189 lines
20 KiB
XML
189 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5EA31D7E0DD7C78237500C7425A280E0">Distribution, habitats, phenology and conservation of New Caledonian Odonata</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4223AB40F59EB1C8B3F78F8ABA0D3759">Grand, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3E8AF37F7820F95EC59877A20E5F171">Jourdan, Herve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EEED7EEFD497BBBCEBC7AE9D8115B0A7">Cook, Carl</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17133F2D454C33871E320744C7BA2CEB">Rouys, Sophie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="168D38BA9FAA2FD599CDDB9BD0239D8C">Theuerkauf, Jörn</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03913978FF9EFFC4FF1ABC0C626BF882" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5518751" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158725361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5518751" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03913978FF9EFFC4FF1ABC0C626BF882" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03913978FF9EFFC4FF1ABC0C626BF882" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9EFFBAFF1ABC0C632BFB82" ID-CoL="7B9FX" authority="Campion, 1921" authorityName="Campion" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,545,1083,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenella">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFF1ABC0C632BFB82" bold="true" box="[151,545,1083,1110]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFF1ABC0C606FFB81" bold="true" box="[151,357,1083,1110]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Synthemis fenella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9EFFBAFEE1BC0C632BFB82" author="Campion, H." box="[364,545,1083,1110]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="33 - 67" refId="ref31424" refString="Campion, H. (1921) Odonata collected in New Caledonia by the late Mr. Paul D. Montague. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 8 (43), 33 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632558" type="journal article" year="1921">Campion, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9EFFBAFF1ABC6861F3FBAD" blockId="62.[151,545,1083,1146]" box="[151,249,1119,1146]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130394EBFF9EFFBAFF2DBC6861FBFBAD" box="[160,241,1119,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1906,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,171,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,171,1884]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 64. Synthemis fenella: a) male, b) female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342364/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322DBE5FF9EFFBAFF1ABC936313FB6B" box="[151,537,1187,1212]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9EFFBAFF1ABC936313FB6B" blockId="62.[151,537,1187,1212]" box="[151,537,1187,1212]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB28AF40FF9EFFBAFF1ABC936313FB6B" box="[151,537,1187,1212]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9EFFBAFF1ABC93631FFB6B" ID-CoL="7B9FX" authority="Campion, 1921: 61" authorityName="Campion" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,533,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenella">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFF1ABC936043FB6B" box="[151,329,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Synthemis fenella</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A99AE7FFF9EFFBAFEDDBC94631FFB6B" author="Campion, H." box="[336,533,1187,1212]" page="61" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9EFFBAFEDDBC94631FFB6B" author="Campion, H." box="[336,533,1187,1212]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="33 - 67" refId="ref31424" refString="Campion, H. (1921) Odonata collected in New Caledonia by the late Mr. Paul D. Montague. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 8 (43), 33 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632558" type="journal article" year="1921">Campion, 1921: 61</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C322DBE5FF9EFFC4FF1ABCDE626BF882" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9EFFBAFF1ABCDE6394FA9B" blockId="62.[151,1437,1257,1897]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFF1ABCDE6023FAD3" bold="true" box="[151,297,1257,1284]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Distribution</emphasis>
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(Fig. 65). Endemic to Grande Terre. With almost 60 known localities, it is widespread along the main mountain range, but also in the lowlands. Its populations are often large. A specimen collected on
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<date id="FF86AEAEFF9EFFBAFB64BD396475FAFF" box="[1257,1407,1293,1321]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1979-05-03">
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3
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<superScript id="7C4D2526FF9EFFBAFB7ABD3A640FFACC" attach="left" box="[1271,1285,1293,1307]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">rd</superScript>
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May
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<quantity id="4CC0258BFF9EFFBAFACABD396475FAFF" box="[1351,1407,1294,1320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.02666" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="1979.0">1979</quantity>
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</date>
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in the Thy forest is held in the
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<collectionCode id="ED2910ABFF9EFFBAFE5FBD05632BFA9B" box="[466,545,1330,1356]" country="New Caledonia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crvj-94ys" name="Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">ONNC</collectionCode>
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collection.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9EFFBAFF4ABD6263E3FAA6" blockId="62.[151,1437,1257,1897]" box="[199,745,1365,1393]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFF4ABD626020FAA7" bold="true" box="[199,298,1365,1392]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Fast-flowing forest creeks and streams.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9EFFBAFF4ABD4E6497F892" blockId="62.[151,1437,1257,1897]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFF4ABD4E60DCFA43" bold="true" box="[199,470,1401,1428]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Biology and behaviour.</emphasis>
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This species is easy to distinguish and its presence is often revealed by the exuviae clinging to banks of streams. Larvae emerge before noon and hang from tussocks, tree trunks, rock walls or large pebbles at a height of 0.1 m. In the early morning, males are the first
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9EFFBAFCB8BDF562ADFA0B" authorityName="Selys-Longchamps" authorityYear="1870" box="[821,935,1474,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFCB8BDF562ADFA0B" box="[821,935,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Synthemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to fly over the water, sometimes before 0800 h. They are inconspicuous and suspicious of larger species. They arrive suddenly over calm pools ranging in surface area from a few dm² to
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². They fly swiftly, darting hither and thither
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above the water surface. In some places, they hover 2–3 seconds, to inspect hidden places, where a female may lay eggs. If another male approaches, a brief chase toward the canopy follows, and only one of them will return. Before visiting oviposition sites, females wait for males to leave. Having found a suitable puddle, they first inspect it flying just above (
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<quantity id="4CC0258BFF9EFFBAFB23BE426428F946" box="[1198,1314,1653,1681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
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), then they begin a quick, agitated flight. With the tip of their abdomen, they touch the water surface several times to release their eggs. Oviposition may be disturbed by a male or by an assault by another
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9EFFBAFC56BE896547F90F" authorityName="Selys-Longchamps" authorityYear="1870" box="[987,1101,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFC56BE896547F90F" box="[987,1101,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Synthemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. If the female has not seen a male approaching, the male will hold the female immediately (one observation) and the couple rises slowly to disappear into the canopy. Mating probably takes place on (or attached to) a twig. This species disappears early in the afternoon, when there are too many males of other
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9EFFBAFD5DBF1D6248F893" authorityName="Selys-Longchamps" authorityYear="1870" box="[720,834,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFD5DBF1D6248F893" box="[720,834,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Synthemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. The larva was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9EFFBAFB50BF1D6492F892" author="Lieftinck, M." box="[1245,1432,1834,1861]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="165 - 200" refId="ref33832" refString="Lieftinck, M. (1976) The dragonflies (Odonata) of New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands - Part 2. Immature stages. Cahiers Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer (ORSTOM), Serie Hydrobiologie, 10, 165 - 200." type="journal article" year="1976">Lieftinck (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9EFFBAFF4ABF7A6266F8BF" blockId="62.[151,1437,1257,1897]" box="[199,876,1869,1897]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFF4ABF7A6013F8BF" bold="true" box="[199,281,1869,1896]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Status.</emphasis>
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Widespread and abundant. We rank
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9EFFBAFD3EBF786211F8BF" authorityName="Campion" authorityYear="1921" box="[691,795,1870,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenella">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFD3EBF786211F8BF" box="[691,795,1870,1897]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. fenella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as LC.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9FFFBBFF1ABF4563AFF85C" blockId="63.[151,677,1906,1931]" box="[151,677,1906,1931]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9FFFBBFF1ABF45602AF85C" bold="true" box="[151,288,1906,1931]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 64.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9FFFBBFEABBF4560D2F85D" authorityName="Campion" authorityYear="1921" box="[294,472,1906,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9FFFBBFEABBF4560D2F85D" box="[294,472,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Synthemis fenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a) male, b) female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF47D8E6FFE0FFC4FF1ABEB06348F977" box="[151,578,1671,1696]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342368/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,250,1671,1696]" targetBox="[151,1437,171,1625]" targetPageId="64">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87886EFFE0FFC4FF1ABEB06348F977" blockId="64.[151,578,1671,1696]" box="[151,578,1671,1696]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFE0FFC4FF1ABEB0602AF977" bold="true" box="[151,288,1671,1696]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 66.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFE0FFC4FEABBEBF60F7F977" authorityName="Campion" authorityYear="1921" box="[294,509,1672,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFE0FFC4FEABBEBF60F7F977" box="[294,509,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Synthemis flexicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87886EFFE0FFC4FF4ABEC5626BF882" blockId="64.[151,1436,1778,1877]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFE0FFC4FF4ABEC56013F8DA" bold="true" box="[199,281,1778,1805]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Status.</emphasis>
|
||
Only five
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFFE0FFC4FE1EBEC4632FF8DB" authorityName="Campion" authorityYear="1921" box="[403,549,1778,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFFE0FFC4FE1EBEC4632FF8DB" box="[403,549,1778,1805]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. flexicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males were observed on a tributary of the Dumbéa River, but the bushfire that damaged the site in 2009 does not seem to have severely affected the local population of this species. Pending a better understanding of its distribution, we rank the species CR.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |