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFF4FFB3A343FFB45" bold="true" box="[151,260,1178,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Relative chromosome length, centromeric index and 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFCF8FB3B3611FB5A" box="[800,810,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">r</emphasis>
(means 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFCA7FB3B3689FB5A" box="[895,946,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">± SD</emphasis>
) for two populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF92FF8AFB7FFB3A35D6FB24" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFB7FFB3A35D6FB24" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Dorcadion axillare moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (*) indicates statistically significant differences, 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFD3DFB1A37D7FB25" box="[741,748,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">t</emphasis>
-test, p &lt;0.05.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF92FF8AFF47FA9D31DDF8A8" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<table id="F917C43EFF92007FFF4FFB4A30A7F8A9" box="[151,1436,1258,1859]" gridcols="5" gridrows="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<tr id="352734DCFF92007FFF4FFB4A30A7FA91" box="[151,1436,1258,1403]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF4FFB4A3583FA91" box="[151,184,1258,1403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">1 2</th>
<th id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF38FB4A376CFA91" box="[224,599,1258,1403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
‘Valea lui David’ (n=10) Relative length (%) 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFE1CFAB33722FAC3" bold="true" box="[452,537,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">CI ± SD</emphasis>
12.84 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2FA9D3473FAB8" box="[314,328,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.65 - 11.34 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2FAC63473FA91" box="[314,328,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.77 -
</th>
<th id="76F65DA0FF92007FFD5EFB4A3633FA91" box="[646,776,1258,1403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFD5EFAB437F0FAC3" bold="true" box="[646,715,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">r ± SD</emphasis>
- -
</th>
<th id="76F65DA0FF92007FFCE4FB4A319CFA91" box="[828,1191,1258,1403]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
Chirceşti (n=10) Relative length (%) 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFBCEFAB33157FAC3" bold="true" box="[1046,1132,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">CI ± SD</emphasis>
12.92 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AFA9D369BFAB8" box="[914,928,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.82 - 11.70 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AFAC6369BFA91" box="[914,928,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.67 -
</th>
<th id="76F65DA0FF92007FFB06FB4A30A7FA91" box="[1246,1436,1258,1403]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFB06FAB43018FAC3" bold="true" box="[1246,1315,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">r ± SD</emphasis>
- -
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF92007FFF4FFA2F30A7FA24" box="[151,1436,1423,1486]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF4FFA2F3583FA24" box="[151,184,1423,1486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">3* 4*</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF38FA2F376CFA24" box="[224,599,1423,1486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
9.32 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2FA303473FA4F" box="[314,328,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.50 - 10.35 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2FA193473FA24" box="[314,328,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.57 34.93 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFDCFFA19371EFA24" box="[535,549,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
3.34
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFD5EFA2F3633FA24" box="[646,776,1423,1486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
- 1.89 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFD1FFA1937EEFA24" box="[711,725,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.28
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFCE4FA2F319CFA24" box="[828,1191,1423,1486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
10.36 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AFA30369BFA4F" box="[914,928,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.47 - 9.40 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AFA19369BFA24" box="[914,928,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.47 26.58 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFBBEFA19314FFA24" box="[1126,1140,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
1.58
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFB06FA2F30A7FA24" box="[1246,1436,1423,1486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
- 2.66 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFAF2FA193003FA24" box="[1322,1336,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.36
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF92007FFF4FFA4230A7F999" box="[151,1436,1506,1651]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF4FFA423583F999" box="[151,184,1506,1651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">5 6 7 8</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF38FA42376CF999" box="[224,599,1506,1651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
10.54 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2FA433473FA12" box="[314,328,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.74 43.69 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFDCFFA43371EFA12" box="[535,549,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
2.53 8.16 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2F9AC3473F9CB" box="[314,328,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.50 46.21 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFDCFF9AC371EF9CB" box="[535,549,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
2.64 7.57 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2F9953473F9A0" box="[314,328,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.39 - 7.0 4 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2F9FE3473F999" box="[314,328,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.71 29.83 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFDCFF9FE371EF999" box="[535,549,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
4.08
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFD5EFA423633F999" box="[646,776,1506,1651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
1.30 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFD1FFA4337EEFA12" box="[711,725,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.14 1.17 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFD1FF9AC37EEF9CB" box="[711,725,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.13 - 2.42 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFD1FF9FE37EEF999" box="[711,725,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.53
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFCE4FA42319CF999" box="[828,1191,1506,1651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
11.05 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AFA43369BFA12" box="[914,928,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.83 45.86 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFBBEFA43314FFA12" box="[1126,1140,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
1.63 8.21 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AF9AC369BF9CB" box="[914,928,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.30 47.24 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFBBEF9AC314FF9CB" box="[1126,1140,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
1.55 7.30 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AF995369BF9A0" box="[914,928,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.42 - 6.90 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AF9FE369BF999" box="[914,928,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.35 29.99 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFBBEF9FE314FF999" box="[1126,1140,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
3.69
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFB06FA4230A7F999" box="[1246,1436,1506,1651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
1.15 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFAF2FA433003FA12" box="[1322,1336,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.15 1.06 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFAF2F9AC3003F9CB" box="[1322,1336,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.19 - 2.27 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFAF2F9FE3003F999" box="[1322,1336,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.60
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF92007FFF4FF92730A7F92C" box="[151,1436,1671,1734]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF4FF9273583F92C" box="[151,184,1671,1734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">9 10</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF38F927376CF92C" box="[224,599,1671,1734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
6.77 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2F9283473F977" box="[314,328,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.53 - 5.99 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2F9113473F92C" box="[314,328,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.34 -
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFD5EF9273633F92C" box="[646,776,1671,1734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">- -</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFCE4F927319CF92C" box="[828,1191,1671,1734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
6.60 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AF928369BF977" box="[914,928,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.43 - 5.82 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AF911369BF92C" box="[914,928,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.47 -
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFB06F92730A7F92C" box="[1246,1436,1671,1734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">- -</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352734DCFF92007FFF4FF97A30A7F8A9" box="[151,1436,1754,1859]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF4FF97A3583F8A9" box="[151,184,1754,1859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">11 X Y</th>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFF38F97A376CF8A9" box="[224,599,1754,1859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
5.43 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2F97B3473F91A" box="[314,328,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.71 - 4.65 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFEE2F8A43473F8F3" box="[314,328,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.87 - 1.46 (n=2) -
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFD5EF97A3633F8A9" box="[646,776,1754,1859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">- - -</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFCE4F97A319CF8A9" box="[828,1191,1754,1859]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
5.02 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AF97B369BF91A" box="[914,928,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.54 - 4.71 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC4AF8A4369BF8F3" box="[914,928,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">±</emphasis>
0.51 - 2.19 (n=2) -
</td>
<td id="76F65DA0FF92007FFB06F97A30A7F8A9" box="[1246,1436,1754,1859]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">- - -</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF92FF8BFF11F8283026FE83" blockId="10.[151,1436,1927,2026]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,434]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
A karyotype with nine pairs of autosomes plus one pair of heterosomes (9 + Xy p male meiotic chromosome formula) is the most common karyotype in Polyphaga and as a result, this condition has been suggested to be the primitive character state of the suborder (
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF92FF8AFDB0F87237CFF800" author="Virkki" box="[616,756,2002,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" refString="Virkki, N. (1984) Chromosomes in Evolution of Coleoptera. In: Sharma, A. K. &amp; Sharma, A. (Eds), Chromosomes in Evolution of Eukaryotic groups. Vol. II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 41 - 76." type="book chapter" year="1984">Virkki 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF92FF8AFCD8F8723118F800" author="Gomez-Zurita" box="[768,1059,2002,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" refString="Gomez-Zurita, J., Pons, J. &amp; Petitpierre, E. (2004) The evolutionary origin of a novel karyotype in Timarcha (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and general trends of chromosome evolution in the genus. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 42, 332 - 341." type="journal article" year="2004">
Gómez-Zurita 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF92FF8AFC7EF87336E4F800" box="[934,991,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF92FF8AFB8DF87231F9F800" box="[1109,1218,2002,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lamiinae">Lamiinae</taxonomicName>
, as in most 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF92FF8BFA90F87235CAFF45" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="46" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
, 9 + Xy p male meioformula is by far the most common situation (
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF93FF8BFC3BFF3731E1FF45" author="Smith" box="[995,1242,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Smith, S. G. &amp; Virkki, N. (1978) Animal Cytogenetics, Vol. 3, Insecta 5, Coleoptera. Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart, 366 pp." type="book" year="1978">Smith &amp; Virkki 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF93FF8BFB3FFF3735EFFF3D" author="Dutrillaux" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Dutrillaux, A. M., Moulin, S. &amp; Dutrillaux, B. (2007) Presence d'un caryotype tres original a 53 - 54 chromosomes chez Ve s p e - rus xatarti Mulsant, 1839 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Vesperinae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (N. S.), 43 (1), 81 - 86." type="journal article" year="2007">
Dutrillaux 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFABAFF3930A7FF5A" box="[1378,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFF30FF1F34BEFF3D" box="[232,389,191,215]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Monochamini">Monochamini</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFE19FF1F3721FF3D" box="[449,538,191,215]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lamiini">Lamiini</taxonomicName>
are groups closest to 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFCC1FF1F3697FF3D" box="[793,940,191,215]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dorcadionini">Dorcadionini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF93FF8BFC65FF1F31FEFF3D" author="Danilevsky" box="[957,1221,191,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Danilevsky, M. L., Kasatkin, D. G. &amp; Rubenyan, A. A. (2005) Revision of the taxonomic structure of the tribe Dorcadionini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on the base of endophallic morphology. Russian Entomological Journal, 13 (3) [2004], 127 - 149." type="journal article" year="2005">
Danilevsky 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFB90FF6031B9FF3D" box="[1096,1154,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
) and most of their species have a karyotype with nine pairs of autosomes (
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF93FF8BFCD0FF4236B5FF10" author="Smith" box="[776,910,226,250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Smith, S. G. (1953) Chromosome numbers of Coleoptera. Heredity, 7 (1), 31 - 48." type="journal article" year="1953">Smith 1953</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF93FF8BFC42FF4231B5FF10" author="Lanier" box="[922,1166,226,250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Lanier, G. N. &amp; Raske, A. G. (1970) Multiple sex chromosomes and configuration polymorphism in the Monochamus scutellatus - oregonensis complex (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 12 (4), 947 - 951." type="journal article" year="1970">Lanier &amp; Raske 1970</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF93FF8BFB42FF42305EFF10" author="Cesari" box="[1178,1381,226,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Cesari, M., Marescalchi, O., Francardi, V. &amp; Mantovani, B. (2005) Taxonomy and phylogeny of European Monochamus species: first molecular and karyological data. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43 (1), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2005">
Cesari 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFB31FF443019FF11" box="[1257,1314,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
), but in 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFF6BFEA7372CFEF5" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[179,535,263,287]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Monochamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartor">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFF6BFEA734ADFEF5" box="[179,406,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Monochamus sartor</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFD94FEA83647FEF5" authority="Mulsant" authorityName="Mulsant" box="[588,892,263,287]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Morimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funereus">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFD94FEA8362DFEF5" box="[588,790,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Morimus funereus</emphasis>
Mulsant
</taxonomicName>
, 2n = 24 (male meioformula 11 + Xy p) similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFF4FFE8F3435FEAF" box="[151,270,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="axillare">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFF4FFE8F3435FEAF" box="[151,270,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">D. axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF93FF8BFEC5FE8D34DEFEAF" author="Cesari" box="[285,485,301,326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Cesari, M., Marescalchi, O., Francardi, V. &amp; Mantovani, B. (2005) Taxonomy and phylogeny of European Monochamus species: first molecular and karyological data. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43 (1), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2005">
Cesari 
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFEB4FE8F349FFEAF" box="[364,420,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF93FF8BFE28FE8D3600FEAF" author="Dutrillaux" box="[496,827,301,325]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refString="Dutrillaux, A. M. &amp; Dutrillaux, B. (2011) Y-Chromosome disomy and trisomy in scarabaeid and cerambycid Beetles. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 132 (3), 195 - 202." type="journal article" year="2011">Dutrillaux &amp; Dutrillaux 2011</bibRefCitation>
). It seems that a karyotype with 2n = 24 is apomorphic and perhaps a synapomorphy for 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFDD5FEF23749FE83" box="[525,626,338,361]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Morimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFDD5FEF23749FE83" box="[525,626,338,361]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Morimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plus 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFD76FEF1367EFE83" box="[686,837,337,361]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dorcadionini">Dorcadionini</taxonomicName>
, but more data are needed to confirm this.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF93FF8BFF11FED6306CFE5B" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,434]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFF11FED63416FE64" bold="true" box="[201,301,374,398]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFEEDFED7377BFE64" box="[309,576,374,398]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFEEDFED7377BFE64" box="[309,576,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">D. axillare moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F7FF93FF8BFD90FED63790FE67" box="[584,683,374,397]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
inhabits hill slopes with xerophilic vegetation. One specimen was found as pupa under the roots of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFDD0FE3A377BFE5B" box="[520,576,410,433]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFDD0FE3A377BFE5B" box="[520,576,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Stipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and it is very likely that this is one of the food plants of this taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF686616FF93FF8BFF4FF8FB3017F824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213974/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[154,1436,490,1862]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF93FF8BFF4FF8FB3017F824" blockId="11.[151,1436,1883,1999]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFF4FF8FB342DF89B" bold="true" box="[151,278,1883,1906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFE1AF8FC37BDF898" box="[450,646,1884,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="axillare">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFE1AF8FC37BDF898" box="[450,646,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Dorcadion axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (VD) ‘Valea lui David’, (Mz) Mârzeşti, (Ch) Chirceşti, (Mc) Mäcin, (Bb) Babadag, (It) Istria, (Mg) Mangalia, (Hg) Hagieni, (Ot) Oltina, (EB) Esechioi and Bugeac, (VB) Valea Beiului. Black rectangles: 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFF15F83B34B8F845" box="[205,387,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFF15F83B34B8F845" box="[205,387,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">D. a. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, black dots: 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF93FF8BFDDEF83B37B6F845" box="[518,653,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="axillare">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF93FF8BFDDEF83B37B6F845" box="[518,653,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">D. a. axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The distribution in Bulgaria is based on the locality data published by Kantardjieva-Minkova (1934) and Minkova (1961), and on specimens in first author’s collection and public collections.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30D6515FF94FF8CFF11FF3731C2FE89" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA8369EFF94FF8CFF11FF3731C2FE89" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF94FF8CFF11FF373459FF5A" bold="true" box="[201,354,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</emphasis>
The nominal subspecies is distributed all over 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF94FF8CFCA1FF3736E2FF45" box="[889,985,151,175]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
and in S 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF94FF8CFB9FFF373197FF45" box="[1095,1196,151,175]" name="Romania" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Romania</collectingCountry>
(Banat and Dobruja) (
<figureCitation id="132C2A1BFF94FF8CFF47FF1C35DFFF3E" box="[159,228,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1883,1906]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,490,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,486,1862]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of Dorcadion axillare. (VD) ‘ Valea lui David’, (Mz) Mârzeşti, (Ch) Chirceşti, (Mc) Mäcin, (Bb) Babadag, (It) Istria, (Mg) Mangalia, (Hg) Hagieni, (Ot) Oltina, (EB) Esechioi and Bugeac, (VB) Valea Beiului. Black rectangles: D. a. moldavicum, black dots: D. a. axillare. The distribution in Bulgaria is based on the locality data published by Kantardjieva-Minkova (1934) and Minkova (1961), and on specimens in first author’s collection and public collections." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213974/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF94FF8CFE43FF1D3709FF3E" box="[411,562,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenarium">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF94FF8CFE43FF1D3709FF3E" box="[411,562,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">D. arenarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
v. 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF94FF8CFD8DFF1C3790FF3E" box="[597,683,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="axillare">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF94FF8CFD8DFF1C3790FF3E" box="[597,683,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">axillare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cornurile, Prahova Valley (
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF94FF8CFBFCFF1C31DCFF3E" author="Montandon" box="[1060,1255,188,212]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refString="Montandon, A. L. (1908) Notes sur la faune entomologique de la Roumanie - additions au catalogue des coleopteres. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Bucarest - Roumanie, 17 (1 - 2), 67 - 118." type="journal article" year="1908">Montandon 1908</bibRefCitation>
) was connected with a dark form of 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF94FF8CFEA0FF403790FF1D" authority="Kuster" authorityName="Kuster" box="[376,683,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF94FF8CFEA0FF403763FF12" box="[376,600,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Dorcadion pusillum</emphasis>
Küster
</taxonomicName>
(1Ƥ, 
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF94FF8CFD34FF7F3659FF1D" box="[748,866,223,247]" name="Romania" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Roumanie</collectingCountry>
, Cornurile Prahova, A. L. Montandon, in MHNB). The specimens from Babadag (Dobruja), listed above under examined material, were wrongly mentioned as 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF94FF8CFA59FEA53711FED5" authority="Panin &amp; Savulescu 1961" authorityName="Panin &amp; Savulescu" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF94FF8CFA59FEA535CCFEAA" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">D. pusillum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B6FFF94FF8CFEDEFE87371AFED5" author="Panin" box="[262,545,295,319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refString="Panin, S. &amp; Savulescu, N. (1961) Insecta. Coleoptera, Familia Cerambycidae (Croitori), Fauna R. P. R. Vol. X (5). Ed. Academiei R. P. R., Bucuresti, 523 pp." type="book" year="1961">
<collectingCountry id="F300760EFF94FF8CFEDEFE87347CFED5" box="[262,327,295,319]" name="Benin" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Panin</collectingCountry>
&amp; Sävulescu 1961
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C174D1DFF94FF8CFDEDFE893605FEAA" box="[565,830,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Dorcadion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B963EA8CFF94FF8CFDEDFE893605FEAA" box="[565,830,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">D. axillare moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057F7FF94FF8CFC9EFE883693FED5" box="[838,936,296,319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is known so far from three populations, two near Iaşi city (‘Valea lui David’ and Mârzeşti) and one in the north part of Vaslui county (Chirceşti).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>