276 lines
32 KiB
XML
276 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="F562FD586D7B729924580954CBFF3BFF" ID-CLB-Dataset="46708" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.205618" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a901169-abd2-4c2b-9910-4a7c91e3eaf4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="205618" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460366460032" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Takasuka, Keizo, Yoshida, Hajime, Nugroho, Putra & Matsumoto, Rikio" docDate="2011" docId="03A32767820FFF8EFF2E1C9B7033F95D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02910p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2910" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parasteatoda merapiensis Yoshida & Takasuka, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FF9A5F1F820DFF8AFFB91F187453FFAA" masterDocTitle="A new record of Zatypota albicoxa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Indonesia, with description of a new species of its host spider (Araneae: Theridiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698295250846" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A4FAF796B3F021E1DD8325A2EF85DAAC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="073B7B7ECE6B25DE6CBFDAA227B142C0">
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<mods:title id="DB1BFC23B6DADA55E41A0E0F7701674A">A new record of Zatypota albicoxa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Indonesia, with description of a new species of its host spider (Araneae: Theridiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="29A376903B89515BD6C2F69AA3A3FC45" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A87C536D8641AE8F8617692884D4D3EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4E2C2B34BADE7F863430E43AE30DF60A">Takasuka, Keizo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="63D6413C6C6BA1DE2CDDDAD597B86592">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E1A9D8B676549E652CBAD319EC0B44E2">Yoshida, Hajime</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F9AD8A0716DF4B098AEDF0A23EC88F09">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FB22DE04E0354891BA7AFC1D49F37B7D">Nugroho, Putra</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B5B162D2EB945A556F0CCBA381A96816" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CCA54A188E9B982BDA24373985E0ABF2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8D073829CE846E90403C9429FBD8A26C">Matsumoto, Rikio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="391BD5A87FB8CE2357BABDD52E6F0859">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="F3DDD2AE89882BAF6A9D77F5B1315CB9" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D3F9813C3A935BD9E25C465F15D75600">
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<mods:title id="3A3C8C6B947CF3B61A0FDF425EB4D32C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="04F11CC850659B8F30D10CFF534782E5">
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<mods:date id="B5FC93BD16AEAEFE35C0B4842DECEBD2">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C2D3B012879807C6FC67A16B3108E7BB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4EB55DE4FDB85B05457FED4471309127">2910</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0D11740D265E8D0FAED0978EC46CCBB4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="66120DF78691956B46F52EBA7D677BD7" type="CLB-Dataset">46708</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1F0FF20A256684B31E9143C0B2D39B6E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.205618</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D134F257B04536D7A3353FBB99CF091A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A32767820FFF8EFF2E1C9B7033F95D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5682248" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119410883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5682248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A32767820FFF8EFF2E1C9B7033F95D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A32767820FFF8EFF2E1C9B7033F95D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C310C5FA820FFF88FF2E1C9B7717FC37" box="[151,836,899,925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB59671820FFF88FF2E1C9B7717FC37" blockId="2.[151,836,899,925]" box="[151,836,899,925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="D0FD211D820FFF88FF2E1C9B7717FC37" bold="true" box="[151,836,899,925]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FF2E1C9B7717FC37" bold="true" box="[151,836,899,925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF2820FFF88FF2E1C9B7689FC37" ID-CoL="4DD29" authority="Yoshida & Takasuka" authorityName="Yoshida & Takasuka" box="[151,730,899,925]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merapiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FF2E1C9B759EFC37" bold="true" box="[151,461,899,925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Parasteatoda merapiensis</emphasis>
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Yoshida & Takasuka
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DF718820FFF88FD5F1C9B7717FC37" box="[742,836,899,925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C310C5FA820FFF88FF2E1CDC75E0FB3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB59671820FFF88FF2E1CDC75E0FB3A" blockId="2.[151,1437,964,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FF2E1CDC7542FC77" bold="true" box="[151,273,964,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF2820FFF88FD821CDD7789FC76" authority="Levi et al. 1982" authorityName="Levi et al." authorityYear="1982" box="[571,986,964,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wau">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FD821CDD775AFC77" box="[571,777,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Parasteatoda wau</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9BEB80820FFF88FCA11CDC7781FC76" author="Levi" box="[792,978,964,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" refString="Levi, H. W., Lubin, Y. D. & Robinson, M. H. (1982) Two new Achaearanea species from Papua New Guinea with notes on other theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacific Insects, 24, 105 - 113." type="journal article" year="1982">
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Levi
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FCEC1CDE77DCFC77" box="[853,911,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
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1982
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF2820FFF88FC5E1CDE7149FC76" authority="Levi et al. 1982" authorityName="Levi et al." authorityYear="1982" box="[999,1306,964,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaindi">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FC5E1CDE77A6FC77" box="[999,1013,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FBBD1CDD7019FC77" box="[1028,1098,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">kaindi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9BEB80820FFF88FBE31CDC7142FC76" author="Levi" box="[1114,1297,964,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" refString="Levi, H. W., Lubin, Y. D. & Robinson, M. H. (1982) Two new Achaearanea species from Papua New Guinea with notes on other theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacific Insects, 24, 105 - 113." type="journal article" year="1982">
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Levi
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FB2E1CDE7083FC77" box="[1175,1232,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
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1982
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF2820FFF88FAEB1CDE7596FBAA" authority="Chrysanthus 1975" authorityName="Chrysanthus" authorityYear="1975" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FAEB1CDE7133FC77" box="[1362,1376,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FAD61CDE7489FBAB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">vervoorti</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BEB80820FFF88FF531CF075EEFBAA" author="Chrysanthus" box="[234,445,1000,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" refString="Chrysanthus, F. (1975) Further notes on the spiders of New Guinea II (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 140, 3 - 50." type="journal article" year="1975">Chrysanthus 1975</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, described from New
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<collectingCountry id="F31DD6E1820FFF88FD7F1CF07749FBAA" box="[710,794,1000,1024]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, in general appearance and genital organs, but is distinguished from them by thick ducts and membranous seminal receptacles of female internal genitalia and coloration of the carapace and abdomen. It is also distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF2820FFF88FC8E1B2A77D0FBE3" box="[823,899,1073,1097]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wau">
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||
<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FC8E1B2A7716FBE3" box="[823,837,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FCED1B2A77D0FBE3" box="[852,899,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">wau</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of the anterior edge of the epyginal depression, from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF2820FFF88FE251B4E75ACFBC7" box="[412,511,1109,1133]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaindi">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FE251B4E75F9FBC7" box="[412,426,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">P</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FE001B4D75ACFBC7" box="[441,511,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">kaindi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the annulated color pattern of the legs, and from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF2820FFF88FBEE1B4E7088FBC7" box="[1111,1243,1109,1133]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FBEE1B4E7036FBC7" box="[1111,1125,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FBCD1B4E7088FBC7" box="[1140,1243,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">vervoorti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the short distance between the PMEs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C310C5FA820FFF8EFF7C1B857621FB55" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB59671820FFF88FF7C1B85701DFAC2" blockId="2.[151,1437,964,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FF7C1B857570FB1F" bold="true" box="[197,291,1181,1205]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Female.</emphasis>
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Carapace oval with large round cervical groove (
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<figureCitation id="13318AF4820FFF88FCF11B8477DFFB1E" box="[840,908,1180,1204]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,248,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. Parasteatoda merapiensis sp. nov., female holotype (3 – 8) and male allotype (9 – 10) – 3, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 4 – 5, abdomen, ventral (4) and lateral (5) views; 6, epigynum, ventral view; 7 – 8, internal genitalia, dorsal (7) and ventral (8) views; 9 – 10, palpus, ventral (9) and retrolateral (10) views. Scales: 0.5 mm (3 – 5) and 0.1 mm (6 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). AMEs and PMEs separated by distance equal to their diameter. Diameters in ratio, AME: ALE: PME: PLE = 11: 7: 11: 13. MOA wider than long. Chelicera with basal large tooth and distal small one on anterior margin of fang furrow. Leg formula, 1, 4, 2, 3. First patella and tibia 1.3 times carapace length. Abdomen higher than long, longer than wide (
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<figureCitation id="13318AF4820FFF88FC461A107036FA8A" box="[1023,1125,1288,1312]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,248,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. Parasteatoda merapiensis sp. nov., female holotype (3 – 8) and male allotype (9 – 10) – 3, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 4 – 5, abdomen, ventral (4) and lateral (5) views; 6, epigynum, ventral view; 7 – 8, internal genitalia, dorsal (7) and ventral (8) views; 9 – 10, palpus, ventral (9) and retrolateral (10) views. Scales: 0.5 mm (3 – 5) and 0.1 mm (6 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
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). Genital organ as shown in
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<figureCitation id="13318AF4820FFF88FF2E1A3474AEFAEE" box="[151,253,1324,1348]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,248,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. Parasteatoda merapiensis sp. nov., female holotype (3 – 8) and male allotype (9 – 10) – 3, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 4 – 5, abdomen, ventral (4) and lateral (5) views; 6, epigynum, ventral view; 7 – 8, internal genitalia, dorsal (7) and ventral (8) views; 9 – 10, palpus, ventral (9) and retrolateral (10) views. Scales: 0.5 mm (3 – 5) and 0.1 mm (6 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
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: epigynum swelling with depression, anterior edge indistinct; two openings in both sides of depression; ducts thick and black, forming circle; seminal receptacles globular and membranous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB59671820FFF88FF7C1A6C76D6F9CE" blockId="2.[151,1437,964,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FF7C1A6C7515FA27" bold="true" box="[197,326,1396,1421]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Coloration</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13318AF4820FFF88FEE01A6C7590FA26" box="[345,451,1396,1420]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,248,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. Parasteatoda merapiensis sp. nov., female holotype (3 – 8) and male allotype (9 – 10) – 3, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 4 – 5, abdomen, ventral (4) and lateral (5) views; 6, epigynum, ventral view; 7 – 8, internal genitalia, dorsal (7) and ventral (8) views; 9 – 10, palpus, ventral (9) and retrolateral (10) views. Scales: 0.5 mm (3 – 5) and 0.1 mm (6 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
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). Carapace almost black. Chelicerae, maxillae, and labium blackish brown. Sternum brown with posterior black line between fourth coxae. Palpus: femora and patellae dusky brown with black flecks; tibiae and tarsi almost black. Legs dusky brown with black flecks: femora, patellae, tibiae and tarsi each with distal, and metatarsi with distal and median black rings; longitudinal ventral dusky line on first femora, but that of second and third femora indistinct. Abdomen dusky brown with many black flecks, linear median transverse and lateral downward white patches distinct; venter with pair of large white patches between epigynum and spinnerets, and with large black fleck anterior to spinnerets.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB59671820FFF88FF7C1969705FF95E" blockId="2.[151,1437,964,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FF7C1969755AF923" bold="true" box="[197,265,1649,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Male.</emphasis>
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Ground color brown with black flecks. Abdomen without distinct white marks. AMEs half their diameter apart. Diameters in ratio, AME: ALE: PME: PLE = 16: 8: 11: 11. Leg formula, 1, 2, 4, 3. First patella and tibia 1.8 times carapace length. Palpal organ as shown in
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<figureCitation id="13318AF4820FFF88FD6719A07702F97A" box="[734,849,1720,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,248,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 10. Parasteatoda merapiensis sp. nov., female holotype (3 – 8) and male allotype (9 – 10) – 3, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 4 – 5, abdomen, ventral (4) and lateral (5) views; 6, epigynum, ventral view; 7 – 8, internal genitalia, dorsal (7) and ventral (8) views; 9 – 10, palpus, ventral (9) and retrolateral (10) views. Scales: 0.5 mm (3 – 5) and 0.1 mm (6 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
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: conductor long, ventrally projecting and tapering to apex; embolus thin and long, forming circle. Other characteristics as in female.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB59671820FFF88FF7C181970E4F85A" blockId="2.[151,1437,964,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A63820FFF88FF7C18197527F8B3" bold="true" box="[197,372,1793,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(in mm, Ƥ
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D3820FFF88FE471818760CF8B2" box="[510,607,1792,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
/ 3 allotype). Body length 4.74/ 2.63. Carapace length 1.63/ 1.21; width 1.26/ 1.11. Abdomen length 3.16/ 1.53; width 2.68/ 1.16; height 3.63/ 1.58. Length of legs [total (femur + patella and tibia + metatarsus + tarsus)]: I 7.37/ 6.85 (2.16/ 2.00 + 2.16/ 2.16 + 2.16/ 1.95 + 0.89/ 0.74); II 4.96/ 4.58 (1.37/ 1.32 + 1.37/ 1.47 + 1.21/ 1.21 + 0.68/ 0.58); III 3.69/ 3.26 (1.11/ 1.00 + 1.05/ 0.95 + 0.95/ 0.84 + 0.58/ 0.47); IV 5.58/ 4.15 (1.68/ 1.26 + 1.74/ 1.26 + 1.42/ 1.05 + 0.74/ 0.58). Diameters: AME 0.11/ 0.16; ALE 0.07/ 0.02; PME 0.11/ 0.11; PLE 0.13/ 0.11. Distances: AME-AME 0.11/ 0.08; AME-ALE 0.05/ 0.08; PME-PME 0.11/ 0.13; PME- PLE 0.09/ 0.11. MOA, anterior width 0.30/ 0.34; posterior width 0.30/ 0.26; length 0.26/ 0.29.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF75C6F9820EFF89FF2E1871716AF816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205620/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[165,1418,248,1819]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB59671820EFF89FF2E1871716AF816" blockId="3.[151,1436,1897,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A63820EFF89FF2E18717514F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,327,1897,1920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">FIGURES 3–10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF2820EFF89FEF71871760BF8D5" box="[334,600,1897,1919]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merapiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A63820EFF89FEF71871760BF8D5" box="[334,600,1897,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Parasteatoda merapiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A63820EFF89FDE7187276FDF8D5" bold="true" box="[606,686,1898,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DF718820EFF89FDE7187276FDF8D5" box="[606,686,1898,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female holotype (3–8) and male allotype (9–10) – 3, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 4–5, abdomen, ventral (4) and lateral (5) views; 6, epigynum, ventral view; 7–8, internal genitalia, dorsal (7) and ventral (8) views; 9–10, palpus, ventral (9) and retrolateral (10) views. Scales: 0.5 mm (3–5) and 0.1 mm (6–10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF75C6F98209FF8EFF2E1CED704FFB80" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205621/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[169,1417,179,1012]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB596718209FF8EFF2E1CED704FFB80" blockId="4.[151,1436,1013,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFF2E1CED7504FBA1" bold="true" box="[151,343,1013,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 11–12.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFE6C1CEF763AFBA6" box="[469,617,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">P. m e r a p i e n s i s</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFDCF1CEE7698FBA1" bold="true" box="[630,715,1014,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
Web(s) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF28209FF8EFCF01CEF77B3FBA6" box="[841,992,1015,1036]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merapiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFCF01CEF77B3FBA6" box="[841,992,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">P. merapiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFC521CEE706CFBA1" bold="true" box="[1003,1087,1014,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DF7188209FF8EFC521CEE706CFBA1" box="[1003,1087,1014,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
under twigs (arrow 1) and dead branches (arrow 2) (11), and between tree trunks with a shelter (12) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF28209FF8EFCDD1B0C7045FB80" box="[868,1046,1044,1066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Albizia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcataria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFCDD1B0C7045FB80" box="[868,1046,1044,1066]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Albizia falcataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB596718209FF8EFF7C1B4E7621FB55" blockId="4.[151,1436,1110,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFF7C1B4E756AFBC5" bold="true" box="[197,313,1110,1135]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The ground color of females is variable; some specimens are almost blackish brown, and some are yellowish brown. In dark specimens, flecks on the abdomen and legs are indistinct and the sternum has a pair of lateral, large dark flecks. In pale specimens, the longitudinal dusky flecks on the legs are indistinct. The ground color of males is not so variable. Measurements (in mm, Ƥ/ 3): Body length 4.5-6.7/ 2.5–3.1; carapace length 1.9–2.3/ 1.2–1.5; abdomen length 2.5–4.8/ 1.4–1.7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310C5FA8209FF8EFF7C1A137537F9E9" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB596718209FF8EFF7C1A137629FAC1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1110,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFF7C1A137508FA89" bold="true" box="[197,347,1290,1315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFF7C1A137553FA89" box="[197,256,1291,1315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFED51A13758AFA89" box="[364,473,1291,1315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: Ƥ, and allotype: 3, Mt. Merapi,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF23B948209FF8EFC201A137053FA89" box="[921,1024,1291,1315]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="1100.0">1,100 m</quantity>
|
||
alt, Yogyakarta, Java,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DD6E18209FF8EFA911A1371CBFA89" box="[1320,1432,1291,1315]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB4B0B18209FF8EFF2E1A37757FFAED" box="[151,300,1327,1351]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" value="2009-08-15">15.Aug.2009</date>
|
||
, K. Takasuka leg. (NSMT-Ar 8714-8715).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFCB61A2877D3FAE2" box="[783,896,1328,1352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: 6Ƥ and 63,
|
||
<date id="FFB4B0B18209FF8EFBAE1A377098FAED" box="[1047,1227,1327,1351]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" value="2010-02-27" valueMax="2010-02-28" valueMin="2010-02-27">27-28.Feb.2010</date>
|
||
, same locality and collector as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFEFF1A4B75FBFAC1" box="[326,424,1363,1387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(NSMT-Ar 8716).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB596718209FF8EFF7C1A6E7639FA1E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1110,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFF7C1A6E7641FA25" bold="true" box="[197,530,1398,1423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Other specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
15Ƥ and 193, same data as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFC331A6077AAFA3A" box="[906,1017,1400,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Three juveniles were collected with
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFF2E1A8374AAFA19" box="[151,249,1435,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0C5DF88209FF8EFE961A8375E4FA19" box="[303,439,1435,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="juvenile">55 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
with
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFE4E1A847635FA1E" box="[503,614,1436,1460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB596718209FF8EFF7C1AA67537F9E9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1110,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFF7C1AA675D4FA7D" bold="true" box="[197,391,1470,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species constructs irregular, three-dimensional webs exclusively on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF28209FF8EFB791AA7711DFA7D" box="[1216,1358,1471,1495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Albizia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcataria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFB791AA7711DFA7D" box="[1216,1358,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">A. falcataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, under twigs or dead branches or between tree trunks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13318AF48209FF8EFD151AFB777AFA51" box="[684,809,1507,1531]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1013,1036]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,179,1012]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,168,1024]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 12. Habitat of P. m e r a p i e n s i s sp. nov. Web (s) of P. merapiensis sp. nov. under twigs (arrow 1) and dead branches (arrow 2) (11), and between tree trunks with a shelter (12) of Albizia falcataria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205621/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Fig. 11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adult spiders usually hang a dead leaf at the centre of the web as a refuge, in which they hide themselves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13318AF48209FF8EFD62191F777DF9B5" box="[731,814,1543,1567]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1013,1036]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,179,1012]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,168,1024]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 12. Habitat of P. m e r a p i e n s i s sp. nov. Web (s) of P. merapiensis sp. nov. under twigs (arrow 1) and dead branches (arrow 2) (11), and between tree trunks with a shelter (12) of Albizia falcataria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205621/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preys captured in the web are mainly ants, caterpillars and rarely beetles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310C5FA8209FF8EFF7C19567484F905" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB596718209FF8EFF7C19567484F905" blockId="4.[151,1436,1110,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFF7C1956751EF9CD" bold="true" box="[197,333,1614,1639]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The web construction of this species is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF28209FF8EFC47194870E2F9CD" box="[1022,1201,1615,1639]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Parasteatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tepidariorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFC47194870E2F9CD" box="[1022,1201,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">P. tepidariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0AEDF28209FF8EFB7F19577108F9CD" box="[1222,1371,1615,1639]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Achaearanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFB7F19577108F9CD" box="[1222,1371,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Achaearanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFADA194871CBF9C2" box="[1379,1432,1616,1640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFF2E196C7486F921" box="[151,213,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BEB808209FF8EFF64196B766DF921" author="Benjamin" box="[221,574,1651,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Benjamin, S. P. & Zschokke, S. (2003) Webs of theridiid spiders: construction, structure and evolution. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 78, 293 - 305." type="journal article" year="2003">Benjamin & Zschokke (2003))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It consists of gumfooted lines (GF), a retreat (R) and supporting structures (SSt).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310C5FA8209FF8EFF7C19A277DBF979" box="[197,904,1722,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB596718209FF8EFF7C19A277DBF979" blockId="4.[151,1436,1110,1784]" box="[197,904,1722,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFF7C19A2750DF979" bold="true" box="[197,350,1722,1747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31DD6E18209FF8EFEDC19A37585F979" box="[357,470,1723,1747]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Java (known only from
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFD5519A4774FF97E" box="[748,796,1724,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C310C5FA8209FF8EFF7C19C77033F95D" box="[197,1120,1759,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB596718209FF8EFF7C19C77033F95D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1110,1784]" box="[197,1120,1759,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97E4A638209FF8EFF7C19C7751FF95D" bold="true" box="[197,332,1759,1783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is derived from Mt. Merapi, Java, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B128D38209FF8EFC7619F877ACF952" box="[975,1023,1760,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |