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<document id="CA4F0A09A47BACEDC25D31EAC7C4A81A" ID-DOI="10.1590/1678-4766e2023003" ID-ISSN="1678-4766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10525769" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1705543478212" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vivallo, Felipe" docDate="2023" docId="03BE5873FFEA40255A3AFBCC4A8DF835" docLanguage="en" docName="Iheringia.113.e2023003.pdf" docOrigin="Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2023003) 113" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/7ff3189b-0554-37b7-b860-b762523658a6/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CAF80231855201F2281AC57FC1B00651.1:IheringiaSerZool.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="CAF80231855201F2281AC57FC1B00651" docStyleName="IheringiaSerZool.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Centris orellanai Ruiz 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FF87200BFFEE40215B09FFB94E3CFFB9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the primary types of some species of Centris bees described by some entomologists from the Americas (Hymenoptera: Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1705543904196" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9E430BFD7DB5878ACF34434120BEDF45">Taxonomic notes on the primary types of some species of Centris bees described by some entomologists from the Americas (Hymenoptera: Apidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="887D7633B045F2A5ADD760ABE3CF1423">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8070275DD270F8B0DD091DD144B24DA">113</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BE5873FFEA40255A3AFBCC4A8DF835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10525789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10525789" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE5873FFEA40255A3AFBCC4A8DF835" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5873FFEA40255A3AFBCC4A8DF835" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C30DBAEEFFEA40255A3AFBCC4C57FB35" box="[307,619,1140,1165]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA8E965FFEA40255A3AFBCC4C57FB35" blockId="4.[307,619,1140,1165]" box="[307,619,1140,1165]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0E05E09FFEA40255A3AFBCC4C57FB35" box="[307,619,1140,1165]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA40255A3AFBCC4C57FB35" ID-CoL="S9BT" authority="Ruiz, 1940" authorityName="Ruiz" authorityYear="1940" box="[307,619,1140,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orellanai">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255A3AFBCC4C57FB35" bold="true" box="[307,619,1140,1165]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255A3AFBCC4FD0FB35" bold="true" box="[307,492,1140,1165]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Centris orellanai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF869494FFEA40255AFAFBCD4C57FB35" author="RUIZ, F." box="[499,619,1140,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="282 - 377" refId="ref19469" refString="RUIZ, F. 1940. Apidologia Chilena. I Parte. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 44: 282 - 377." type="journal article" year="1940">Ruiz, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DBAEEFFEA40255B9EFB1B4C7CFB0D" box="[151,576,1185,1205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA8E965FFEA40255B9EFB1B4C7CFB0D" blockId="4.[151,576,1185,1205]" box="[151,576,1185,1205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB07CE4BFFEA40255B9EFB1B4C7CFB0D" box="[151,576,1185,1205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB6CF74FFEA40255B9EFB1B4C00FB0D" author="RUIZ, F." box="[151,572,1185,1205]" page="335" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1940">
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA40255B9EFB1B4C00FB0D" ID-CoL="S9BT" authority="RUIZ, 1940: 335" authorityName="Ruiz" authorityPageNumber="335" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,572,1185,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nigerrima" variety="orellanai">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255B9EFB1B4F0CFB0D" box="[151,304,1186,1205]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Centris nigerrima</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255A52FB184F94FB0D" box="[347,424,1185,1204]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">orellanai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF869494FFEA40255AA4FB1B4C00FB0D" author="RUIZ, F." box="[429,572,1185,1205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="282 - 377" refId="ref19469" refString="RUIZ, F. 1940. Apidologia Chilena. I Parte. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 44: 282 - 377." type="journal article" year="1940">RUIZ, 1940: 335</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30DBAEEFFEA40255B9EFB684A8DF835" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA8E965FFEA40255B9EFB684CDBF8B4" blockId="4.[149,776,1233,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255B9EFB684F2DFB50" bold="true" box="[151,273,1233,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type data.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255A45FB684F94FB50" box="[332,424,1233,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female of this supposed
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA402559B7FB684EFEFAB1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="variety" variety="was">variety was</taxonomicName>
originally housed at
<collectionCode id="ED0671A0FFEA40255AB5FB484C3DFAB0" box="[444,513,1265,1289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CSPN</collectionCode>
and according to José Salamanca, current curator of the museum most likely it was destroyed, as well as much of Ruiz’s collection. Based on that information,
<bibRefCitation id="EF869494FFEA40255A15FAEB4F81FAD3" author="VIVALLO, F." box="[284,445,1362,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="501 - 537" refId="ref19864" refString="VIVALLO, F. 2013. Revision of the bee subgenus Centris (Wagenknechtia) Moure, 1950 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini). Zootaxa 3683: 501 - 537." type="journal article" year="2013">VIVALLO (2013)</bibRefCitation>
designated a
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA4025594CFAEB4CA6FAD3" box="[581,666,1362,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, providing a redescription based on it. In 2017, during a visit to the bee collection of the
<collectionCode id="ED0671A0FFEA40255A4CFA2B4FAAFA13" box="[325,406,1426,1450]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">AMNH</collectionCode>
I found a female, mixed with other specimens that match exactly with the information provided by Ruiz in the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA40255AC3FA6A4C75FA53" authorityName="Ruiz" authorityYear="1940" box="[458,585,1490,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orellanai">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255AC3FA6A4FE0FA53" box="[458,476,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255AE0FA6B4C75FA53" box="[489,585,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">orellanai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I am interpreting that female as the true type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA40255947FA4A4ECBF992" authorityName="Ruiz" authorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nigerrima" variety="orellanai">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255947FA4A4C5CF9B3" box="[590,608,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255967FA4A4CE4F9B3" box="[622,728,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">nigerrima</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255B9EF9AA4ECBF992" box="[151,247,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">orellanai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being here recognized as such. The specimen is in good condition and it has the following data label: [white label with blue rimmed margin] Coll ORELLANA [printed in blue] Pelambres. 16 [handwritten].93. [printed in blue] I 5 [handwritten]
<collectingCountry id="F300A9F5FFEA40255A4BF92D4FACF915" box="[322,400,1684,1708]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">CHILE</collectingCountry>
[printed in blue]\
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA4025595BF92D4F31F975" authority="Ruiz, 1941" authorityName="Ruiz" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orellanai">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA4025595BF92D4D3BF915" box="[594,775,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Centris orellanai</emphasis>
Ruiz, 1941
</taxonomicName>
[printed]\ [yellow label]
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255916F90D4CA7F975" box="[543,667,1716,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">PARATIPO</typeStatus>
[printed]\ [light blue label]
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255A48F96D4FF4F955" box="[321,456,1748,1772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA40255AC5F96C4F45F8B5" authority="Ruiz, 1940 F. Vivallo" authorityName="Ruiz" authorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nigerrima" variety="orellanai">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255AC5F96C4CBCF955" box="[460,640,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Centris nigerrima</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA402559A2F96D4D3BF955" box="[683,775,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">orellanai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF869494FFEA40255B9EF94D4F37F8B4" author="RUIZ, F." box="[151,267,1780,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="282 - 377" refId="ref19469" refString="RUIZ, F. 1940. Apidologia Chilena. I Parte. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 44: 282 - 377." type="journal article" year="1940">Ruiz, 1940</bibRefCitation>
F. Vivallo
</taxonomicName>
lab, 2017 [handwritten] (
<collectionCode id="ED0671A0FFEA4025598CF94C4CE0F8B4" box="[645,732,1781,1805]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">AMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8E965FFEA40255BEAF8AC4A31FD8F" blockId="4.[149,776,1233,1933]" lastBlockId="4.[813,1437,189,598]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="3B7FE338FFEA40255BEAF8AC4A36FD8F" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Ruiz mentioned
<specimenCount id="9D1122ECFFEA40255A91F8AC4C15F894" box="[408,553,1813,1837]" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D1122ECFFEA40255968F8AC4CF8F894" box="[609,708,1813,1837]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
but it is not clear if the specimen he chose as
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255958F88C4C92F8F4" box="[593,686,1845,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
had the same information label of the other
<specimenCount id="9D1122ECFFEA40255903F8EF4CB1F8D4" box="[522,653,1877,1901]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
. If the
<specimenCount id="9D1122ECFFEA402559D8F8EC4ED4F834" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
shared the same information, then the specimen housed at
<collectionCode id="ED0671A0FFEA4025589FFF074DDBFF6F" box="[918,999,190,214]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">AMNH</collectionCode>
could be interpreted as a
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255FFCFF074B74FF6F" box="[1269,1352,190,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
and not as the
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255879FF644DF1FF4C" box="[880,973,221,245]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of the species. Considering this, along with the unknown whereabouts of the other
<specimenCount id="9D1122ECFFEA40255FC5FF474B6DFEAC" box="[1228,1361,253,277]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
, seems correct, at least until one of the other two missing females is found, to recognize that female as
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255FDCFE874B08FEEF" box="[1237,1332,318,342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
avoiding the designation of a
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255F0CFEE74A56FECF" box="[1029,1130,350,374]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. Independently of the option chosen, that female belongs to the type series of the species. It is not clear how and when that female was sent to the
<collectionCode id="ED0671A0FFEA40255824FE074DBFFE6F" box="[813,899,446,470]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">AMNH</collectionCode>
. A possibility could be when Haroldo Toro sent a large number of specimens to the
<collectionCode id="ED0671A0FFEA40255FB5FE674B2CFE4F" box="[1212,1296,478,502]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">AMNH</collectionCode>
, because the female bears a yellow label of
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255F76FE464AE7FDAE" box="[1151,1243,511,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
that Toro used to put in his specimens
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8E965FFEA40255824FD874BB5FDEF" blockId="4.[813,1437,189,598]" box="[813,1417,574,598]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="3B7FE338FFEA40255824FD874BBAFDEF" box="[813,1414,574,598]" country="Chile" location="Los Pelambres" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coquimbo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255824FD874DF8FDEF" bold="true" box="[813,964,574,598]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="54AC57C7FFEA40255824FD874D59FDEF" box="[813,869,574,598]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F300A9F5FFEA402558C3FD874A34FDEF" box="[970,1032,574,598]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D32787FFEA40255F1BFD874AE6FDEF" box="[1042,1242,574,598]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Coquimbo Region</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EC8BFBEFFEA40255FEDFD864BBAFDEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE5873FFEA40255A3AFBCC4A8DF835:8EC8BFBEFFEA40255FEDFD864BBAFDEF" box="[1252,1414,574,598]" country="Chile" name="Los Pelambres" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Coquimbo">Los Pelambres</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8E965FFEA40255871FDC84A61FB13" blockId="4.[811,1439,625,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255871FDC84A2EFD30" bold="true" box="[888,1042,625,649]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haroldo Toro.</emphasis>
Haroldo Enrique Toro Gutiérrez was a Chilean entomologist (1934–2002). From his youth, he was interested in teaching, maybe influenced by his mother, a teacher of a school in Chillán, southern
<collectingCountry id="F300A9F5FFEA40255FBEFD684AD2FD50" box="[1207,1262,721,745]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF869494FFEA40255FF2FD6B4BA8FD53" author="CHIAPPA, E." box="[1275,1428,722,746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="117 - 124" refId="ref17981" refString="CHIAPPA, E. 2003. Obituario Haroldo toro G. (1934 - 2002). Revista Chilena de Entomologia 29: 117 - 124." type="journal article" year="2003">CHIAPPA, 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Toro was a brilliant student of biology and chemical and due his talent and capacities he was incorporated as Professor at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de
<collectingRegion id="49D32787FFEA40255FECFC8B4B64FCF3" box="[1253,1368,818,842]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F300A9F5FFEA40255E6BFC8B4BA0FCF3" box="[1378,1436,818,842]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0671A0FFEA4025583DFCEB4DBDFCD3" box="[820,897,850,874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PUCV</collectionCode>
). In that institution Toro created the Laboratory of Zoology and teach classes of Zoology and Entomology. In this later area, he made his most important contributions, mainly focused on taxonomy, systematics and bionomy of Chilean bees. He described 144 species, in
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA40255F97FC6B4B21FC53" box="[1182,1309,978,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Andrenidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA40255E21FC6B4BA4FC53" box="[1320,1432,978,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Colletidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA40255824FC4B4DA6FBB3" box="[813,922,1010,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Halictidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA402558ABFC4B4A0CFBB3" box="[930,1072,1010,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megachilidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1792E6FFEA40255F54FC4B4A90FBB3" box="[1117,1196,1010,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Apidae</taxonomicName>
. Toro is still recognized internationally as the most important Chilean melittologist and I am sure that all his students were proud to have had the opportunity to meet him during their professional training and to have attended one of his classes. Haroldo Toro passed away in
<collectingRegion id="49D32787FFEA4025588CFB2B4DC4FB13" box="[901,1016,1170,1194]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
, aged 67.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8E965FFEA40255871FB0B4A12F992" blockId="4.[811,1439,625,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255871FB0B4A68FB73" bold="true" box="[888,1108,1202,1226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Elizabeth Chiappa.</emphasis>
Originally linked to pedagogy in Biology, Elizabeth Chiappa Tapia (1941‒ 2022), was an academic of the Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas of the Universidad de Playa Ancha (
<collectionCode id="ED0671A0FFEA40255F8DFAAA4AF3FA92" box="[1156,1231,1299,1323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">UPLA</collectionCode>
),
<collectingRegion id="49D32787FFEA40255FD6FAAA4B6EFA92" box="[1247,1362,1299,1323]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
,
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. From there, she developed an extensive research career related to the reproductive behavior of bees and wasps from
<collectingCountry id="F300A9F5FFEA40255E53FAEA4BABFAD2" box="[1370,1431,1363,1387]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
. She was formed by Haroldo Toro who introduced her to the world of insects. In a short time, she moved away from taxonomy and concentrated her studies on ethology, the area where she focused most of her research. Elizabeth Chiappa passed away during the development of this article in Viña del Mar,
<collectingCountry id="F300A9F5FFEA40255884F9AA4DF5F992" box="[909,969,1555,1579]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
, aged 81.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8E965FFEA40255871F98D4A8DF835" blockId="4.[811,1439,625,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255871F98D4AECF9F5" bold="true" box="[888,1232,1587,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Toro &amp; Chiappa’s
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<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255F4DF98A4AAFF9F2" bold="true" box="[1092,1171,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Centris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bees.
</emphasis>
During the decades of 1960 and 1980 Toro and his colleagues at the Department of Zoology of the
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made several collecting trips to northern
<collectingCountry id="F300A9F5FFEA4025589CF92D4DEFF915" box="[917,979,1684,1708]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chile</collectingCountry>
, mainly to the
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those trips were collected biological samples of diverse groups of organisms which were used in the disciplines of Zoology for graduate and undergraduate students. During those trips to La Tirana and Pica in the
<collectingRegion id="49D32787FFEA40255F18F8AD4AFEF895" box="[1041,1218,1812,1836]" country="Chile" name="Tarapaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tarapacá Region</collectingRegion>
there were collected the specimens used by Toro and Chiappa to describe a new species and subspecies of
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<emphasis id="B9633577FFEA40255F44F8ED4AA0F8D2" box="[1101,1180,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Centris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
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of both taxa are currently housed at
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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