214 lines
25 KiB
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214 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DA9E7736A91E68A07C06582E63AA06F0">Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="805E731A6AE127E2B1EB992430F12A4A">Leviton, Alan E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA513733E59A0EB15D255262E3B5BB6F">Herpetology Division, Institute of Biodiversity Science & Sustainibility, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118 & Research Associate, Division of Amphibians & Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F8432A6626C56F7CAF0102BABD158F4C" type="email">aleviton@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="037044C0D411B7301CCF6C731A073F17">Siler, Cameron D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B188051E5ECE486F08807F738395A09">Department of Biology and Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave., Norman, OK 73072 - 7029, USA & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="78EB0D46A044EFB88F7F5038A8729D4B" type="email">camsiler@ou.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9102611BAD5CAABA9D6B41BA78641F7A">Weinell, Jeffrey L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB63B723BDE70F4A9C173ACBB0C00029">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="CAA2FBC7D12077560CA8C930A4AD7513">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="0424C4C1C83978AEC2D99A7209E85EED">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B38B5C845EFFEDFFDCFF72FEB4FC3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12724609" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235037798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12724609" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38B5C845EFFEDFFDCFF72FEB4FC3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B38B5C845EFFEDFFDCFF72FEB4FC3E" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9845EFFEDFFDCFF72FE3BFF4C" ID-CoL="49632" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[123,504,222,246]" class="Repitilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modestus">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658845EFFEDFFDCFF72FE8DFF4C" bold="true" box="[123,334,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Oligodon modestus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB845EFFEDFEF1FF72FE3BFF4C" author="GUNTHER, ALBERT" box="[342,504,222,246]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" refId="ref64907" refString="GUNTHER, ALBERT C. L. G. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. Robert Hardwick (for the Ray Society), London, England, UK. xxvii + 452, 26 pls." type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A845EFFEDFFDCFEADFCEAFEA3" blockId="43.[123,809,222,281]" box="[123,809,257,281]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Spotted-bellied Short-headed Snake; West Visayan Kukri Snake</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B845EFFEDFF7CFE80FD91FEF8" author="GUNTHER, ALBERT" box="[219,594,300,322]" page="210" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" year="1864">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9845EFFEDFF7CFE80FD91FEF8" ID-CoL="49632" authority="Gunther, 1864: 210" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="1864" box="[219,594,300,322]" class="Repitilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modestus">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658845EFFEDFF7CFE80FE56FEFB" box="[219,405,300,321]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Oligodon modestus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB845EFFEDFE3BFE80FD91FEF8" author="GUNTHER, ALBERT" box="[412,594,300,322]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" refId="ref64907" refString="GUNTHER, ALBERT C. L. G. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. Robert Hardwick (for the Ray Society), London, England, UK. xxvii + 452, 26 pls." type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864:210</bibRefCitation>
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.— Wallach, Williams, and Boundy, 2014:490.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B845EFFEDFF7CFEE5FD98FEE4" author="TAYLOR, EDWARD" box="[219,603,329,351]" page="147" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" year="1922">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9845EFFEDFF7CFEE5FD98FEE4" authority=", Taylor, 1922 a: 147" authorityName=", Taylor" authorityPageNumber="147" authorityYear="1922" box="[219,603,329,351]" class="Repitilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modestum">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658845EFFEDFF7CFEE5FE5EFEE4" box="[219,413,329,350]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Oligodon modestum</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB845EFFEDFE0DFEE5FD98FEE4" author="TAYLOR, EDWARD" box="[426,603,329,351]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" refId="ref75830" refString="TAYLOR, EDWARD H. 1922 a. The Snakes of the Philippine Islands. Bureau of Science, Manila, Philippines. 312 pp., 32 text-figs., 63 tables, 37 pls." type="book" year="1922">Taylor, 1922a:147</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 13,
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<figureCitation id="132126CF845EFFEDFD0DFEE5FD3DFEE5" box="[682,766,329,351]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStart-2="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="150.[687,699,1478,1497]" captionStartId-1="150.[687,699,1530,1549]" captionStartId-2="150.[687,699,1581,1600]" captionTargetBox-0="[119,1177,293,1728]" captionTargetBox-1="[119,1177,293,1728]" captionTargetPageId-0="150" captionTargetPageId-1="150" captionTargetPageId-2="150" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Malayotyphlops ruficaudus (Camarines Sur Prov., Luzon Id.) (TNHC 62474). Photo © RMB." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Malayotyphlops cf. ruficaudus (Cagayan Prov., Calayan Id.) (KU 323931). Photo © RMB." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Malayotyphlops sp. (Laguna Land Grant, Lu- zon Id.) (KU uncat.; field no. RMB 20573). Photo © RMB." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512593" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512593" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11512593/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11512593/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">figs. 3–5</figureCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B845EFFEDFC84FEE5FC1CFEE5" author="LEVITON, ALAN" box="[803,991,329,351]" page="473" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB845EFFEDFC84FEE5FC1CFEE5" author="LEVITON, ALAN" box="[803,991,329,351]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" pagination="459 - 484" refId="ref67093" refString="LEVITON, ALAN E. 1963 a [1962]. Contribution to a review of Philippine snakes, I. The snakes of the genus Oligodon. Philippine Journal of Science 91 (4): 459 - 484, 1 fig." type="book chapter" year="1963">Leviton, 1963a:473</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B845EFFEDFBA3FEE6FDF2FEC1" author="FERNER, JOHN & M. BROWN & ROGELIO & V. SISON & AND ROBERT & S. KENNEDY" page="53" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB845EFFEDFBA3FEE6FDF2FEC1" author="FERNER, JOHN & M. BROWN & ROGELIO & V. SISON & AND ROBERT & S. KENNEDY" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" pagination="34 - 70" refId="ref62858" refString="FERNER, JOHN W., RAFE M. BROWN, ROGELIO V. SISON, AND ROBERT S. KENNEDY. 2001. The amphibians and reptiles of Panay Island, Philippines. Asiatic Herpetological Research 9: 34 - 70." type="journal article" year="2001">Ferner, Brown, Sison, and Kennedy, 2001:53</bibRefCitation>
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[20].—
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B845EFFEDFDDBFECAFCE1FEC1" author="GAULKE, MAREN" box="[636,802,358,380]" page="28" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB845EFFEDFDDBFECAFCE1FEC1" author="GAULKE, MAREN" box="[636,802,358,380]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" pagination="23 - 34" refId="ref63621" refString="GAULKE, MAREN. 2001. Die Herpetofauna von Sibaliw (Panay), einem der letzten Tieflandregenwaldgebiete der West-Visayas, Philippinen - Teil II: Schlangen. Herpetofauna (Weinstadt) 23 (131): 23 - 34." type="journal article" year="2001">Gaulke, 2001:28</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132126CF845EFFEDFC97FECAFC48FEC6" box="[816,907,358,380]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="150.[687,699,1581,1600]" captionStartId-1="150.[687,699,1632,1651]" captionTargetBox-1="[119,1177,293,1728]" captionTargetPageId-0="150" captionTargetPageId-1="150" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Malayotyphlops sp. (Laguna Land Grant, Lu- zon Id.) (KU uncat.; field no. RMB 20573). Photo © RMB." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Ramphotyphlops cumingii (Augsan del Norte Prov., Mindanao Id.) (KU 334468). Photo © RMB." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512593" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11512593/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
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; 2011:296–297, figs. 199– 201.—
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.
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(
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)
|
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</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B723017845EFFEDFDE0FE00FBCFFE5E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4905143389" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Negros Id." country="Philippines" location="Negros Oriental Prov" municipality="Negros Oriental Prov" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1.5.54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Negros Id." typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA845EFFEDFDE0FE00FD00FE7E" box="[583,707,428,452]" name="Philippines" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
; restricted to
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC1A030845EFFEDFCF5FE00FBF8FE79" box="[850,1083,428,452]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Negros Oriental Prov</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8845EFFEDFBEFFE00FF39FE5E" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Negros Id.</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Philippine Ids., by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB845EFFEDFE75FE60FD71FE5E" author="LEVITON, ALAN" box="[466,690,460,484]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" pagination="459 - 484" refId="ref67093" refString="LEVITON, ALAN E. 1963 a [1962]. Contribution to a review of Philippine snakes, I. The snakes of the genus Oligodon. Philippine Journal of Science 91 (4): 459 - 484, 1 fig." type="book chapter" year="1963">Leviton (1963a:474)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A184E8845EFFEDFD1BFE60FCE0FE5E" box="[700,803,460,484]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBC9231845EFFEDFC89FE60FBCBFE5E" box="[814,1032,460,484]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">BMNH 1946.1.5.54</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30069C1845EFFEDFFDCFE40FDECFDFE" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A845EFFEDFFDCFE40FDECFDFE" blockId="43.[123,1174,427,901]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EE658845EFFEDFFDCFE40FDD7FDBE" bold="true" box="[123,532,492,516]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">
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||
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||
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|
||
(
|
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|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132126CF845EFFEDFD8FFE40FD4CFDBE" box="[552,655,492,516]" captionStart="A B C D" captionStartId="138.[179,206,234,267]" captionText="A B C D MAPS 28A–D. Geographic range maps for Philippine records of (A) Oligodon modestus; (B) Oligodon notospilus; (C) Oligodon perkinsi; (D) Ophiophagus hannah." pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Map 28A</figureCitation>
|
||
[p. 139]).— Luzon (Prov.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8845EFFEDFC66FE40FBD2FDBE" box="[961,1041,492,516]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Manila</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Mindanao (Prov.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8845EFFEDFE89FDA0FE20FD9E" box="[302,483,524,548]" country="Philippines" name="Surigao del Sur" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Surigao del Sur</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Negros (Prov.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8845EFFEDFD0FFDA1FBFEFD9E" box="[680,1085,524,549]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Panay (Prov.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A8845EFFEDFE8FFD80FE13FDFE" box="[296,464,556,580]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Aklan, Antique</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Tablas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30069C1845EFFEDFFDCFDE0FD91FC9F" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A845EFFEDFFDCFDE0FD91FC9F" blockId="43.[123,1174,427,901]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">
|
||
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|
||
<emphasis id="B96EE658845EFFEDFFDCFDE0FF25FDD9" bold="true" box="[123,230,588,612]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
.— We believe that the Luzon and Mindanao records are in error and that the specimens supposedly collected at these locations were not carefully examined or there was a mixup of locality data accompanying the specimens (see comment by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB845EFFEDFC27FD20FB95FD1E" author="LEVITON, ALAN" box="[896,1110,652,676]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" pagination="459 - 484" refId="ref67093" refString="LEVITON, ALAN E. 1963 a [1962]. Contribution to a review of Philippine snakes, I. The snakes of the genus Oligodon. Philippine Journal of Science 91 (4): 459 - 484, 1 fig." type="book chapter" year="1963">Leviton [1963a:474</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, footnote]). Inasmuch as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A184E8845EFFEDFE7EFD01FDC4FD7F" box="[473,519,685,709]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen came from Negros Island, it is highly probable that this species is restricted to the West Visayan Island PAIC group, which includes Negros, Panay and Tablas islands, from which specimens have been collected and examined by one or more of the current authors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30069C1845EFFEDFFDCFC80FEB4FC3E" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A845EFFEDFFDCFC80FEB4FC3E" blockId="43.[123,1174,427,901]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EE658845EFFEDFFDCFC80FE17FCFE" bold="true" box="[123,468,812,836]" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">
|
||
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|
||
[IUCN]
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.— The conservation status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9845EFFEDFC8CFC81FC3EFCFF" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[811,1021,813,837]" class="Repitilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oligodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="43" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EE658845EFFEDFC8CFC81FC3EFCFF" box="[811,1021,813,837]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Oligodon modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List [2016] ver. 3.1, but IUCN notes that it is listed in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EE658845EFFEDFBC1FCE1FEB3FC3F" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="442">Catalogue of Life</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |